外文毕设翻译
外文毕设翻译
附件1:外文资料翻译译文机械设计
摘要: 机器是由机械装置和其它组件组成的.它是一种用来转换或传递能量的装摘要: 置,例如:发动机,涡轮机,车辆,起重机,印刷机,洗衣机,照相机和摄影机等. 许多原则和设计方法不但适用于机器的设计, 也适用于非机器的设计. 术语中的"机械装置设计" 的含义要比"机械设计"的含义更为广泛一些,机械装置设计包括机械设计.在分析运动及设计结构时,要把产品外型以及以后的保养也要考虑在机械设计中.在机械工程领域中,以及其它工程领域中,所有这些都需要机械设备, 比如:开关,凸轮,阀门,船舶以及搅拌机等. 关键词: 设计流程
设计规则关键词机械设计
设计流程设计开始之前就要想到机器的实际性,现存的机器需要在耐用性,效率,重量, 速度,或者成本上得到改善.新的机器必需具有以前机器所能执行的功能. 在设计的初始阶段,应该允许设计人员充分发挥创造性,不要受到任何约束. 即使产生了许多不切实际的想法, 也会在设计的早期, 即在绘制图纸之前被改正掉. 只有这样,才不致于阻断创新的思路.通常,还要提出几套设计方案,然后加以比较.很有可能在这个计划最后决定中,使用了某些不在计划之内的一些设想. 一般的当外型特点和组件部分的尺寸特点分析得透彻时,就可以全面的设计和分析.接着还要客观的分析机器性能的优越性,以及它的安全,重量,耐用性,并且竞争力的成本也要考虑在分析结果之内.每一个
至关重要的部分要优化它的比例和尺寸,同时也要保持与其它组成部分相协调. 也要选择原材料和处理原材料的方法.通过力学原理来分析和实现这些重要的特性,如那些静态反应的能量和摩擦力的最佳利用,像动力惯性,加速动力和能量; 包括弹性材料的强度,应力和刚度等材料的物理特性,以及流体润滑和驱动器的流体力学.设计的过程是重复和合作的过程,无论是正式或非正式的进行,对设计者来说每个阶段都很重要.
最后,以图样为设计的标准,并建立将来的模型.如果它的测试是符合事先要求的,则再将对初步设计进行某些修改,使它能够在制造成本上有所降低.产品的设计需要不断探索和发展.许多方案必须被研究,试验,完善,然后决定使用还是放弃.虽然每个工程学问题的内容是独特的,但是设计师可以按照类似的步骤来解决问题. 产品的责任诉讼迫使设计人员和公司在选择材料时,采用最好的程序.在材料过程中,五个最常见的问题为: (a)不了解或者不会使用关于材料应用方面的最新最好的信息资料;(b)未能预见和考虑材料的合理用途(如有可能,设计人员还应进一步预测和考虑由于产品使用方法不当造成的后果.在近年来的许多产品责任诉讼案件中,由于错误地使用产品而受到伤害的原告控告生产厂家,并且赢得判决) ; (c)所使用的材料的数据不全或是有些数据不确定,尤其是当其性能数据长期不更新;(d)质量控制方法不适当和未经验证;(e)由一些完全不称职的人员选择材料. 通过对上述五个问题的分析,可以得出这些问题是没有充分理由而存在的结论.对这些问题的研究分析可以为避免这些问题的出现而指明
方向.尽管采用最好的材料选择方法也不能避免发生产品责任诉讼,
设计人员和工业界按照适当的程序进行材料选择,可以大大减少诉
讼的数量. 从以上的讨论可以看出,选择材料的人们应该对材料的性质,特点和加工方法有一个全面而基本的了解. 在随后生产和售后服务的几年中,要接受新观念的变化,或者由试验和经验为基础,进一步分析并改进.
一些设计规则在本节中,建议要运用创造性的态度来替代和改进.也
许会创造出更实用,更经济,更耐用的产品. 为了激发创造性思维,下
列是设计和分析的建议规则.前六个规则对设计者来说特别适用. 1. 要有创造性的利用所需要的物理性质和控制过程. 2. 3. 4. 认识负载
产生的影响及其意义. 预测没有想到的负载. 创造出对载荷更为有利的条件.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
提供良好的应力分布和最小的刚度条件. 运用最简单的方程来优化
体积和面积. 选择组合材料. 仔细选择所备的原料和不可缺少的组件. 调整有效的设计方案,以适应生产过程和降低成本.
10. 规定好准确的位置条件为了使组件安装时不干涉. 机械设计包括一下内容: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 对设计过程,设计所需要公式以及安全系数进
行介绍. 回顾材料特性,静态和动态载荷分析,包括梁,振动和冲击载荷. 回顾应力的基本规律和失效分析. 介绍静态失效理论和静态载荷下
机械断裂分析. 介绍疲劳失效理论并强调在压力条件下接近高循环
的疲劳设计, 这通常
用在旋转机械的设计中. 6. 7. 8. 9. 深入探讨机械磨损机理,表面接触应力和表面疲劳现象. 使用疲劳分析技术校核轴的设计. 讨论润滑油膜与滚动轴承的理论和应用. 深入介绍直齿圆柱齿轮的动力学, 设计和应力分析, 并简单介绍斜齿轮,
锥齿轮和涡轮有关方面的问题. 10. 讨论弹簧设计,螺杆等紧固件的设计,包括传动螺杆和预紧固件. 11. 介绍盘式和鼓式离合器以及制动器的设计和技术说明.
机械设计一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程.机械设计是一项创造性的工作.设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性,还必须在机械制图,运动学,工程材料,材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识. 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料.许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用.对产品的功能,它的外观,材料的成本,制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的.对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估. 仔细精确的计算是必要的,以确保设计的有效性.在任何失败的情况下,最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件.计算(图纸尺寸)检查是非常重要的.一个小
数点的位置放错,就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败.设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查. 计算机是一种工具,它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算,并对现有数据提供进一步的分析.互动系统基于计算机的能力,已经使计算机辅助设计(CAD)和计算机辅助制造(CAM)成为了可能.心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器.设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们.这并不是一项容
易的工作,因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作过程.另一个重要问题, 设计工程师必须能够同其他有关人员进行交流和磋商. 在开始阶段, 设计人员必须就初步设计同管理人员进行交流和磋商,并得到批准.这一般是通过口头讨论,草图和文字材料进行的. 如前所诉,机械设计的目的是生产能够满足人类需求的产品.发明,发现和科技知识本身并不一定能给人类带来好处,只有当它们被应用在产品上才能产生效益.因而,应该认识到在一个特定的产品进行设计之前,必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品. 应当把机械设计看成是机械设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计,系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺学的一个良机.掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要.仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的.另一方面,应该认真精确的进行所有运算.例如,即使将一个小数点的位置放错,也会使正确的设计变成错误的. 一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法,而且愿意承担一定的风险,当新的方法不适用时,就使用原来的方法.因此,设计人员必须要有耐心,因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功.一个全新的设计,要求屏弃许多陈旧的,为人们所熟知的方法.由于许多人墨守成规,这样做并不是一件容易的事.一位机械设计师应该不断地探索改进现有的产品的方法,在此过程中应该认真选择原有的,经过验证的设计原理,将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来. 新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生,只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后,才能体现出新产品的优越性.因此,一个性能优越的产品诞生
的同时,也伴随着较高的风险.应该强调的是,如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法,就没有必要仅仅为了变革
Mechanical Design
Abstract: A machine is a combination of mechanisms and other components which transforms, transmits. Examples are engines, turbines, vehicles, hoists, printing presses, washing machines, and movie cameras. Many of the principles and methods of design that apply to machines also apply to manufactured articles that are not true machines. The term "mechanical design" is used in a broader sense than "machine design" to include their design. the motion and structural aspects and the provisions for retention and enclosure are considerations in mechanical design. Applications occur in the field of mechanical engineering, and in other engineering fields as well, all of which require mechanical devices, such as switches, cams, valves, vessels, and mixers. Keywords: Mechanical Design mechanisms Design Process The Design Process Designing starts with a need real.Existing apparatus may need improvements in durability, efficiency, weight, speed, or cost. New apparatus may be needed to perform a function previously done by men, such as computation, assembly, or servicing. With the objective wholly
or partly In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. When the general shape and a few dimensions of the several components become apparent, analysis can begin in earnest. The analysis will have as its objective satisfactory or superior performance, plus safety and durability with minimum weight, and a competitive cost. Optimum proportions and dimensions will be sought for each critically loaded section, together with a balance between the strengths of the several components. Materials and their treatment will be chosen. These important objectives can be attained only by analysis based upon the principles of mechanics, such as those of static for reaction forces and for the optimum utilization of friction; of dynamics for inertia, acceleration, and energy; of elasticity and strength of materials for stress and deflection; of physical behavior of materials; and of fluid mechanics for lubrication and hydrodynamic drives. The analyses may be made by the same engineer who conceived the arrangement of mechanisms, or, in a large company, they may be
made by a separate analysis division or research group. Design is a reiterative and cooperative process, whether done formally or informally, and the analyst can contribute to phases other than his own. Product design requires much research and development. Many Concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, and then either used or discarded. Although the content of each engineering problem is unique, the designers follow the similar process to solve the problems. Product liability suits designers and forced in material selection, using the best program. In the process of material, the most common problems for five (a) don't understand or not use about the latest application materials to the best information, (b) failed to foresee and consider the reasonable use material may (such as possible, designers should further forecast and consider due to improper use products. In recent years, many products liability in litigation, the use of products and hurt the plaintiff accused manufacturer, and won the decision), (c) of the materials used all or some of the data, data, especially when the uncertainty long-term performance data is so, (d) quality control method is not suitable and unproven, (e) by some completely incompetent persons choose materials. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be
able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. Finally, a design based upon function, and a prototype may be built. If its tests are satisfactory, the initial design will undergo certain modifications that enable it to be manufactured in quantity at a lower cost. During subsequent years of manufacture and service, the design is likely to undergo changes as new ideas are conceived or as further analyses based upon tests and experience indicate alterations. Sales appeal. Some Rules for Design In this section it is suggested that, applied with a creative attitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical, and durable products. To stimulate creative thought, the following rules are suggested for the designer and analyst. The first six rules are particularly applicable for the analyst. 1. A creative use of need of physical properties and control process.
2. Recognize functional loads and their significance.
3. Anticipate unintentional loads.
4. Devise more favorable loading conditions.
5. Provide for favorable stress distribution and stiffness with minimum
weight. 6. Use basic equations to proportion and optimize dimensions. 7. Choose materials for a combination of properties. 8. Select carefully, stockand integral components. 9. Modify a functional design to fit the manufacturing process and reduce cost. 10. Provide for accurate location and noninterference of parts in assembly. Machinery design covers the following contents. 1. Provides an introduction to the design process , problem formulation ,safety factors. 2. Reviews the material properties and static and dynamic loading analysis , Including beam , vibration and impact loading. 3. Reviews the fundamentals of stress and defection analysis. 4. Introduces fatigue-failure theory with the emphasis on stress-life approaches to high-cycle fatigue design, which is commonly used in the design of rotation machinery. 5. Discusses thoroughly the phenomena of wear mechanisms, surface contact stresses ,and surface fatigue. 6. Investigates shaft design using the fatigue-analysis techniques.
7. Discusses fluid-film and rolling-element bearing theory and application
8. Gives a thorough introduction to the kinematics, design and stress analysis of spur gears , and a simple introduction to helical ,bevel ,and worm gearing. 9. Discusses spring design including
compression ,extension and torsion springs. 10. Deals with screws and fasteners including power screw and preload fasteners. 11. Introduces the design and specification of disk and drum clutches and brakes. Machine Design The complete design of a machine is a complex process.
The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions)
is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. The computer is a tool helpful to mechanical designers to lighten tedious calculations, and provide extended analysis of available data. Interactive systems, based on computer capabilities, have made possible the concepts of computer aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to
operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design
needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea.
毕设外文资料翻译.
理工学院 毕业设计外文资料翻译 专业：计算机科学与技术 姓名：马艳丽 学号： 12L0752218 外文出处：The Design and Implementation of 3D Electronic Map of Campus Based on WEBGIS 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 基于WebGIS的校园三维电子地图的设计与实现 一．导言 如今，数字化和信息化是当今时代的主题。随着信息革命和计算机科学的发展，计算机技术已经渗透到科学的各个领域，并引起了许多革命性的变化，在这些科目，古代制图学也不例外。随着技术和文化的不断进步，地图变化的形式和内容也随之更新。在计算机图形学中，地理信息系统（GIS）不断应用到Web，制作和演示的传统方式经历了巨大的变化，由于先进的信息技术的发展，地图的应用已经大大延长。在这些情况下，绘图将面临广阔的发展前景。电子地图是随之应运而生的产品之一。随着计算机技术，计算机图形学理论，遥感技术，航空摄影测量技术和其他相关技术的飞速发展。用户需要的三维可视化，动态的交互性和展示自己的各种地理相关的数据处理和分析，如此多的关注应支付的研究三维地图。东北石油大学及其周边地区的基础上本文设计并建立三维电子地图。 二．系统设计 基于WebGIS的校园三维电子地图系统的具有普通地图的一般特性。通过按键盘上的箭头键（上，下，左，右），可以使地图向相应的方向移动。通过拖动鼠标，可以查看感兴趣的任何一个地方。使用鼠标滚轮，可以控制地图的大小，根据用户的需求来查看不同缩放级别的地图。在地图的左下角会显示当前鼠标的坐标。在一个div层，我们描绘了一个新建筑物的热点，这层可以根据不同的地图图层的显示，它也可以自动调整。通过点击热点，它可以显示热点的具体信息。也可以输入到查询的信息，根据自己的需要，并得到一些相关的信息。此外，通过点击鼠标，人们可以选择检查的三维地图和卫星地图。 主要功能包括： ?用户信息管理：检查用户名和密码，根据权限设置级别的认证，允许不同权限的用户通过互联网登录系统。 ?位置信息查询：系统可以为用户提供模糊查询和快速定位。
毕设外文文献翻译
xxxxxxxxx 毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译 （本科学生用） 题目：Poduct Line Engineering: The State of the Practice 生产线工程：实践的形态 学生姓名：学号： 学部（系）: 专业年级: 指导教师：职称或学位： 2011年3月10日
外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）： 【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】 Requirements engineering practices A precise requirements engineering process— a main driver for successful software development —is even more important for product line engineering. Usually, the product line’s scope addresses various domains simultaneously. This makes requirements engineering more complex. Furthermore, SPL development involves more tasks than single-product development. Many product line requirements are complex, interlinked, and divided into common and product-specific requirements. So, several requirements engineering practices are important specifically in SPL development: ? Domain identification and modeling, as well as commonalities and variations across product instances Separate specification and verification for platform and product requirements ? Management of integrating future requirements into the platform and products ? Identification, modeling, and management of requirement dependencies The first two practices are specific to SPL engineering. The latter two are common to software development but have much higher importance for SPLs. Issues with performing these additional activities can severely affect the product line’s long-term success. During the investigation, we found that most organizations today apply organizational and procedural measures to master these challenges. The applicability of more formal requirements engineering techniques and tools appeared rather limited, partly because such techniques are not yet designed to cope with product line evelopment’s inherent complexities. The investigation determined that the following three SPL requirements engineering practices were most important to SPL success. Domain analysis and domain description. Before starting SPL development, organizations should perform a thorough domain analysis. A well-understood domain is a prerequisite for defining a suitable scope for the product line. It’s the foundation for efficiently identifying and distinguishing platform and product requirements. Among the five participants in our investigation, three explicitly modeled the product line requirements. The others used experienced architects and domain experts to develop the SPL core assets without extensive requirements elicitation. Two organizations from the first group established a continuous requirements management that maintained links between product line and product instance requirements. The three other organizations managed their core assets’ evolution using change management procedures and versioning concepts. Their business did not force them to maintain more detailed links between the requirements on core assets and product instances. The impact of architectural decisions on requirements negotiations. A stable but flexible architecture is important for SPL development. However, focusing SPL evolution too much on architectural issues will lead to shallow or even incorrect specifications. It can cause core assets to ignore important SPL requirements so that the core assets lose relevance for SPL development. Organizations can avoid this problem by establishing clear responsibilities for requirements management in addition to architectural roles. The work group participants reported that a suitable organizational tool for balancing requirements and architecture is roundtable meetings in which requirements engineers,
毕设英文翻译英文版
72页 Machine Tools Objectived. Machine tools are the main engines of the manufacturing industry. This chapter covers a few of the details that are common to all classes of machine tools discussed in this book. After completing the chapter, the reader will be able to >understand the classification of the various machine tools used in manufacturing industries. >identify the differences between generating and forming of surfaces. > identify various methods used to generate different types of surfaces. >distinguish between the different accuracies and surface finishes that are achievable with different machine tools. >understand the different components of the machine tools and their functions. >learn about the different support structures used in the machine tools. >understand the various actuation systems that are useful to generate the required surfaces. >Learn the different types of guideways used in the machine tools. >understand the work holding requirements. 3.1 INTRODUCTION The earliest known machine tools are the Egyptian foot-operated lathes.
毕业设计外文翻译
毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 题目西安市水源工程中的 水电站设计 专业水利水电工程 班级 学生 指导教师 2016年
研究钢弧形闸门的动态稳定性 牛志国 河海大学水利水电工程学院，中国南京，邮编210098 nzg_197901@https://www.360docs.net/doc/987411747.html,，niuzhiguo@https://www.360docs.net/doc/987411747.html, 李同春 河海大学水利水电工程学院，中国南京，邮编210098 ltchhu@https://www.360docs.net/doc/987411747.html, 摘要 由于钢弧形闸门的结构特征和弹力，调查对参数共振的弧形闸门的臂一直是研究领域的热点话题弧形弧形闸门的动力稳定性。在这个论文中，简化空间框架作为分析模型，根据弹性体薄壁结构的扰动方程和梁单元模型和薄壁结构的梁单元模型，动态不稳定区域的弧形闸门可以通过有限元的方法，应用有限元的方法计算动态不稳定性的主要区域的弧形弧形闸门工作。此外，结合物理和数值模型，对识别新方法的参数共振钢弧形闸门提出了调查，本文不仅是重要的改进弧形闸门的参数振动的计算方法，但也为进一步研究弧形弧形闸门结构的动态稳定性打下了坚实的基础。 简介 低举升力，没有门槽，好流型，和操作方便等优点，使钢弧形闸门已经广泛应用于水工建筑物。弧形闸门的结构特点是液压完全作用于弧形闸门，通过门叶和主大梁，所以弧形闸门臂是主要的组件确保弧形闸门安全操作。如果周期性轴向载荷作用于手臂，手臂的不稳定是在一定条件下可能发生。调查指出:在弧形闸门的20次事故中，除了极特殊的破坏情况下，弧形闸门的破坏的原因是弧形闸门臂的不稳定;此外，明显的动态作用下发生破坏。例如:张山闸，位于中国的江苏省，包括36个弧形闸门。当一个弧形闸门打开放水时，门被破坏了，而其他弧形闸门则关闭，受到静态静水压力仍然是一样的，很明显，一个动态的加载是造成的弧形闸门破坏一个主要因素。因此弧形闸门臂的动态不稳定是造成弧形闸门(特别是低水头的弧形闸门)破坏的主要原是毫无疑问。
PLC毕业设计的外文文献(及翻译)
PLC technique discussion and future development Test Equipment-principles and Applications Princeton University .America Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc, well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path. We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only; And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculations of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction
毕设外文翻译
英文翻译 题目: 通过分析变压器中溶解气体而进行故障诊断的专家系统 姓名: 宋日成 学院: 工学院 专业: 自动化 班级: 自动化112 班学号: 32211218 指导教师: 陆静职称: 讲师 2015年3月14日 南京农业大学教务处制
An Expert System for Transformer Fault Diagnosis Using Dissolved Gas Analysis W. S. Chan ·Y. L. Xu ·X. L. Ding ·W. J. Dai Received: 9 November 2005 / Accepted: 11 August 2006 / Published online: 7 September 2006? Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract In order to automate the transformer fault diagnosis, improve the accuracy of judgment, the introduction of artificial intelligence expert system fault diagnosis. The system is based on fuzzy reasoning confidence by observing the information, the use of knowledge to reach a conclusion. Test proved this method reduces the randomness of judgment, improved diagnosis. Keywords:Expert System Transformer Troubleshooting 1 Introduction The power transformer is a major apparatus in a power system, and its correct functioning is vital to system operations. In order to minimize system outages,many devices have evolved to monitor the serviceability of power transformers. These devices, such as, Buchholz relays or differential relays, respond only to a severe power failure requiring immediate removal of the transformer from service, in which case, outages are inevitable. Thus, preventive techniques for early detection faults to avoid outages would be valuable. In this way, analysis of the mixture of the faulty gases dissolved in insulation oil of power transformer has received worldwide recognition as an effective method for the detection of incipient faults. Many researchers and electrical utilities have reported on their experience and developed interpretative criteria on the basis of DGA. However, criteria tend to vary from utility to utility. Each approach has limitations and none of them has a firm mathematical description. Therefore, transformer diagnosis is still in the heuristic stage. For this reason, knowledge-based programming is a suitable approach to implement in such a diagnostic problem. Based on the interpretation of DGA, a prototype of an expert system for diagnosis of suspected transformer faults and their maintenance procedures is proposed. The significant source in this knowledge base is the gas ratio method. Some limitations of this approach are overcome by incorporating the diagnostic procedure and the synthetic expertise method. Furthermore, data bases adopted from TPCS gas records of transformers are incorporated into the expert system to increase the practical performance. Uncertainty of diagnosis is managed by using fuzzy set concepts. This expert system is constructed with rule based knowledge representation, since it can be expressed by experts. The expert system building tool, Knowledge Engineering System (KES), is used in the development of the knowledge system
毕业设计外文文献翻译(可编辑修改word版)
毕业设计外文文献翻译 专业 学生姓名 班级 学号 指导教师 优集学院
外文资料名称：Knowledge-Based Engineeri- -ng Design Methodology 外文资料出处：Int.J.Engng Ed.Vol.16.No.1 附件：1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文
1.背景基于知识工程(KBE)设计方法 D. E. CALKINS 复杂系统的发展需要很多工程和管理方面的知识、决策，它要满足很多竞争性的 要求。设计被认为是决定产品最终形态、成本、可靠性、市场接受程度的首要因素。 高级别的工程设计和分析过程(概念设计阶段)特别重要，因为大多数的生命周期成本 和整体系统的质量都在这个阶段。产品成本的压缩最可能发生在产品设计的最初阶段。整个生命周期阶段大约百分之七十的成本花费在概念设计阶段结束时，缩短设计周期的关键是缩短概念设计阶段，这样同时也减少了工程的重新设计工作量。 工程权衡过程中采用良好的估计和非正式的启发进行概念设计。传统CAD 工具对概念设计阶段的支持非常有限。有必要，进行涉及多个学科的交流合作来快速进行设计分析(包括性能，成本，可靠性等)。最后，必须能够管理大量的特定领域的知识。解决方案是在概念设计阶段包含进更过资源，通过消除重新设计来缩短整个产品的时间。 所有这些因素都主张采取综合设计工具和环境，以在早期的综合设计阶段提供帮助。这种集成设计工具能够使由不同学科的工程师、设计者在面对复杂的需求和约束时能够对设计意图达成共识。那个设计工具可以让设计团队研究在更高级别上的更多配置细节。问题就是架构一个设计工具，以满足所有这些要求。 2.虚拟(数字)原型模型 现在需要是一种代表产品设计为得到一将允许一产品的早发展和评价的真实事 实上原型的过程的方式。虚拟样机将取代传统的物理样机，并允许设计工程师，研究“假设”的情况，同时反复更新他们的设计。真正的虚拟原型，不仅代表形状和形式，即几何形状，它也代表如重量，材料，性能和制造工艺的非几何属性。设计人员希望设计的表述，将成为一个既有几何又有非几何属性的物理原型确切的表示。 产品表示法已经从二维的形状和几何的形式字形绘画的表示法移动向充分的三维几何模型表示法。设计工具，用于设计工程领域的需要，显然必须有刚才讨论的所有工具的属性。它必须结合计算机辅助设计系统的几何表示法，能做对程序语言的工程分析和代表设计知识在一个专家系统。一个真正的虚拟原型包含此全方位设计知识。
毕设外文翻译
外文资料译文 基于LabVIEW的变速箱故障诊断系统 摘要 这篇论文主要介绍了变速箱的实施过程和设计原理的故障诊断系统，利用虚拟仪器发展中的software-LabVIEW来实现系统的核心设计，通过小波变换和神经网络，通过例子最终验证了该系统的可行性。 1.介绍 作为一个复杂的齿轮机械系统，变速箱有许多特征参数----固定驱动比，大的驱动力矩和紧凑结构。因此，它通常用来改变转速和转换功率。与此同时，它是一个容易流失的组件，在过去，Matlab软件编程是为了诊断这样的设备的错误，来分析和处理故障诊断信号，其中的错误位置和故障类型是人工判断的。这种方法会给变速箱的故障诊断带来人为因素。这种方法带有局限性，它不容易识别或者是搞清变速箱的故障。 随着计算机技术和机器故障诊断技术的发展，我们提出了一种新思路---基于计算机智能检测的变速箱故障诊断系统，为了提高变速箱故障诊断测量的准确度，快速性，便捷性，和可靠性。该系统利用小波变换从振动信号中提取参数特点，利用神经网络来得出结论。这也同时凸显出原检验方法的弱点，分类智能化变速箱的诊断失误。 本文将简要介绍LabVIEW软件尤其是介绍LabVIEW软件的主要问题和情景结构，该系统发展并实现了基于计算机智能检验的变速箱故障诊断系统。 2.总结虚拟仪器的软件开发 虚拟仪器LabVIEW（实验室）是一种发展工程工作台的工作包，虚拟仪器是一种基于G程序（图形语言）由NI（国家仪器公司）一家美国公司提供的。关于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器的设计能逃避LabVIEW环境。LabVIEW能够模仿传统仪器上的控制面板，并给出了显示结果，同时还可以以各种形式的计算机显示器显示。它拥有强大功能的计算器，可以实现信号数据的操作，分析和处理。此外，它可以完成收集、测量和调节信号I/O接口，从而完成各种测试功能。在世界上，LabVIEW产品广泛应用与众多领域，例如航空、航天、
毕业设计英文文献翻译
青岛大学 毕业论文(设计)科技文献翻译 院系：自动化工程学院控制工程系 专业：自动化 班级：2009级4班 姓名：史发涛 指导教师：于金鹏 2013年4月10日
Providing Integrated Condition Monitoring Solutions for World Class Performance Rockwell Automation is a premier provider of Integrated Condition Monitoring Solutions (ICMS) to all major industry segments. Offering the latest state-of-the art technology in vibration analysis, oil analysis, on-line surveillance and protection systems,remote monitoring, as well as outstanding training and customer support services. Through strategic alliances with major Computerized Maintenance Management Systems (CMMS) providers Rockwell Automation can now provide integrated systems that provide critical machinery information throughout the enterprise. Portable Systems Enpac The Enpac? is a Windows CE based 2-channel high performance data collector and signal analyzer. The Enpac? collects field data, includi ng vibration information and process variables. Enpac? allows easy condition monitoring of equipment found in many process industries such as power generation, petrochemical, pulp and paper, and primary metals.The Enpac? features a built in optical (laser) tachometer, a choice of either a 1/8 or 1/4 VGA resolution screen, ability to store data on standard Type I or Type II PCMCIA cards and on-line contextsensitive HELP, built in to all applications. Online Systems Rockwell Automation offers a complete range of online hardware and software systems designed to meet your machinery protection and condition monitoring needs. When you need to protect your critical machinery assets the 6600 Series machinery protection system provides continuous monitoring. The Enw atch? Online Surveillance System is a cost-effective solution for monitoring the condition of the important machines in your plant.The 6600 Series and Enwatch? systems can be integrated seamlessly with Emonitor Odyssey?or Enshare? machinery information software. This integrated solution will provide you with a complete picture of the condition of your plant. Entrx When you need to understand how your rotating machinery is performing then Entrx is the professional’s tool. Entrx provides the means for reliable and consistent data acquisition for your entire steady state and transient machine operating modes. Entrx data acquisition hardware is fully configurable by the user and is capable of collecting data in both multiplexed and simultaneous / continuous modes. Graphical presentations of your machinery help to provide a visual display of what is happening to your machinery.
毕设外文翻译--单片机基础
毕设外文翻译--单片机基础 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 系别: 电气系 专业: 电气工程及其自动化 班级: 姓名: 学号: 外文出处: Atomation Professional English Course (用外文写) Pressed By Machinery Industry Press 附件:1、外文原文;2、外文资料翻译译文。 指导教师评语: 签字: 年月日注:请将该封面与附件装订成册。 1、外文原文(复印件) A: Fundamentals of Single-chip Microcomputer The single-chip microcomputer is the culmination of both the development of the digital computer and the integrated circuit arguably the tow most significant inventions of the 20th century [1]. These tow types of architecture are found in single-chip microcomputer. Some employ the split program/data memory of the Harvard architecture, shown in Fig.3-5A-1, others follow the philosophy, widely adapted for general-purpose computers and microprocessors, of making no
软件毕设 外文翻译
Struts——an open-source MVC implementation By Christian Kirkegaard and Anders Moller,BRICS, University of Aarhus, Denmark This article introduces Struts, a Model-View-Controller implementation that uses servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology. Struts can help you control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Even if you never implement a system with Struts, you may get some ideas for your future servlets and JSP page implementation. Introduction Kids in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer. If you have worked on a large-scale Web application, you understand the term change. Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a design pattern put together to help control change. MVC decouples interface from business logic and data. Struts is an MVC implementation that uses Servlets 2.2 and JSP 1.1 tags, from the J2EE specifications, as part of the implementation. You may never implement a system with Struts, but looking at Struts may give you some ideas on your future Servlets and JSP implementations. Model-View-Controller (MVC) JSP tags solved only part of our problem. We still have issues with validation, flow control, and updating the state of the application. This is where MVC comes to the rescue. MVC helps resolve some of the issues with the single module approach by dividing the problem into three categories: