Lisa美语笔记整理
元音音素：通用：单元音：前元音：/i/ /i:/ /e/ /æ/后元音：/u/ /u:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /ʌ/ /a:/中元音：/ə/ /ə:/双元音：合口双元音：/ei/ /ai/ /ɔi/ /au/ /əu/集口双元音：/iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/KK:单元音：/i/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /æ/ /ɑ/ /ə/ /ʌ/ /ɔ/ /ʊ/ /u/ /ɚ/ /ɝ/双元音：/e/ /o/ /aɪ/ /aʊ/ /ɔɪ/DJ:单元音：前元音：/ɪ/ /i:/ /e/ /æ/后元音：/ʊ/ /u:/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ 中元音：/ə/ / ɜ:/双元音：合口双元音：/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɒɪ/ /aʊ/ /əʊ/集口双元音：/ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/辅音音素KK&DJ：爆破音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/摩擦音：/f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /∫/ /ʒ/ /r/ /h/破擦音：/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /t∫/ /dʒ/ 鼻音：/m/ /n/ /ŋ/边音：/l/半元音：/w/ /j/1.元音音素/i/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /æ/ /ɑ/ /ə/ (/ʌ/) /ɔ/ /ʊ/ /u/ /ɚ/ /ɝ//e/ /o/ /aɪ/ /aʊ/ /ɔɪ/please see meat believethis difficult if dinnerbed men dress friendapple man stand angryhot topic office modernbut gun jump lovealways tall bought thoughtbook foot pull push tookmoon shoes room bluefirst Thursday girl worklate gate baseball stay OKgo drove slow momenttime wild nine diningnow house ground announceenjoy noise boys annoying2.中性/松元音/ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ə/ /ʊ/ 紧元音/i/ /æ/ /ɑ/ /u/ /ɔ/fool - full hot - hut steel - still bag - beg3./i/与/ɪ//i/嘴唇向两边收紧，扁唇；舌头在口腔里向后收紧see cheese please beat believe deceive /ɪ/嘴唇放松；舌头位于正常位置，放松if different this thing system gymfeet - fit leave - live sleep - slip these - this feel - fill steel - still eat - it beach - bitch sheet - shit注意：主要区别不是长短而是紧松。
被强调时，松元音也可变长Wow, your house is big!4./a/与/ə//a/上下张大嘴，把舌头贴在口腔底部，舌尖触碰下齿hot father army watch/ə/嘴唇放松；舌头位于正常位置，放松up fun but number cousin country love son other done/a/发音通常较长，特别是重读的名词和形容词That’s impossible.I love my new job.shot - shut Don - done lock - luck cop - cupnot - nut robber - rubber5./u/与/ʊ//u/双唇收圆，小圆唇food moon blue true/ʊ/双唇稍撅look took shook would could should push pullfool - full Luke - look pool - pull6./æ/嘴角向两边拉开；上下齿高度为食指中指指尖叠加高度；舌头下贴，向后收紧。
英美发音不同：class math math class发音通常较长，特别是名词和动词apple angry man fat dance class dance classLos Angeles California random answer7./ɔ/上下张口，口型呈椭圆形，像鸡蛋，略撅嘴。
英美发音不同call tall fall small always automobile August audience applaud saw law awfulHe paused in the hall to talk with Paul.The author talked to the small audience.We all thought you bought it at the mall.It’s awful that he always breaks the law!He’s exhausted because he’s been walking all day long.8./o/滑动post moment go flow slow show road boat soapNo, I don’t.Don’t go.so slow almost over9./ɚ//ɝ/ 一短，一长发音方式/ə/+/r/her teacher grammar learn heard bird first girl work worry word nurse hurt work early learn the words early bird perfect world10.单词重音重读音节内的元音要读得重而长banana Canada biology photography句子中的重读：确定重读单词，重读音节内的元音要读得重而长I love my new job.I love it.I have to call him.You’re really tall.It’s hot.Let’s go to the park.I got a job at the hospital.11.单词非重读音节的弱化symb o l loc a l rec or d句子中的弱读Let’s meet at two o’clock.I’d like to talk to the pilot.Let’s meet for breakfast.I’d love to go for a walk.12.辅音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /∫/ /ʒ/ /r/ /h//ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /t∫/ /dʒ//m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /l/ /w/ /j/13.发准每一个音句子中单词的每个辅音都要发音到位。
因此，我们在讲英语时要注意自己的口型probably in general seven twelve数字练习：1-2014.清辅音与浊辅音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /∫/ /ʒ//tr/ /dr/ /t∫/ /dʒ/ /ts/ /dz/清辅音前的元音发音较短，浊辅音前的元音发音较长ice - eyes back - bag safe - save pick - pig lock - log light - lied leaf - leave cup - cub15./θ/ /ð/舌尖位于两齿间，轻触上齿，气流由舌尖和上齿间流出bath both math Thank you. Thursday thirsty anything healthyfather mother there this soothe16./l/尾音/l/：释放舌头，让舌尖触碰上齿后面并停留，气流由舌头两侧流，softer and longer，要能听出清晰的音call Bill school wall feel ill feel ill awful film awful filmlittle animal little animalI’ll call you to tell you about the film.I feel terrible about the political scandal,I think I’ll be able to handle it by myself. You’ll do well at school.17./r/舌头卷曲，不接触口腔，向后面拉英式英语元音因素后的/r/通常不发出来hear learn teacher German Robert Parker first person computer picture over there park18./w/卷起嘴唇，肺部有大量的气流流出，声带振动wait welcome alwaysquick quiet question require quality liquid19./v/上齿轻触上唇，浊辅音very vote five eleven seven village visit vacation Novembervow - wow vet - wet vine - wine vest - west20./s/ /z/has is was because these those please alwaysbooks bags boyslaughs feels plays名词复数及动词第三人称单数/s/ &/z/读法清辅音后读/s/浊辅音或元音后读/z/21.停顿辅音与连续辅音停顿辅音爆破音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/连续辅音/s/ /z/ /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /∫/ /ʒ/ /ŋ/ 音节后的/m/ /n/ /l/①爆破音后接辅音时失去爆破②爆破音在句尾时失去爆破不释放的/t/：位于句尾，或后接可连读外的辅音No, it’s not.I’m not that hot.You’re quite right.I can’t do it.I want that blue hat.Robert, you might be right.It’s not that different.What did you eat last night?I can’t wait for that flight.22.当/t/处于两元音之间，听起来像轻而快的/d/，弹跳/d/better city ability water little auto automatic metal dataYes,it is.I got up at eleven o’clock.Do you want to get in or get out?I bought it at a computer store.What a nice day it is!23.同一音节内，当/t/后面跟着/n/时发出en 声：发/t/时，把舌头保持在上齿龈，然后直接发/n/，让气流由鼻腔流出，发出en声written mountain certain curtainI am certain that’s the tallest mountain.My cotton shirt has buttons.I have forgotten when the book was written. Martin was born in Great Britain.24./ŋ/thinking working practising interesting thing/ŋ/的连读What are you thinking of?What are you talking about?bringing singing hanger25./tr/ /dr/短轻/t∫/ /dʒ/后接/r/try travel tradition introduce controldry drama drop drastic address hundred Sandra26./t∫/ /dʒ/t+u=/t∫/d+u=/dʒ/actually statue nature picturegraduate educate schedule individual连读中的同化/t/ +/j/=/t∫/ Why can’t you do it?/d/+/j/=/dʒ/ Did you do it?Would you like to see the schedule?Aren’t you graduating in the spring?Can’t you see the statue?Did you get a college education?27.动词过去式读法动词以/t/ /d/结尾，ed读/id/waited needed painted completed attended counted invited动词以除了/t/的清辅音结尾，ed读/t/ stopped worked parked cooked passed laughed pushed watched动词以除了/d/的浊辅音或元音结尾, ed读/d/robbed loved realized used called played28.节奏和语调重读与弱读构成了节奏29.音节重读音节的概念重读音节的元音发音更响亮更长(louder,longer and higher in pitch)seat science success audiovisual urban decade colleague female Japan Iran locate donate detail parenthesis necessary [ˈnɛsəˌsɛri] necessity30.双音节词读音规则90%的名词，前一个音节重读office problem window paper building mother father60%-70%的动词，后一个音节重读apply agree create relax complain enjoy同一个单词名词和动词的不同读法record object progress insult conflict present insert recall31.”ate”组合的单词动词读/et/ 名词或形容词读/ət/ graduate estimate articulate动词/et/negotiate abbreviate calculate nominate donate形容词或名词/ət/delicate chocolate accurate affectionate intimate32.后缀的重读规则-ese 重读后缀Chinese Japanese Portuguese-eer重读后缀pioneer volunteer engineer-ique重读后缀antique boutique critique technique-ic重读后缀前的音节realistic elastic electric strategic optimistic terrific pacific从名词到形容重读的变化origin - original industry - industrial memory - memorial finance - financialpresident - presidential33.非重读音节：轻而短madam problem symptom albumo’clock doctor photographyatom Adam读音相同的不同单词lesson - lessen profit - prophet seller - cellar caller - collar 两读音不同economy memory control contain develop Europe information commercial~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~34.句子中单词重读的依据重读单词的重读音节要louder,longer and higher in pitch实词重读，虚词（功能词）弱读I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat.I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat.实词+实词后一词通常重读I got a new job.Do me a favor.See you later.Let’s go for a walk.Did you do your homework?谓语+宾语宾语为代词，谓语要重读Did you get it? ——Did you get the job?Did you see it?——Did you see the film?Who stole it?——Who stole my money?Who stole the money from me?I was washing the dishes for her.He’s fixing the car for them.I just got a new job.I am so excited about it. I couldn’t find one for a long time.I’m working at the store. I’m selling women’s shoes.I started working there last week. On the first day, I was really nervous.There was so much to learn.35.长句子朗读根据语速，划分信息单位（意群，虚拟分组）；确定信息单位中的焦点词（关键词），焦点词通常在信息单位的后面部分；停顿多数发生在信息单位间，和出现焦点词的时候I was driving to the market to get something to eat,because I was very hungry.I was watching a movie with my friends when suddenly it started to rain.I was watching a movie with my friends when suddenly it started to rain.I was so tired that I couldn’t wait to get home.I was so tired that I couldn’t wait to get home. If I forget to pay my bill, please remind me aboutit.He wants to know if you need anything from the supermarket.Did you know it was snowing in all parts of the East Coast?When we climbed to the top of the mountain we could see the ocean.When we climbed to the top of the mountain we could see the ocean.36.形容词+名词：重读名词It’s a hot day.You did a good job.I have blond hair.I’m wearing a black jacket.I’m wearing a black blouse and a black jacket.I have brown eyes.I had a nice job.I have an older brother.I went to a party and I had a good time.That was fast.That was a fast flight.I have five.I have five dollars.It’s old.It’s an older film.He’s younger.He’s my younger brother. （younger：作形容词时，与作比较级时的读法不同）That was great.I had a great time.I have an older brother and a younger sister. She has brown hair and blue eyes.That old lady has a little dog.My new car has four doors.I read a good book during the long flight.双形容词+名词：重读前一形容词和名词big black dogangry old manlong hot shower现在分词作定语，与动名词不同。
牛津英语译林版9A Unit1 Know yourself课堂笔记
9A Unit 1 Welcome to the Unit 课堂笔记1.in good order 秩序井然；井井有条；有条不紊，整齐，情况正常；情况良好;Lucy很有条理，她的房间总是收拾得井井有条。
Lucy is well organized. She always keeps her room in good order.=Lucy is organized enough to keep her room in good order at all times.=Lucy is so organized that she always keeps her room in good order.Mrs. Green is an organized housewife. Everything in her house is always in good order.He found everything in the house in good order.他发现屋子里秩序井然.The young man is the last in order, so he has to wait for his turn.The teacher asked his students to put the sentences in the right order.2.show off 炫耀,卖弄,摆阔，摆谱年轻人应该学会谦虚，不要人前卖弄。
Young people should learn to be modest instead of showing off before others.妈妈常常告诉我既不要炫耀自己也不要轻视他人。
Mom often tells me neither to show myself off nor to look down on/upon others.We all know you are clever, but you‘d better not show off your knowledge.I know you have got a nice sports car, but I advise you not to show it off.He wants to show off how well he speaks English.e up with 提出/想出(办法、建议、答案…)，= think of, produce我们很难在这么短的时间内想出比这个更好的办法。
Lesson21-30知识点笔记(素材)新概念英语第一册
新概念英语第一册Lesson 21-30笔记Lesson21-22（1）give /ɡɪv/ v. 给，交给；（2）one /wʌn/ pron. 一个（3）which /wɪtʃ/ QUEST (用于疑问句中)哪个，哪些DET (用于指明在两个或多个答案或选项中所作出的选择)哪个，哪些 PRON-REL (用于关系从句句首，具体说明所谈论的事物或提供关于它的更多信息)（4）empty /ˈempti/ adj. 空的；空洞的，无意义的；空虚的；无知的，愚蠢的；无用的，徒劳的 v. 清空；变空；（5）full /fʊl/ adj. 满的，满是……的；饱的；最大量的；完整的，详尽的；足足的；圆润的，浓郁的；充实的；正式的；宽松的；丰满的； v. 装满，使充满；（6）large /lɑːdʒ/ adj. （尺寸、范围、容量）大的；广泛的，重要的；身材高大的；（7）little /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ adj. 小的，比较小的；用于强调对某人或某物的意见；年幼的；短暂的，近的；微不足道的；可爱的，可怜的（8）sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. 锋利的；尖的；（9）small /smɔːl/ adj. 小型的；（数量）少的；小规模的；无关紧要的，不重要的；幼小的，年幼的；（字母）小写的；（10）big /bɪɡ/ adj. （尺寸、数量、规模或年龄）大的；重大的，严重的；大写的（11）blunt /blʌnt/ adj. 钝的，不锋利的；直言不讳的，说话生硬的；v. 减弱；使不锋利，使变钝（12）box /bɒks/ n. 盒，箱，匣；包厢，专席；小亭，岗亭；方框，方格；邮箱；区，特定区域；（13）glass /ɡlɑːs/ n. 玻璃；玻璃杯；（14）cup /kʌp/ n. 杯子；一杯（的量）；（15）bottle /ˈbɒt(ə)l/ n. 瓶子；一瓶（的量）（16）tin /tɪn/ n. <英>罐，罐头盒；（17）knife /naɪf/ n. 餐刀；刀子，刀具，匕首；手术刀（18）fork /fɔːk/ n. 餐叉，叉子；（19）spoon /spuːn/ n. 匙，勺子；2、文章和语法（1）Give me a book, please这个句子的完整形式是You give me a book 是主谓宾宾的结构此处give后面跟的是双宾语me 和book 。
自考英语（一）课堂笔记完整版（11）
Unit6（第17讲—第19讲） Text A Diamonds 本课主要单词 1. rare adj. 稀有的，难得的 These animals are so rare that I would do whatever I can to save them.〔这些动物很稀有，我会尽我所能去保护它们。
〕 On the rare occasions when the old lady had any post， the little boy downstairs would go and get it for her.〔⽼太太难得有信，只要有信总是楼下的⼩男孩帮她去拿。
〕 Snow is rare in this part of China.〔中国的这个地区难得下雪。
〕 It is very rare for him to say “Sorry” to any others.〔他难得会对任何⼈说“对不起”。
〕 Believe it or not， she is a rare beauty.〔信不信由你，她是⼀个百⾥挑⼀的美⼈。
〕 a rare word〔冷僻的词〕 rare metals〔稀有⾦属〕 a rare disease（罕见的疾病） a rare medicinal herb〔珍奇药草〕 2. substance n. 物质；实质；⼤意；根据 They were trying to remove harmful substances from the soil.〔他们正设法去除⼟壤⾥的有害物质。
〕 Ice， snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、⽔是同⼀物质的三种不同形式。
〕 What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance？〔去听⼀个没有什么内容的讲座有什么意义呢？〕 What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.〔他⼤体上说的是我们应该采取有效措施防⽌污染。
口语·Lisa发音笔记
KK DJ/i//i://Ⅰ//i//e/ /ei//ɛ//e//ɑ//ɒ//ɑː//ɔ//ɔː//o//əʊ //u//u:/CD1Vowel sounds1.neutral and tense vowels/Ⅰ/ /ɛ/ /ə//ʌ/ /U/2.sit seat/i/ee ea ie ei/Ⅰ/I y3.cop cup/ɑ/o a/ə//ʌ/u ou o4.pool pull/u/oo ue/U/oo ould u5./æ/ as in “apple”/æ/aSay“/ɑ/”with a smile6./ɔ/ as in “ball”/ɔ/al au aw7./ou/ as in “most”/ou/o ow oa8./ər/ as in “her”/ər/er ar ear ir or ur9.Understanding stressed vowelsWhich syllable is stressedStress key words10.Understanding reduced vowels/ə/CD2Consonant sounds1.Fully pronouncing each soundFully move your lipsMove your tongue2.Voiced and voiceless consonantVowel is longer before voiced consonantice eyesback bag3.“TH” sound/θ/(s×t×) /ð/(z×d×)The tips of tongue touches the upperteeth/ Air flow/ Don’t too hard4.The American “L” soundProlonged and softerBehind the upper teeth5.The American “R” sound“R” is never silentCurl tip and pull it back6.The “W” soundRound your lips/ Air flow outKw<-qu quiet require7.The “V” and “W” soundV:The lower lip touches the upper teeth8.The “S” and “Z” soundhas bagsvowel/voiced + voicedvoiceless + voiceless/z/: has is was because these thoseplease always“vowel + voiced” has exceptions9.Stops and continuantsStop the airflow job b b b b×Continue yesssssssss√sometimesprolong and continuantpop music job marketDon’t release the final stop before aconsonantNot to always release the “T” at the end10.“T” between two vowels“T” between two vowels is a fast “D”better city It is11.“T” followed by “N”Hold the “T” before “N”written mountain12.The “ING” soundRaise your tongue up and back;try to keep it up there/ release abit or no release13.“TR” and “DR” soundstr=chrtry travel tradition introducedr=jr /dʒ/dry drama address14.“TU” and “DU” soundstu->chewstatue picturedu->jewgraduatet + you->chewd + you->jew15.“ED” endingsIf the last letter is T or D, “ed” isa separate syllableneed wait paintIf the last letter is voiceless, “ed”becomes a “T” soundstop work park pastIf the last letter is voiced, “ed”becomes a “D” soundrob love realize callCD3How Americans reallytalk(Advanced lessons)1.Linking consonant to vowelsLinking: connecting two wordstogetherLink final consonant with firstvowelIn n an n instant·Don’t speak faster·Stress the content·Don’t link between thoughtgroups2.Linking consonant to consonantBill likes swimmingCould prolong but not pauseLink consonants that have thesame point of articulationused tofive friendsbig kitchenDon’t release the stopconsonants, hold theme.g. /p//b//t//d/3.Linking vowel to vowelsee y it/i//oi//ai//ɛi/who w is/u//ou/4.Reducing words part 1Stress the contentReduce the functionas on at to for /ə/or our /ər/and /n/5.Reducing words part 2He did Did he? (deidi)her them :drop the “h”pronoun “h” “th”First. won’t be silentStress: I want Her6.Contractionsspoken; not emphasisdon’t; ’ve; ’ll; ’d; ’s; ’reIt’ll (idl)7.Difficult contractionscould have /əv/could have (dove)could not have /əv/could not havewould you have /əv/would you have8.Dropped syllables/ɑ/basically actually/e/vegetable interesting different/o/chocolate comfortablecomftrableaspirin evening family naturallymiserable favorite extraordinarytemperature opera cameradiamond laboratory severalpreferencebroccolibeverageCatholic9.Difficult wordssilent lettersknowbomb climb debt doubt subtleyachtadjust adjectivewalk talk could would should halfballet bouquet buffet valetChevroletmonths clothesreceipt psychology psychiccupboardArkansas Illinois island debrisanswer10.Relaxed speechhave a: hada woudaof a: kinda sorda bollato a: gotta wannalet me: lemmegive me: gimmeing: inIN CERTAIN CAUSALSITUATIONSCD4Rhythm and intonationLouder, longer and higher inpitch1.Basics of syllable stressseat ’sci/ence au/di/o’vi/sualsuc’cess ’urban’locate I’ran ’detail pa’renthesis’necessary ne’cessity2.Syllables of verbs and nounswords with two syllables:noun: stress first syllable (90%)verb: stress second syllable(60%-70%)office problem window paperapply agree create complainrecord object progress insultconflictpresent insert recall3.“ATE” wordsgraduate estimate articulateverb: fully pronounced (eight)adjective noun: reduce this “eight”(it)4.Stress rules for suffixesThere are so many exceptions…-ese: stress suffix-eer: stress suffix pioneervolunteer-ique: stress suffix technique-ic: stress syllable before suffixrealistic electric strategic Pacific’origin o’riginal’industry in’dustrial’memory me’morial’finance fi’nancial’president pre’sidential5.How unstressed syllables workmadam problem symptom album: /əm/o’clock doc’tor pho’tography: /ə/’atom ’Adam: /ə/lesson lessencaller collarprofit prophetseller cellare’conomy ’memory con’trol con’tainde’velop’Europe infor’mation com’mercial6.Basics of stres sing the right words withinsentencescontent words: noun verb adverbadjectivefunction wordsI will be driving to the market to buysomething to eatsecond content word gets more stressI got a new job; Do me a favor; See you laterDid you do your homeworkDid you ’see it; Did you see the ’bird7.Focus words and thought groupsI will be driving to the market to buysomething to eatfocus words:·most important word of a thought group·usually towards the end of the thoughtgroup·divide them8.How to stress adjectives and nounsstress noun more than adjectiveIf the adjective is alone, it do be stressedBut if there is a noun, we stress the nounTwo adjective and a noun: stress the firstand the nounpound nounsTwo words represent one thing:Stress first word of a compound nouncredit card; eyebrow; hairstyle10.Rules for stressing phrasal verbspick up; break down; make up; check upphrasal verbs: stress second wordphrasal verb has a noun equivalent: stressfirst words of places and peopletwo words: stress second wordSouth America; Los Angelesthree words: stress the last word12.Abbreviations and numbersstress the last letterof an abbreviationnumber: stress last number?3 or 4 letters(numbers) as a section13.Stress for special emphasisIn some cases, any word could bestressed if you have a good reason forstressing itDon’t do that too much(could)stress: emphasis or disagree a viewI will drive to the beach next week14.Rising and falling intonationStatement: pitch goes downYes/no question: pitch goes upWh question: pitch goes down15.Changing intonationList items in series: rising intonation and thelast one fallingIt indicates you have something more to saylike your pitch go up at the end of the firstpart of the sentenceIntroductory word: rising intonationon the other hand; if I were youGiving a choice: rising intonation and the lastone fallingRising intonation when you not finishspeaking and you have something more tosay and then falling intonation at the end ofyour sentence。
初三英语笔记完整版剖析
UNIT1笔记1.magic n.魔法magical adj.魔法的magician n.魔术师Do\perform /see/ learn /teach变魔术/看魔术/学魔术/教魔术magic trick/words /spells/wand/carpet/show2.amazing adj.指物an amazing trickamazed adj.指人be amazed at /to do /that amazed /surprisedamazement n. to o ne’s amazement/surprise do sth. In amazement/surpriseamaze v. sth. amaze sb =sth. make sb. amazed =sb be amazed at3.audience n. 观众in the audienceHis book has a lot of audience.(一大批观众)表示整体时语动词用单数（与family相同）4.applaud v. applauded applaudingWe applauded him for his bravery. Applaud sb. for sth.Applause n. give sb. applause for win applause5.pull out of =pull…from6.tap v.敲tapped tappedtap with sth tap on sth e.g. There was a tap on the window.Tap n.水龙头turn on /off the tap7.empty adj. full emptier emptiestempty v. emptied emptied empty out of empty the box =make the box empty8.assistant /helper n. 助手assistance /help n. 帮助assist /help v. 帮助help sb. (to) do sth. Help sb. with sth. help to do /withWith one’s help =wi th the help of sbCan’t help doing/to do help oneself to + foodHelp-helped-helped –helping helpful helplessAssist sb. in doing sth.9. a skillful set of actions take action action movie10.Reach +地点get to +地点就说到了用arriveReach a speed of Reach sb by phone Reach + number reach 身手脚等够到Arrive v. 到达Arrival n. Arrive at+小地点arrive in+大地点Reach across /out /over reach out/over =stretch out /over stretch for /reach for11.Cover v. cover sth. with sth. be covered with/ by12.表示顺序的词：第一，首先：first ,firstly , first of all ,to start with ,to begin with ,at the beginning ,at first 第二，其次：second ,secondly ,after that ,next ,what’s more ,第三，最后：to finish ,in the end ,at last ,finally ,at last13.Appear v. disappear =be gone disappeared adj.disappearance n. appearance n.14.Fame n.名声，名气famous adj.有名的=well-known =knownEnjoy fame come to fame15.Wait v. wait for sth. wait at the station can’t wait to do =look forward to doingWaiter waitress16.Sheet n. a sheet of paper =a piece of paper17.wear wore wornput on 表动作have on/be in /wear/be wearing 表状态in+颜色dress sb. /oneself dress up wear戴眼镜、留胡须、戴首饰with glasses18.Show n. 展览v.展示（showed \shown）Show sb sth. =show sth. to sb. Show sb around sp.带某人参观某地Show off 炫耀Show love \respect for sb. 向某人示爱\对某人表示感激show love and care to sb.Show sb. the way to sp.指路Be on show =be on display展览 a car show a flower showGo to a show show\ have\ lose interest in sth.At the magic show on a television show at the show19.动词形容词（指人）形容词（指物）名词confuse confused confusing confusionbore bored boringinterest interested interesting interestexcite excited exciting excitementsurprise surprised surprising surprisefrighten frightened frighteningscare scared scaryworry worried worryingEmbarrass embarrassed embarrassingAmaze amazed amazing amazment用法sth.+v.+sb be+adj+to do/that/+prep.+sb. it’s+adj.+for+sb.to do In+n. to one’s +n.e.g.Be confused at /about be bored with=be tired of =be fed up with be interested ine.g.Be interesting to sb show/have /lose interest in be excited at/ about /by20.名词（中考语法项目补充）可数名词的复数：可数名词有单数和复数两种形式：1．child→children（儿童）man→men（男人）woman→women （女人）an Englishman/Frenchman→two Englishmen/Frenchmen（英/法国人）foot→feet（脚）tooth→teeth（牙）mouse→mice（老鼠）ox →oxen（公牛）goose→geese（鹅）2．单复同形deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese●名词作定语名词作定语变复数只变后一个man,woman两个都变sports永远是复数20.二重音：magician ,amazing, applaud, assistant ,assistance,disappear,amazent21.四重音：abracadabra22.加an的词语：amazing，empty,assistantUNIT2笔记1.awards cn.奖品，奖状an award of +钱/for sth. be/get awarded forGive an award to sb.for sth. give sb. an award for sth.The awards ceremony get/have/receive an awardv. 授予，给…发奖award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb. award sb a medal =award a medal to sb. 2.ceremony cn. 仪式an opening ceremony /the closing ceremony /a wedding ceremonyhold /attend the graduation ceremony3.championship cn.冠军的称呼the world swimming championshipwin a lot of championships=win the first place= be a championwin the table tennis championship =win the championship in table tenniswin won won win + 比赛/奖品beat beat beaten beat +人/teamwinner lose the game lose to sb.4.make friends with sb. change the planes/seats5.at the age of nine =at nine years of age =at age nine =when he was nine years old6.hear v. 听见hear sb do/doing be heard to dov.听说hear of /about hear that hear from =have /get /receive a letter from sb. 7.mind v. 介意mind doing /one’s doing n, 头脑，思维change one’s mind.make up one’s mind to do=decide to do =make a decision to do =determine to do =be determined to do–Would you mind doing/one’s doing?-Sorry, but… /-Sorry, you had better not.-No, not at all. /-Certainly/of Course not./-Never mind.宾补a.不带to的不定式作宾补Make/have/let sb (not) doHear/see/listen to /notice /watch sb dob.Doing 作宾补Keep /have /get /find/leave/ sb doinglook at /see/hear/listen to /notice /watch sh doing smell sth burningsuggest/imagine sb doingc.adj. 作宾补make/think/feel/keep sb +adj.think/believe/feel/find/know/imagine/prove/choose(to be)+adj/nd.done 作宾补make oneself understood/heardget/have sth doneneed/want sth donee.n. 作宾补find/think/elect/feel/choose/name/call/make/leave sb +n.f.adv. 作宾补Mr Smith showed me out/ing.介短作宾补The police put the thief in prison.Keep your hands behind your back.h.不定式作宾补Call/want/would like/love/teach/ask /get/beg/allow/wish/like/hatePrefer/expect/encourage/advise/lead help sb do/to doi.可接as + n/adj.作宾补Accept/regard/take/treat/use/have/imagine/choose/electEg. We use the word as a verb.The players chose him as team leader.8.hear v. 听见hear sb do/doing be heard to dov.听说hear of /about hear that hear from =have /get /have a letter from sb.9.female male10.century the twenty-first century11.province n. 省province’s team Heilongjiang Province12.train n.火车take a train /catch a train by train/ on a trainv.训练train …as/to be train sb. for sth.13.athlete n. 运动员athletes athletic adj. 运动员的；体育竞技的athletic spirit an athlete a female /male athlete table tennis athlete14.every four years every fourth year every other three yearevery two years =every second year =every other year15.medal n.奖牌win a gold /silver /bronze medal16.disappointed disappointing adj. disappoint v. disappointment n.be disappointed at/ in sth. /with sb.be disappointed to do /that be disappointed not to dodo sth in disappointment to one’s disappointmentbe disappointing to sb. disappointedly adv.Sth make sb. disappointed =sth disappoint sb.17.not …for anything 无论如何不，绝不（常和wouldn’t连用）18.admire v.钦佩；赞赏to respect somebodyadmiration n. Admire sb for sth. = admire one’s sth.I admire his honesty/bravery =I admire him for his honesty/bravery.19.Stop doing /to do stop-stopped-stoppedStop/prevent …from doing keep sth. from doingAt the bus stop stop sb./sth.20.According to 根据；依照21.Upset adj. 难受的an upset stomachBe /feel upset about /at /over sth.22.Probably adv. 可能地probable adj.Probably = maybe He is probably right. = He may be right = Maybe he is right.23.Appear v. disappear =be gone=be lost =be missing disappeared adj.disappearance n. appearance n.24.Puzzle n. 难题；v. 使…困惑，烦恼Sth puzzle sb. =sth. make sb. puzzled the answer to the puzzle25.二重音：award, Olympics ,upset ,appear26.三重音：disappointed27.加an的名词或形容词：award ,athlete ,upset28.Skill cn. 技能Have skill in doingHe is a writer of great shill. Learn new computer skillsThe watchmaker showed his skill in / at repairing the old clock.He has much skill in teaching....的技能skilled( 由于训练而）熟练的，有本领的at/in)skilled workmen 熟练工人Skillful(在....）熟练的，精湛的，灵巧的，精明的in/at+n./doing)a skillful driver 熟练的司机Tony is skillful in /at fixing electrical appliances.托尼精于修理电气用品.29.believe +sb.的话believe in sb. 信任… believe in 信仰/相信…的存在believe what sb. says belief n.信仰30.start/begin to do/doing在以下三种情况下只能用to do 而不能用doing当主语是物而不是人的时候；It began/started to rain.本身就是ing; I’m starting to leave.后边的动词是表示人的心理变化的时候I began to understand my parents.UNIT3笔记1.Benefit n. /v. beneficial adj.Be of benefit/beneficial to sb. /sth.For the benefit of sb. =for one’s benefitHave /get/receive a benefit/benefits to doing /from sb. /of doing /of sth.There are many benefits to doing sth.e.g. There are many benefits to eating vegetables.=Eating vegetables is good for us.Sth. benefit sb. benefitted benefittedsb. Benefit from /by2.Whole n./adj./pron. 整个的；全部的Eat it whole the whole day /year all day =the whole day two whole weeks3.Reason n. 原因the reason for =the cause of the reason why /that4.Decide v. 决定decide sth.Details decide success=Success depends on details.make up one’s mind to do=decide to do =make a decision to do =determine to do =be determined to do5.Scared adj. scared, scaring more/most scared a scared child(常与of, to 连用) 恐吓，惊吓；使受惊；惊恐sb be scared of sth = be afraid ofscary scarier/scariest a scary story sth be scary sb.sth scare sb6.就近原则：there be/ either …or …/neither…nor…/not only…but also…/or就远原则：with/together with/along with /except/besides/as well as7.Do sth rather than do sth. would rather do than do would rather not doprefer to do rather than do =prefer to do instead of doing8.Due to =because of =thanks to =with the help of sb.=with one’s help=as a result ofBecause =due to the fact thatThanks for 感谢9.As…as1)As +adj./adv +as2)As +a/an +cn. +as3)Not as …as =not so…as =less than4)As +many +cn. / much + un.5)倍数+as…as =(倍数-1) more than6)As +…+as+ one can/ possiable10.Because 表示直接原因，语气最强，一般位于主句后。
美语从头学笔记重点讲义资料
《美语从头学·入门篇》笔记Lesson 1 Greetings 打招呼 (1)Lesson 2 Courtesy 礼貌 (3)Lesson 3 Name,Age and Nationality 姓名、年龄和国籍 (5)Lesson 4 Introductions 介绍 (7)Lesson 5 Occupations 职业 (8)Lesson 6 Time 时间 (10)Lesson 1 Greetings打招呼Ⅰ.Dialog 会话Dialog AA:Good morning,May.How are you？B:Hi,Tom.I＇m fine.And you?A:Not bad.Thanks.B:Good.See you.A:Bye.甲：早啊，小梅。
你好吗？乙：嗨，汤姆。
我很好，你呢？甲：还不错，谢了。
乙：很好，再见。
甲：再见。
Dialog BA:Hi,May.How＇s it going?B:Great.And how are you doing?A:Not bad.B:Ok.See you later.A:Take care.B:You too.甲：嗨，小梅。
近来如何？乙：很好，那你呢？甲：还不错。
乙：好吧，再见。
甲：保重。
乙：你也是。
★1.GreetingsGreetings这个词是复数n.问候招呼致意Don＇t forget to say greetings to uncle Wang.★2.Dialog 会话★3.Good morning Good morning=I hope you have a good morning.★4.badBad 坏Bed 床This bed is bad.这张床坏了。
★5.Thanks这个词是复数★6.HiHi≈Hey。
Hey不礼貌。
★7.Great=wonderful=coolⅡ.Vocabulary﹠Idioms 单词短语注解★1.good morninggood morning--good afternoon--good evening晚上好Good night 晚安、再见≠good evening★2.It＇s a fine day today.今天天气不错。
人教版初中英语七年级上册Units2-3笔记汇总
人教版初中英语七年级上册Units2-3笔记汇总2020年人教版初中英语七年级上册U n i t2&3笔记汇总1-That's my family.那是我的家庭。
（1）That's 意为“那是”。
是介绍人的句型，用于介绍距说话者较远的人。
（2）family 既指整个家庭，也指家人，当family指家人时，视为复数。
当family指家庭概念时，视为单数。
（3）类似的词还有class, government, team等集体名词，当他们表示这个集体的成员视为复数。
当表示整体时视为单数。
（4）family家庭，家庭成员house房屋住宅一般指人居住的建筑物home 家主要是指人出生或居住的地方，它有house没有的感情色彩Eg: I have a big family。
we live in a beautiful house。
we all love our home.我有一个大家庭，我们住在一所漂亮的房子里，我们都爱我们的家。
2-Those are my parents，那些是我的父母。
（1）This 这个，these 这些，That 那个，those那些（2）Parents指父母亲单数为parent，指父亲或母亲。
3-Are those your parents？——Yes，they are。
Are those/ these...? 那些/这些是……吗？——Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.4-Willhave a good day. 好的，祝你们玩的愉快。
——Thanks, you too！5-名词单复数变化规则。
（1）一般情况下直接在词尾-s；（2）以s, x，sh，ch结尾的名词直接在词尾加es；（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词改歪为i再加es；（4）以f/fe 结尾的名词改f或fe为v加es；（5）以字母o结尾有生命的加s，无生命的在词尾加s。
中级美语笔记
11. Power without pollution I’m all set./I’m ready.我准备好了polluteThis land is already polluted.Don’t pollute this river.power电，电力power failure停电We had a power failure for two years yesterday afternoon. During the power failure, the lights went out.（熄了）be concered aboutget rid ofpollutiona big/serious problem严重的therefore可以放在句首或句中，同howeverBruce is very nice.Therefore, I like him.Bruce is very nice;therefore, I like him.Bruce is very nice. I, therefore, like him.Bruce is very nice； I, therefore, like him.be worried aboutget rid of 摆脱Get rid of those cigarettes.You should get rid of the bad habit of smoking.You shoud quit/stop/give up smoking.rid oneself ofYou should rid yourself of the bad habit of smoking.be concerned about=be worried about=worry about宾语从句/名词性从句I don’t know where he lives.People in Ireland, however, don’t have these worries/concered. People in Ireland don’t , however, have these worries.be sure +that从句the solution/answer to the problem解决之道the answer to the question答案windmillgenerate发电、produce、createthink of考虑do the same (thing)what=the thing which12STOP THE NOISEDon’t be concered/worried.不要担心Last night, my son chatted on the phone for an hour.chat with sb. talk to/with sb.have a pleasant chathave a word with sb.=talk with sb.May I have a word with you about your son?have words with sb. over sth.=have an argumentstingy小气的sure=of course=you bet(年轻化，俚语)What’s the problem?=What’s the matter?be in love with sb.坠入情网fall in love with sb.be tired of厌烦，厌倦=be fed up with=be sick ofbe tired累I am tired of my son talking on the phone all night.=I am tired of my son’s talking on the phone all night.(较正式，书面) I am tired of the fact that he makes so much noise.be curious aboutI am curious about he works hard.错的I am curious about his working hard.I am curious about the fact that he works hard.at all hours of the day=around the clock=twenty hours a dayon the ball在认真听lose weight gain/put on weightPeter , you are too fat. You should lose some weight.You are too thin. You seem to gain some weight.on purpose=with intention=intentionallyDon’t hit me on purpose.不要故意打我do without没有什么就不行I can’t do without money.sure=surely的确sound like=sound as if13 Health comes first健康至上，健康第一Health is wealth.健康就是财富Health is above wealth./Health is more important than wealth.健康比财富更重要miser守财奴ashtray烟灰缸put out cigarettes吸烟You should quit/give up/stop smoking once and for all/forever.永远戒烟in that=becausethat引导的从句不能做介词的宾语Dogs can be dangerous in that they can bite.I’m curious about the fact that he studied so hard./I’m curious about his studying so hard.be in good health /be in poor healthLisa is in good health because she exercises every day.Peter is in poor health because he drinks and smokes every day.despite=in spite of尽管in spite of the fact thatkeep on doing sth.=keep doing sth.If you keep on studying, you will master English.kick the bad habit/get rid of the bad habitrealiz one’s dreamBob realized his dream after he graduated from college.realize/understand+that从句help sb (to) do sth.You should help Mother (to) wash the dishes after dinner.in public placesin public公开 in private私底下Bruce kiss his girl friend in public and Peter kiss his girlfriend in private. advertiseadvertisementplace an advertisement in the newspaperexcept that只不过是He is a nice guy except that he smokes.than ever (before)比以往in great numbers前面名词复数in great amounts前面名词不可数He drinks beer in great amounts in summer.That they are doing it is immoral, don’t you think?14 Quit cold turkeyquit及物或不及物Quit asking me so many questions.Quit smoking.cold turkey 相当于副词=all at once=once and for all一劳永逸，永远地不及物talk to=talk with及物talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事Bob talked his elder brother into helping him with his homework. promise sb. thatYou promised me that you would meet at six,but you were late.promise sb to do sth.Edward promised Sally to meet her at six.promise to do sth.I promise to help you with the dishes after dinner. make a promiseTom made a promise to Sally to marry her.Tom made a promise that he would marry Sally.give up=quitexcept that只不过是I’d like to go with you except that I am too tired. stingyevery time=whenever=each timeEvery time I go fishing, I catch nothing.你有没有钓到鱼啊 Any luck?can’t help doing sth.I can’t help admiring Peter.I can’t help but smoke.be true to sb.对某人忠实Whatever happens, I’ll be true to you.chew guma stick of gum/a piece of guma pack of gumwork有效，生效,行得通Your idea may work.His plan didn’t work so he had to write another. meditate不及物打坐，He is meditating over there.We meditated on this problem and figured it out.get/become nervous15. Don’t rely on luck唔心存侥幸rely on依赖As children, we rely on our parents.luck luckyI was lucky this morning. I found one hundred dollarspass examsWorking with Bruce is pleasant.To pass exams is every student’s dream.It’s every student’s dream to pass exams.fail/flunk examsflunk俚语flunk sb.Don’t flunk me, please.不要让我不及格nightmare=a terrible dreamdream a sweet dream做了一个甜美的梦dream about/of sb.梦到某人dream about doing sth.I dreamed about kissing Mary last night.have a nightmarerealize/fulfil one’s dream实现I realized that I had forgotten my umbrella when it started to rain.意识到parasol洋伞try anyway possible(which) they want to enterbe buried in埋葬于埋首于My father is buried in a millitary cemeteryPeter is always buried in his work.act as充当，当做In Austria, I acted as Peter’s intepreter.You are being modest.It’s th eir belief=They believeWhen in Romes, do as the Romans do.Nobody knows whether it works .ease疏解though =howeverThough he is nice, I don’t like him.虽然There is no substitute for sb./sth.16. Study or FlunkIf you don’t study, you will be flunk ed/failed. If you don’t study, you will flunk/fail.flunk俚语，不正式=failvi. You flunked.vt. You flunked the exam.The teacher flunked me./failed me.Don’t fail/disappoint me.不要让我失望passing grades及格failing grades 不及格bump into不期而遇encounter=run into/acrossI ran into an old friend.look depressed感到沮丧His words are very encouraging.The news is depressing.I felt encouraged by his words.or what或是什么Is it hot here or what?Is he crazy or what?There is something the matter/wrong with him. Who is it?双方都没看到的人exaggerate夸大You are exaggerating.How come 为什么Why is he crying?How come he is crying?I thought so.我当时也那么想I don’t think so.I think not.be sure ofI am sure of his support.I am sure that he will support me.be sure thatI am sure that it will rain today.Bruce is a fine guy,except that he is a little stingy.17 A Computer CarWith a car like this, life will be comfortable.a car with a computerstranger陌生人He is a stranger to music.Music is a closed book to Bruce.He knows nothing about Bruce.release me放过我You lost in town.sigh a deep sigh/utter a sigh/heave a sigh及物sigh deeply不及物When he found he had failed the test, he heaved a sigh. dream a terrible/sweet dreamhave a nightmareIt seems as if you are dreaming a terrible dream.口语中常用like, 书面语中常用as if/though一般情况下like作为介词fiction story小说，虚构的故事happen to sb.in that situationIn this dangerous situation, you should get away. They reached the top of the mountain on foot.He arrived in Vienna by train.be designed to do sth.This road was not designed to carry heavy trucks. This book is desighed to help you with your writing. The train’s destitation is London.It took us three hours to reach the destination.display展示，显现 on displayThere are many computers on display at that trade show.on the screenThere are something on my screen I don’t understand.give/key in the name of your hotel输入to top it off而且in addition/moreoveron top ofThe meal was wonderful. To top it off, the dessert was excellent. direction指示，方向With a car like this, you should be satisfied.18 Nothing Is PerfectPractice makes (whatever you do) perfect.perfect v.&adj.perfect sth.使…更完美help sb. (to) do sth.I helped Dad to repair/fix the car.The car is beyond repair.那辆车不能修理了get therego (for)one block走过一个街区take a left/make a left turn/turn leftExcuse me ,sir. I am new here. I think I am lost. But I have to go to…idiotYou idiot.get so angrymood心情We can easily tell the computer is in not a good mood.be in the mood for有心情做某事I am in the mood for dancing. Let’s go to a disco/disc/disk.live band现场乐队It will be broadcasting live.be angry withbe mad atMy teacher is angry with me because I flunked the test.I guess=I thinkIt’s not my day today.今天我真倒霉have a bad daylet out one’s emotion释放Singing is a good way to let out your/one’s emotion. virusI don’t function properly.我运作不正常cell细胞be wrong=go wrong出错You can’t go wrong studying English with Peter. Something is wrong with Peter.She wronged him by ignoring him.。
Lisa美语笔记整理
元音音索：通用：单元音：前元音：/\/ /\:/ /e/ /壬 /后元音：/u/ /u:/ /□ / /□ :/ /A / /a:/中元音：/a / /e :/双元音：合口双元音：/ei/ /ai/ /□ i/ /au/ /a u/集口双元音：/ia / /s a / /ua /KK:/ /ae / / a / /a / /A / /O / /U / /U / /* / /茁 / DJ:单元音:前■元音：/1 / /i:/ /e/ /ae /中元音：/a / / 3 :/双元音：/ei / /ai / /D I / /au / /a u /集口双元音：/1 a / /ea / /u a /辅音音素KK&DJ:单元音：/i/ /i / /s 収元音：/e/ /o/ /ai / /au / /o i /后元音：/u / /u:/ /D / /□合口双元音:enjoy noise boys annoying 爆破音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ 摩擦音：/f/ /v/ / 0 / /d / /： 破擦音：/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ 鼻音：/m/ /n/ /Q / 边音：/I/半元音：/w/ /j//g/ / /z/ / J / /5 / /r/ /h//if / /d 5 /1. 元音音素I/i/ /i / /s / /免/ / a/ /a //e/ /o/ /ai / /au / /□ i / pleasesee meat be Ii eve thi s difficuItif dinner bed men dress fr i endapple man stand angry hot topicoff i ce modern but gun jump love(/A /) /□//□/ /u/ /* / /歹 /always ta I I bought thoughtbook foot pul I push tookmoon shoes room bIuef i rst Thursday girl worklate gate basebaI I staygo drove sIow momenttime wild nine diningnow house ground announce2.中性/松元音/i / /E / /a / /u / 紧元音/i/ /ae/ /a/ /u/ /□ / fool -full hot - hut steeI - still bag - beg3./i/与/i //i/嘴唇向两边收紧，扁唇：舌头在口腔里向后收紧see cheese please beat be Iieve deceive/i /嘴唇放松；舌头位于正常位置，放松if different this thi ng system gymfeet -fit I eave -live sIeep -slip these - this fee I -filleat - it beach - bitch sheet - shit注意：主要区别不是长短而是紧松。
新概念英语第二册笔记-第二十一课
单词学习mad adj.发疯的be mad发疯，发狂（强调状态）go mad发疯，发狂（强调转变）drive sb mad逼疯/send sb madbe mad about sth对…疯狂的，狂热的/be mad on sthbe mad on football对足球狂热be mad on pop musicbe mad on jazzbe mad about/on sth/be crazy about…对…着迷go mad发疯，发狂/go crazy/go insane [in'sein](歌曲“Right Here Waiting”中，”I slowly go insane…”)the insane精神病人go bananas (sl.) become mad or angry, act very foolishly.发疯，发怒，傻里傻气go nuts发疯nut: (sl.) foolish, eccentric or mad personmental patient精神病患者mental hospital精神病医院like mad拼命地，猛烈地，疯狂地reason1) n.原因reasonable adj.合情合理的，良好的，尚可的at a reasonable price以合理的价格eg. The plane is in a reasonable condition.飞机的状态良好cause导致某事发生的起因the cause of the fire大火的起因eg. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer.吸烟是肺癌的起因之一。
reason1) n.原因for this reason由于这个原因for some resson由于某个原因( some:某一个，加可数名词单数)/for a certain reasongive a reason提出理由the root reason根本原因the reason is that…理由是…the reason why…is that……的理由是…eg. The reason why I study English is that I envy those who speak English well.我学习英语的理由是我羡慕那些讲英语很好的人。