英语语法6.虚拟语气

a.It is imperative that we should practice criticism and self-criticism.
b.It is essential that he should be prepared for this.
c.It is essential for him to be prepared for this.
3.用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词 引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的 有： advice, decision, demand, desire, insistence, motion提议, necessity, order, preference proposal, pray, recommendation , request requirement, resolution决心, suggestion
▪ The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
4) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：
▪ If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
▪ From now on, when people in our ranks who have done some useful work die, be they soldier or cook, we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in their honor.
▪ The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
▪ Everybody should observe traffic regulation, whether they be a schoolchild or a university professor
suggest 1) “建议” 2)“暗示、表明” insist 1)“坚持要求” 2)“坚持认为、坚持表 白”, decide 1)“决定” 2)“认定、断定”, ask 1)“要求” 2)“闻讯” 只有当以上动词用作祈使意义的时候，受其限定的 宾语从句的谓语才使用 be式虚拟
Compare：
▪ The principal suggested that the vacation be cut short to two days.
book yesterday. ▪ Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came
next weekend.
二、表示假设条件的虚拟语气
▪ 表示现在的假设 ▪ 表示过去的假设 ▪ 表示将来的假设
时间 现在 过去
谓语动词的虚拟形式
条件句
动词过去式 （be 多用were）
2) as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导 让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：
▪ Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
had + 过去分词
主句
would / should / could / might + 动词原形
would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词
将来
动词过去式或 should / would / should / could /
were to + 动词原形
might + 动词原形
▪ I would rather you paid me now. ▪ I’d rather you posted the letter right away. ▪ I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long. ▪ I would just as soon you had returned the
would rather / sooner + 从句
▪ would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从 句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况， 用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或 婉转的责备。
Examples
It was recommended that passengers ____
smoke during the flight.
A. not
B. need not
C. could not D. would not
▪ 英语动词的语气 ▪ 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 ▪ 特殊形式的虚拟语气 ▪ 混合虚拟语气 ▪ 含蓄虚拟条件句
A. would be
B. could be
C. be
D. was
▪ He left orders that nothing _____ touched until the police arrived here.
A. should be
B. ought to be
C. must be
D. would be
▪ The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied.
▪ My brother insisted that I give away my rights to have my fathers house.
▪ The bookseller insisted that I stole his book, but I didn’t.
C. wouldn’t have been D. would have not been
特殊形式的虚拟语气
1) It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要 求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
▪ It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
▪ It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
1.She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）
2.She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）
3.She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
有一些动词是多义词
三、表示要求、建议、命令的虚拟语气
▪ 宾语从句 ▪ 主语从句 ▪ 表语பைடு நூலகம்句和同位语从句
1.用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后 的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：
ask, advise, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand desire, determine, insist, intend, maintain , propose, object, order, prefer， require, request, recommend, suggest， pray
wish + 宾语从句 if only + 陈述句
▪ I wish I were a bird. （表示现在的愿望） ▪ I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. （表示过去的愿望） ▪ If only I knew his name! ▪ If only we had listened to their advice!
Lecture Five
虚拟语气
本节内容
▪ 英语动词的语气 ▪ 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 ▪ 特殊形式的虚拟语气 ▪ 混合虚拟语气 ▪ 含蓄虚拟条件句
▪ 英语动词的语气 ▪ 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 ▪ 特殊形式的虚拟语气 ▪ 混合虚拟语气 ▪ 含蓄虚拟条件句
英语动词的语气
英语动词的三种语气 ▪ 陈述语气：用来陈述事实 ▪ 祈使语气：用来表示请求、命令或劝告 ▪ 虚拟语气：用来表示说的话不是事实，或
▪ The president decided that the trip be cancelled.
▪ The police decided that the old man was the murderer.
2.用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形 容词或分词有：
desirable, insistent, important, vital, imperative, essential, necessary, preferable,crucial
3) 由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式， 即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：
▪ She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子 以免他着凉。
1.If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this ____so serious.