新版自考英语二讲义超级完整版
高教自考英语二完整讲12
词汇精讲：1.symptom ： n. 症状，征兆Most infections are contagious before any symptoms are noticed.大多数传染病在症状被发现之前已具有传染性。
He recognizes the symptoms， but refuses to admit that he has marital problems.他承认这些征兆，但不愿承认自己的婚姻发生了问题。
2.habitual ： a. 习惯性的，习以为常的Ice and snow are a habitual sight in the north.冰雪在北方是常见的。
3.detail： n./ vt. 详情，细节，详述You can get details of nursery schools from the local authority.你可向地方当局了解有关托儿所的详细情况。
We haven‘t yet had a chance to discuss the matter in detail.我们还没有机会详细讨论这一问题。
4.enhance：vt. 提高，加强（increase ， improve）The moonlight enhanced the beauty of the scene. 月光更增添了景色的秀美。
The praise of the teacher enhanced his confidence. 老师的赞赏增强了他的信心。
5.initial ： a. 最初的，开始的派生词：initiative n. 创始，首创精神；initiate v. 开始，创始；发起，发动My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight. 我最初的惊奇不久便被喜悦替代了。
6.confront ： vt. 使面对，使面临，使遭遇The new system was confronted with difficulties at the start. 新体制起初遇到很多困难。
自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（137）
2.But the effects of apartheid in terms of social behavior and on cultural development are less well known. （para.1） in terms of 在…⽅⾯ To understand the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people and the ways in which their lives are regulated by apartheid. It means standing for hours in a bus-queue， because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people；⑶it means having to pass theatres and swimming pool with no thought of ever entering them， because they are set aside for with people； and because the restrictions extend to the thoughts people think， and because the laws apply to both black and white， it means that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society.⑷ 3.It means standing for hours in a bus-queue， because there are too few buses specially set aside for black people.（para.3） set aside （为某特定⽬的）留出，分给，存下 4.that all people in South Africa are denied the right to read certain books because the government believes them to be subversive of its apartheid society. （para.3） “… ⽆权阅读某些书” Apartheid means that sportsmen like Basil D‘Oliviera， Steve Makone， and Precious Mackenzie could never represent their own country because they were not white； that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences⑸ -a coloured cast could perform Verdi’s “La Traviata” but no nonwhites could attend a performance before the State president. 5.that singers and actors like Miriam Makeba and Lionel Ngamane would be restricted because of their colour to appearing in certain places and before certain audiences… （para. 4） because of their colour 插在 be retricted to 之间，be restricted to 意思是：“被局限在” appearing 是动名词作介词 to 的宾语 The list of restrictions is endless - these are only a few small examples. But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. ⑹At sports events， if white and black are present ，they support opposing sides and the result is friction -so much so that in many grounds only whites are allowed.⑺ It is illegal for white and black to play chess together. And whites who tried to play football in a team with black members were prosecuted. 6.But what they add up to is a division which breeds hostility. （para.5） add up to 似乎是，（加起来）等于是 全句⼤意：“但这些例⼦加起来却意味着可以酿成敌意的隔离。
自考英语（二）讲义完整版三
自考英语（二）讲义完整版三自考英语（二）讲义完整版三Unit 2 练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all2.句子英译汉：1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.7）There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.8）They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3 句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。
2013新版自考英语(二)讲义超级完整版
2013年新版英语二讲义（全）Unit 1 The Power of LanguageI. Ne w wor ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es enta tiv e a dj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的Suf f ic ienc y ins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/th e a uthor it y o n s th.auth or i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A w ith Bc om par e A t o B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e t hat…a c as e i n po intc onf irm ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的va lid it y n. 有效性，正确（性）in val i d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ibl e=unb el ie vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele vanc y n. 关联；恰当ir r ele va nt27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的ina ppr opr iat eIt's (not) ap pr opr i ate t hat ….29. b ia s n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons iderc ons ider ingc ons ider a bl ec ons ider a tec ons ider a tio n31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的wel l-inf or m edil l-inf or m edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r ead ing app lies to n on-f ic tio n wr i tin g in whic h th e a uthor pu tsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. C r itic a l r ea di ng i s ac tiv er eadi ng. It in vo lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）und er s tand ing what an a uthor is s a yi n g. Cr itic a l r ea din g in vol v es ques t ion ing an d e v alu ati ng what t he auth or is s a yi n g, and f or m ing yo u r own o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he auth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the t hi ngs yo u s hou ld do t o be a c r itic al r ea der.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Cr it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut hor putsf or th a pos it io n or s e ek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：a p plic a tio n, a pp lic a nt, a ppl ic ab le② C ons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ng s om ething that w as wr itt en b y a n aut hor f r om a diff er ent c u ltur a l c ont ex t th an your s.(2)O r, you m a y b e r e adi ng s om ethin g wr it t en s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo ur s. (3)In eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze an d tak e into ac c ount a n y dif f er enc es bet ween yo ur v al u es and att itud es an d t hos er epr es ente d b y t he a u thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t tha n yo u r s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. I n eit her c as e, you m us t r ec ogn i ze and ta k e into ac c ount a n y d i ff er enc es bet we en yo ur v al ues and att itud es an d t hos e r epr es e nted b y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。
自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（124）
3.of…importance 有…重要性 4.in the strict sense 在严格的意义上 They are not immigrants， at least not in the strict sense. 从严格意义上来说他们不是移民。
5.of…interest 有…兴趣 6.to coincide with 相符，⼀致 7.attitude towards 对…的态度；意见 What is your attitude to/towards this idea？你对这个想法的态度如何？ 8.at a guess 凭猜测 9.to go in for 参加，从事；以…为兴趣，爱好 compel devide get rid of What sports do you go in for？你喜欢什么运动？ He goes in for pop music. 他喜欢流⾏⾳乐。
The boy goes in for stamp collecting. 这个男孩喜欢集邮。
10.to get one's teeth into 死死咬住，紧紧抓住；认真对待 Work， Labor， and Play So far as I know， Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy， a man must feel， firstly， free and， secondly， important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing， or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.（1）In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished， the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it， but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave.（2）A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.（3） 1.本句中，as of no value or importance 在if 从句中作主语补⾜语， as 在这⾥是介词，解释为“作为…”“be ignored by society as …”被社会作为毫⽆价值或⽆关紧要的东西⽽忽视。
自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（80）
课⽂精讲 Controlling your concentration CONCENTARATION IS CENTERING YOUR ATTENTION Psychologically defined， concentration is the process of centering one‘ s attention over a period of time. In practical application， however， concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply. For this reason， it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.⑴ 1.For this reason， it is helpful to keep the following points in mind. be helpful to …。
对… 很有益； keep …。
in mind 把… 记在⼼⾥； 译⽂：因此，记住下列⼏点是很有帮助的。
Your attention span varies Even with the greatest effort， our span of attention fluctuates. You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention. In a quiet room， place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. ⑵Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity， fades to a point where it cannot be heard， and then increases again.⑶ This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates， for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant. 2.In a quiet room， place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. 该句主句是祈使句 place a watch so that 引导⽬的状语从句 译⽂：在⼀个安静的房间⾥，放⼀块表，表的声⾳⼏乎刚刚能听见。
自考英语（二）讲义完整版
自考英语（二）讲义完整版自考英语（二）讲义完整版一讲义一Text A What Is a Decision ？I.课文内容简介决策的目的是制定和实现组织目标。
作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西防碍目标或目的的实现。
作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。
决策者必须具备从多个可供选择的可能性中确定最佳选择的手段。
而多种目标的顺序和重要性也部分地基于决策者的价值观。
今天所作的决策可能会对将来产生深远的影响。
因此，有经验的管理者能从当前决策看到将来的效果。
段落大意：课文分成三部分第一、二段：决策的定义The definition of decision第三、四段：作决策的一般过程The general process of making a decision第五至九段：在管理层次上，多种因素影响决策的制定Various factors influencing decision making at the managerial level II.New Wordsorganizational a. 组织上的goal n. 目的，目标objective n./a. 目标，目的/客观的，真实的accomplish vt. 完成（任务等）predict vt./vi. 预言；预示accompany vt. 伴随，陪同implement vt. 实现；完成constraint n. 强制；强制因素precedent n. 先例，前例simplify vt. 简化tendency n. 趋势，倾向managerial a. 经理的，管理人的maker n. 制造者；制造商achievement n. 完成，达到attain vt. 达到；完成optimal a. 最适宜的，最理想的suboptimization n. 局部最优化trade-off n. 权衡；物物交换argue vt./vi. 争辩，争论budget n./vt. 预算scheme n./vt.把…编入预算define vt. 解释，给…下定义multiple a./n.多样的，复合的/倍数profitability n. 赚钱，获利correctness n. 正确，正确性unintended a. 非计划中的，非故意的ongoing a. 进行中的，非故意的entity n. 存在，实体skilled a. 熟练的；有技能的in the way 挡路、碍事to make a guess at 猜测and the like 等等，诸如此类to seek to 追求，争取in part 部分地，在某种程度上point of view 观点词汇精讲1.goal n. 目标，进球，球门（同义词：aim ，end ，purpose，objective）Her goal is a place at university . 她的目标是在大学任教。
（完整版）自考英语二重点讲解复习资料
（完整版）自考英语二重点讲解复习资料自考英语二重点讲解复习资料自考英语二复习资料第一章重点单词扩充讲解：1. organizational: a 组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing. 2). The task calls for the high est _________ skill. 3). China has joined World Trade __________. 4). He is the _ _________ of the speech contest.Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer 2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的 3. predict: v 预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家 4. simplify: v 简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ___ _ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______a question of proced ure. 4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor. Answer s: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sth e.g. old people have the tendency ofgetting fatter. Or old peop le tend to get fatter. 6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营； management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（146）
重点词汇： 1.scarce： a. 缺乏的，不⾜的；稀有的，珍贵的 e.g. Firewood is scarce in many parts of the world. 世界上很多地区都缺乏⽊材。
Scarce resources should be used sensibly. 稀有资源的使⽤应该合理。
2. expansion： n. 扩张，膨胀 派⽣词：expand v. 扩张，膨胀 e.g. Expansion into new areas of research is possible. 扩展到新的研究领域是有可能的。
3.promotion： n. 促进；提升 派⽣词：promote v. 促进，提升 e.g. As part of their sales promotion they‘re giving away a free pair of socks with each holiday. 作为促销的⼀部分，他们每个假⽇都免费赠送⼀双袜⼦。
4. award ： vt. / n. 授予，给予，判给 e.g. He was awarded his damages by the court . 法院判给他损失赔偿费。
reward 意思是“报答，报应，报偿”。
⽽且reward 后⾯⼀般要加with . e.g. He was rewarded with $10000. 他被奖励10000 美元。
5.integrate v. 使结合，使并⼊，使成为⼀体 e.g. It‘s very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own. 使你⾃⼰融⼊⼀个完全不同的⽂化⾮常困难。
6.diversity n. 多样性 e.g. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country ？ 电视能充分反应这个国家种族和⽂化上的多样性吗？ 7.permissive adj. 容许的，许可的，随意的，开放的 e.g. He claims that society has been far too permissive towards drug taking. 他认为社会对吸毒太放纵了。
自考“英语（二）”完整讲义（128）
7.on occasion ：有时，间或 eg：He has， on occasion ， made small mistakes. 他有时犯⼀些⼩错误。
8.in vain ：⽆效地；徒然 eg：All our work was in vain.我们的⼯作都⽩⼲了。
How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad？（1）That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy. （2）It would take some kind of real mental case to do all the work one could all day long. No one expects it. Taking it easy on the job while someone else covers your work， or “working on and off，” as it is usually called in America， is an established part of the working life. 1.How can someone， hour after hour， day after day， year in and year out， tighten approximately the same nut to the same bolt and not go mad ？（para.1） 这是⼀个反意问句，意为：“⼀个⼈时复⼀时，⽇复⼀⽇，年复⼀年地把⼏乎同样的螺母拧到螺钉上，⼜怎么能不发疯呢？” 2.That most working people do not， in fact， go mad is due in large measure to a phenomenon so common that it is found wherever people labor in industry： taking it easy.（para.1） That most working people do not， in fact， go mad 是主语从句，that 是只起连接作⽤，不在句中担任任何成分。