《中西文化对比》第二章 第一讲 汉英文化比较
中西方文化差异英文版ppt课件-18页精品文档
The western people’s opinion about loving is that “if we are well acquainted with each other ,let us go together.”And they will not contact loving with marriage.
China
Western
Vs
countries
Education
Section one
Section two
Section three
Valurn countries
Care about the reputation in educating in the child.
• Group members : Liuchenxu Baishuangcheng Meiqibing Chenyihui Liliangxiu Duanqingqi
Using the encouraging language.
Pay great attention to individual quality and the emotional communication.
Eating and drinking
Section one
Section two
Section three
Our topic:
The culture difference between china and western countries .
Differences
Section one
Section two
Section three
Education Eating and drinking Loving and marriage
中西方文化差异英文版-PPT文档资料17页
1.Greeting and Parting
• In China, When people meet acquaintances or friends, we always say ,“Have you eaten yet?” What are you going to do?”
East&West
when we talk to the westerns, we must avoid asking some questions like this:
“How old are you?” “Are you married？” “How many children do
4. Thanks and Responses
In China,“Thank you” is not frequently used between intimate friends and family members because it may imply a certain distance between the addresser and the addressee.
• In English, people often employ the following expressions to greet each other “Good morning/evening/afternoon. “Fine day, isn’t it? ”How is everything going?”,etc.
Different cultural factors may result in cultural differences.
中西文化比较(英文版ppt)
1.Introduction
Table manner is an important part of cross-cultural communication. Chinese and Western people have been deeply influenced by different
social cultures, historical cultures and various social backgrounds, so
Every culture in the world is equal, We should avoid using our own culture, morality and value to judge foreign culture. We should treat foreign culture objectively .
Chinese
Western
In western meals , they use so much table wares with different kinds and sizes. the use of table wares also shows different food culture in different countries, the main table wares in western are knives, forks , spoons , glass and napkin.
吵闹和安静是中西方餐桌气氛最主要的不同之处。中 国的餐桌气氛总是吵闹的，而且最热闹越好。而西方 的餐桌文化总是安静的。
In china
People begin to talk at the time they sit down, and they would keep talking during the whole dinner. Everybody at the table talking, drinking, eating, and enjoying the pulsating(活跃的) atmosphere. Noisy atmosphere can reflect the guests’ happiness from their hearts.
第一讲：汉英语言文化对比及汉译英的原则
前重心与后重心
英语句子和汉语句子的重心一般都 落在结果,结论 假设或事实上; 结论,假设或事实上 落在结果 结论 假设或事实上 但是重心的位置不同:英语句子一般 但是重心的位置不同 英语句子一般 是前重心;汉语句子一般是后重心 汉语句子一般是后重心. 是前重心 汉语句子一般是后重心
三分与二分
从英汉对比的角度看， 从英汉对比的角度看，英汉两种语言的句子结构 常式不同，英语句子结构常式为“三分” 常式不同，英语句子结构常式为“三分”，即 SVO，（教材 ，（教材 ，（教材p37-41）汉语句子结构常式为“ ）汉语句子结构常式为“ 两分” 和说明comment） 两分”，即TC（话题 （话题topic和说明 和说明 ） 。 英语是注重主语的语言， 英语是注重主语的语言，汉语是注重话题的语言 见教材P41）。 （见教材 ） 英语句子的三分结构是语法的 的三分结构是语法的， 英语句子的三分结构是语法的，语法的句子结构 注重形式的严谨性，所谓严谨性， 注重形式的严谨性，所谓严谨性，暴扣主谓一致 关系，动宾支配关系， 关系，动宾支配关系，性，数，时态等等的配合 汉语句子的二分结构是语义的 的二分结构是语义的， 。汉语句子的二分结构是语义的，语义的句子结 构注重内容的意会性。所谓意会性， 构注重内容的意会性。所谓意会性，就是一句话 的意思是需要由意境去意会的， 的意思是需要由意境去意会的，话题虽是主要的 但不一定是必有的，结构上可以省略等等。 ，但不一定是必有的，结构上可以省略等等。
句子扩展模式
汉语: 汉语:逆线性延伸 (open首开放性 (open-beginning) 尾封闭性(close (close尾封闭性(close-ending) 句首开放性(左分支) 句首开放性(左分支)
对. 不对. 不对. 他不对. 他不对. 我认为他不对. 我认为他不对. 我告诉过你我认为他不对. 我告诉过你我认为他不对. 我明明告诉过你我认为他不对. 我明明告诉过你我认为他不对. 我开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对. 我开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对. 我昨天开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对. 我昨天开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对.
中西文化比较 第2版unit 1The Chinese and Western Philosophy
② She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck. 她认为她的成功来自勤劳和一点运气。
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① The sun rises, reaches its zenith and sets. 太阳升起，达到最高点，然后落下。
② His career is now at its zenith. 他的事业现在处于鼎盛时期。
Text A
Notes 7. scenario n.
a postulated sequence of possible events
② Today’s announcement ends months of speculation. 今天的声明使得几个月来的种种猜测就此烟消云散。
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Text A
Notes 5. obscure adj.
① difficult to understand ② not well known
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① The contracts are written in obscure language. 这些合同的语言晦涩难懂。
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Text A
Notes 2. epistemology n.
the part of philosophy that deals with knowledge
① Epistemology is also the foundation of Wang’s theory. 认识论也是王阳明理论的基础。
Notes 8. implement v./n.
中西文化差异(英文ppt)
• SelfAwareness
• In the western countries, people always talk about individual rights, instead of placing the whole society above your own self.
• This is clearly different in China where a country, society or family are placed above your own self.
• Western education is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realistic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.
Differences in wedding
• In western countries the bride always in her white wedding gown and their wedding will be host in a church.
• In our China the bride and bridegroom would in red because we believe the red color reprsents lucky and the wedding would be host in the bridegroom’s house
Cultural differences between western and Chinese
第二章中西文化差异、汉英语言、句法、篇章对比
第二章汉英翻译基础知识汉英翻译与文化１．文化的定义♦现代汉语词典♦OALED (Oxford Advanced Learner‟s English-Chinese Dictionary)♦美国著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达将语言文化特性分五类：1．Ecology生态学2．Material Culture物质文化3．Social Culture社会文化4．Religious Culture宗教文化5．Linguistic Culture语言文化♦文化是人类在社会历史发展中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和．２．文化、语言与汉英翻译的关系♦Some social scientists regard language as a keystone of culture. Language reflects culture. Without language, culture would not be possible.♦On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as the approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.That's to say, language and culture interact. They can't be separated from each other.♦王佐良说：翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。
不了解语言当中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言。
中西文化对比与汉英翻译讲稿
第一章翻译简史（中外翻译理论沿革）翻译是语际交流中沟通不同语言的桥梁。
它是一种实践性很强的跨文化交际活动。
翻译不单是语言的转换，更是文化的转换。
英汉两种语言在谱系、文字系统、语音、词汇、语法、篇章、语用等方面均有较大的差异，这些差异是它们在物质文化与制度文化不同的社会中产生和发展、被具有不同心理文化的人长期使用而形成的。
由于这两种语言具有不同的特征，反映不同的文化，英汉语相互转换的机制应该是不同的。
所以，翻译活动应该是这样一种活动，即把一种语言的信息用另一种语言表达出来，使译文读者能得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。
1 、翻译的概念2 、翻译的性质3 、翻译在外语教学中的地位4 、翻译与其他学科的关系5 、翻译的分类6 、译者的素养7 、翻译市场的现状8 、翻译工具箱1、翻译的概念翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整的重新表达出来的语言活动。
---张培基（1980）Catford ：Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).Peter Newmark ：To translate is to change into another language, retaining as much of the sense as one can.Malcolm Cowley：Translation is an art that involves the re-creation of a work in another language for readers with a different background.Eugene Nida：奈达定义的三个优点明确地说明了要译的是什么（信息message）暗示了由于语言文化上的差异，原文和译文只能做到相对的对等（closest）考虑了译文的可接受性Some Definitions by Modern Translation TheoristsGideon Toury：―A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target cultur：e, on whatever grounds.‖Christiane Nord―Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.‖Jean Sager：―Translation is an externally motivated industrial activity, supported by information technology, which is diversified in response to the particular needs of this fo rm of communication.‖吕俊：―翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换活动，其本质是传播，是传播学中一个有特殊性质的领域。
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文化的广狭之分
Big C culture (achievement culture) refers to such things as education, history, geography, institutions, literature, art, music, etc. “第一种文化”、”狭义的文
化”、”正式文化”、”知识文化”。 Culture as ‘high
civilization’ （胡文仲）
Small c culture (behavior culture) means the way of life of a people, including values, beliefs, perceptions.
5 .Good things happen to good people.
6.The beautiful always die young.
7.Life is but an empty dream. 8.一个译者对什么事都要略知一二，对一些事情还要做到无所不
知。 9.她学习优秀，性格温顺，深得老师喜欢。 10.He had to cook for himself. 12.刚刚一场及时雨，那人为草坪 浇水，真是画蛇添足。 11。Sing different songs on different mountains.
10.他的饭得自己做。
11.到什么山唱什么歌。
12.The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying
coals to Newcastle.
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1.When the conversation gets disagreeable, to say one word more is a waste of time.
culture 黄土、农耕文明
culture 海洋、商业文明
槁木死灰
Hoist (raise)your sail when the wind
骨瘦如柴
is fair.
对牛弹琴
Still waters run deep.
滚石不生苔
In a calm sea, every man is a pilot.
众人拾柴火焰高
A small leak will sink a great ship.
竹篮打水一场空
a sea of debt
挥金如土
a sea of smiles
between the devil and the deep sea
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语言和文化密不可分
语言是文化的一部分，文化又无时无刻影响着语言。
第二讲
中西语言及文化差异比较
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1.话不投机半句多。
2.I had never watched a woman cry without feeling responsible before. 3 .别人的仇恨大如山，王贵的仇恨大如天。
4.American ‘s culture, built on the primacy of individual choice and self-fulfillment ,is ill-suited to requirement of married life, which brought as much unhappiness as happiness to people ,especially to women, even in its heyday.
5.好人有好报。
6.自古红颜多薄命。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
7.人生如梦。
8.A translator has to know something of everything, and
everything of something.
9.Her good work and obedience have pleased her teacher.
文化
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奈达的分类 Ecology 生态文化 Material Culture 物质文化 Social Culture 社会文化 Religious Culture 宗教文化 Linguistic Culture 语言文化
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中英文化差异
The Loess & Agriculture-based The Blue Sea & Commodity-based
The totality of social and cultural practices of the whole Society.
“That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art,
morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits
2.这是我第一次看着一个女人流泪，而且不必对她的眼泪负责。
3 .If other’s hate is a mountain, WangGui ‘s hate is the sky. 4.尊重个人选择和崇尚个人成就是美国文化的基础和核心，这与
婚姻生活的要求是不符合的。对于美国人而言，尤其女性， 即使在最甜蜜的时期，婚姻生活也是幸福和不幸参半。
:Follow different customs in different places.
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第一节 文化和语言的关系
文化的定义：共有近三百多种定义，不同角度涵盖面最广、 最精确的是Edward Tylor 1871年在《原始文化》一书中提出的： “所谓文化和文明乃是包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、 习俗以及包括作为社会成员的个人而获得的其他任何能力、 习惯在内的一种综合体。”
“第二种文化”、”广义的文化”、“普通文化”、“交际文化”
Culture as a set of traits （胡文仲）
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文化语言学的分类法
物质文化(material culture) 制度文化(institutional culture) 精神文化( mental culture)：心理文化和观念