考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型

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考研英语09翻译真题参考译文

考研英语09翻译真题参考译文

结构分析:It 做形式主语,翻译时常不译出来,that引导的是主语从句,也常不翻译; 特别要提到的是我
在基础班和强化班上多次强调的必考的短语结构:名词短语(N. + Prep+ N.+ Prep. + N.+ Prep),在
翻译时由后面往前面翻。
核心词汇:measure, institution, motive
参考答案:既然我们对他们的主要职责(任务)就是使年轻人能够参与到一个共同的生活中去,因此我们不
禁思考我们是否正具备这种力量,而这种力量将有助于我们获得这种能力。
50. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education ---that of direct tuition or schooling.
翻译部分参考答案及解析与点评:
09年翻译试题的特点是五个句子里难词并不多,结构不太复杂,有关正规教育地位的主题也是大家熟悉的话题。因此难度略低于08年翻译。考到的两种特殊句型是我们课堂上多次讲到的必考特殊句型。一是47题的倒装,二是48题的宾语后置;三是50题的插入结构. 48题最难,很多同学由于不能正确快速地识别这个特殊结构而耗时多,结果还是白白丢分。There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others and the deliberate aducating of the young.

考研英语翻译第四章 翻译方法与技巧(句法)

考研英语翻译第四章  翻译方法与技巧(句法)

第四章翻译方法与技巧(句法)第一节分句法与合句法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可将原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只稍加改变;但是不少情况则必须将原来的句子的结构作较大的改变。

分句法是指将原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子;合句法则是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。

一.分句法1、将原文中的一个单词译成句子1)They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.他们根本没有答复,这是不足为奇的。

(将一个副词译为一个句子)2)That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出的。

(将一个形容词译为一句子)2、将原文中一个短语译成句子1)Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness, and choking the shadows.阳光射入了它能透过的几乎所有地方,赶走了黑暗,驱散了阴影。

(将一个分词短语译为句子)能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭。

这是一条普遍公认的规律。

(将一个名词语译为一个句子)3、将一个句子拆开译成两个或两个以上句子His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。

(将一个句子译为一个主句和一个从句)二、合句法1、将原文中两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个单句His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north and near the sea.他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨做小生意。

(将两个单句译为一个单句)2、将原文中的主从复合句译成一个单句When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.我在谈判时总是有些紧张。

考研英语如何翻译it被动语态

考研英语如何翻译it被动语态
It is decided that…已经决定…
It was noted above that… 前面已经指出…
It is arranged that…已经商定…,已做准备…
Ii is announced that… 据称…
It cannot be denied that…无可否认…
It has been calculated that… 据计算…
It must be pointed out… 必须指出…
It is suggested that…有人建议…
It will be seen from this that…由此可见…
It is demonstrated that…据证实…,已经证明…
It can be seen that…可见,可以看出…
[参考译文]
在漫长的历史长河中,自从人类习惯了语言这种形式,它一直是最完整,最常用的文化交流媒介。
9. It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones,but scientists today believe that male hormones are only part of the explanation,and they say aggressiveness in boys is also caused by mothers.
It is noted that…人们注意到…,有人指出…
It is found that…人们发现…
It has been objected that…人们认为… 有人反驳道…
It is considered that… 人们认为…

1.考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型

1.考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型

考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型考研英语中,形式主语通常是指it作形式主语的情况。

在翻译时,我们一般都将其处理为固定词组,置于句首。

形式主语分为以下两种:①It is+v-ed+thatIt is said that...据说……;It is reported that...据报道……;It is estimated that...据估计……;It is suggested that...据建议……;It must be admitted that…必须承认……;It should be realized that...应该意识到……;It can be found that...可以发现……;It is agreed that...大家一致认为……;It cannot be denied that…不能否认……;It may be said without fear of exaggeration that…毫不夸张的说……②It is +adj.+thatIt is clear/certain/natural/necessary that...是很明显/很肯定的/很自然/很有必要的。

例如:It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.奇怪的是,她并没有看到自己的缺点。

考研英语中,it作形式主语的情况常出现在主语从句中,且以It 作形式主语置于句首,而that引导的真正的主语从句置于句末。

主要有两种情况:it形式主语+主语从句;it形式主语+不定式。

下面我们将通过真题例句,介绍这两种情况下句子的翻译技巧。

一、it形式主语+主语从句真题例句1:It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(2009年考研英语(一)真题46题)技巧透析:这里it是形式主语,可以直接翻译为“可以说……”。

考研英语基础语法汇总

考研英语基础语法汇总

考研英语基础语法汇总一、非谓语动词( V+ing, V+ed)1, 动名词(1)作主语和宾语Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。

(2)作介词宾语We get pleasure from loving and being loved.我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。

2,分词作定语(1)前置The beginning student should be given more encouragement.初学者应多给予鼓励。

A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。

(2)后置Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.靠山吃山Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。

3,分词作状语Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海去了。

Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.从这个塔上远眺,紫金山南麓是树的海洋。

Printed white, the house looks bigger.漆成白色后,这房子像是更大了。

Having written an important letter, I litsened to the music for a while.写完一封重要的信之后,我听了一会儿音乐。

Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.持极端观点的人认为,人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

考研英语语法it专题

考研英语语法it专题

LECTURE 14 it专题本堂目标:熟悉指代性it及非指代性it的用法;重点掌握作先行词的it、引导强调句中it的用法。

基础预习一、指代性it指代性it指的是作人称代词的it。

it作人称代词时可指代事物、动物、婴儿、未知的人或一件事。

二、非指代性it非指代性it是相对于作人称代词的it而言的。

非指代性it没有具体意义上的主语,表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。

非指代性it常作seem,appear,look,happen,occur,follow等动词的主语,构成特定的句型。

重点讲解一、先行it1.it作形式主语it作形式主语,放在句首,将真正的主语(动词不定式、动名词、从句)放在后面,尤其当充当主语的动词不定式短语很长时,用it作形式主语,可以避免使整个句子头重脚轻,此时it不能用this或that 来代替。

1)it形式主语指代不定式it作形式主语指代不定式时,常见的谓语有:take, pay, make, cost, require, feel, annoy, need等,例如:It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt.2)it形式主语指代动名词【例】3)it形式主语指代从句2.it作形式宾语it作形式宾语放在谓语动词与宾语补足语之间,指代不定式、动名词、从句等。

后接it 作形式宾语的谓语动词有:feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count等。

【例1】【例2】(02-Text 4)二、引导强调句的it当我们要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)时,常用“it + be + 被强调部【例2】课堂练习难句分析1. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. (05-Text 1)2. It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (09-翻译)3. It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. (07-Text 2)4. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiencyof its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. (00-翻译)5. It is a rare and sophisticated patient who will challenge such professional decisions or raise in advance questions about price, especially when the disease is regarded as serious.6. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.7. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. (04Text 2)8. It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. (03Text 4)9. The best way to get a rapid and responsive answer is to ask it like a person with smarts, confidence, and clues who just happens to need help on one particular problem.10. And it is by the making of tools — physical tools as crude as a stone chopper, mental tools as subtle as a mathematical equation — that man characteristically prepares for future contingencies.11. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect.12. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country.课堂讲评1. 【分析】整个句子是一个主系表结构,其中主语是由两个以whether引导的并列主语从句构成的,第二个从句的主语it指代前面的a sense of fairness,从句包含that引导的定语从句。

代词it的翻译

代词it的翻译

代词it的翻译作者:李颖来源:《新一代》2014年第08期摘要:英语代词在语篇中使用频率远远高于汉语代词,有人称代词、非人称代词、关系代词等等。

有时一句话中出现几个代词,这就给学生带来极大的困扰。

代词“It"一词的使用频率也相当高,很容易造成学生对其理解不准确。

因此,本文将从It作为指称代词和非指称代词的用法入手,分析It在各个语境中的不同翻译。

同时,本文将对It的翻译规律进行归纳和总结,使学生可以更准确无误地翻译It。

关键词:翻译;指代;非指代一、It的特点It是第三人称,单数,中性的人称代词。

其用法却变化多端,通常有指代和非指代用法之分,而且其使用频率也相当高。

一般说来,它不会给翻译带来很棘手的问题。

但这仅仅是一般情况而言,换言之,在某些情况下,要将It的语义悟透,要找一个恰当的对应词来表达它的意义,绝非易事。

它就是语篇中一个不可或缺的螺丝钉,是语篇体系中的一个卒子。

二、It的翻译(一)作为指称代词的翻译1.It可以用来指动物,甚至可以指不知其性别的或性别无关紧要的婴幼儿。

如:What’s the matter with that child? It looks ill. 那个小孩怎么了?他看起来好像病了。

2.除此以外,It可以指代前面的内容,也可以指代后面的内容,指代前面的内容时,它的先行词可以是一个词组,也可以是一个分句,一个句子或几个句子所表达的全部或部分内容;It指代后面的内容时,常常指分句或句子所表达的内容。

3.在附加疑问句中,it可被用来代替all或everything。

All is going well,isn’t it?一切顺利,不是吗?(二)作为非指称代词时的翻译1.虚义It(1)虚义It用在表示时间、日期、天气、温度、距离等意义的句子中,It作形式主语,它虽然处于主语的位置上并没有实际意义,因此称为“虚义it”(empty it)。

①It is very warm today. 今天天气很热。

考研英语复习It做形式主语和形式宾语

考研英语复习It做形式主语和形式宾语

考研英语复习It做形式主语和形式宾语语法的重要性我们一再强调,阅读、翻译、作文中都会涉及,尤其对于一些重要语法,我们更是要熟悉掌握,清楚所有考试出题点。

下面,为大家极少的It作形式主语和形式宾语,就是是在阅读和翻译中,常会考查该知识点。

一、it作形式主语。

英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长,使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻,这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后边去,使全句结构上前后平衡。

“it”并无实际意义。

It之后的谓语部分,可以是be+形容词,be+名词(词组),或be+过去分词等。

1.不定式做真正主语例句1:If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. (2002 Text1)【结构分析】本句包含由and连接两个并列分句。

第一个分句主干为you will be in a position,不定式to know the experiences and problems 做定语,修饰position,其中which引导定语从句,修饰the experiences and problems。

第二个分句为it’ll be appropriate for you to …,其中it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式to make a passing remark about…。

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考研英语翻译技巧——it形式主语句型
考研英语中,形式主语通常是指it作形式主语的情况。

在翻译时,我们一般都将其处理为固定词组,置于句首。

形式主语分为以下两种:
①It is+v-ed+that
It is said that...据说……;It is reported that...据报道……;It is estimated that...据估计……;It is suggested that...据建议……;It must be admitted that…必须承认……;It should be realized that...应该意识到……;It can be found that...可以发现……;It is agreed that...大家一致认为……;It cannot be denied that…不能否认……;It may be said without f e a r o f e x a g g e r a t i o n that…毫不夸张的说……
②It is +adj.+that
It is clear/certain/natural/necessary that...是很明显/很肯定的/很自然/很有必要的。

例如:It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.奇怪的是,她并没有看到自己的缺点。

考研英语中,it作形式主语的情况常出现在主语从句中,且以It 作形式主语置于句首,而that引导的真正的主语从句置于句末。

主要有两种情况:it形式主语+主语从句;it形式主语+不定式。

下面我们将通过真题例句,介绍这两种情况下句子的翻译技巧。

(本文由太阳城考研1号编者原创)
一、it形式主语+主语从句
真题例句1:It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive.(2009年考研英语(一)真题46题)技巧透析:这里it是形式主语,可以直接翻译为“可以说……”。

有时候这种形式的主语结构还可以采用增词法来翻译,即,根据具体语境,补充出主语“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。

参考译文:我们可以说,衡量任何社会机构价值的标准,在于它在丰富和完善人生经验方面所起的作用,但这种作用并不是其初始动机的组成部分。

以下这些结构我们也可以使用这个技巧:it is asserted that…有人主张;it is believed that…有人认为;it is generally considered that…大家普遍认为;it is well known that众所周知等。

真题例句2:Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? (2006年考研英语(一)真题翻译上下文)
技巧透析:这是一般疑问句,用it作形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语,从句中用and连接并列谓语,且都使用了被动语态。

由于that引导的主语从句较长,翻译时需要以从句内容开始,将主句译文置于从句译文之后,并在主句译文之前加“这”以照应从句内
容。

参考译文:在他们所在的社会中,美国知识分子遭到拒绝,并且不受重视,这是真的吗?
二、it形式主语+不定式翻译技巧
(一)按语序顺序译成无主语的句子。

真题例句1:Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.(2012年考研英语(一)真题47题)参考译文:在此,达尔文主义似乎给出了一种合理的说法,因为如果全人类的起源相同,那么似乎有理由认为文化多样性可以追溯到更有限的开端。

真题例句2:In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, “United we stand, divided we fall”.(2005年考研英语(一)真题50题)
参考译文:在应对如此规模的挑战时,可以毫不夸张的说“团结则存,分裂则亡。


(二)顺译之后,再根据不定式中的动词,补充出不定式的逻辑主语,作为汉语句子的主语。

真题例句:Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore—and that
few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.(2007年考研英语(一)真题Text4)
技巧透析:整个句子是It作形式主语,and连接两个that引导的并列主语从句,做真正的主语,中间加入逻辑主语to the dimmest executive。

并列主语从句一中,that用作代词,指代前文中的trust;并列主语从句二中,使用了比较结构——few A+形容词比较级+B+ than C,意为“没有A比C更B”。

然后,按照上面的方法,译出整句。

参考译文:可以肯定的是:即使是最糊涂的管理者也知道信任是最有价值的经济财富,它很容易被毁掉,并且恢复的代价非常昂贵—把敏感的个人信息泄露给不当之人很有可能毁掉公司的信誉。

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