生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表
《生物化学》重要术语中英语对照
《生物化学》重要术语中英语对照碳水化合物（carbohydrate）单糖（monosaccharide）寡糖（oligosaccharide）多糖（polysaccharide）醛糖（aldose）酮糖（ketose）蔗糖（sucrose）乳糖（lactose）麦芽糖（maltose）纤维二糖（cellobiose）多糖（polysaccharides）淀粉（starch）直链淀粉（amylose）支链淀粉（amylopectin）纤维素（cellulose）半纤维素（hemicellulose）糖原（glycogen）几丁质（chitin）糖胺聚糖（glycosaminolgycan）脂类（lipids）脂肪酸（fatty acid）甘油三酯（glycerol triester）亲水脂类（amphipathic lipids）蜡（wax）磷酸甘油脂（phosphoglyceride）甘油磷脂（glycerophospholipid）磷脂酰胆碱（phosphatidylcholine）磷脂酰乙醇胺（phosphatidylethanolamine）磷脂酰丝氨酸（phoshatidylserine）磷脂酰肌醇（phosphatidylinositol, PI）肌醇三磷酸（inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate，IP3）二脂酰甘油（diacylglycerol，DAG）磷脂酸（phosphatidic acid，PA）磷脂酶A2（phospholipase A2，PLA2）磷脂酶C（phospholipase C，PLC）磷脂酶D（phospholipase D，PLD）溶血磷脂(1ysophospholipid)鞘磷脂（sphingomyelin）神经酰胺（ceramide）类固醇（steroids）萜类（terpenes）胆固醇（cholesterol）麦角固醇（ergosterol）蛋白质protein简单蛋白质simple protein氨基酸amino acid结合蛋白质conjugated protein多肽polypeptide肽peptide肽键peptide bond介电常数dielectric constant范德华力van der waals force层析法chromatography吸附层析法adsorption chromatography分配系数partition or distribution confficient活性肽active peptide二硫键disulfide bond兼性离子zwitterion一级结构primary structure疏水效应hydrophobic effectSDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳SDS-PAGE毛细管电泳（capillary eletrophoresis, CE）离子交换层析ion exchange chromatography 同源蛋白homologous protein构象conformation构象角conformatiomal angle糖脂（glycolipid）糖基甘油酯（glycosylglyceride）鞘糖脂（glycosphingolipid）脑苷脂（cerebroside）N-乙酰神经氨酸（N-acetylneuraminic acid）神经节苷脂（ganglioside）硫酸脑苷脂（cerebroside sulfate）糖蛋白（glycoproteins）蛋白聚糖（proteoglycans）生物膜（biomembrane）膜脂（membrane lipids）膜蛋白（membrane proteins）脂质双层分子（lipid bilayers）外周蛋白（peripheral protein）外源性（extrinsic protein）内在蛋白（integral protein）内源性蛋白（intrinsic protein）跨膜蛋白（transmembrane proteins）流动镶嵌模型（fluid mosaic model）简单扩散（simple diffusion）协助扩散（facilitated diffusion）被动运输（passive transport）主动运输（active transport）介导性运输（mediated transport）非介导性运输（nonmediated transport）载体蛋白（carrier protein）通道蛋白（channel protein）离子通道（ionic channel）离子载体（ionophore）内吞作用（endocytosis）胞饮作用”（pinocytosis）外排作用（exocytosis）基团转移（group translocation）脂蛋白（lipoprotein）染色体（chromosome）染色质（chromatin）组蛋白（histone）核小体（nucleosome）病毒（virus）噬菌体（bacteriophage或简称phage）变性denaturation沉降系数（S）Svedberg(S)抗体antibody亲和层析法affinity chromatography 盐溶salting in盐析salting out二级结构secondary structure三级结构tertiary structureα-螺旋α-helix超二级结构super-secondaery structure 结构域structure domain氢键hydrogen bend疏水相互作用hydrophoblic interaction 肌红蛋白myoglobin寡聚蛋白质oligomeric protein无规则卷曲randon coil复性renaturation镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle-cell anermia 酶（enzyme）酶的专一性（specificity）单体酶（monomeric enzyme）寡聚酶（oligomeric enzyme）多酶复合体系（multienzyme system）酶活性中心（active center of enzyme）催化基团（catalytic site）酶原（zymogen or proenzyme）诱导契合（induced-fit theory）抗体酶（abzyme）酸碱催化（acid-base catalysis）共价催化(covalent catalysis)激活剂（activator）抑制剂（inhibitor）可逆抑制（reversible inhibition）竞争性抑制作用（competitive inhibition）非竞争性抑制作用（noncompetitive inhibition）调节酶（modulator）别构酶（allosteric enzyme）同配位效应（isosteric effect）变构效应（allosteric effect）变构激活（allosteric activation ）正协同效应（positive cooperative effect）负协同效应（negative cooperative effect）效应物（effector）维生素（vitamin）维生素缺少症（avitaminosis）调节中心（regulatory center）催化亚基（catalytic subunit）调节亚基（regulatory subunit）诱导酶（induced enzyme）结构酶（structural enzyme）核酶（ribozyme）辅酶（coenzyme）比活力（specific activity）脱氧核酶（deoxyribozyme）酶工程（enzyme engineering）酶纯度（purity of enzyme）酶活力（enzyme activity）α-淀粉酶（α-amylase）β-淀粉酶（β-amylase）脱支酶（debranching enzyme）淀粉的磷酸化酶（amylophosphorylase）糖酵解（glycolysis）三羧酸循环（tricarboxylic acid cycle，TCA）磷酸戊糖途径（pentose phosphate pathway，PPP）生物氧化（biological oxidation）烟酰胺脱氢酶类（nicotinamide dehydrogenase）黄素脱氢酶类（flavin dehydrogenase）铁硫蛋白类（iron-sulfur protein）泛醌（ubiquinone）细胞色素类（cytochromes）细胞色素氧化酶（cytochromeoxidase）鱼藤酮（rotenone）安密妥（amytal）杀粉蝶菌素（piericidine）抗霉素A（antimycin A）底物水平磷酸化（substrate-level phosphorylation）氧化磷酸化（oxidative phosphorylation）化学渗透假说（chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis）化学偶联假说（chemical coupling hypothesis）构象偶联假说（conformational coupling hypothesis）甘油-磷酸穿梭途径（glycerophosphate shuttle）苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭途径（malate- aspartate shuttle）异柠檬酸穿梭途径（isocitrate shuttle）能荷（energy charge）肉碱（肉毒碱，carnitine）乙醛酸体（乙醛酸循环体，glyoxysome）乙醛酸循环（glyoxylate cycle）酮体（ketone bodies）饱和脂肪酸的从头合成（de novo synthesis）谷氨酸脱氢酶（glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH）转氨基作用（transamination）转氨酶（transaminase）磷酸吡哆醛（pyridoxal phosphate，PLP）谷丙转氨酶（glutamic pyruvic transaminase，GPT或alanine transaminase，ALT）谷草转氨酶（glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase，GOT或aspartate transaminase，AST）γ-谷氨酰-半胱氨酸合成酶（γ-glutamyl systeine synthetase，γ-ECS）谷胱甘肽（glutathione）谷胱甘肽合成酶（glutathione synthetase）生物固氮（biological nitrogen fixation）固氮酶（nitrogenase）自身固氮微生物（diazatrophs）共生固氮微生物（symbiotic microorganism）硝酸还原酶（nitrate reductase，NR）亚硝酸还原酶（nitrite reductase，NiR）谷氨酸合酶（glutamate: oxo-glutarate aminotransferase，GOGA T）谷氨酰胺合成酶（glutamine synthetase，GS）腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸酐（adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate，APS）3'-磷酸腺酐-5'-磷酰硫酸（3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate，PAPS）5-磷酸核糖焦磷酸（phosphoribosyl pyrophosphaet，PRPP）天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶（aspartate trsnscarbamoy lase）腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（adenine phosphoribosyl fransferase，APRT）黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase，HGPRT）谷胱甘肽还原酶（glutathione reductase，GR）谷氧还蛋白（glutaredoxin）谷氧还蛋白还原酶（glutaredoxin reductase）胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合酶（thymidylate synthase）DNA复制（DNA replication）中心法则（central dogma）冈崎片段（Okazaki fragement）前导链（leading strand）滞后链（lagging strand）引物（primer）复制叉（replication fork）半保留式复制（semiconservative replication）模板（template）反转录（reverse transcription）转换（transition）颠换（transversion）错配修复（mismatch repair）核苷酸切除修复（nucleotide excision repair）碱基切除修复（base excision repair）同源重组（homologous recombination）特异性重组（site-specific recombination）转座子（transposon）启动子（promoter）限制性内切酶（restriction endonuclease ）修饰（modification）单链结合蛋白（single stranded binding proteins, SSB）遗传密码（genetic code）读码框架（reading frame）移码突变（frame-shift mutation）简并性（degeneracy）同义密码子（synonymous codon）起始密码子（initiatlon codon）终止密码子（termination codon）摆动假说（wobble hypothesis)同功受体tRNA（isoaccepting tRNA）反密码子（anticodon）多核糖体（polyribisome）氨酰-tRNA合成酶（aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase）Shine –Dalgarno序列（Shine –Dalgarno sequence）起始因子（initiation factor）延伸因子（elongation factor）释放因子（release factor）转肽（transpeptidation）移位（translocation）分子伴侣（molecular chapeones）共翻译转移（co-translational translocation）翻译后转移（post-translational translocation）信号肽（signal sequence）信号识别颗粒（signal recognition particle SPR）代谢（metabolism）代谢调节（metabolic regulation）共价修饰（covalent modification）反馈抑制（feedback inhibition）操纵子模型（operon model）衰减作用（attenuation）级联放大作用（amplification cascade）变（别）构效应（allosteric effect）诱导和阻遏（induction and repression）蛋白激酶C （protein kinase C，PKC）第二信使（second messenger）受体（receptor）G 蛋白（guanosine triphosphate-binding protein）信号转导（signal transduction）钙调素（calmodulin，CaM）磷酯酶（phospholipase C，PLC）。
生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表
zincfinger
锌指
transformation
转化
transfection
转染
transduction
转导
transposition
转座
transposon
转座子
recombination
重组
homologousrecombination
同源重组
clone
克隆
cloning
克隆化
copy
不可逆性抑制
metalactivatedenzyme
金属激活酶
reversibleinhibition
可逆性抑制
coenzyme
辅酶
competitiveinhibition
竞争性抑制
prostheticgroup
辅基
non-competitiveinhibition
非竞争性抑制
essentialgroup
蛋白激酶A
cAMPresponseelement,CRE
cAMP应答元件
proteinkinaseC
蛋白激酶C
calmoduline,CaM
钙调蛋白
tyrosine-proteinkinase,TPK
酪氨酸蛋白激酶
autophosphorylation
自身磷酸化
proteinphosphatase
蛋白磷酸酶
重组修复
reversetranscriptase
逆转录酶
integration
整合
ribozyme
核酶
DNAdependentRNApolymerase
依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶
codingstrand
生物化学专业词汇及英汉对照.
癌基因oncogene艾滋病acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome,AIDS 氨喋呤anminopterin carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Ⅰ, CPS-Ⅰ氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ氨基末端amino terminal氨基酸amino acid氨基酸接纳茎acceptor stem氨基酸序列amino acid sequenceδ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸δ—aminolevulinic acid,ALA氨基酰-tRNA合成酶aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨基酰位aminoacyl site氨基转移酶aminotransferase氨甲喋呤methotrexate, MTX氨肽酶,氨基肽酶aminopeptidase胺氧化酶amine oxidase巴士德Pastuer靶细胞target cell白化病albinism白三烯leukotrienes,LTs摆动性wobble斑点印迹bot blotting半保留复制semi-conservative replication半不连续复制semi-discontinuous replication 半胱氨酸cysteine半乳糖galactose, Gal伴侣素chaperonins包涵体inclusion body胞苷cytidine胞嘧啶cytosine,C胞质小RNA small cytoplasmic RNA,scRNA 保守性转座conservative transposition苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylalanine hydroxylase 苯酮酸尿症phenyl ketonuria, PKU吡哆胺pyridoxamine吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需基团essential group必需激活剂essential activator编码链coding strand变构部位allosteric site变构调节allosteric regulation变构激活剂allosteric activator变构酶allosteric enzyme变构效应allosteric effect变构效应剂allosteric effector变构抑制剂allosteric inhibitor变性denaturation变性梯度胶电泳denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE 辨认位点recognition site标志补救marker rescue表达载体expression vector表构酶epimerase表观Km值apparent Km表面效应surface effect别嘌呤醇allopurinol丙氨酸-葡萄糖循环alanine-glucose cycle 丙酮acetone丙酮酸pyruvate丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase病毒癌基因virus oncogene,v-onc卟啉症porphyria补救合成途径salvage pathway不对称转录asymmetric transcription不可逆性抑制作用irreversible inhibition 参入incorporation残基residue残粒remnant操纵序列operator操纵子operon侧翼区flanking region层析chromatography层粘连蛋白laminin,Ln插入insertion插入序列insertion sequences, IS长末端重复序列long terminal repeat, LTR长萜醇dolichol肠肝循环bilinogen enterohepatic circulation,enterohepatic circulation超螺旋结构superhelix, supercoil超敏位点hypersensitive site超速离心ultra-centrifuge超速离心法ultracentrifugation超氧物歧化酶superoxide dismutase, SOD沉降系数sedimentation coefficient,S成肽peptide bond formation初级胆汁酸primary bile acids初级转录产物primary transcripts储脂细胞lipocyte串联酶tandem enzyme锤头结构hammerbead structure醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH次黄核苷inosine,I次黄嘌呤inosine次黄嘌呤核苷酸inosine monphosphate, IMP次黄嘌呤核苷酸转移酶adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, APRT 次级胆汁酸secondary bile acids从头合成途径de novo synthesis促红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO催化基团catalytic group催化型受体catalytic receptor催化性DNA DNAzyme催化性RNA catalytic RNA催化性小RNA small catalytic RNA脆性X综合征fragile X syndrome脆性位点fragile site错配mismatch大沟major groove代谢库metabolic pool单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase, MAO单纯酶simple enzyme单核苷酸多态性single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs单链DNA结合蛋白single stranded DNA binding protein, SSB单链构象多态性single strand conformation polymorphism, SSCP 单顺反子monocistron单体酶monomeric enzyme胆chole胆钙化醇cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇7a-羟化酶cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase胆固醇流出调节蛋白cholesterol-efflux regulatory protein, CERP胆固醇酯酶cholesteryl esterase胆红素bilirubin胆红素脑病bilirubin encephalopathy胆碱choline胆碱酯酶choline esterase胆绿素biliverdin胆绿素还原酶biliverdin reductase胆囊胆汁gallbladder bile胆色素bile pigment胆色素原prophobilinogen,PBG胆素bilin胆素原bilinogen胆酸cholic acid胆盐bile salts胆汁bile胆汁酸bile acids弹性蛋白酶elastase蛋白二硫键异构酶protein disulfide isomerase,PDI 蛋白激酶C protein kinase C,PKC蛋白聚糖proteoglycan蛋白聚糖聚合物aggrecan蛋白磷酸酶protein phophatase蛋白酶protease蛋白酶体proteasome,proteosome蛋白质protein蛋白质表达protein expression蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用protein-protein interaction蛋白质的靶向输送protein targeting蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation蛋白质数据库protein databasesDNA-蛋白质相互作用DNA-protein interaction蛋白质芯片protein chip蛋白质印迹技术Western blotting蛋白质转换protein turnover蛋白质组proteome蛋白质组学Proteomics氮平衡nitrogen balance倒位酶invertase等电点isoelectric point,pI等位基因特异寡核苷酸allele-specific ologonucleotide,ASO 低血糖diabetes mellitus低血糖症hypoglycemia底物substrate底物水平磷酸化substrate-level phosphorylation底物循环substrate cycle地心引力gravity第二信使secondary messenger点突变point mutation电穿孔electroporation电喷雾质谱electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ESI-MS电泳electrophoresis电子传递链electron transfer chain淀粉starchα-淀粉酶α-amylase凋亡apoptosis调节部位regulatory site调节酶regulatory enzymes调节子regulon定位候选基因克隆策略positional candidate gene approaches 定位克隆positional cloning定向排列orientation arrange杜氏肌营养不良症duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD端粒telomere端粒酶RNA human telomerase RNA,hTR端粒酶逆转录酶human telomerase reverse transcriptase,hTRT 端粒酶协同蛋白1human telomerase associated protein 1,hTP1 短串联重复序列short tandem repeat断裂基因splite gene钝性未端blunt end多胺polyamines多巴胺dopamine多不饱和脂酸polyunsaturated fatty acid多功能酶multifunctional enzyme多核糖体polyribosome多接头克隆位点polylinker cloning sites多聚核蛋白体polysome多聚核苷酸polynucleotides多聚体polymer多聚脱氧核苷酸polydeoxynucleotides多酶体系multienzyme system多顺反子polycistron多顺反子mRNA polycistronic mRNA多态性polymorphism多肽polypeptide多肽链polypeptide chain多样性片段diversity segment多元催化multielement catalysis鹅膏蕈碱amanitin鹅脱氧胆酸chenodeoxycholic acid儿茶酚胺catecholamine二次转酯反应twice transesterification二级结构secondary structure二甲基丙烯焦磷酸3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, DPP 二聚化dimerization二聚体dimer二氢叶酸合成酶dihydrofolic acid synthetase二氢叶酸还原酶dihydrofolate reductase二巯基丙醇British anti-Lewisite,proteosome,BAL二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acid, DHA二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二肽酶dipeptidase二硝基苯酚dinitrophenol,DNP发夹hairpin翻译起始复合物translational initiation complex反基因策略antigene strategy反竞争性抑制作用uncompetitive inhibition反密码子anticodon反式trans反式作用因子trans-acting factor反烯酰CoA异构酶trans enoyl-CoA isomerase反义寡核苷酸antioligonucleotide反转录PCR reverse transcription PCR,RT-PCR反转重复序列inverted repeat泛醌ubiquinone泛素ubiquitin泛素化ubiquuitination泛酸pantothenic acid非mRNA小RNA small non-messenger RNA,snmRNAs 非必需氨基酸non-essencial amino acid非必需激活剂non-essential activator非蛋白氮non-protein nitrogen, NPN非定位候选基因克隆策略position-independent candidate gene approaches 非竞争性抑制作用non-competitive inhibitionRNA分化加工differential RNA processing分节基因segmentation genes分解代谢阻遏catabolic repression分解物基因激活蛋白catabolite gene activation protein, CAP分支酶debranching enzyme分支移动branch migration分子伴侣chaperon,molecular chaperon分子克隆molecular clone分子医学molecular medicine粉蝶霉素A piericidin A粉液化芽苞杆菌bacillus amyloliguefaciens粪卟啉原III coproporphyrinogen III,CPGIII粪胆素stercobilin,l-urobilin粪胆素原stercobilinogen,l-urobilinogen丰富基因redundant gene佛波酯phorbol ester5-氟尿嘧啶5-fluorouracil, 5-fu脯氨酸富含域proline-rich domain辅基prosthetic group辅酶coenzyme辅酶I NAD+辅酶II NADP+辅酶Q coenzyme Q,CoQ辅脂酶colipase辅助因子cofactor辅助因子Fis factor for inversion stimulation 辅阻遏剂corepressor 腐败作用putrefaction负超螺旋negative supercoil负碳离子carbanion复合体complex复合体Ⅴcomplex V复性renaturation复制replication复制酶replicase复制体replisome复制性转座duplicative transposition复制因子replication factor,RF复制子replicon富含AT AT rich钙调蛋白calmodulin CaM干扰RNA interference RNA,RNAi RNA干涉RNA interference,RNAi 甘氨胆酸glycocholic acid甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸glycochenodeoxycholic acid 甘露糖mannose, Man 甘油激酶glycerokinase甘油磷脂phosphoglycerides甘油三酯triglyceride2-甘油一酯2-monoglyceride肝胆红素hepatobilirubin肝胆汁hepatic bile肝素heparin肝细胞性黄疸hepatocellular jaundice感染infection感受态细胞competent cell岡崎片段Okazaki fragment高保真性high fidelity高脂蛋白血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia功能互补实验functional complementation assay功能基因组学functional genomics功能克隆functional cloning共价修饰covalent modification共同的偶配体SMADs common-partner-SMAD,Co-SMADs共有序列consensus sequence谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase谷氨酰胺酶glutaminase谷丙转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT, ALT谷草转氨酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT, AST β-谷固醇β-sitosterol 谷胱甘肽glutathione, GSH谷胱甘肽S-环氧化物转移酶glutathione S-epoxidetransferase骨形态发生蛋白bone morphogenetic protein,BMPs钴胺素cobalamin钴胺素I transcobalamin I, TC I固醇sterol固醇载体蛋白sterol carrier protein, SCP固定化酶immobilized enzyme寡核苷酸点阵oligonucleotide arrays寡核苷酸微芯片oligonucleotide micro-chip寡核苷酸杂交分析oligonucleotide hybridization analysis 寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme寡霉素oligomycin寡肽oligopeptide寡肽酶oligopeptidase关键酶key enzymes管家基因housekeeping gene光修复light repairing光修复酶photolyase胱甘肽S-转移酶glutathione S-transferase滚环复制rolling circle replication6-果糖双磷酸酶-26-phosphofructokinase-2果糖双磷酸酶-2fructose biphosphatase-2过渡态transition state过氧化酶体peroxisomes过氧化氢酶catalase,peroxidaseALA合酶ALA synthaseATP合酶ATP snthase核磁共振技术nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR核蛋白nuclear protein核蛋白体RNA ribosomal RNA,rRNA核蛋白体蛋白质ribosomal protein,rp核蛋白体结合位点ribosomal binding site, RBS核蛋白体循环ribosomal cycle核定位信号nuclear localization signal, NLS核定位序列nuclear localization sequence,NLS核苷ribonucleoside核苷二磷酸nucleoside diphosphate,NDP核苷三磷酸nucleoside triphosphate,NTP核苷酸nucleotide核苷一磷酸nucleoside monophosphate,NMP核黄素riboflavin核酶ribozyme核内不均一RNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA,hnRNA 核内小分子RNA small nuclear RNA,snRNA核仁小分子RNA small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA核输入因子nuclear importin核酸nucleic acid核酸内切酶endonuclease核酸外切酶exonuclease核糖核苷酸ribonucleotide核糖核酸ribonucleic acid,RNA核糖体ribosome核小体nucleosome核心颗粒core particle核心酶core enzyme核因子κB nuclear factor-κB,NF-κ B Pribnow盒Pribnow box黑色素melanin亨丁顿舞蹈病Huntington disease恒定片段constant segment后基因组计划post-Human Genome Project, PHGP 呼吸控制率respiratory control ratio, RCR呼吸链respiratory chainb-胡萝卜素b-carotene琥珀酸CoA succinyl CoA琥珀酸CoA合成酶succinyl-CoA synthetase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenasea互补alpha complementation互补complementary互补的单链DNA complementary DNA花生四烯酸arachidonic acid化学渗透假说chemiosmotic hypothesis化学修饰chemical modificationHMG CoA还原酶HMG CoA reductase环loop环丁基环cyclobutane ringD-环复制D-loop replication缓激肽bradykinin黄疸jaundice黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthosine oxidase黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide, FMN黄素蛋白flavoprotein黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD恢复rescue回文结构palindrome混合功能氧化酶mixed-function oxidase 混合微团mixed micelles活化能activation energy活化素activin活性部位active site活性区activation domain,AD活性中心active center获得性突变gain-of-function mutation肌酸creatine肌酸酐creatinine肌酸激酶creatine kinase, CK肌营养不良蛋白dystrophin基本重组general recombination基本转录因子general transcription factors 基底层bacal laminae基膜baxal lamina基因gene基因靶向gene targeting基因沉默因子silencing factor基因工程genetic engineering基因间隔gene spacer基因矫正gene correction基因克隆gene cloning基因疗法gene therapeutics基因敲除gene knock-out基因失活gene inactivation,loss-of-function mutations 基因文库gene library 基因芯片gene chip基因芯片点阵genechip arrays基因增补gene augmentation基因诊断gene diagnosis基因治疗gene therapy基因置换gene replacement基因重组genetic recombination基因转移gene transfer基因族gene family基因组genome,genomics基因组DNA genomic DNA基因组DNA文库genomic DNA library基因作图genetic mapping激动型G蛋白stimulatory G protein,Gs激活蛋白activator激活功能activation function激活剂activator激素反应元件hormone response element激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, HSL 级联系统cascade system即刻早期反应基因immediate-early gene,IEG急性时相蛋白质acute phase protein APP急性时相反应物acute phase reactant APR己糖激酶hexokinase加单氧酶monooxygenase甲基化methylation甲基化酶methylase甲基转移酶methyl transferase甲硫氨酸循环methionine cycle甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid, MVA甲胎蛋白α-fetoproteinN-甲酰甲硫氨酸N-formyl methionine,fMet 假尿嘧啶ψ,pseudouridine假神经递质false neurotransmitter间接胆红素indirect reacting bilirubin间接体内疗法ex vivomRNA剪接mRNA splcing剪接splicing剪接接口splicing junction剪接体splicesome检查点check point简并性degeneracy碱基base碱基对base pairs, bp碱性亮氨酸拉链basic eucine zipper碱性螺旋-环-螺旋basic helix-loop-helix降解degradation交联对话cross talk胶原collagen胶原微纤维collagen fibril胶原纤维collagen fiber焦谷氨酸pyroglutamic acid焦磷酸法尼酯farnesyl pyrophosphate, FPPUDPG焦磷酸化酶UDPG pyrophosphorylase焦磷酸硫胺素thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP酵解途径glycolytic pathway酵母yeast酵母基因剔除yeast knockout project酵母人工染色体载体yeast artificial chromosome vector, YAC 酵母双杂交系统yeast two-hybrid-system阶段特异性stage specificity接合作用conjugation接受体acceptor结构基因structural gene结构基因组学structural genomicsSH2结构域Scr homology 2 domainSH3结构域Scr homology 3 domain结构域domain结合胆汁酸conjugated bile acidpoly(A结合蛋白poly(A-binding protein,PABP结合反应conjugation reactionATP结合盒转运蛋白AI ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1 结合基团binding group结合酶conjugated enzyme结合区binding domain,BD结合体adaptorDNA结合域DNA binding domain解缠酶untwisting enzyme解毒作用detoxication解磷定pyridine aldoxime methyliodide,PAM解螺旋酶helicase解偶联蛋白uncoupling protein解偶联剂uncoupler金属激活酶metal-activated enzyme金属酶metalloenzyme紧张态tense state进位entrance茎stem茎环stem-loop精胺spermine精脒spermidine竞争性抑制作用competitive inhibition矩形双曲线rectangular hyperbola巨幼红细胞性贫血megaloblastic anemia RNA聚合酶RNA-pol聚合酶链反应polymerase chain reaction, PCR 聚糖glycan绝对特异性absolute specificity癞皮病pellagra劳氏肉瘤病毒Rous sarcoma virus,RSV酪氨酸蛋白激酶tyrosine-protein kinase,TPK 酪氨酸酶tyrosinase类核nucleoid厘摩centimorgen, cM立体异构特异性stereospecificity立早基因immediate-early gene利福平rifampicinN-连接聚糖N-linked glycanO-连接聚糖O-linked glycanDNA连接酶DNA ligase连接酶类ligases连接片段joining segment连接物蛋白adaptor protein连锁分析likage analysis连锁图genetic map,linkage map连续性commaless猎物prey,target protein裂解酶类lyases邻近效应proximity effect林-贝氏Lineweaver- Burk磷酸丙糖异构酶triose phosphate isomerase磷酸二酯键phosphodiester linkage4’-磷酸泛酰氨基乙硫醇4’-phosphopantetheine 磷酸钙转染calcium phosphate transfectionα-磷酸甘油穿梭α-glycerophosphate shuttle3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglycerate mutase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate kinase6-磷酸果糖fructose-6-phosphate , F-6-P6-磷酸果糖激酶-16-phosphofructokinase-1磷酸肌酸creatine phosphate, CP6-磷酸葡萄糖glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P磷酸戊糖旁路pentose phosphate pathway,pentose phosphate shunt 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase,phopho-enolpyruvate,PEP3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸3'-phospho-adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, PAPS磷脂交换蛋白phospholipid exchange proteins磷脂酶A2phospholipase A2磷脂酶类phospholipase磷脂酸phosphatidic acid领头链leading strand另一类激酶just another kinases硫胺素thiamine硫解酶thiolase硫酸角质素keratan sulfate硫酸类肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素类chordroitin sulfates硫酸转移酶sulfate transferase硫辛酸lipoic acid硫氧化还原蛋白thioredoxin硫氧化还原蛋白还原酶thioredoxin reductase路易士气Lewisite卵母细胞oocyte伦理、法律及社会问题ethical, legal and social issues, ELSI α-螺旋α-helix螺旋反稳定蛋白helix destabilizing protein,HDP麦角钙化醇ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol麦芽糖maltose慢反应物质slow reacting substances of analphylaxis锚蛋白ankynin帽结构cap sequence帽结合蛋白cap binding proteins,CBPsDNA酶deoxyribonuclease,DNaseRNA酶ribonuclease, RNase酶enzyme酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction酶蛋白poenzyme酶联免疫测定法enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA 酶免检测分析enzyme immunodetection assay酶偶联测定法enzyme coupled assays酶原zymogen门管周带periportal zone靡蛋白chymotrypsin米氏方程式Michaelis equation密度梯度离心density gradient centrifugation密码子codon嘧啶pyrimidine免疫印迹immunoblotting模板template模板理论piecing theory模板链template strand模体motif末端转移酶terminal transferase母亲效应基因maternal effect genes目的基因target DNA内分泌endocrine内分泌信号endocrine signal内含子intron内化internalization内皮生长抑制蛋白vastatin内皮抑素Endostatin内肽酶endopeptidase内因子intrinsic factor, IF内在序列同源结构internal seguence homology 内酯酶lactonase内质网endoplasmic reticulum,ER尼克酸nicotinic acid逆向转运reverse cholesterol transport, RCT逆转录reverse transcription逆转录病毒retro-virus, RV逆转录酶reverse transciptase鸟氨酸脱羧酶orinithine decarboxylase鸟氨酸循环orinithine cycle鸟苷guanosine鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G蛋白guanylate binding protein鸟嘌呤guanine,G鸟嘌呤环化酶guanylyl cyclase,GC尿卟啉原I同合酶UPG I cosynthased-尿胆素d-urobilini-尿胆素i-urobilind-尿胆素原d-urobilinogen尿苷uridine尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, UDPGA 尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖uridine diphophate glucose, UDPG尿嘧啶uracil,U尿嘧啶核苷酸uridine monophosphate, UMP尿素循环urea cycle柠檬酸citrate柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环citrate pyruvate cycle柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase柠檬酸裂合酶citrate lyase凝集素样受体lectin-like receptor凝胶过滤gel filtration牛磺胆酸taurocholic acid牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸taurochenodeoxycholic acid 偶氮还原酶类azoreductase偶氮还原酶类azoreductase爬行模型inchworn model排出位exit site旁分泌paracrine旁分泌信号paracrine signal胚胎干细胞embryonic stem cell配体ligand配体蛋白ligandin配伍未端compatible endH片段H segmentKlenow片段Klenow fragment片段重组体patch recombinant嘌呤purine嘌呤核苷酸循环purine nucleotide cycle拼接重组体splice recombinant平行分子遗传学分析parallel molecular genetic analysis苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭malate-asparate shuttle苹果酸脱氢酶fumarate hydratase,malate dehydrogenase DEAE葡聚糖介导转染DEAE dextran-mediated transfection葡糖醛酸胆红素bilirubin glucuronideUDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶UDP-glucuronyl transferases, UGT葡萄糖glucose,Glc葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶glucose-6-phophatase葡萄糖激酶glucokinase葡萄糖耐量glucose tolerence葡萄糖转运体glucose transporter,GLUT栖热水生菌thermus aquaticus启动元件initiator启动子promoter起点origin起始tRNA initiator-tRNA起始密码initiation coden起始因子initiation factor,IF前病毒provirus前导片段leader segment前列腺环素prostacyclin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG前脑forebrain前清蛋白prealbumin, PAβ-羟丁酸β-hydroxybutyrate羟化酶hydroxylase3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase, HMG CoA CoA合酶synthase鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘脂sphingolipids切除修复excision repairing切口-封闭酶nicking-closing enzyme5-氢过氧化廿碳四烯酸5-hydroperoxy-eicotetraenoic acid, 5-HPETE 清蛋白albumin清道夫受体scavenger receptor, SR球蛋白globulin区带zone去饱和酶desaturase去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine全酶holoenzyme醛缩酶aldolase醛脱氢酶aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH缺口nick缺失deletion染色体chromosome染色体步移chromosome walking染色体畸形chromosomal abnormality染色质chromatin热休克蛋白heat shock proteins, Hsp人类白细胞抗原human leucocyte antigen,HLA人类基因组计划human genome project, HGP人类免疫缺陷病毒human immuno-deficiency virus,HIV 溶菌生长途径lysis pathway溶血性黄疸hemolytic jaundice溶源菌生长途径lysogenic pathway融解温度elting temperature, Tm肉碱carnitine肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase 肉碱脂酰转移酶I carnitine acyl transferase I乳酸lactate乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase乳糖操纵子lac operon朊病毒蛋白prion protein, PrP三级结构tertiary structure三联体密码triplet codetriplex-forming oligonucleotide, TFO三链DNA形成脱氧寡核苷酸三链技术triplex approach三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle三叶草形cloverleaf patternB沙门氏菌 B Salmonella鲨烯squalene鲨烯合酶squalene synthase筛选screening上调up regulation上游因子upstream factors射线radiation,RADX射线衍射法X-ray diffraction神经鞘磷脂sphingomyelin神经肽neuropeptide肾上腺素epinephrine生长因子growth factor生糖氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketogenic amino acid生物胞素biocytin生物催化剂biocatalyst生物大分子biomacromolecule生物化学biochemistry生物素biotin生物信息学bioinformatics生物氧化biological oxidation生物转化biotransformationa-生育酚当量a-tocophenol equivalents, a-TE 生殖细胞germ line cell石胆酸lithocholic acid时间特异性temporal specificity视蛋白opsin视黄醇retinol视黄醇结合蛋白retinol binding protein, RBP 视黄醇磷酸retinyl phosphate视黄醛retinal视黄酸retinoic acid视网膜母细胞瘤retinoblastoma饰胶蛋白decorin释放因子release factor,RFHDL受体HDL recepter受体receptor受体调节的SMADs receptor-regulated-SMAD,R-SMADs LDL受体相关蛋白LDL receptor related protein, LRP6-疏基嘌呤6-mercaptopurine,6MP鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌salmonella typhimurium衰减attenuation衰减区域attenuator region衰减子attenuator双倒数作图法double reciprocal plot双链duplex1,6-双磷酸果糖1,6-fructose-biphosphate,F-1,6-2P双螺旋double helix双色荧光探针杂交系统wo-color fluorescent probe hybridization 双缩脲反应biuret reaction双向复制bidirectional replication双性α-螺旋amphipathicαhelix水解酶类hydrolases水溶性维生素water-soluble vitamin顺反子cistron顺式cis顺式作用元件cis-acting element瞬时转染transient transfection丝氨酸磷脂phosphatidyl serine丝甘蛋白聚糖serglycin四级结构quaternary structure四膜虫tetrahymena四氢叶酸tetrahydrofolic acid, FH4 or THFA松弛酶relaxing enzyme松弛态relaxed state酸性激活域acidic activation domain随从链lagging strandDNA损伤DNA damage羧基末端carboxyl terminal羧基末端结构域carboxyl terminal domain, CTD羧基肽酶A carboxypeptidase A肽peptide肽单元peptide unit肽-脯氨酰顺反异构酶peptide prolyl cis-trans isomerase,PPI肽核酸peptide nucleic acid, PNA肽酶peptidase肽酰位peptidyl site肽转位复合物peptide translocation complex 糖蛋白glycoprotein糖复合物glycoconjugates糖苷键glycosidic bondDNA糖苷酶DNA glyclsidase糖酵解glycolysis糖尿病hyperglycemia and glucosuria糖型glycoform糖异生gluconeogenesis糖异生途径gluconeogenic pathway糖原glycogen糖原储存疾病glycogen storage disease糖原分解branching enzyme,glycogenolysis 糖原合酶glycogen synthase糖原累积症Calmodulin套索RNA lariat RNA特异位点重组site-specific recombination特异转录因子special transcription factors体内试验,直接体内疗法in vivo体外试验,试管内in vitro体细胞somatic cell体细胞基因治疗somatic cell gene therapy 天冬酰胺asparagine铁硫簇iron-sulfur cluster, Fe-S铁硫蛋白iron-sulfur protein通用性universal同二聚体homodimer同工酶isoenzyme同型半胱氨酸homocysteine同源homolog同源重组homologous recombination3-酮基二氢鞘氨醇3-ketodihydrosphingosine 酮体ketone bodiesα-酮戊二酸α- ketoglutatrateα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex体透明质酸hyaluronic acid透析dialysis突变mutation推荐名称recommended name退火anneal,annealing脱水酶dehydrase脱羧基作用decarboxylation脱羧酶decarboxyase脱氧胞苷deoxycytidine脱氧胞苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧单磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide monophosphate,dNMP脱氧胆酸deoxycholic acid脱氧核苷deoxyribonucleoside脱氧核苷酸deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, dNMP 脱氧核酶deoxyribozyme脱氧核糖核苷酸deoxynucleotide脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA脱氧鸟苷deoxyguanosine脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱氧三磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide triphosphate,dNTP脱氧腺苷deoxyadenosine脱氧腺苷酸deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱支酶glycogen phosphorylaseDNA拓扑异构酶DNA topoisomerase唾液酸酶neuraminidase外肽酶exopeptidase外显子exon网络系统networkDNA微点阵DNA microarray微粒体乙醇氧化系统microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, MEOS 微团micelles 微纤维fibrilDNA微阵列DNA microarray维生素vitamin胃蛋白酶pepsin胃蛋白酶原pepsinogencDNA文库cDNA library稳定转染stable transfection无规卷曲random coil无嘌呤/嘧啶核苷酸apurinic/apyuimidinic acids,AP 物理图physical map物理作图physical mapping吸光率absorbance,A稀有碱基rare bases系统名称systematic name细胞癌基因cellular-oncogene,c-onc细胞色素cytochrome, Cyt细胞色素C cytochrome C细胞色素P450Cytochrome P450,Cyt P450细胞特异性cell specificity细胞外基质extracellular matrixc,ECM细胞周期cell cycle细胞周期蛋白cyclin细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶cyclin dependent kinase,CDK 下调down regulation纤连蛋白fibronectin, Fn纤维蛋白fibrin纤维蛋白溶酶原plasminogen纤维蛋白原fibrinogen酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein, ACP显微注射microinjection线粒体DNA mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA线粒体孔蛋白mitochondrial porin限速酶limiting velocity enzymes限制性内切核酸酶restriction endonuclease限制性片段长度多态性restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP 限制–修饰体系restriction-modification system腺病毒adeno-virus, AV腺病毒相关病毒adeno-associated virus, AAV腺苷adenosineS-腺苷甲硫氨酸S-adenosyl methionine, SAM腺苷酸环化酶adenyl cyclase,adenylate cyclase,AC腺苷酸转运蛋白adenine nucleotide transporter腺苷脱氨酶adenosine deaminase,ADA腺嘌呤adenine,A相变异phase variation相对特异性relative specificityTBP相关因子TBP-associated factor, TAF相似性similarity相转变phase variation硝基还原酶类nitroreductase硝酸纤维素nitrocellulose , NC小分子核糖核蛋白体small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, snRNP 小沟minor groove小片段干涉RNA small interfering RNA,siRNA小叶中心带centrolobular zone校读proofread协调表达coordinate expression协调调节coordinate regulation心磷脂cardiolipin心钠素arrionatriuretic peptide, ANPcDNA芯片cDNA chipDNA芯片DNA chip锌指结构zinc finger。
生物化学常用专业术语中英文对照汇编手册
绪论（prelude）生物化学biochemistry 无机离子inorganic生物分子biomolecular 糖carbohydrate脂lipid核酸nucleic acid蛋白质protein维生素vitamin酶enzyme辅酶coenzyme 激素hormone核苷酸nucleotide氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose单糖monosaccharide 双糖disaccharide脂肪酸fatty acid克隆技术cloning克隆clone糖类（carbohydrate）糖carbohydrate/saccharide糖生物学glycobiology醛糖aldose酮糖ketose单糖monosaccharide寡/低聚糖oligosaccharide二糖disaccharide三糖trisaccharide多糖polysaccharide复合糖compoud/complex saccharide 链状结构chain structure构型configuration构象conformation异构isomerism 对映体enanthiomer果糖fructose半乳糖galactose甘露糖mannose环状结构ring structure异头物anomer不对称碳原子asymmetric carbon atom 投影式Fischer式透视式Haworth式椅式构象chain form船式构象boat form旋光性optical activity比旋光度specific rotation变旋性mutarotation甜度sweetness半缩醛hemiacetal醛糖酸aldonic acid还原糖reducing sugar醛糖二酸aldaric acid糖醛酸uronic acid糖苷glycoside糖脎osazone/phenylosazone 糠醛furfural蒽酮anthroneN-乙酰葡糖胺NAGN-乙酰-胞壁酸NAM蔗糖sucrose麦芽糖maltose乳糖lactose淀粉starch糖原glycogen纤维素cellulose壳多糖(几丁质)chitin琼脂agar支链淀粉amylopectin直链淀粉amylose肽聚糖peptidoglycan 粘肽mucopeptide氨基糖肽glycoaminopeptide磷壁酸teichoic acid软骨素4-或6-硫chondroitin 4-or 6-sulfate,CS脂多糖lipopolysaccharide糖蛋白glycoprotein透明质酸hyaluronic acid,HA肝素heparin,HP蛋白聚糖proteoglycan硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate,DS硫酸角质素keratan suIfate,KS核心蛋白core protein连接蛋白link protein糖胺聚糖/粘多糖glycosaminoglycan/mucopolysaccharide 胞壁酸muramic acid神经氨酸neuraminic acid淀粉酶amylase糊精odextrin磷酸化酶phosphrylase糖肽键glycopeptide linkag脂质（lipid）单脂simple lipid复脂compound lipid 衍生脂质derived lipid 脂肪酸fatty acid,FA 饱和脂肪酸saturated FA不饱和脂肪unsaturated FA单不饱和脂肪酸monounsaturated FA 多不饱和脂肪酸polyunsaturated FA乳化emulsification微团micelle离子型去污剂(乳化剂)ionic detergent 三脂triester甘油glycerolSn命名法Stereospecific Numbering 酰基甘油acylglycerol三酰甘油triacylglycerol,TG甘油三脂triglyceride命名法nomenclature乙酰（化）值/价acetylation value酸值/酸价acid value加成反应addition reaction碘值/碘价iodine number or value皂化值saponification value磷脂phospholipid甘油磷酯glycerophospholipid微囊vesicle 磷脂酶phospholipase磷酸甘油脂phosphoglyceride鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘(氨醇)磷脂sphingomyelin神经酰胺ceramide鞘磷脂sphingomyelin糖脂glucolipid/glycolipin鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid蜡wax过氧化作用peroxidation磷脂酰胆碱/卵磷脂lecithin磷脂酰乙醇胺/脑磷脂cephalin 双磷脂酰甘油/心磷脂cardiolipin 萜terpene类固醇/甾醇steroid胆固醇cholesterol蛋白质(protein)化学蛋白质protein,pr蛋白水解酶proteolytic enzyme 蛋白酶proteinase胰蛋白酶trypsin糜蛋白酶chymotrypsin胃蛋白酶pepsin嗜热菌蛋白酶themolysin 氨基酸amino acid,AA等电点isoelectric point,pI标准氨基酸standard amino acid 甘氨酸glycine,Gly,G丙氨酸alanine,Ala,A缬氨酸valine,Val,V亮氨酸lucine,Leu,L异亮氨酸isoleucine,Ile,I丝氨酸serine,Ser,S苏氨酸threonine,Thr,T半胱氨酸cysteine,Cys,C甲硫/蛋氨酸methionine,Met,M 谷氨酸glutamic acid,Glu,E谷氨酰胺glutamine,Gln,Q天冬氨酸aspartic acid,Asp,D 天冬酰胺asparagine,Asn,N赖氨酸lysine,Lys,K精氨酸arginine,Arg,R组氨酸histidine,His,H脯氨酸proline,Pro,P苯丙氨酸phenylalanine,Phe,F 色氨酸tryptophan,Trp,W酪氨酸tyrosine,Tyr,Y2,4一二硝基氟苯DNFB苯异硫氰酸酯PITC苯硫乙内酰脲AA PTH-AA苯氨基硫甲酰AA PTC-AA坂口反应Sakaguchi反应乙醛酸反应Hopking-Cole反应肽键peptide bond二硫硝基苯甲酸DTNB (Ellman试剂) 谷胱甘肽(GSH ,Glu-Cys-Gly）肽（链）peptide chain酚试剂反应Folin-Cioculteu反应氨肽酶amino peptidase羧肽酶carboxypeptidase真正单键pure single bond二面角dihedral angle帽化capping部分双键的性质partial double-bond character一级结构primary structure二级结构secondary structure三级结构tertiary structure四级结构quaternary structure二级结构元件secondary structrue element螺旋helixα-螺旋α-Helix氢键hydrogen bond疏水作用hydrophobic interaction范德华力van der Waals forceβ-折叠β-pleated sheet亚基/亚单位subunit自由回转/无规卷曲random coil结构域structural domain次级键(非共价键)noncovalent bond肌红蛋白myoglobin,Mb对称性symmetry超二级结构(花式)Super-secondary structure肽链peptide chain多肽polypeptide活性肽active peptideα-角蛋白α-keratin丝心蛋白fibroin胶原蛋白collagen血红蛋白hemoglobin,Hb别构作用allosteric interaction别构效应allosteric effect别构蛋白allosteric protein协同效应cooperative effect二磷酸甘油酸BPG核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNaseβ-转角β-turn(β-弯曲β-bend,β-回折或发夹结构hairpin structure)纸层析filter-paper chromatography离子交换层析ion-exchange column chromatography简单/纯蛋白质simple protein缀合蛋白质conjugated protein纤维状蛋白质fibrous protein球状蛋白质globular protein二硫键disulfide bond对角线电泳diagonal electrophoresis氨基酸残基amino acid residues同源蛋白质homology protein二面角dihedral angle螺旋帽化helix capping肌球蛋白myosin膜周边蛋白peripheral protein膜内在蛋白antegral protein脂锚定蛋白Lipid-anchored protein变性denaturation变性剂denaturation agent十二烷基硫酸钠SDS复性renaturation珠蛋白globin血红素heme紧张态tense state弛态relaxed state镰刀状细胞贫血病sickle-cell anemia 免疫球蛋白IgG渗透压osmotic pressure沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降系数单位Svedberg unit,S凝胶过滤gel filtration聚丙烯酰胺凝胶ployacrylamide gel 水化层hydration mantle亲水胶体hydrophilic colloid 双电层electric double layer纯化purification分离isolation透析dialysis密度梯度density gradient盐溶salting in盐析salting out电泳electrophoresis聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳ployacrylamide gel electrophoresis毛细管电泳capillary electrophoresis等电聚焦isoelectric focusing亲和层析affinity chromatography酶(enzyme)化学生物催化剂biocatalyst底物substrate单纯酶simple enzyme结合酶conjugated enzyme 全酶holienzyme辅因子cofactor辅酶coenzyme辅基prosthetic group 金属离子metal ion多酶复合体multienzyme system寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme单体酶monomeric enzyme习惯命名法recommended name国际系统命名法systematic name酶的专一性/特异性enzyme specificity 诱导契合学说induced-fit hypothesis氧化还原酶oxidoreductases转移酶transferases水解酶hydrolases裂合酶lyase异构酶isomerases合成/连接酶ligases酶促反应enzymatic reaction酶活力enzyme activity比活力specific activity核酶ribozyme抗体酶abzyme酶工程enzyme engineering固体化酶immobilized enzyme酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions双倒数作图法Lineweaver-Burk作图法最适温度optimum temperature,Tm最适pHoptimum pH 活性部位active site必需基团essential group抑制剂inhibitor激活剂activator效应物effector别构酶allosteric enzyme别构调节allosteric regulation同促效应homotropic effect异促效应heterotropic effect天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶ATCase酶原zymogen酶单位enzyme unit同工酶isoenzyme共价调节（修饰）酶covalent regulatory enzyme乳酸脱氢酶LDH可逆的共价修饰reversible covalent modification维生素(vitamin)与辅酶(coenzyme)视紫红质visual purple 视黄醇retinolβ-胡萝卜素β-carotine 夜盲症nyctalopia视黄醛retinene胆钙化醇(Vitamin D3)cholecalciferolV E(生育酚/抗不育维生素)tocopherol 麦角钙化醇(Vitamin D2)ergotcalciferol 凝血维生素Vitamin K抗神经炎/脚气病维生素,硫胺(素)Vitamin B1抗癞皮病维生素Vitamin PP硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate,TPP尼克酸(烟酸)nicotinic acid尼克酰胺(烟酰胺) nicotinamide转钙化蛋白DBP维生素B2( VB2)/核黄素riboflavin黄素单核苷酸FMN ,flavin mononucleotide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸FAD,flavin adenine dinucleotid泛酸,VB3(遍多酸)pantothenic acid辅酶A CoA-SH,coenzyme A酰基载体蛋白ACP, acyl carrier protein 维生素B6 (吡哆素)Vitamin B6吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal吡哆胺pyridoxamine磷酸吡哆醛PLP, pyridoxal-5-phosphate 醛亚胺Schiff碱维生素B12 (钴胺素) cobalamine维生素B7/H(生物素)biotin叶酸folic acid四氢叶酸(辅酶F)FH4/CoF/THF, tetrahydrofolate硫辛酸lipoic acid维生素C (抗坏血酸) ascorbic acid尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(辅酶Ⅰ)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide，NAD+尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(辅酶Ⅱ)nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate，NADP+核酸(nucleic acid)化学DNA序列分析DNA Sequencing脱氧核糖核酸Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA 核糖核酸Ribonucleic acid, RNA信使RNA (mRNA) messenger RNA 转运RNA( tRNA) transfer RNA核糖体RNA (rRNA) ribosome RNA小RNA sRNA反义RNA asRNA胞质小RNA sc RNA核不均一RNA hnRNA核内小RNA snRNA原核生物prokaryote真核生物eukaryote人类基因组计划Human Gene Project 质粒plasmid染色体chromosome染色质chromatin一磷酸腺苷(腺一磷)AMP,adenosine monophosphate二磷酸腺苷(腺二磷)ADP, adenosine diphosphate三磷酸腺苷(腺三磷)ATP,adenosine triphosphate复制replication转录transcription翻译translation逆转录reserve transcription核苷酸nucleotide 核苷nucleoside磷酸phosphate碱基base嘌呤碱purine base嘧啶碱pyrimidine base戊糖amyl sugar核糖ribose脱氧核糖deoxyribose腺嘌呤adenine,A鸟嘌呤guanine,G胞嘧cytosine,C胸腺嘧啶thymine,T尿嘧啶uracil,U二氢尿嘧啶DHU3’,5’—环化鸟苷酸cGMP3’,5’—环化腺苷酸cAMP顺反子cistron假尿嘧啶核苷pseudouridineDNA双螺旋结构DNA double-helical structure碱基对base pair, bp氢键hydrogen bond碱基堆积base stacking 组蛋白histone核小体nucleosome纤维fiber突环loop玫瑰花结rosette染色单体chromatid螺管/螺线圈coil 氨基酸臂amino acid armD环(二氢尿嘧啶环) diphydrouracil loop反密码子环anticodon loop可变环(额外环) extra loop核糖核酸酶ribonuclease, RNase牛胰核糖核酸酶RNaseI脱氧核糖核酸酶deoxyribonuclease, DNase牛胰脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseI牛脾脱氧核糖核酸酶DNaseⅡ熔解温度melting temperature, Tm 变性denaturation 复性reassociation杂交hybridization原位杂交hybridization in situ激素(hormone)激素hormone生长激素growth hormone促甲状腺激素thyrotropic hormone催乳激素luteotropic促黄体生长激素luteinizing hormone 促卵泡激素follicle stimulating bormone脂肪酸释放激素lipotropin 催产素oxytocin加压素vasopressin促黑素细胞激素malanophore-stimulating hormone胸腺素thymosin甲状腺激素thyroxine三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine降钙素calcitonin甲状旁腺激素parathormone肾上腺素adrenaline去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline胰高血糖素glucagon胰岛素insulin促肠液激素enterocrinin肠促胰液素secretin肠抑胃素enterogastrone促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone促甲酸激素gastrin绒毛膜粗性腺激素chorionic gonadoreopin耻骨松弛激素relaxin瘦素leptin皮质酮corticosterone肾上腺雄酮androstenedione孕酮progesterone 原激素prohormone甲状腺过氧化物酶thyroid peroxidase 抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone睾酮testosterone雄酮androsterone钙调蛋白calmodulin钙传感器calcium sensors磷脂酰肌醇phophatidyl inositol靶蛋白质target protein癌基因oncogenes植物生长素auxin赤霉素gibberellin细胞分裂素cytokinin保幼激素juvenile hormone激动素kinetin脱落酸abscisic acid性外激素sexpheromone蜕皮激素molting hormone生物膜(biomembrane)的组成与结构间体mesosome区域化compartmentation 鞘氨醇sphingosine 鞘磷脂sphingomyelin神经酰胺ceramide磷脂酸phosphatidic acid, PA多态性polymorphism双层bilayer溶血磷脂lysophospholipid两亲性分子amphipathic molecule核磁共振NMR脂质体liposome半乳糖脑苷脂galactocerebroside去垢剂detergent微团micelle非双层脂non-bilayer lipid非双层脂结构non-bilayer lipid structure磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanolamine, PE磷脂酰胆碱phosphatidylcholine, PC磷脂酰甘油phosphatidylglycerol, PG 磷脂酰丝氨酸phosphatidylserine, PS 膜骨架membrane skeleton 血影蛋白spectrin糖蛋白glycoprotein豆蔻酸myristic acid乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase蛋白质复合物glycocalyx细胞外壳cell coat单葡萄糖甘油二脂monoglucsyldiglyceride,MGDG运动性mobility胞吞/内吞endocytosis胞吐exocytosis偏转gauche全反式all trans分相phase separation荧光素fluorescein肌动蛋白actin单位膜unit membrance微区domain糖基磷脂酰肌醇glycosylphosphatidylinositol,GPI心磷脂(双磷脂酰甘油) cardiolipin(diphosphatidylglycerol)光致漂白荧光恢复法Fluorescence Photobleaching Recovery , FPR生物氧化(Biological Oxidation)肌酸激酶Creatine kinase磷酸肌酸Creatine phosphofat e生物氧化Biological Oxidation氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation 呼吸链respiratory chainNADH-Q还原酶NADH-Q reductase 琥珀酸-Q还原酶succinate-Q reductase 细胞还原酶cytochrome reductase细胞色素氧化酶cytochrome oxidase 鱼藤酮rotenoneATP合酶ATPsynthase电动势electromotive force安密妥amytal解偶联剂uncouplers超氧化物歧化酶superoxide dismutase 过氧化氢酶catalase过氧化物酶peroxidase 高能键high-energy bond乙酰磷酸acetyl phosphate1,3-2磷酸甘油1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 氨甲酰磷酸carbamyl phosphate酰基腺苷酸acyl adenylate氨酰腺苷酸aminoacyl adenylate焦磷酸Pyrophosphate二磷酸腺苷adenosine diphosphate磷酸烯醇式丙酮phosphoenolpyruvate 酰基辅酶A acyl coenzyme A果糖-6-磷酸fructose 6-phosphate辅酶Qcoenzyme-Q腺苷三磷酸adenosine triphosphate磷酸精氨酸phosphoarginine甘油-3磷酸glycerol 3-Phosphate腺苷酸激酶adenylate kinase糖代谢（glycometabolism）糖酵解glycolysis/Embden MeyerhofParnas葡糖-6-磷酸glucosamine-6-phosphate葡糖-6-磷酸内酯6-phosphogluconolactone内酯酶lactonase核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose-5-diphophate葡糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase葡糖酸-6-磷酸6-phosphogluconate脱支酶debranching enzyme糖原合酶glycogen synthase糖原引物primer发酵fermentation己糖激酶hexokinase醛缩酶aldolase尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖( uridine diphosphate glucose , UDPG )磷酸葡萄糖异构酶glucosephosphate isomerase磷酸果糖激酶phosphofructokinase磷酸丙糖异构酶triosephosphofructokinase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate kinase磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglyceromutase 烯醇化酶enolase丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase丙酮酸脱羧酶pyruvate decaboxylase 乙醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone phosphate甘油醛-3-磷酸glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate3-磷酸甘油酸3-phosphoglycerate丙酮酸pyruvate果糖-2，6-二磷酸fructose2,6-bisphosphate五碳糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway果糖激酶fructokinase果糖-1-磷酸醛缩酶fructose-1-phosphate aldolase甘油醛激酶glyceraldehyde kinase甘油激酶glycerol kinase半乳糖galactose半乳糖激酶galactolinase半乳糖出醇galactitol丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体pyruvatedehydrogenase complex磷酸甘露糖异构酶phosphomannose isomerase硫胺素焦磷酸thiamine pyrophosphate 硫辛酰胺lipoamide黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide二氢硫辛酰转乙酰基酶dihydrolipoyl transacetylase二氢硫辛酸脱氢酶dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase乌头酸酶aconitase异柠檬酸脱氢酶isocitrate dehydrogenase琥珀酰-CoA合成酶succinyl-CoA synthetase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenase 延胡索酸酶fumarase苹果酸脱氢酶malate dehydrogenase草酰乙酸oxaloacetate异柠檬酸裂解酶isocitate lyase丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase 戊糖磷酸途径pentose phosphate pathway己糖单磷酸途径hexose monophosphate pathway戊糖磷酸循环pentose phosphate cycle 磷酸戊糖酸phosphopentonic acid磷酸己糖酸phosphohexonic acid景天庚酮糖sedoheptulose核糖ribose脱氧核糖deoxyribose核酮糖ribulose磷酸葡糖酸氧化途径phosphogluconate oxidative pathway核酮糖-5-磷酸ribulose-5-phosphate核糖-5-磷酸ribose-5-phosphate木酮糖-5-磷酸xylulose-5-phosphate转醛酶transaldolase葡糖异生gluconeogenesisUDP-葡糖焦磷酸化酶UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase乙醛酸途径glyoxylate pathway异柠檬酸裂合酶isocitrate lyase苹果酸合酶malate synthase糖原的降解glycogen breakdown糖原磷酸化酶glycogen phosphorylase 糖原脱支酶glycogen debranching enzyme磷酸葡萄糖变位酶phosphoglucomutase糖原合酶glycogen synthase 糖原分支酶glycogen branching enzyme 丙酮酸脱氢酶组分pyruvate dehydrogenase component磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenaseα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合体α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex脂代谢（lipometabolism）硫酯键thioester link脂酰辅酶A合酶acyl-CoA脂肪酸硫激酶1 fatty acid thiokinase脂酰腺苷酸混合酸酐acyladenylate mixed andydride无机焦磷酸酶inorganic pyrophosphatase肉碱carnitine肉碱-脂酰转移酶Ιcaunitine acyltransferaseΙ肉碱移位酶carnitine translocaseN-苯乙酰甘氨酸phenylaceturic acidN-苯甲酰甘氨酸hippuric acidβ-羟酰-ACP脱水酶β-hydrdoxyacyl-ACP dehydrase β-氧化β-oxidation活化activation氧化oxidation水合hydration断裂cleavage硫激酶thiokinase脂酰-CoA合酶acyl CoA synthase烯酰-CoA水合酶enoyl CoA hydratase β-酮硫解酶β-keto-thiolase电子传递黄素蛋白electron-transfer flavoprotein泛醌氧化还原酶ubiquinone oxidoreductase烯酰-CoA异构酶isomerase甲基丙二酰-CoA消旋酶methylmalonyl-CoA racemase甲基丙二酰-CoA变位酶methylmalonyl-CoA mutase单加氧酶monooxygenase酮体ketone body乙酰乙酸acetoacetateHMG-CoA裂解酶HMG-CoA lyase丙二酰-CoA malonyl-CoA生物素羧化酶biotin carboxylase转羧酶trans carboxylase生物胞素biocytin酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein磷酸泛醌巯基乙胺phosphopantetheine 硫辛酰赖氨酸臂lipoyl lysine arm软脂酰-ACP硫脂酶palmitoy-ACP thioesteraseβ-酮酰-ACP合酶β-ACP-ketoacyl-ACP synthase缩合condensation还原reductionβ-酮酰ACP还原酶β-toacylACP reductase脱水dehydration 烯酰-ACP还原酶enyl-ACP reductase 软脂酰-ACP硫酯酶palmitoyl thioesterase脂肪酰-CoA去饱和酶fatty acyl-CoA desaturase亚油酸linoleic acid亚麻酸linoleuic acid必需脂肪酸essential fatty acid混合功能氧化酶mixed-function oxidase脂酰甘油acyl glycerols甘油-3-磷酸glucerol 3-phosphate磷脂酸phosphatidic甘油磷脂glycerophospholipids磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanolamine磷脂酰甘油phosphatidyl glycerol二磷脂酰甘油diphosphatidyl glycerol CDP-二脂酰甘油CDP-diacylglycerol 5’-胞苷二磷酸cytidine diphosphate尿苷二磷酸uridine diphosphate共底物cosubstrate二羟丙酮磷酸dihydroxyacetone phosphate鞘磷脂sphingolipids鞘糖脂glycosphingolipid缩醛磷脂plasmalogen胆固醇cholesterol类固醇steroids类固醇激素steroid hormines 胆汁酸bile acids麦角固醇ergosterol 甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid蛋白磷酸酶proteinphosphatases三羧酸转运体系tricarboxylate transport systemD-β-羟丁酸脱氢酶D-β-hudoxybutyrate dehydogenase丙二酸单酰-CoA-ACP转酰酶malonyl-CoA-ACP transacetylase蛋白质代谢（protein metabolism）细胞溶胶cytosolically组织蛋白酶cathepsins抗蛋白酶antipain泛肽ubiguitin泛肽-蛋白连接酶ubiquitin-protein ligase多胺polyamine鸟氨酸脱羧酶ornithine decarboxylase丝氨酸脱氢酶serine dehydrogenase色氨酸氧化酶tryptophan oxygenase 酪氨酸氨基转移酶tyrosin aminotransferase 氨基转移酶aminotrandferase氧化脱氨基作用oxidative deamination 吡哆醛-5’-磷酸pyridoxal-5’-phosphate 吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛磷酸pyridoxal phosphate吡哆胺磷酸pyridoxamine phosphate 醛亚胺aldimine腺苷代琥珀酸adenylosuccinate转氨酶transaminase联合脱氨基作用transdeamination神经递质neurotransmitter酪胺tyramine谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase 尿素循环urea cycle鸟氨酸ornithine瓜氨酸citrulline精氨酸酶arginase氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamoyl phosphate synthetase鸟氨酸转氨甲酰酶prnithine transcarbamoylase精氨琥珀酸酶argininosuccinase精氨琥珀酸合成酶argininosuccinate SynthetaseN-乙酰谷氨酸合酶N-acetylglutamate synthase丝氨酸转羟甲基酶serine transhydroxymethylase丝氨酸-苏氨酸脱水酶serine-threonine dehydratase苏氨酸醛缩酶threonine aldolase乙醛acetaldehyde氨基丙酮aminoacetone半光氨酸脱巯基酶cysteine desulfhydrase苯丙氨酸氢化酶phenylalanine hydoxylase酵母氨酸sacharopine组氨酸氨裂合酶higtidine ammonia lyase尿苷酸水合酶urocanate hydratase谷氨酸转甲亚氨酶glutamate transformiminase天冬酰胺酶asparaginase天冬氨酸氨裂解酶aspartate ammonia lyase生酮氨基酸ketogenic amino acids生糖氨基酸glucogenic amino acids亚氨甲酰谷氨酸N-formimino glutamate酪氨酸酶tyrosinase多巴胺dopamine核糖体ribosome遗传密码genetic code三联体triplet染色体外基因extrachromosomal gene转录初产物primary transcript添加appending修饰modification异构化isomerization拼接splicing编辑editing再编码recoding断裂基因interrupted gene选择性拼接alternative splicing同源体isoform错义突变missense mutation无义突变mimsense mutation核糖体移码ribosomal frame shifting 移码突变frame-shift mutation重叠基因overlapping genes同义密码子syninymous codon反密码子anticodon密码子coden简并性degeneracy变偶性wobble蛋白质生物合成protein biosynthesis 无细胞体系cell-free system多聚核糖体polysome读码框架reading frame 起始密码start codon终止密码stop codon核糖体结合位点ribosome-binding site 核糖体进入部位ribosome entry site胸腺嘧啶核糖核苷ribothymidine假尿嘧啶核苷pseudouridine校正基因suppressor gene回复突变reverse mutation起始因子initiation factor延长因子dlongation factor肽酰转移酶peptidyl transferse转肽transpeptidation移位translocation释放因子release factors核糖体释放因子ribosome releasing factor位移translational frameshifting翻译跳跃translational jumping信号肽序列signal or leader sequence 信号肽signal sequence信号肽酶signal peptidase信号识别体signa recognition particle,SRP停泊蛋白docking protein翻译后运输posttranslationlal transport 多肽链结合蛋白polypeptide binding proteins 终止因子termination factor磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸所激酶phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase核酸代谢（nucleic acid metabolism）核酸内切酶endonuclease核酸外切酶exonuclease核苷酶nucleosidase核苷磷酸化酶nucleoside phosphorylase核苷水解酶nucleoside hydrolase腺嘌呤脱氨酶adenine deaminase腺嘌呤核苷脱氨酶adenosine deaminase鸟嘌呤脱氨酶guanine deaminase尿酸氧化酶utate oxidase5-磷酸核糖焦磷酸5-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate磷酸核糖焦磷激酶phosphoribosyl pyrophosphokinase5-磷酸核糖胺5-phosphoribosylamine 5-氨基咪唑核苷酸5-aminoimidazole ribotide 磷酸核糖焦磷酸转酰氨酶phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate transamidase甘氨酰胺核苷酸glycinamide ribotide 甘氨酰胺核苷酸合成酶glycinamide rihotide synthetase甘氨酰胺核苷酸转甲酰基酶glycinamide ribotide transformylas甲酰甘氨脒核苷酸合成酶formylglycinamidine ribotide synthetase 氨基咪唑核苷酸合成酶aminoimidazole ribotide synthetase腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶adenylosuccinate lyase氨基咪唑核苷酸羧化酶aminoinidazole ribotide carboixylase腺苷酸琥珀酸合成酶adenylosuccinate synthetase次黄嘌呤核苷酸脱氢酶inosine-5-phosphate dehydrogenase鸟嘌呤核苷酸合成酶guanylate synthetase磷酸核糖转移酶phosphoribosyl transferase乳清苷酸orotidine-5’-phoshate氨甲酰磷酸合成酶carbamyl phosphate synthetase全酶holoenzyme天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶aspartate carbamyl transferase二氢乳清酸酶dihydroorotase二氢乳清酸脱氢酶dihydroorotate dehydrogenase乳清苷酸焦磷酸化酶orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase乳清苷酸脱羧酶orotidylic acid decarboxylase尿嘧啶核苷酸激酶uridine-5’-phosphate kinase核苷二磷酸激酶mucleoside diphosphokinase复制replication转录transcription 翻译translation三联体密码triplet code模板template逆转录reverse transcription逆转录酶reverse transcriptase逆转录病毒retrovirus自我复制self-replication半保留复制semiconservative replication拓扑学topology复制子replicon起点origin终点terminus转化子transformant反向重复inverted repeatsDNA聚合酶DNA polymerase取代环displacement loop核小体nucleosome信息大分子informational macromolecule指令instruction促突变因子mutator抗突变因子antimutator修复机制reair mechanism复制酶replicase核心酶core enzymeDNA连接酶DNA ligase冈崎片断Okazaki fragment顺反子cistron半不连续复制semidisontinuous replication前导链leading strand滞后链lagging strand引物合成酶primase拓扑异构体topological isomers拓扑异构酶topoisomerase切口封闭酶nick-closing enzyme旋转酶gyrase连锁体catenane解螺旋酶helicase解链蛋白unwinding protein复制体replisome引发体primosome前引发体preprimosome终止区terminus region 自主复制序列autonomously replicating sequence起点识别复合物origin recognition complex端粒telomere端粒酶telomerase复制许可因子replication licensing factor错配修复mismatch repair直接修复direct repair切除修复excision repair易错修复error-prone repair光复活修复photoreactivation repair暗修复dark repair光复活修复酶photoreactivating enzyme碱基切除修复base-excision repair核苷酸切除修复mucleotide-excision repair切除酶excinuclease辅蛋白酶coprotease性导sexduction转导transduction接合conjugation转化transformation细胞融合cell fusion受体细胞recipient cell附加体episome转座因子transposable element 转座子transposon转座酶transposase解离酶resolvaseRNA聚合酶RNA polymerase 全保留方式conservative mode 时序调控temporal regulation 适应调控adaptive regulation 操纵子结构模型operon structural model调节基因regulatory gene操纵基因operator阻遏蛋白repressor protein内含子intron外显子extron调节子regulon协同调节cooperative regulation激活蛋白activator整合酶integrase增强子enhanser终止子terminator多聚腺苷酸聚合酶polyadenylation细胞代谢调节和基因表达调控(cellular metabolism regulation and gene expression regulation and control)构造单元buliding block前馈feedforward反馈feedback一价/单价反馈抑制monovalent feedback inhibition 二价或多价反馈抑制divalent or multivalent feedback inhibition管家基因housekeeping genes组成型表达constitutive expression可调型表达regulated expression乳糖操纵子模型lac operon model启动子premotor操纵基因operator酶诱导enzyme induction酶阻遏enzyme repression辅阻遏物corepressor阻遏物蛋白aporepressor降解物基因活化蛋白catabolite gene activation protein衰减子attenuator上游控制元件upstream control静默子silencer锌指zinc finger亮氨酸拉链leucine zipper重组体recombinant分子克隆molecular cloning蛋白质工程protein engineering限制性核酸内切酶restricton endonuclease同尾酶isocaudamers 同裂酶isoschizomers回文结构palindrome质粒plasmid载体vector分子重排rearrangement基因文库genomic library多联体concatemer脂质体liposome可调基因regulated genes基因枪gene gun菌落形成单位colony forming unit筛选screening原位杂交in situ bybridization基因组测序genomic sequencing基因定位诱变site-directed mutagenesis 包涵体inclusion body整合质粒yeast integrating plasmid基因治疗gene therapy聚合酶链式反应polymerase chain reaction, PCR。
生物化学和分子生物学英语术语
生物化学和分子生物学英语术语*第一章蛋白质的结构与功能protein 蛋白质amino acid 氨基酸peptide bond 肽键isoelectric point 等电点peptide 肽oligopeptide 寡肽polypeptide 多肽residue 氨基酸残基amino terminal 氨基末端（N-端）carboxyl terminal 羧基末端（C-端）peptide unit 肽单元α-helix α-螺旋β-pleated sheet β-折叠β-turn β-转角random coil 无规卷曲motif 模体primary structure 一级结构secondary structure 二级结构tertiary structure 三级结构quaternary structure 四级结构domain 结构域molecular chaperone 分子伴侣protein family 蛋白质家族homologous protein 同源蛋白质cooperativity 协同效应positive cooperativity 正协同效应negative cooperativity 负协同效应allosteric effect 别构效应prion protein, PrP 朊病毒蛋白denaturation 变性renaturation 复性dialysis 透析*第二章核酸的结构与功能nucleic acid 核酸deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA 脱氧核糖核酸ribonucleic acid, RNA 核糖核酸nucleotide(,nt) 核苷酸deoxyribonucleotide 脱氧核糖核苷酸ribonucleotide 核糖核苷酸purine 嘌呤pyrimidine 嘧啶Adenine, A 腺嘌呤Guanine, G 鸟嘌呤Uracil, U 尿嘧啶Thymine, T 胸腺嘧啶Cytosine, C 胞嘧啶β-N-glycosidic bond β-N糖苷键phosphodiester bond 磷酸二酯键base sequence 碱基序列base pair, bp 碱基对kilobase pair, kbp 千碱基对anti-parallel 反向平行right-handed helix 右手螺旋major groove 大沟minor groove 小沟complementary base pair 互补碱基对complementary strand 互补链base stacking interaction 碱基堆积力telomere 端粒superhelix/supercoil 超螺旋结构chromatin 染色质chromosome 染色体nucleosome 核小体histone 组蛋白messenger RNA, mRNA 信使RNA open reading frame, ORF 开放(阅)读框codon 密码子transfer RNA, tRNA 转运RNArare base 稀有碱基stem-loop structures 茎环结构anticodon 反密码子ribosomal RNA, rRNA 核糖体RNA ribosome 核糖体non-coding RNA, ncRNA 非编码RNA DNA denaturation DNA变性hyperchromic effect DNA的增色效应renaturation 复性annealing 退火heteroduplex 杂化双链nucleic acid hybridization 核酸杂交deoxyribonuclease, DNase DNA酶ribonuclease, RNase RNA酶*第三章酶enzyme 酶monomeric enzyme 单体酶oligomeric enzyme 寡聚酶multienzyme complex 多酶复合物multienzyme system 多酶体系multifunctional enzyme 多功能酶tandem enzyme 串联酶simple enzyme 单纯酶conjugated enzyme 缀合酶(结合酶) coenzyme 辅酶prosthetic group 辅基metalloenzyme 金属酶metal activated enzyme 金属激活酶active center 活性中心essential group 必需基团binding group 结合基团catalytic group 催化基团isoenzyme/isozyme 同工酶activation energy 活化能turnover number 转换数specificity 特异性/专一性absolute specificity 绝对专一性relative specificity 相对专一性proximity effect 邻近效应orientation arrangement 定向排列desolvation 脱溶剂化surface effect 表面效应general acid-base catalysis 酸-碱催化作用nucleophilic catalysis 亲核催化covalent catalysis 共价催化electrophilic catalysis亲电催化maximum velocity 最大反应速率Michaelis constant, K m米氏常数turnover number 转换数optimum temperature 最适温度optimum pH 最适pHinhibitor 抑制剂irreversible inhibition 不可逆性抑制reversible inhibition 可逆性抑制competitive inhibition 竞争性抑制non-competitive inhibition 非竞争性抑制uncompetitive inhibition 反竞争性抑制apparent K m表观K mactivator 激活剂allosteric regulation 别（变）构调节allosteric enzyme 别构酶allosteric site 别构部位allosteric effector 别构效应剂covalent modification 共价调节zymogen 酶原*第五章维生素与无机盐vitamin 维生素lipid-soluble vitamin 脂溶性维生素water-soluble vitamin 水溶性维生素trace element 微量元素macroelement 常量元素*第六章糖代谢carbohydrates 糖（碳水化合物）Na+-dependent glucose transporter, SGLT Na+依赖型葡萄糖转运体glucose transporter, GLUT 依赖葡糖转运蛋白glycolysis 糖酵解lactic acid fermentation 乳酸发酵ethanol fermentation 乙醇发酵aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化anaerobic oxidation 无氧氧化hexokinase 己糖激酶glucokinase 葡糖激酶6-phosphofructokinase-1, PFK-1 磷酸果糖激酶-1 substrate-level phosphorylation 底物水平磷酸化phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸pyruvate kinase 丙酮酸激酶。
生物化学名词英汉互译Word版
碳水化合物（carbohydrate）单糖（monosaccharide）寡糖（oligosaccharide）多糖（polysaccharide）醛糖（aldose）酮糖（ketose）蔗糖（sucrose）乳糖（lactose）麦芽糖（maltose）纤维二糖（cellobiose）多糖（polysaccharides）淀粉（starch）直链淀粉（amylose）支链淀粉（amylopectin）纤维素（cellulose）半纤维素（hemicellulose）糖原（glycogen）几丁质（chitin）糖胺聚糖（glycosaminolgycan）脂类（lipids）脂肪酸（fatty acid）甘油三酯（glycerol triester）亲水脂类（amphipathic lipids）蜡（wax）磷酸甘油脂（phosphoglyceride）甘油磷脂（glycerophospholipid）磷脂酰胆碱（phosphatidylcholine）磷脂酰乙醇胺（phosphatidylethanolamine）磷脂酰丝氨酸（phoshatidylserine）磷脂酰肌醇（phosphatidylinositol, PI）肌醇三磷酸（inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate，IP3）二脂酰甘油（diacylglycerol，DAG）磷脂酸（phosphatidic acid，PA）磷脂酶A2（phospholipase A2，PLA2）磷脂酶C（phospholipase C，PLC）磷脂酶D（phospholipaseD，PLD）溶血磷脂(1ysophospholipid)鞘磷脂（sphingomyelin）神经酰胺（ceramide）类固醇（steroids）萜类（terpenes）胆固醇（cholesterol）麦角固醇（ergosterol）蛋白质 protein简单蛋白质 simple protein氨基酸 amino acid结合蛋白质conjugated protein多肽 polypeptide肽 peptide肽键 peptide bond介电常数dielectric constant范德华力 van der waals force层析法 chromatography 吸附层析法 adsorption chromatography分配系数 partition or distribution confficient活性肽 active peptide二硫键 disulfide bond兼性离子zwitterion一级结构 primary structure疏水效应 hydrophobic effectSDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 SDS-PAGE毛细管电泳（capillary eletrophoresis, CE）离子交换层析 ion exchange chromatography同源蛋白 homologous protein构象 conformation构象角 conformatiomal angle糖脂（glycolipid）糖基甘油酯（glycosylglyceride）鞘糖脂（glycosphingolipid）脑苷脂（cerebroside）N-乙酰神经氨酸（N-acetylneuraminic acid）神经节苷脂（ganglioside）硫酸脑苷脂（cerebroside sulfate）糖蛋白（glycoproteins）蛋白聚糖（proteoglycans）生物膜（biomembrane）膜脂（membrane lipids）膜蛋白（membrane proteins）脂质双层分子（lipid bilayers）外周蛋白（peripheral protein）外源性（extrinsic protein）内在蛋白（integral protein）内源性蛋白（intrinsic protein）跨膜蛋白（transmembrane proteins）流动镶嵌模型（fluid mosaic model）简单扩散（simple diffusion）协助扩散（facilitated diffusion）被动运输（passive transport）主动运输（active transport）介导性运输（mediated transport）非介导性运输（nonmediated transport）载体蛋白（carrier protein）通道蛋白（channel protein）离子通道（ionic channel）离子载体（ionophore）内吞作用（endocytosis）胞饮作用”（pinocytosis）外排作用（exocytosis）基团转移（group translocation）脂蛋白（lipoprotein）染色体（chromosome）染色质（chromatin）组蛋白（histone）核小体（nucleosome）病毒（virus）噬菌体（bacteriophage或简称phage）变性 denaturation沉降系数（S）Svedberg(S)抗体 antibody亲和层析法 affinity chromatography 盐溶 salting in盐析 salting out二级结构 secondary structure三级结构 tertiary structurea-螺旋 a-helix超二级结构 super-secondaery structure结构域 structure domain氢键 hydrogen bend疏水相互作用 hydrophoblic interaction肌红蛋白 myoglobin寡聚蛋白质 oligomeric protein无规则卷曲 randon coil复性 renaturation镰刀状细胞贫血病 sickle-cell anermia酶（enzyme）酶的专一性（specificity）单体酶（monomeric enzyme）寡聚酶（oligomeric enzyme）多酶复合体系（multienzyme system）酶活性中心（active center of enzyme）催化基团（catalytic site）酶原（zymogen or proenzyme）诱导契合（induced-fit theory）抗体酶（abzyme）酸碱催化（acid-base catalysis）共价催化(covalent catalysis)激活剂（activator）抑制剂（inhibitor）可逆抑制（reversible inhibition）竞争性抑制作用（competitive inhibition）非竞争性抑制作用（noncompetitive inhibition）调节酶（modulator）别构酶（allosteric enzyme）同配位效应（isosteric effect）变构效应（allosteric effect）变构激活（allosteric activation ）正协同效应（positive cooperative effect）负协同效应（negative cooperative effect）效应物（effector）维生素（vitamin）维生素缺少症（avitaminosis）调节中心（regulatory center）催化亚基（catalytic subunit）调节亚基（regulatory subunit）诱导酶（induced enzyme）结构酶（structural enzyme）核酶（ribozyme）辅酶（coenzyme）比活力（specific activity）脱氧核酶（deoxyribozyme）酶工程（enzyme engineering）酶纯度（purity of enzyme）酶活力（enzyme activity）a-淀粉酶（a-amylase）b-淀粉酶（b-amylase）脱支酶（debranching enzyme）淀粉的磷酸化酶（amylophosphorylase）糖酵解（glycolysis）三羧酸循环（tricarboxylic acid cycle，TCA）磷酸戊糖途径（pentose phosphate pathway，PPP）生物氧化（biological oxidation）烟酰胺脱氢酶类（nicotinamide dehydrogenase）黄素脱氢酶类（flavin dehydrogenase）铁硫蛋白类（iron-sulfur protein）泛醌（ubiquinone）细胞色素类（cytochromes）细胞色素氧化酶（cytochromeoxidase）鱼藤酮（rotenone）安密妥（amytal）杀粉蝶菌素（piericidine）抗霉素A（antimycin A）底物水平磷酸化（substrate-level phosphorylation）氧化磷酸化（oxidative phosphorylation）化学渗透假说（chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis）化学偶联假说（chemical coupling hypothesis）构象偶联假说（conformational coupling hypothesis）甘油-磷酸穿梭途径（glycerophosphate shuttle）苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭途径（malate- aspartate shuttle）异柠檬酸穿梭途径（isocitrate shuttle）能荷（energy charge）肉碱（肉毒碱，carnitine）乙醛酸体（乙醛酸循环体，glyoxysome）乙醛酸循环（glyoxylate cycle）酮体（ketone bodies）饱和脂肪酸的从头合成（de novo synthesis）谷氨酸脱氢酶（glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH）转氨基作用（transamination）转氨酶（transaminase）磷酸吡哆醛（pyridoxal phosphate，PLP）谷丙转氨酶（glutamic pyruvic transaminase，GPT或 alanine transaminase，ALT）谷草转氨酶（glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase，GOT或 aspartate transaminase，AST）γ-谷氨酰-半胱氨酸合成酶（γ-glutamyl systeine synthetase，γ-ECS）谷胱甘肽（glutathione）谷胱甘肽合成酶（glutathione synthetase）生物固氮（biological nitrogen fixation）固氮酶（nitrogenase）自身固氮微生物（diazatrophs）共生固氮微生物（symbiotic microorganism）硝酸还原酶（nitrate reductase，NR）亚硝酸还原酶（nitrite reductase，NiR）谷氨酸合酶（glutamate: oxo-glutarate aminotransferase，GOGAT）谷氨酰胺合成酶（glutamine synthetase，GS）腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸酐（adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate，APS）3'-磷酸腺酐-5'-磷酰硫酸（3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate，PAPS）5-磷酸核糖焦磷酸（phosphoribosyl pyrophosphaet，PRPP）天冬氨酸转氨甲酰酶（aspartate trsnscarbamoy lase）腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（adenine phosphoribosyl fransferase，APRT）黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase，HGPRT）谷胱甘肽还原酶（glutathione reductase，GR）谷氧还蛋白（glutaredoxin）谷氧还蛋白还原酶（glutaredoxin reductase）胸腺嘧啶核苷酸合酶（thymidylate synthase）DNA复制（DNA replication）中心法则（central dogma）冈崎片段（Okazaki fragement）前导链（leading strand）滞后链（lagging strand）引物（primer）复制叉（replication fork）半保留式复制（semiconservative replication）模板（template）反转录（reverse transcription）转换（transition）颠换（transversion）错配修复（mismatch repair）核苷酸切除修复（nucleotide excision repair）碱基切除修复（base excision repair）同源重组（homologous recombination）特异性重组（site-specific recombination）转座子（transposon）启动子（promoter）限制性内切酶（restriction endonuclease ）修饰（modification）单链结合蛋白（single stranded binding proteins, SSB）遗传密码（genetic code）读码框架（reading frame）移码突变（frame-shift mutation）简并性（degeneracy）同义密码子（synonymous codon）起始密码子（initiatlon codon）终止密码子（termination codon）摆动假说（wobble hypothesis)同功受体tRNA（isoaccepting tRNA）反密码子（anticodon）多核糖体（polyribisome）氨酰-tRNA合成酶（aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase）Shine –Dalgarno序列（Shine –Dalgarno sequence）起始因子（initiation factor）延伸因子（elongation factor）释放因子（release factor）转肽（transpeptidation）移位（translocation）分子伴侣（molecular chapeones）共翻译转移（co-translational translocation）翻译后转移（post-translational translocation）信号肽（signal sequence）信号识别颗粒（signal recognition particle SPR）代谢（metabolism）代谢调节（metabolic regulation）共价修饰（covalent modification）反馈抑制（feedback inhibition）操纵子模型（operon model）衰减作用（attenuation）级联放大作用（amplification cascade）变（别）构效应（allosteric effect）诱导和阻遏（induction and repression）蛋白激酶 C （protein kinase C，PKC）第二信使（second messenger）受体（receptor）G 蛋白（guanosine triphosphate-binding protein）信号转导（signal transduction钙调素（calmodulin，CaM）磷酯酶（phospholipase C，PLC）（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
生物化学及分子生物学名词中英文对照表
covalent modification
共价修饰
hydrolase
水解酶
inducer
诱导剂
lyase
裂解酶
corepressor
辅阻遏剂
isomerase
异构酶
lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)
乳酸脱氢酶
ligase
合成酶
creatine kinase(CK)
肌酸激酶
isoenzyme
金属激活酶
reversible inhibition
可逆性抑制
coenzyme
辅酶
competitive inhibition
竞争性抑制
prosthetic group
辅基
non-competitive inhibition
非竞争性抑制
essential group
必需基团
uncompetitive inhibition
核糖体RNA
transfer RNA(tRNA)
转运RNA
messenger RNA(mRNA)
信使RNA
3章biocatalyst
生物催化剂
proximity effect
邻近效应
enzyme
酶
orientation arrange
定向排列
substrate
底物
multielement catalysis
切除修复
recombination repairing
重组修复
reverse transcriptase
逆转录酶
integration
整合
ribozyme
核酶
汉英生物化学名词
汉英生物化学名词3-羟-3-甲戊醛酸||mevaldic acid5-氟尿嘧啶||5-fluorouracil, 5-FU5-氟脱氧尿苷||5-fluorodeoxyuridine5-溴脱氧尿苷||5-bromodeoxyuridine5-羟色氨酸||5-hydroxytryptophane5-羟色胺||serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT6-硫代鸟嘌呤||6-thioguanineC端||C-terminal; 又称“羧基端(carboxyl term inal)”。
DNA 印迹||Southern blotDNA拓扑异构酶||DNA topoisomeraseN-乙酰神经氨酸||N-acetylneuraminic acidN-羟乙酰神经氨酸||N-hydroxyacetylneuraminic acidN端||N-terminal; 又称“氨基端(amino terminal)”。
P 物质||P substanceRNA 印迹||Northern blotS-腺苷高半胱氨酸||S-adenosylhomocysteineS-腺苷甲硫氨酸||S-adenosylmethionineX射线衍射||X-ray diffraction[胞]内酶||endoenzyme[胞]外酶||ectoenzyme, lyoenzyme[酶]锁钥学说||lock and key theory[酶]诱导契合说||induced-fit theory[膜的]流动镶嵌模型||fluid mosaic model[微管]连接蛋白||nexin[运]载体||vector, vehicle●牛儿醇||geraniol●牛儿焦磷酸||geranylpyrophosphateα-甘油磷酸循环||α-glycerophosphate cycleα-酮戊二酸||α-ketoglutaric acidα淀粉酶||α-amylase; 俗称“糖化酶”。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
ribosome
核糖体
ribosomal RNA(rRNA)
核糖体RNA
transfer RNA(tRNA)
转运RNA
messenger RNA(mRNA)
信使RNA
nuclease
核酸酶
salvage pathway
补救合成
de novo synthesis
从头合成
uric acid
尿酸
inosine
互补DNA
molecular medicine
分子医学
gene therapy
基因治疗
genomic Dion
信号转导
hormone
激素
receptor
受体
secondary messenger
第二信使
ligand
配体
guanylate binding protein
模板链
core enzyme
核心酶
holoenzyme
全酶
operon
操纵子
promoter
启动子
Pribnow box
Pribnow盒
transacting factor
反式作用因子
transcriptional factor
转录因子
stern loop
茎环
hairpin
发夹
primary transcripts
分子生物学
adenine(A)
腺嘌呤
base
碱基
guanine(G)
鸟嘌呤
nudeotide
核苷酸
cytosine(C)
胞嘧啶
nucleoside
核苷
uracil(U)
尿嘧啶
thymine(T)
胸腺嘧啶
base pair
碱基对
phosphodiester linkage
磷酸二酯键
nucleosome
肌苷
the central dogma
中心法则
semiconservative replication
半保留复制
DNA dependent DNA polymerase
依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶
mitochondria DNA
线粒体DNA
exonuclease
核酸外切酶
incorporation
掺入
helicase
组成性基因表达
induction
诱导
repression
阻遏
operator
操纵序列
cis-acting element
顺式作用元件
trans-acting factor
反式作用因子
repressor
阻遏物
activator
激活物
catabolite gene activation protein
CAP分解代谢物基因激活蛋白
双向复制
replicon
复制子
leading strand
领头链
lagging strand
随从链
Okazakifragment
冈崎片段
rolling circle replication
滚环复制
telomerase
端粒酶
mutation
突变
dimer
二聚体
mismatch
错配
excission repairing
氯霉素
puromycin
嘌呤霉素
cycloheximide
防线菌酮
promoter
启动子
lac operon
乳糖操纵子
temporal specificity
时间特异性
spatial specificity
空间特异性
housekeeping gene
管家基因
constitutive expression
初级转录产物
post-transcriptional modification
转录后修饰
hetero-nuclear RNA
hnRNA
small nuclear RNA
snRNA
split gene
断ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ基因
exon
外显子
intron
内含子
self splicing
自我剪接
translation
翻译
codon
密码子
initiation codon
起始密码
termination codon
终止密码
code
密码
ribozyme cycle
核糖体循环
adaptor
转换器
post-translational processing
翻译后加工
interferon
干扰素
antibiotics
抗生素
anticodon
反密码子
切除修复
recombination repairing
重组修复
reverse transcriptase
逆转录酶
integration
整合
ribozyme
核酶
DNA dependent RNA polymerase
依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶
coding strand
编码链
template strand
releasing factor
释放因子
wobble pairing
摇摆配对
degeneracy
简并性
signal peptide
信号肽
secretory protein
分泌性蛋白质
elongation factor
延长因子
streptomycin
链霉素
tetracycline
四环素
chloromycetin
鸟苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白)
adenylate cyclase
腺苷酸环化酶
protein kinase A
蛋白激酶A
cAMP response element，CRE
cAMP应答元件
protein kinase C
蛋白激酶C
calmoduline，CaM
钙调蛋白
tyrosine-protein kinase，TPK
解螺旋酶
DNA topoisomerase
DNA拓扑异构酶
single stranded DNA binding protein
单链DNA结合蛋白
gyrase
旋转酶
primosome
引发体
primase
引物酶
DNA ligase
DNA连接酶
origin
起始点
bidirectional replication
转座子
recombination
重组
homologous recombination
同源重组
clone
克隆
cloning
克隆化
copy
拷贝
genetic engineering
基因工程
restriction endonulease
限制性内切酶
cloning rector
基因载体
plasmid
质粒
complementary DNA，cDNA
attenuation
转录衰减
attenuator
衰减子
enhance
增强子
general transcription factor
基本转录因子
zinc finger
锌指
transformation
转化
transfection
转染
transduction
转导
transposition
转座
transposon