林斯顿托福样题
林斯顿样题 21. Helium is _____ all gases to liquefy and is impossible to solidify at normal air pressure.(A) more than difficult(B) the most difficult of(C) more difficult of(D) most difficult2. Every year Canadian ______ about 75 percent of their exports to the United States.(A) businesses that sell(B) selling businesses(C) businesses sell(D) that sell to businesses3. An innovator, ballerina Augusta Maywood was ___ a traveling company.(A) to form the first(B) the first to form(C) who formed the first(D) forming the first4. When water freezes in the cracks of rocks, _____ expands, causing the rocks to break apart.(A) it(B) but(C) then(D) and5. With x-ray microscopes scientists can see through live insects ___ even through solid pieces of metal.(A) however(B) nevertheless(C) or(D) yet6. Dennis Chavez of New Mexico _____ to the House of Representatives in 1930 and to the Senate in 1938.(A) when elected(B) elected(C) who was elected(D) was elected7. _______ are not leached out of soil, reclamation procedures are needed to restore the land’sproductivity.(A) For concentration of salt(B) Salt concentrations that(C) If salt concentrations(D) With concentrations of salt8. ______ social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion ofeducational facilities for immigrants to the United States.(A) No(B) Nothing(C) Not(D) None9. ______ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.(A) In early(B) As early(C) Early(D) Was as early10. The quantum theory states ______, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite unitscalled quanta or photons.(A) energy that(B) that it is energy(C) it is energy(D) that energy11. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable _______ spring into full flight instantly whendisturbed in their hiding places.(A) they(B) to their(C) its(D) them to12. Geysers are found near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ______.(A) surface below the deep(B) deep below the surface(C) the deep below surface(D) the deep surface below13. Algebra generalizes certain basic laws _____ the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of all numbers.(A) govern(B) that govern(C) have governed(D) which they govern14. Even at low levels,______(A) the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead(B) lead’s detrimental effects are producing the nervous system(C) lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system(D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on the nervous system15. _____ a lonely and rugged life, far from home and family.(A) However the early gold prospector often lived(B) The early gold prospector often lived(C) Not only did the early gold prospector often live(D) The early gold prospector often living16. The culinary expert Fannie Farmer taught dietetics, kitchen management, and to cook at herfamous Boston school.17. The elephant relies more on its sense of smell than for any other sense.17. A few of the naturally elements exist in such small amounts that they are known mainly fromlaboratory-made samples.19. Some insects hear ultrasonic sounds more than two octaves than higher humans can.20. Because of its larger size, the United States House of Representatives is more impersonal,hierarchical, and specialization than the Senate.21. To stay warm in cold weather cold-blooded animals must expose itself to a source of warmth suchas direct sunlight.22. A severe illness where she was just nineteen months old deprived the well-known writer andlecturer Helen Keller of both her sight and her hearing.23. Like all ecological systems, a forest is made up of a living environment and a nonlivingenvironment, the latter composed of air, rocks,soiled,and water.24. The purposeful of the elementary school is to introduce children to the skills, information, andattitudes necessary for a smooth adjustment to society.25. Notorious as a host for wheat rust, the barberry bush has been banned from many area.26. Christopher Plummer is a Canadian actor who has starred in stage, television and film productionson both sides the Atlantic Ocean.27. A microphone enables musical tones to be amplified, thus making it possible the gentle renditionsof soft songs in large halls.28. The poetry of e.e. cummings illustrates the way in which some poets bend grammatical rules asthey strive to expression their insights.29. In the wild, tea plants become trees of approximately thirty feet in high.30. Accounting is described as art of classifying, recording, and reporting significant financial events.31. The development of the watch depended upon the invent of the mainspring.32. The ordeal of the Cherokee Indians who were forcible moved from their homeland in the 1830’s isremembered as the “Trail of Tears.”33. Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if participants push themselvesgreatly hard.34. The structure but behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals.35. Ala ska’s rough climate and terrain divide the state into isolated regions, making highwaymaintenance difficulty.36. For hundreds of years, sailors relied on echoes to warn them of another ships, icebergs or cliffs infoggy weather.37. Although he is employed in the scientific and technical fields, the metric system is not generallyutilized in the United States.38. Prototypical oboes did a loud, harsh tone, but the modern oboe is appreciated for its smooth andbeautiful tone.39. Beneath the deep oceans that cover two-thirds of the Earth, intriguing secret of the planet areconcealed.40. The pioneer John Chapman received the “Johnny Appleseed” because he planted appleseedlings during him travels in what are now Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.普林斯顿样题 31. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile strength, appearance, ---.(A) is hard(B) although hard(C) has hardness(D) and hardness2. --- who was the first Black woman to run for the office of President of the United States in1972.(A) Shirley S. Chisholm(B) It was Shirley S. Chisholm(C) Shirley S. Chisholm was(D) When Shirley S. Chisholm3. --- versatile performer, soprano Kathleen Battle has often concluded a program of art songs and arias with selections from ragtime or popular music.(A) A(B) Which(C) So(D) Because4. Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, ---, and memorize lighthouse locations to prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter.(A) sailing directions are studied(B) study the sailing directions(C) to direct sailing studies(D) studies direct sailing5. --- social nesting birds that build their nests in trees and on cliffs.(A) The most storks(B) Most are storks(C) Most storks are(D) Storks most6. Plankton, ---, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean.(A) comprise both minute marine animals and plants(B) is the name given to minute marine animals and plants(C) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants(D) minute marine animals and plants collectively that7. The best-known diffuse nebula is the great Orion Nebula,--- can be seen by the naked eye.(A) one(B) it(C) which(D) who8. Of all the economically important plants, palms have been --- .(A) the least studied(B) study the least(C) study less and less(D) to study the less9. Most amphibians hatch from eggs laid in water or moist ground, and begin life --- water-dwelling larvae.(A) such(B) as(C) to be(D) are10. At the Seventh International Ballet Competitions, Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever --- to a United States male dancer.(A) to be awarded(B) to award(C) that awards(D) should be awarding11. Founded around 1075, the Acoma pueblo is considered --- settlement in the United States.(A) the oldest continuously occupied(B) occupied continuously the oldest(C) the oldest occupied continuously(D) continuously the oldest occupied12. On March 1, 1867, --- to the Union when President Andrew Johnson’s veto was overridden.(A) since the state of Nebraska had been admitted(B) admitted that the state of Nebraska(C) the admission of the state of Nebraska(D) the state of Nebraska was admitted13. The best known of all the Arctic birds, --- .(A) birdwatchers favor ptarmigans(B) being ptarmigans and birdwatchers’ favorites(C) favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchers(D) ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers14. Nearly all trees contain a mix of polymers that can burn like petroleum --- properly extracted.(A) after(B) if(C) when it(D) is15. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people --- .(A) do(B) hear(C) do them(D) hearing it16. Emily Dickinson, one of the greatest poets of the United States, was entirely almost unknown tothe people of her own time.17. Charcoal is employed widely as a deodorizer because it absorbs gases good.18. Abstract Expressionism was a movement in American painting that flourished from the mid-1940’sand mid 1950’s.19. The National Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City pay tribute to everyone associated with whatAmericans call the “Old West.”machine that registers difference brain waves in a sleeping individual.21. The Obie Awards have been given annually for 1956 to outstanding artists in off-Broadway theater.23. Because geophysics embraces the concepts, data, and methods of variety other sciences, it isvery board in scope, and its boundaries are hard to define.24. A white oak at Rutgers University is said to had been the inspiration for Joyce Kilmer’s poem“Trees”.25. Starfish move, feed, and breathes with their tube feet.26. The Whitney Museum continues to reflect the diversity of the art of the United Stated in all of itacquisitions.28. Despite the broad acclaim of him novels, James Baldwin is most highly respected as an essayistand social critic.29. Along the East Coast, American India women’s councils could vote a declaration of war atrefusing to supply moccasins and field rations.30. In proportion to its size, the hungriest animal is the shrew, which must consume several timestheir own weight every day.knowledge which learned by living there for many years.32. North America has eight time zone, ranging from Newfoundland on the East Coast to Alaska onthe West Coast.33. Historians believe that some forms of an advertising must be as old as barter and trade.34. Although fluorine tests and x-ray analyses, archaeologists can prove the validity of artifacts.35. Dams are used to control flooding, provide water for irrigation, and generating electricity for thesurrounding area.36. The development of photographic techniques and equipment provided an important aid to industry,medical, and research.37. United States tennis championship Pancho Gonzales gained international acclaim for his strongserve.38. Many television newscasters make the public an eyewitness to the news by means of on-the-spot,alive reports.39. Certain zoologists regard crows and ravens are the most intelligent of birds.40. While the twentieth century, the field of dentistry has developed braches that specialize in thetreatment of individual dental problems普林斯顿样题 41 .Hanya Holm is a doctor, choreographer, and ---.（A）dance that she teaches（B）her teaching of dance（C）to teach dancing（D）dance teacher2. During an eclipse of the Sun, --- in the shadow of the Moon.（A）the Earth lies（B）the Earth when lying（C）that the Earth lies（D）the lying Earth3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda Doolittle became associated with the Imagists and --- into one of the most original poets of the group.（A）developed（B）to be developed（C）who developing（D）developing it4. --- all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches the ground; some of it is lost through evaporation.（A）Nowhere（B）Not（C）No（D）None5. In an area first explored by Samuel de Champlain, --- .（A）establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749（B）in 1749 the city of Halifax established（C）in 1749,establishing the city of Halifax（D）the city of Halifax was established in 17496. A nation’s merchant marine is made up of its commercial ships and the people --- them.（A）they operate（B）who operate（C）they operate of（D）do they operate77 -- Nat Turner who led a revolt against slavery in Virginia in 1831.（A）Where was（B）It was（C）He was（D）That he was8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ---,domed communal structure built bysocial weaverbirds.（A）larger（B）largely is（C）the large（D）is the large9. William Walker’s mural, “ Wall of Respect”, --- an outdoor wall in Chicago, dealswith social issues.（A）covers（B）covers it（C）which covers（D）which it covers10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate --- yield when unusual weight isplaced on them.（A）although its crust and mantle（B）its crust and mantle to（C）that its crust and mantle（D）for its crust and mantle to11. The columbine flower, --- to nearly all of the United States, can be raised from seedin almost any garden.（A）native（B）how native is（C）how native is it（D）is native12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually depends on the duration of darkness, --- .（A）the light is not on（B）and not on light（C）but is not on the light（D）is not on light13. ---, the first Black denomination in the United States.(A) Richard Allen founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church(B) Richard Allen, who founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church founded by Richard Allen(D) The foundation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church by Richard Allen14. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than --- .(A) that of its mining and farming combined(B) mining and farming combination(C) that mining and farming combined(D) of its combination mining and farming15. The wallflower --- because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.(A) so called is(B) so is called(C) is so called(D) called is so16 The tongue is capable of many motions and configurations and plays a vital role in chewing,swallowed, and speaking.17. Instead of being housed in one central bank in Washington, D.C, the Federal Reserve system isdivision into twelve districts.18. Philodendrons of various kinds are cultivated for their beautifully foliage.19. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails and to search for their food by probing the groundwith their long bills.20. William Penn founded the city of Philadelphia in 1682, and he quickly grew to be the largest city incolonial America.21. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than in other any Canadian province except Prince EdwardIsland.22. Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman college, served as advice to bothFranklin Delano Roosevelt and Harry Truman.23. Some plant produce irritating poisons that can affect a person even if he or she merely brushesagainst them.24. The rotation of the Earth on its axis is responsible the alternation of periods of light and darkness.25. Anne Elizabeth McDowell is best remembered for a weekly journal, Woman’s Advocat e, who shelaunched in January 1855.26. In every society there are norms that say individuals how they are supposed to behave.27. An erupting volcano or an earthquakes sometimes affected the featured of the surrounding regionand can even cause lakes to disappear.28. Most tree frogs change color to harmonize with its background.29. Due to the refraction of light rays, this is impossible for the naked eye to determine the exactlocation of a star close to horizon.30. Modern poets have experimented with poetic devices such alliteration and assonance.31. Birds eggs vary greatly of size, shape, and color.32. Social reformer Frederick Douglass dedicated his life to working for the abolish of slavery and thefight for civil rights.33. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian Rockies, is named after a famous nurses.34. Xanthines have both good and bad effect on the body, and these effects are generally determinedon the size and regularity of dosage.35. When a severe ankle injury forced herself to give up reporting in 1926, Margaret Mitchell beganwriting her novel Gone with the wind.36. One of the most difficult problems in understanding sleep is determining what the functions ofsleep is.37. The Millicent Rogers Museum houses five thousands pieces of Hispanic and American Indiajewelry, textiles, and other objects documenting the vibrancy of these cultures.38. Seven of planets rotate in the same direction as their orbital motions, while Venus and Uranusrotate in the opposite direction.39. In the United States voters election representatives to the national legislature, which consists ofthe House of Representatives and Senate.40 It is the interaction between people,rather than the events that occur in their lives that are the mainfocus of social psychology.。
托福培训考试题库及答案
托福培训考试题库及答案托福（Test of English as a Foreign Language，简称TOEFL）是一项测试非英语母语者英语能力的标准化考试，广泛用于申请英语国家的大学和专业机构。
以下是一些托福培训考试题库及答案，供考生练习使用：听力部分1. 听一段关于生物学讲座的录音，然后回答以下问题：- 讲座的主题是什么？- 教授提到了哪些关键的生物学概念？- 学生在讲座中提出了哪些问题？答案：- 讲座的主题是细胞分裂的过程。
- 教授提到了有丝分裂和减数分裂两个关键概念。
- 学生询问了细胞周期的不同阶段及其功能。
2. 听一段校园广播，然后回答以下问题：- 广播中提到了哪些校园活动？- 活动的时间和地点是什么？- 广播中是否提到了参与活动的要求？答案：- 广播中提到了国际文化节和环保讲座。
- 国际文化节将在下周六在学生中心举行，环保讲座将在下周三在图书馆报告厅举行。
- 广播中提到参与国际文化节需要提前注册，环保讲座则无需注册。
阅读部分1. 阅读一篇关于气候变化的文章，然后回答以下问题：- 文章的主要论点是什么？- 作者提供了哪些证据来支持其观点？- 文章提出了哪些解决方案？答案：- 文章的主要论点是气候变化对全球环境和经济的严重影响。
- 作者提供了科学研究数据、历史气候记录和专家意见作为证据。
- 文章提出了减少温室气体排放、发展可再生能源和国际合作等解决方案。
2. 阅读一篇关于历史事件的短文，然后回答以下问题：- 短文描述了哪个历史事件？- 事件的主要原因和结果是什么？- 作者对事件的评价是什么？答案：- 短文描述了法国大革命。
- 事件的主要原因是社会不平等和经济危机，结果是推翻了君主制并建立了共和国。
- 作者认为法国大革命是一次重要的社会和政治变革，但同时也指出了其带来的暴力和混乱。
口语部分1. 描述你最喜欢的季节，并解释为什么。
- 我最喜欢的季节是秋天。
秋天的天气凉爽宜人，树叶的颜色变化丰富多彩，给人一种宁静和收获的感觉。
托福阅读真题第176篇Costs...
托福阅读真题第176篇Costs...Costs and Benefits of DispersalParagraph 1: In order to move from one home base to another, animals must expend calories not only while moving but even before the dispersal when they invest in the development of the muscles needed to move. For example, if a cricket is to leave a deteriorating environment and move to a new and better place, it will need large flight muscles to fly away. Presumably, the calories and materials that go into flight muscle development and maintenance have to come out of the general energy budget of the animal. This means that other organ systems cannot develop as rapidly as they could otherwise, which may mean that the flight-capable individual is, in some other respects, less fit to survive.1. In paragraph 1, the discussion of cricket dispersal is used to illustrate which of the following principles?O For dispersing animals, the benefits of dispersal exceed the costs.O Dispersal always involves costs for the dispersing animal.O Only animals with the greatest fitness for survival are able to disperse.O Dispersal, as much as organ development, requires energy.Paragraph 2: Dispersing individuals not only have to pay energetic, developmental, and travel costs but are also more often exposed to predators—all of which raises the question, why are animals so often willing to leave home even when this means leaving a familiar, resource-rich location? This question is particularly pertinent for species in which some individuals disperse while others do not or do not disperse as far. Onespecies in which some individuals travel farther than others is Belding’s ground squirrel. Young male squirrels travel about 150 meters from the burrow in which they were born, whereas young females usually settle down only 50 meters or so from where they were born. Why should young Belding’s ground squirrels disperse at all, and why should the males disperse farther than their sisters?2. According to paragraph 2, what is of particular interest about the dispersal of Belding’s ground squirrels?O Young squirrels disperse farther than adults.O Young squirrels disperse even from resource-rich areas.O The males and females have different patterns of dispersal.O They leave the mother’s burrow at an earlier age than other squirrels.3. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the phenomenon of dispersalO is difficult to observe in the wildO occurs for reasons that are not always immediately apparentO is motivated by the desire to obtain more or better resourcesO has few benefits for most speciesParagraph 3: According to one argument, dispersal by juvenile animals of many species may be an adaptation against problems associated with inbreeding. When two closely related individuals mate, their offspring are more likely to manifest genetic diseases than are the offspring of genetically unrelated individuals, and as a result, inbreeding tends to produce animals that are less likely to survive to adulthood and reproduce. Dispersal of juveniles makes inbreeding less likely.4. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.O When closely related individuals mate, their offspring are likely to manifest genetic diseases that will probably be passed on to the next generation.O Genetic diseases inherited from parents that are not related make it less likely that the affected offspring will survive to adulthood and reproduce.O When two related individuals mate, their offspring may survive to adulthood, but they are unlikely to reproduce.O There is a tendency for the offspring of closely related parents to have genetic diseases that make it less likely they will survive and reproduce.Paragraph 4: If avoidance of inbreeding is the point of dispersing, then one might expect as many female ground squirrels as males to travel 150 meters from their natal burrow. In fact females do not disperse as far as males, perhaps because the costs and benefits of dispersal differ for the two sexes. It has been suggested that the reproductive success of female Belding’s ground squirrels depends on their possession of a territory in which to rear their young. Female ground squirrels that remain near their birthplace enjoy assistance from their mothers in the defense of their burrows against rival females. Thus, the benefits of remaining on familiar ground are greater for females than for males.5. According to paragraph 4, young female Belding’s ground squirrels may remain closer to where they were born than do males in order toO avoid inbreeding with their male siblingsO avoid competition with other females for territoryO save energy they need to defend their burrowsO benefit from their mothers’ helpParagraph 5: There may, however, be another reason why male mammals disperse greater distances than females. The usual rule is that males, not females, fight with one another for access to mates, and, therefore, males that lose such conflicts may find it advantageous to move away from same-sex rivals that they cannot subdue. Although this hypothesis probably does not apply to Belding’s ground squirrels, since young males have not been seen fighting with older ones around the time of dispersal, the idea is more plausible with respect to some other species, such as lions.6. According to paragraph 5, the hypothesis that males disperse as a result of conflicts with other males is not supported in the case of Belding’s ground squirrels becauseO young male squirrels that lose fights to other males do not disperseO unlike most species, it is the females, not the males, that fight with each otherO there is no evidence that young male squirrels fight with other males before dispersingO fights between males generally take place after the males have dispersedParagraph 6: Lions live in large groups, or prides, from which young males disperse. In contrast, the daughters of the resident lionesses usually spend their entire lives close to where they were born. The sedentary females benefit from their familiarity with good hunting grounds and safe breeding dens in their natalterritory, among other things. The departure of many young male lions coincides with the arrival of new mature males that violently displace the previous masters of the pride and chase off the males that are not yet adults in the pride as well. These observations support the mate-competition hypothesis for male dispersal. However, if young males are not evicted after a pride takeover, they often leave anyway without any coercion from adult males and without ever having attempted to mate with their female relatives. Moreover, mature males that have claimed a pride sometimes disperse again, expanding their range to add a second pride of females, at a time when their daughters in the first pride are becoming sexually mature. Inhibitions against inbreeding apparently exist in lions and cause males to leave home.7. According to paragraphs 5 and 6, the patterns of dispersal in Belding’s ground squirrels and lions are similar in which of the following ways?O Young males are forced to disperse by older males.O Avoiding inbreeding is probably not a factor in the explanation of the pattern of dispersal.O Males disperse when new siblings are born.O The males disperse farther than the females.8. Why does the author provide the information that “if young males are not evicted after a pride takeover, they often leave anyway without any coercion from adult males and without ever having attempted to mate with their female relatives”?O To support the conclusion that male lions disperse to find mates to which they are not closely relatedO To indicate that the mate-competition hypothesis does not fully account for the dispersal of young male lionsO To imply that young male lions voluntarily leave a pride that has been taken over because the adult males prevent them from mating within the prideO To indicate that males, not females, leave a pride after it has been taken over by adult malesParagraph 4: ■If avoidance of inbreeding is the point of dispersing, then one might expect as many female ground squirrels as males to travel 150 meters from their natal burrow. ■In fact females do not disperse as far as males, perhaps because the costs and benefits of dispersal differ for the two sexes. ■It has been suggested that the reproductive success of female Belding’s ground squirrels depends on their possession of a t erritory in which to rear their young. ■Female ground squirrels that remain near their birthplace enjoy assistance from their mothers in the defense of their burrows against rival females. Thus, the benefits of remaining on familiar ground are greater for females than for males.9. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.However, inbreeding can be avoided without both males and their female relatives dispersing the same distance.Where would t he sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces wherethey belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Many young animals disperse from where they are born.Answer ChoicesO There are a number of competing explanations of why animals disperse, but none of them is consistent with all the observed patterns of dispersal.O The reason there is little inbreeding among lions is that young males are driven away from their female relatives by the adult males who forcibly take over a lion pride.O Inbreeding significantly lowers the likelihood that offspring will survive, and so avoiding inbreeding is a significant benefit of dispersal.O Since males of most species must establish a territory for mating, dispersing of the males makes it more likely that most males will be able to reproduce.O There need to be significant benefits for a species to disperse because the requirements of dispersal involve energy costs and dangers for the dispersing individuals.O In mammal species, young males often leave their family group while related females benefit from remaining in close association with each other and their birthplace.。
2016年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析(2)
2016 年托福阅读模拟试题及答案解析 (2)托福阅读试题1.What can be inferred from paragraph 1 aboutBritain's short supply of wood in the eighteenthcentury?A.Wood from Britain’s great forests was beingexported to other countries for profit.B.A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land forfarming.rger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.D.What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.2.Select TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 1, are true statementsabout Russia’s iron industry in the eighteenth century. To obtain credit, you mustselect TWO answer choices.A.Russia reached its maximum production of iron at the same time as Britain.B.Russia exported much of its iron production to Britain.C.Russia’s appetite for iron increased rapidly after 1740.D.Russia’s energy resourceseventually became insufficient and limited the growth of its iron industry.3.The word "abundant" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.reliableB.plentifulC.well-preservedD.existing4.Why are "beer, glass, soap, and other products" mentioned in the discussion ofBritain’s energy?A.To help explain why the energy crisis was so severeB.To show that despite the energy crisis and as early as 1640, London homes were advancedand well suppliedC.To emphasize that after 1640, British homes required energy for more than heatD.To indicate that coal had been used for the production of certain products before theeighteenth century5.According to paragraph 3, all of the following are ways in which the Savery andNewcomen engines were similar EXCEPT:A.Both became relatively inexpensive after the 1770s.B.Both produced steam by burning coal.C.Both were used to operate pumps.D.Both were very inefficient.6.The word "gifted" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.independentB.talentedC.famousD.ambitious7.According to paragraph 4, what was James Watt’s major achievement?A. He was able to apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientificinstruments and tools for skilled crafts workers.B.He taught university physics courses to outstanding students whose observations led tomany patented inventions.C.He improved the efficiency of Newcomen’s engine by preventing energy from being lost.D.He redesigned Newcomen’s engine so that it no longer needed a separate condenser.8.The word "splendid" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.originalB.necessaryC.magnificentD.popular9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a development thatgreatly changed the production of iron?A.The use of coke in the smelting of pig ironB.The invention of a furnace that used coke to refine ironC.The discovery of a method for increasing the production of charcoalD.The invention of powerful machinery that could shape, form, and finish iron10.In paragraph 6, why does the author compare British iron production in 1740 withthat of 1844?A.To contrast the amounts of iron needed in Britain in two different centuriesB.To illustrate how easy it was to make money using Cort’s inventionC.To demonstrate the tremendous growth of the iron industry in BritainD.To demonstrate how inexpensive coal had become11.The word "indispensable" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.advantageousB.essentialC.less costlyD.highly stimulating12.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the development ofsteam power?A.The steam engine’s basic technology can be traced back to medieval Britain when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activities.B.Although Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously,Britain wasfirst to try it in a large-scale industry due to a greater need for iron.C.Steam-power technology was largely the result of improvements developed to increase thesupply of coal as a primary source of energy.D.Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radicaldevelopments in machinery used in the iron industry.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? Energy had not been aproblem for Britain in the past because it relied on a rich source of energy: its vastforests.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. ■【A】 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had longago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. ■【B】Wood was in ever-shorter supply, yet itremained tremendously important.■【C】It served as the primary source of heat for allhomes and industries and as a basic raw material.■【D】Processed wood (charcoal) was thefuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blast furnace to produce pig iron (raw iron). The ironindustry’s appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry wasstagnating.Vast forests enabled Russia to become the world’s leading producer of iron,much ofwhich was exported to Britain.But Russia’s potential for growth was limited too,and in a fewdecades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holdingEngland back.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of thepassage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some answer choicesdo not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented inthe passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.By the eighteenth century,Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy.A.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain lessdependent on wood.B.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources ofenergy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries.C.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages ofrelying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.D.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it usefulto several industries.E.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries fromcotton to iron production.F.Steam power increased coal production,which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of theiron industry and the British economy.托福阅读答案1.B2.BD3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.C9.C10.C11.B12.C13.A14.CDF。
托福考试题目汇总及答案
托福考试题目汇总及答案1. 阅读部分1.1 阅读题目一：文章主题为“早期人类的迁徙”。
请根据文章内容，回答以下问题：1.1.1 文章中提到的早期人类迁徙的主要原因是什么？1.1.2 迁徙过程中，人类遇到了哪些挑战？1.2 阅读题目二：文章主题为“城市化对环境的影响”。
请根据文章内容，回答以下问题：1.2.1 城市化如何影响空气质量？1.2.2 文章中提到了哪些解决方案来减少城市化对环境的负面影响？2. 听力部分2.1 听力题目一：对话内容涉及学生与教授讨论即将到来的论文截止日期。
请根据对话内容，回答以下问题：2.1.1 学生为什么担心论文的截止日期？2.1.2 教授给出了什么建议来帮助学生？2.2 听力题目二：讲座内容关于“海洋生物多样性”。
请根据讲座内容，回答以下问题：2.2.1 讲座中提到了哪些海洋生物？2.2.2 讲座中解释了哪些因素对海洋生物多样性的影响？3. 口语部分3.1 口语题目一：描述一个你认为对环境有益的活动，并解释为什么。
3.2 口语题目二：讨论一个你认为可以提高工作效率的方法，并给出理由。
4. 写作部分4.1 写作题目一：你是否同意以下观点：现代科技使人们比过去更忙碌？给出你的理由和例子。
4.2 写作题目二：描述一个你认为重要的教育改革，并解释为什么这个改革是必要的。
答案：1. 阅读部分1.1 答案一：1.1.1 早期人类迁徙的主要原因是为了寻找食物和水源。
1.1.2 迁徙过程中，人类面临的挑战包括恶劣的天气条件和疾病。
1.2 答案二：1.2.1 城市化导致更多的工业排放和汽车尾气，从而影响空气质量。
1.2.2 文章中提到的解决方案包括增加公共交通和推广绿色能源。
2. 听力部分2.1 答案一：2.1.1 学生担心论文的截止日期是因为他还没有开始写论文。
2.1.2 教授建议学生制定一个写作计划，并提供额外的辅导时间。
2.2 答案二：2.2.1 讲座中提到的海洋生物包括珊瑚、海龟和海豚。
2001年8月TOEFL试题阅读部分及答案2
Questions 10-19The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, theirnests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks Line for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.(5) The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away fromeggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involvesfirst moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily throughthe grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like (10) squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location wellaway from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which (15) the plover "escapes" is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuumof injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The (20) bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt totake to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance,seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the "useless" wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey.Needless to say, each short run between "flight attempts" is directed away from the nest.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers(B) How predators search for plovers(C) The strategies used by plovers to deceive predators(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators11. The word "merely" in fine 3 is closest in meaning to(A) often(B) only(C) usually(D) at first12. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.(B) They are generally defenseless when away From their nests.(C) They are slow to react in dangerous situations.(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.13. The word "emitting" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) bringing(B) attracting(C) producing(D) minimizing14. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2. the plover tries to(A) stay close to her nest(B) attract the predator's attention(C) warn other plovers of danger(D) frighten the approaching predator15. The word "spanning" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) covering(B) selecting(C) developing(D) explaining16. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?(A) Abnormal body position(B) Irregular escape route(C) Unnatural wing movement(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest17. The word "pursue" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) catch(B) notice(C) defend(D) chase18. According to the passage, a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT(A) appearing to be injured(B) sounding like another animal(C) pretending to search for prey(D) pretending to sit on her eggs19. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples(C) A comparison and contrast of the nesting behavior of plovers and other ground nesting birds(D) A cause-and-efleet analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator。
95年8月托福考试阅读理解全真试题（上）
Question 1-9 The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago， the deep - ocean floor was completely inaccessible，hidden beneath waters averaging over 3，6000 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s surface， the deep - ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans， in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. Although researchers have taken samples of deep - ocean rocks and sediments for over a century， the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968， with the beginning of the National Science Foundation s Deep Sea Drilling Project （DSDP）。
托福考试模拟试题及答案word
托福考试模拟试题及答案word一、听力部分1. 听一段对话，然后选择正确的答案。
- 问题：对话中提到了什么活动？- 选项：A. 看电影B. 参加派对C. 去图书馆- 答案：B2. 听一段讲座，然后回答以下问题。
- 问题：讲座中提到了哪些主要观点？- 答案：讲座主要讨论了环境保护的重要性以及个人在日常生活中可以采取的措施。
二、阅读部分1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答相关问题。
- 短文：《城市化的影响》- 问题：城市化对环境有哪些影响？- 答案：城市化导致空气污染、水资源短缺和生物多样性的减少。
2. 阅读以下文章，然后选择正确的答案。
- 文章：《科技与教育》- 问题：科技如何改变教育？- 选项：A. 通过在线课程B. 通过提高学费C. 通过减少教师数量- 答案：A三、口语部分1. 描述你最近参加的一个活动，并解释为什么你选择参加它。
- 答案示例：我最近参加了一个环保志愿者活动，因为我对环境保护非常感兴趣，并且希望能够为保护我们的地球做出贡献。
2. 讨论你如何看待全球化对文化的影响。
- 答案示例：我认为全球化促进了不同文化之间的交流和理解，但同时也可能导致某些文化特色的丧失。
四、写作部分1. 写一篇短文，讨论科技发展对日常生活的影响。
- 答案示例：科技发展极大地方便了我们的日常生活，例如智能手机让我们随时随地都能获取信息，但同时也带来了隐私和安全问题。
2. 选择一个你感兴趣的话题，写一篇文章表达你的观点。
- 答案示例：我选择讨论教育的重要性。
教育不仅能够提高个人的生活质量，也是社会进步和发展的关键。
结束语托福考试是一个全面评估英语能力的测试，希望以上的模拟试题及答案能够帮助你更好地准备考试。
记住，持续的练习和复习是提高语言能力的关键。
祝你考试顺利！请注意，以上内容仅为模拟试题，实际的托福考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。
考生应以官方发布的考试指南为准。
托福考试题目汇总及答案
托福考试题目汇总及答案1. 阅读部分在阅读部分，考生需要阅读三篇文章，并回答相关问题。
以下是一篇示例文章及相关问题。
文章摘要：本文讨论了城市化对环境的影响，包括空气污染和水资源短缺。
问题1：城市化对环境的主要影响是什么？答案：城市化导致的主要环境影响包括空气污染和水资源短缺。
问题2：文章中提到的解决水资源短缺的方法有哪些？答案：文章中提到了提高水资源利用效率和开发替代水源作为解决水资源短缺的方法。
2. 听力部分听力部分包括对话和讲座，考生需要根据听到的内容回答问题。
对话摘要：学生和教授讨论了一个即将到来的生物学考试。
问题1：学生为什么去找教授？答案：学生去找教授是为了讨论即将到来的生物学考试。
问题2：教授给学生提供了什么建议？答案：教授建议学生复习课堂笔记，并参加学习小组。
3. 口语部分口语部分要求考生就给定的话题发表自己的观点。
话题：描述一个你认为对城市发展有积极影响的公共项目。
答案示例：我认为城市公园对城市发展有积极影响。
它们不仅提供了绿色空间，有助于改善城市空气质量，还为居民提供了休闲和社交的场所。
4. 写作部分写作部分包括独立写作和综合写作两个任务。
独立写作题目：你是否同意以下观点：学校应该减少体育活动，以便学生有更多的时间学习？答案示例：我不同意学校应该减少体育活动的观点。
体育活动对于学生的身心健康至关重要，而且有助于提高学习效率。
综合写作题目：阅读材料中提出了三个解决交通拥堵的方法，听力材料中有人对这些方法进行了评论。
答案示例：阅读材料中提出的三个解决交通拥堵的方法包括增加公共交通投资、提高燃油税和实施交通管制。
听力材料中的人认为增加公共交通投资是有效的，但提高燃油税可能会增加低收入家庭的负担，而交通管制可能会引起公众不满。
(完整版)雅思托福基础练习题
(完整版)雅思托福基础练习题雅思托福基础练题(完整版)
本文档提供了一系列雅思和托福基础练题，旨在帮助考生熟悉
考试题型和提高语言能力。
以下是800字以上的练题，供考生参考。
1. 雅思写作练题
题目：人们是否应该坚持面对面交流，而不是通过手机或电子
邮件进行交流？你的观点是什么？请提供理由和例子支持你的观点。
2. 雅思阅读理解练题
阅读以下文章，然后回答问题：
文章：
友情是我们生活中重要的一部分。
友谊可以使我们更快乐、更
健康，并且在困难时给予我们支持。
科学研究表明，与真正的朋友
交往有助于减轻压力，并促进身心健康。
问题：
- 友谊对我们的生活有哪些积极影响？
- 为什么与真正的朋友交往有助于减轻压力？
3. 托福听力练题
听录音并选择正确的答案：
录音：
W: Excuse me, can you tell me where the bookstore is?
M: Sure, it's just around the corner. You can't miss it.
问题：
- Where is the bookstore located?
4. 托福口语练题
题目：你认为交通堵塞对城市居民的日常生活有哪些影响？请
说明并提供例子。
这些练题的目的是帮助考生熟悉不同题型和提高答题技巧。
考
生可根据自己的实际情况选择适合自己的答题方式和策略。
注意：以上练题供参考，不代表真实的考试题目。
参考答案略。
rsolst托福185写作题型分类
、|!_一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..新托福185道作文题目分类2008年10月13日星期一现象的原因分析1. 上大学的原因12. 工作的原因483. 电影普及原因1804. 参观博物馆的原因125. 长寿的原因216. 冒险体育或其它危险活动437. 国外读书的原因1688. 音乐为什么重要1699. 礼物为什么被记住161选择+陈述理由比较类型1. 工作：大公司V 小公司472. 工作：手工V 机器101 = 1043. 工作：被雇佣V 自雇佣644. 工作：雇人低薪新手V 高薪经验675. 工作：高薪高密度V 低薪多自由716. 工作：团队V 独立787. 生活：儿童成长城市V 农村208. 生活：大城市V 小城市你的选择99. 生活：室内V 室外10. 生活：吃饭在家V 饭店？你的选择1311. 生活：住所传统V 现代14412. 生活：住所固定V改变你的选择？3113. 生活：变化V 习惯不变11814. 生活：住所气候变化分明V 气候稳定不变9115. 生活：早起V 晚起 4516. 生活：电影严肃V 娱乐5717. 生活: 假期长V 短14318. 生活：室友选择V 规定安排9919. 生活：大学住宿舍V 租房10520. 生活：快V 慢节奏5921. 生活：自由时间规划V 随心11522. 生活：旅游：跟团V 独立4423. 生活：独处V 交友11024. 生活：交友少量V 交友大量11125. 生活：交友性格相同V 不同性格11726. 生活：亲友建议V 个人经验10827. 生活：家庭影响V 朋友影响11428. 生活：入乡随俗与否10029. 生活：穿校服与否13530. 学习：儿童学校成功父母影响V 同班同学影响6631. 学习：经验知识V读书知识哪个更重要？432. 学习：读小说V 看电影12733. 学习：在家学V 传统学校15734. 学习：大学生上课强制V自选你的观点1435. 学习：体育V 全部时间学习12836. 学习：博学V 精专 7537. 学习：文史V 理工12438. 学习：自学V 跟着老师学习1739. 学习：老师讲课V 学生讲17540. 学习：独立V 团队18441. 花钱：政府花钱建造道路V 改善公共交通1942. 花钱：政府花钱买计算机V 基础设施10043. 花钱：政府花钱星外探索V 基本需求9544. 花钱：个人存钱V花钱 3245. 花钱：个人音乐会V 买珠宝3346. 花钱：个人买房V 买企业18547. 花钱：朋友买车V 度假17748. 花钱：学校花钱：计算机V 书籍49. 花钱：公司花钱：艺术V 环境50. 成功的要素：冒险V 规划 5151. 古老历史建筑：拆除V 保护6552. 环境：人类行为和地球健康：help V harm 29 = 81（agree）53. 儿童：学习V 玩耍11254. 抱怨：书面V 当面16055. 土地：发展工业和住房V 原始状态18156. 社会尊重：科学V 艺术57. 高等教育：所有人V 部分优秀学生 107命题单一观点同意与否agree or disagree类型1. 父母是最好的老师2 best parents 群体概念的复杂性2. 电视毁坏了亲友之间的交往communications friends and family 83. 成功来自hard work 和运气luck 没有任何关系104. 大学图书馆和学生体育活动花费应相等115. 人们有时候应当做自己不喜欢的事情276. 媒体对名人生活关注过渡287. 企业雇员终身制 348. 进步永远是好的379. 学习历史于今无益3810. 技术使得学习更多更快3911. 永不放弃目标4012. 当面交流比其它方式好4913. 工作最重要因素是赚钱5314. 永不以貌取人5415. 永不独自决策5516. 企业为利润不择手段5817. 游戏对成年人和儿童同样重要6018. 成年人（父母等）为15-18岁孩子重要事项决策19. 生活中一度的苦痛成为将来有价值的教训6320. 分数鼓励学生学习 7221. 有导游的团队旅游是最佳方式74 （绝对化语言：目的，性格，）22. 孩子一上学就应该学习外语7623. 儿童做家务13424. 男女生分校7725. 技术使得世界变成更好生活的场所8126. 现代技术正在创造世界单一文化8327. 广告反映国家8228. 电话和电子邮件使得交流缺少人性化8829. 舞蹈在文化中起到重要作用94 （过程分析法：起源发展）30. 老师薪酬和学生所学挂钩9731. 学生评估老师10232. 人们行为因服装而改变11933. 快速决策总是错误的12034. 人们永远不满足自己已经拥有的12235. 读书应该只读关于真人实事的书籍12336. 文史比科学和数学更重要12437. 年轻人不能教给老年人任何事物12638. 读小说比看电影更有趣味12739. 只有赚钱很多的人才是成功的13140. 仅当游戏赢了才有令人高兴136 （失败的价值）41. 游戏告诉我们生活14842. 0-12岁是一生中最重要的时期13343. 看电视对儿童有害15044. 高中生应该被允许学习他们想学的课程13745. 做队员比做团队的领导更好13846. 动物园没有用15347. 公共场所禁烟15448. 向朋友借钱伤害友谊17349. 人和宠物关系 18250. 影视如何影响人的行为 751. 你从看一个国家的电影看到了这个国家的那些方面 18352. 读写能力比以前更重要16353. 学校如何帮助学生解决初到新学校面临的问题 172建造类型的题目1. Factory 工厂42. Restaurant 餐馆163. shopping center购物中心254. Movie theater 265. A high school 306. New university 1137. Business center / agriculture research center 129品质要求题目1. 好邻居 good neighbor 152. 好上司 good supervisor 183. 合作者 Co-eorker 224. 好儿女 good son or daughter 465. 好父母 Good parents 1796. 好室友 good roommates 93改变选择类型题目1. 家乡一变One important thing about your hometown 62. 吸引同龄人家乡一变To make your hometown more appealing to people your age 523. 改进社区之一行为 1654. 你的城市决定建造你国内某名人雕塑Statue or Monument 795. 海外友人贵邦一日游选择一地856. 国外两周游选择一国家1567. 时空回溯选择一时一地868. 时空回溯选择一人相遇889. 你和父辈一差异10. 选见一名人9011. 问名人一问题9112. 消除压力之一法 9613. 国际展览选一物代表你的国家9814. 选择一习俗 8015. 人生成功之一性格 10316. 成功一技能One important skill to be successful 4217. 选择未曾学习一学科one subject 6918. 发明一物 13219. 贵国内百年最伟大发明 8720. 房间内重要一室13921. 帮助儿童成长之一礼物14222. 儿童到成人变化的事件群16623. 贵国重要动物 15124. 贵国重要植物 15525. 选择一消失的资源15226. 养生健身之一法16427. 离家一年带一物17128. 二十一世纪一变化178比较选择和利弊分析1. 汽车，自行车，飞机三选一解释对人生活的改变 362. 64公里旅程交通方式比较选择 1063. 智，幽默，信三选一朋友性格 624. 做事学习，读书，听别人讲解三种学习方法选择一个1165. 保护动物的土地不如耕地，住房和工业重要同意与否 416. 学生打工利弊分析 237. 汽车利弊 708. 网络利弊 849. 学生家庭作业之必要性讨论6810. 如何使用土地149。