7.舵和螺旋桨

7舵和螺旋桨构造(Rudder and Screw Propeller)舵和螺旋桨是船舶的重要操纵设备。

舵的作用是改变船的航向，螺旋桨的作用是产生推动船前进的动力。

7.1 各种类型舵的结构图7.1.1舵的类型types of rudder(I) 半平衡舵semi-balanced rudder(II) 悬挂舵spade rudder(III) 多支承舵multi-pintle rudder(IV) 三支点平衡舵three bearing balanced rudder(V) 穿心舵轴平衡舵penetrating spindle balanced rudder（I）（II）（III）（IV）（V）图7.1.2平板舵结构(不平衡舵) single plate rudder○1 上舵杆 upper rudder stock ○2 连接法兰 joint flange, coupling flange ○3 上舵销 upper rudder pintle ○4 舵钮 rudder gudgeon, rudder brace ○5 舵臂 rudder arm ○6 中舵销 intermediate rudder pintle ○7 下舵杆 lower rudder stock ○8 舵板 rudder plate ○9 下舵销 lower rudder pintle图7.1.3 流线型舵结构（平衡舵） streamlined rudder construction ○1 舵杆 rudder stock ○2 舵面板 rudder surface plate ○3 水平肋板 horizontal floor ○4 焊接衬板 weld backing ○5 垂直舵板 vertical rudder plate ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4 ○5 ○6 ○7 ○8 ○9 图7.1.2 平板舵结构图7.1.4 流线型舵装置 streamlined rudder gear○1 舵杆 rudder stock ○2 吊环眼 hoisting ring eye ○3 舵顶板 rudder top plate ○4 水平法兰接头 horizontal flange joint ○5 垂直法兰接头 vertical flange joint ○6 上舵轴衬套 upper rudder axle sleeve (liner) ○7 上轴承 upper bearing ○8 舵面板 rudder surface plate ○9 中间舵轴衬套 middle sleeve (liner) ○10 横向肋板 transverse floor ○11 下舵轴衬套 lower rudder axle sleeve (liner) ○12 下轴承 lower bearing ○13 衬套 sleeve, liner ○14 舵轴承座 rudder axle support ○15 舵底板 rudder bottom plate ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4 ○5 图7.1.3 流线型舵结构○16 竖向肋板 vertical floor ○17 舵底塞 plug ○18 舵轴 rudder axle ○19 圆螺母 circular nut图7.1.5 特种舵 special type rudder(a ) 整流帽舵 bulb type rudder(b ) 主动舵 active rudder(c ) 襟翼舵 flaptype rudder○1 主舵 main rudder ○2 副舵 auxiliary rudder ○3 太阳齿轮 sun gear ，sun wheel ○1 ○5 ○2 ○3 ○4 ○6 ○7 ○8 ○9 ○10 ○11 ○12 ○13 ○14 ○15 ○16 ○17 ○18 ○19 图7.1.4 流线型舵装置○4行星齿轮planetary gear(d) 反应舵reaction rudder（a）整流帽舵（b）主动舵○3○4○2○1（d）反应舵（c）襟翼舵图7.1.5 特种舵7.2 舵设备图7.2.1操舵装置布置arrangement of steering gear ○1上甲板upper deck○2舵扇rudder quadrant○3电动舵机electric rudder gear○4上舵承upper rudder bearing○5舵机平台steering gear platform○6舵杆rudder stock○7舵杆套筒rudder stock trunk○8下舵承lower rudder bearing○9艉框stern frame○10舵叶rudder blade○11螺旋桨screw, screw propeller○12舵底枢rudder bottom gudgeon○2○1○3○4○5○6○7○8○9○10○11○12图7.2.1 操舵装置布置图7.2.2 舵承rudder bearing (carrier)(a) 上舵承upper rudder bearing (carrier)○1衬套sleeve○2止推滚珠轴承thrust ball bearing○3舵承体ruder carrier○4螺栓bolt○5填料stuffing○6舵承盖rudder bearing cover(b) 下舵承lower rudder bearing○1挡板baffle○2水密填料watertight stuffing○3螺钉screw○4舵杆衬套rudder stock liner○5衬套sleeve○6填料stuffing○7本体rudder bearing body○8压盖dogging cover○9螺栓bolt(c) 只设上舵承upper rudder bearing (carrier)only ○1舵杆rudder stock○2滚珠轴承ball bearing○3水密填料watertight stuffing○4底座base, seat○5甲板deck○6衬套sleeve图7.2.3 齿扇式电动舵机 quadrant steering gear○1 舵杆 rudder stock ○2 舵扇 rudder quadrant ○3 缓冲弹簧 buffer spring, damped spring ○4 舵柄 tiller ○5 齿轮 gear ○6 电动机 electric motor ○7 蜗轮 wormwheel ○8 蜗杆 worm○1 ○2 ○4 ○3 ○5 ○6 ○7 ○8 ○6 ○6 ○1 ○5 ○9 ○3 ○2 ○4 ○5 ○8 ○3 ⑦ ○4○2○1 ○4 ○3 ○2○1 ○5 ○6 （a ）上舵承 （b ）下舵承 （c ）只设上舵承 图7.2.2 舵承图7.2.4 a 液压操舵系统hydraulic steering system○1舵轮steering wheel○2舵角指示器rudder angle indicator○3电动舵角指示接收器electric rudder angle receiver ○4伞型齿轮bevel gear○5补充液压油柜replenishing tank○6液压泵hydraulic pump○7安全阀safety valve○8液压缸hydraulic cylinder○9活塞杆piston rod○10注入盖filling cap○11滑箱slide box○12十字头crosshead○13舵柄tiller○14舵杆rudder stock○15连杆connecting rod○16舵叶rudder blade○1○2○3○10○4○11○5○12○13○6○14○7○8○9○15○16图7.2.4 b 液压遥控操舵系统hydraulic remote-steering system ○1液压信号发送器transmitter○2舵轮steering wheel○3操舵台steering stand○4舵机室steering gear room○5滑动锤sliding ram○6伺服器十字头cross head of servo device○7连接头joint○8伺服器servo device○9连杆connecting rod○10舵叶rudder blade○11电动机electric motor○12液压缸hydraulic cylinder○13舵柄tiller○14游动连杆floating link○15动力液压泵driving hydraulic pump○1○2○4○5○3○12○6○7○13○14○15○8○11○9○10图7.2.4 b液压遥控操舵系统7.3 螺旋桨图7.3.1 螺旋桨的结构construction of screw propeller ○1桨叶blade○2桨毂boss○3整流帽nose cone○4尾轴tail shaft图7.3.2 螺旋桨桨叶各部位名称names of blade parts ○1导边leading edge○2随边trailing edge○3叶面blade face○4叶背back of blade, back○5叶根blade root○6叶梢blade tip○1○4○3○2图7.3.1 螺旋桨的结构○2○1○3○5○4○6图7.3.2 螺旋桨桨叶各部位名称图7.3.3 可变螺距螺旋桨variable pitch screw propeller○1可转动桨叶turnable blade○2整流帽nose cone○3桨毂boss○1○2○3正车停车倒车图7.3.3 可变螺距螺旋桨图7.3.4 可变螺距螺旋桨结构construction of variable pitch screw propeller○1可转动桨叶turnable blade○2滚柱轴承roller bearing○3桨毂boss○4活塞杆piston rod○5空心主轴hollow shaft○6跟踪拉杆tracking rod○7操纵杆control rod, joystick○8○9进油管oil intake pipe○10控制阀control valve○11杆头spar head○12叶根销子pin○13活塞piston图7.3.5 转动导管螺旋桨 turnable shrouded (ducted) screw ○1 艉突体 stern counter ○2 转轴 axle ○3 舵叶 rudder blade ○4 螺旋桨尾轴 tail shaft ○5 导管 conductor tube ○6 桨叶 screw blade ○7 尾轴支架 propeller shaft bracket○1 ○7 ○8 ○9 ○2 ○12 ○3 ○4 ○5 ○6 ○10 ○11 ○13 图7.3.4 可变螺距螺旋桨结构○1 ○2 ○3 ○4 ○5 ○7 ○6图7.3.6 回转式螺旋推进器 rotary screw propeller○1 转盘 rotating disk ○2 垂直轴 vertical shaft ○3 带导管螺旋桨 shrouded screw图7.3.7 直叶推进器 Voith-Scheider propeller, cycloidal propeller ○1 垂直转动轴 vertical shaft ○2 转盘 rotating disk ○3 直叶角度偏心调节装置 eccentricing adjusting gear ○4 直叶 cycloidal blade○1 ○2 ○3 图7.3.6 回转式螺旋推进器 ○1 ○2 ○3 ○4。