高三专题高考英语阅读理解猜词题解答技巧
教案
【答案与解析】
1.C under-estimate是一个派生词，根据构词法知识，under-estimate是在动词estimate前加上前缀under-(在……以下，低于……)，因而under-estimate应该表示“低估”。
2.B workout是一个复合名词，它是由短语动词work out转换来的名词，短语动词work out用作及物动词性质，含有“解决, 设计出,计算出”，用作不及物性质，表示“锻炼，消耗完”，而名词workout也应该具有这些含义，根据单词所在句意分析可知这里表示“锻炼”，类似构成形式还有如break through→breakthrough(突破),break out→breakout(爆发),take off→takeoff(起飞), come in→income(收入),put out→output(输出，产出),stand out→outstanding(出类拔萃的，杰出的)等。
3.A vertebrates的含义，就可以根据后面which means these animals have a bony skeleton to surpport their bodies句子来分析理解其含义为“脊椎动物”因此答案选A项。
4.D spontaneous的含义可以根据该单词后面rather than planned in advance分析spontaneous与planned in advance相反，表示“没被计划过的，没有预先计划安排的” 因此答案选D项。
5.C pseudonym的含义可以通常对美国作家O. Henry所了解的文学常识来猜测，我们知道O Henry 是William Sydney Porter发表作品时所用的笔名，因此这里的生词pseudonym应该表示“笔名”。
6.A netgain 含义可以通过上下文内容中所提供的线索和暗示来判断，前面提到的lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs以及the state had a net gain of two million jobs句意分析可知其含义为“净增加”。
7.A cryosurgery需要我们根据诊断内容进行概括归纳得出：我们阅读整个段落内容后发现，整个内容都是围绕cryosurgery展开描述和议论的，根据整个段落内容分析可知，这是一种利用超低温技术来杀死身体内变异组织的外科治疗方法，因此答案选A项。
8.B 对climate的含义理解值得我们重视，尽管这是一个熟词，表示“气候，天气”，在我们阅读短文后发现这里的climate并不表示“气候，天气”，根据上下文内容分析可知这里应该表示“条件condition 或情况situation”，从而选出正确答案为B项。
9.C 要弄清人称代词they指代什么，首先要我们认真阅读该段内容，根据前面内容The coaches pick promising football players from the high schools, and recommend可知这些教练挑选一些有培养希望的足球运动员推荐给高校人们他们应该享受奖学金，因此这里they指代的是“那些有培养前途的足球选手”。
高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧[课件].ppt
![高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧[课件].ppt](https://360docs-1393072327.cos.ap-beijing.myqcloud.com/71a433a94b35eefdc9d33304.webp)
Skills for guessing unknown words:
1. The lion has its “territory” , which is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.
“territory” means _a_n__a_r_e_a__(_t_hat---own) 定语从句或其后的句子其动实物是地一盘种定义或解释 2. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. The underlined word means____. A.strong B. determined C. kind D. clever
…ect.
(1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）＋work＝overwork“工 作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不 满意的”。
2.. Unlike his brother, Hobart is quite ______.
Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome
person, Hobart is quite __op_rld_ai_inn_a/_hr_yo_-ml_o_eo_lky.ing
高考英语阅读解题 方法指导－－－
一、猜词技巧
高中英语阅读理解之猜词题(思维导图+练习含答案)
阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
一、思维导图二、方法点拨1. 设问方式•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the pa ssage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?2. 七大技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。
标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：例子1Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。
(完整版)高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。
如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨猜测单词或短语的含义
高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。
每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。
常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。
1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。
常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。
用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。
有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。
例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。
高考英语阅读理解猜词技巧
Welcome to our warm family ！
汇报人姓名
汇报日期
Let’s have a dictation : remind sb of sth, concentrate on, lose sight of, focus on, take it easy, contribution, 7 absorb, vocabulary.
根据大纲的要求，考生必须要掌握3500左右的词汇;刚出台的新大纲规定今年的高考英语试题新增加240多个生词，广东省高考增加了95个词，这无疑加大了试题的难度，特别是阅读理解题中生词出现率就更大了，可以推断出根据上下文猜测新词的意义的题目要求就更高了。
The latest news:
1
2
Now, let’s come to the guessing of new words in the passage.
这种题常见的提问方式有：
The most effective way to find out the meaning of the word in the context:
根据上下文情景进行猜测
(2004年全国卷I,B篇) [原文] So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her "Change for Change" effort has collected $ 40,000 for charities(慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students.
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略高考考情分析解读：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看，词义猜测题一般有1－2题。
考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子：(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to？(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有：The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”．What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构：代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧[课件]
转化 Conversion
大家好
表否定 un-, non-, in-, dis-
表相反 un-, de-, dis-, counter-
错误失当 mis-, mal-, pseudo-
prefix
表向背 pro-, anti表程度 arch-, super-, ultra- ,
over-, under-, mini-, semi- ,
超自然的
They caught the emotional landscape
from heartbreak to joy, but share the 风景
undeniable longing for recovery and hope.
(2010深一模) 不可否认的 大家好
合成 Compounding
legend
大家好
词义理解题常见的题型有: 1. The word “…” refers to / probably means/
could best be replaced by _____.
2. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
3. The underlined sentence “…” means ______.
3.对代词的猜测
The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to______.
4.对句义的猜测
When I got back out into the street, the world seemed
brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧导语：阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
下面就由小编为大家介绍高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧，大家一起去学习吧！猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。
这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。
这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。
事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
这种题常见的提问方式有：The word “…” in paragraph … can best be replaced by … ….The underlined word “…” most probably means ….By saying “…”, the author means …The expression “…” is closest to …According to the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …The underlined part “… …” (in Para. … ) means …..做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。
猜测词义时，一般可利用以下三个方面的线索：一．针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1．根据定义（definition）猜测词义如果生词有一个句子或段落来定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧
高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
同学们应加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。
由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等，因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。
命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，同学们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有：（一）根据构词法判断词义三种构词法，即合成、转化、派生，是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。
合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义；转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思，常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化；派生法：由一个词根加前缀（p refix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。
一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。
所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀，我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。
（二）根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力。
语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章。
我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境。
1.小语境(1)定义式常用的词有：be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,be c alled,define,represent,refer to等。
例1：Mark Twain was not the author‘s real name;it w as a pseudonym.例2：Mechanized farming means the use of modern m achinery on farms.(2)例举式常用词有：for example,for instance,such as,like等。
例1：Newly-married young people often spend some o f their money on appliances,for instance,washing-machines,r efrigerators and televisions.例2：Doctors suggest that everyone should exercise ev ery day,especially those who do sedentary work，like readi ng,typing and sewing.(3)重述式常用词有：and,or,similarly,that is(to say),in other words, namely,say,i.e.等例1：Red had the longest wavelength;that is,the distan ce between each wave is longest in redlight than in any ot her color.例2：The football player was penalized for his rudene ss and the punishment was a good lesson for him.(4)同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。
高三英语阅读理解之猜词技巧
现吨市安达阳光实验学校猜词技巧一．在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。
其实阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。
我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。
猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：二．根据各种已知信息推测下列划线单词的词义。
1. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there isa dry period, or drought.2. Within days, food often spoils or become unsafe to eat.3. Today young couples who are just starting their households often spendlots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.4．Biggest power failure in the city’s history. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.5. He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.6. One night Mrs.Rochester succeeded in setting the house on fire. Mr.Rochester managed to lead the servants to safety and then went back into the burning mansion to rescue his wife.7. Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.8. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed.9. .She read my letter slowly +to the end and then tore it to shreds.10. Car rentals (出租) are becoming more and more popular as aninexpensive way of taking to the roads.11. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived inthe middle of her first class.1、同义词、近义词反义词1）Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. Theyalso regard drinking as harmful.2）At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from thebank.1)eg.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.2)Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, allmy friends abhorred it.3）If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”2、义、解释或举例1）.He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study ofplants.2）. A birds sanctuary is a place where birds can breed and take refusefrom hunters.3）. Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people ; one player tries to get the other down on the floor.3、因果关系--- since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（卷）A．full of respect B．too confident and rudeC．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet4、标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.A.dictionariesB. story-booksC. magazinesD. newspapers5、经验和常识In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.三．高考题1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(NMET，卷)65.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”(in Para.3) means that the colours_______.A. attracted the customers stronglyB. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shoppingD. caused the customers to lose interest２. Fermat]s Last Theorem(理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. (NMET2003,C篇,65)65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination.3. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can bea basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother oftwo, ages 4 and 18 months. (NMET2002,E篇,74)74.What does the under lined word ‘hassle’probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests．4. In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.I find that creativity (创)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (流利程度).68. The underlined words "waiting for the hell" in the first paragraph probably mean _________A. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bellC. expecting the end of the classD. wanting to speak in class5. Members of the working class have blue-collar jobs. They are construction workers, truckdrivers, mechanics, steel workers, electricians, and the like. What makes this class differ fromthe lower class is, first, longer periods of employment -- and therefore, more fixed incomes —and, second, employment in skilled or semiskilled (半熟练的 ) occupations, not unskilledones. Although unemployment hits all levels of the American economy, including those of skilled and semi-skilled workers, it is most common at the bottom of the class structure and increasingly less common at each level upward. They consider themselves to be respectable and hard working and they look down upon members of the "lower" class, whom they often consider to be lazy, dis-honest, and too ready to exploit public assistance. (06.)65. The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means .A. strike with a blowB. have bad effects onC. break uD. break6. When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know. (06.)69. The underlined phrase "turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably means .A. leave forB. return toC. give upD. rely on答案有害的 adj. get worse a kind of raincoat 厌恶，憎恨不赞成；不同意D B C C B C。