名词性从句讲义
1 名词性从句
复合句包括两个或两个以上的主谓结构,其中一个是主句,另一个是从句(即在整个句子中作句子的一个成分,不能独立)。按照从句在句中的功能,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。因为这四种从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词,因此,统称为名词性从句。名词性从句需由连接词引导,连接词主要有三类:从属连词、连接代词、连接副词。从属连词只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用,又在从句中充当某一个成分。另外名词性从句要用陈述语序。
考点一 主语从句
常引导主语从句的连接词有从属连词:that(无词义),whether/if(是否);连接代词:what(什么;所……的),who(主格,谁),whom(宾格,谁),which(哪一个),whose(谁的),whatever(无论什么),whoever(主格,无论谁),whomever(宾格,无论谁),whichever(无论哪一个)等;连接副词:when(什么时候),where(什么地方),why(为什么),how(怎样)等。
1. that引导的主语从句
that只起连接作用,无词义,在从句中不作成分,一般不能省略。如:
That he will come and help us is certain.他来帮我们是肯定的了。
The pneumonia is a common disease is known to all.众所周知,肺炎是一种普通疾病。
2. whether/if 引导的主语从句
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需用it作形式主语。Whether/if 只起连接作用,译成“是否”,在从句中不作成分。如:
Whether it is true remains a question.它是真是假,还是个问题。(不能用if)
It is doubtful whether the manager knew the details of the plan.经理是否知道计划的细节,还值得怀疑。(也可用if)
3. wh-类连接词除起连接作用外,还在从句中作成分。连接代词主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等;连接副词在从句中作状语。如:
What you are doing is very difficult.你正在做的事情很难。(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)
Whoever breaks the law should be punished.任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。(whoever引导主语从句,在从句中做主语)
Who will do the job has not be punished.任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。(who引导主语从句,在从句中作主语)
When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.
我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。(when引导主语从句,在从句中作状语)
4. It +主谓+主语从句
有时主语从句放在句首,句子显得笨重,常把主语从句移到句末,用it作形式主语。
用句型有以下四种:
(1) It+系动词+形容词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的形容词有:good(好);important(重要的);likely(可能的);unlikely(不可能的);possible(可能的);clear(清楚的);necessary(必要的);true(真的);wrong(错误的);natural(自然的);strange(奇怪的)。如:
It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。
2 It is certain that your son will do well in his exam.你儿子在考试中取得好成绩是毋庸置疑的。
It is important that we must master English words as many as possible.我们必须尽可能多地掌握英文单词,这是很重要的。
(2) It+系动词+名词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的名词有:a fact (一个事实);a good idea(一个好主意);an honor(一种荣誉);a mystery(一个奥秘);a question (一个问题);a pity (一个遗憾);a shame(一种耻辱;一个遗憾);a pleasure (一件乐事);no wonder(难怪);common knowledge(常识)。如:
It is a pity that you didn`t attend the lecture yesterday.你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。
It is common knowledge that whale is not a fish.鲸鱼不是鱼,这是常识。
It is a complete mystery how the prisoner escaped.囚犯如何逃跑的,还是一个迷。
(3) It +系动词+过去分词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的分词有:known(众所周知);proved(证明);said(据说);reported(据报道);decided(作出决定);suggested(有人建议);advised(有人建议);ordered(根据命令);remembered(有人记得);thought(有人认为);considered(据认为);well known(很著名);hoped(有人希望);turned out(结果);pointed out(有人指出)。如:
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.据说这个教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
It is known to all that the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的。
It must be kept in mind that theory is combined with practice.一定要记住理论联系实际。
(4) It+不及物动词+that/wh-从句
常用于这种句型的动词有:appear似乎,好像;happen碰巧;matter重要;occur发生;seem似乎、好像;如:
It seems to me that you object to the plan.在我看来,你好象反对这个计划。
It happened that I was not there that day.碰巧那天我不在那里。
It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.他突然想到钥匙也许丢在车里。
注意:以上四种句型中前三种在表示建议、要求、命令、愿望、责任、义务时,从句谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,翻译成“应该”,如表示的是过去的动作,要用“should +have+过去分词”形式。如要表示对现在事务的惊奇、遗憾、惋惜时也常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略,翻译成“竟然;居然”。
It is advisable that she (should)take a couple of days of rest.建议她应该休息一两天。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.(有人)建议每个学生唱一首英语歌曲。
It is strange that he should say so.他居然会这样说真是奇怪。
It is a great pity that you should think so.你居然会这样想真是一件可悲的事。
It is no surprise that Carl should have won the game.卡尔赢得比赛并不奇怪。
5. 主语从句应注意的几个问题
(1) that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,但是在下列情况下that从句不可提前。
①在It is said/reported/believed/hoped that…的结构中。如:
It is reported that a bank was robbed yesterday.相当于A bank is reported to have been robbed
yesterday.
②在It happened that the teacher was not in the office that day.
③含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时。如:
Is it true that you will give up the job? 你将放弃工作是真的吗?
3 (2) 下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。
在it doesn’t matter +what/whether/if/how…结构中。如:
It doesn’t matter what you say.你说什么没关系。
Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程师是男是女,这要什么紧呢?
(3) 由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题
What引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对待取决于其成分的含义。如:
What me need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。
What I did was to turn off the radio.我们做的就是关掉收音机。
What I want you to learn now is to remember more words.我现在想让你学的是记住更多的单词。
What were left behind were five empty bottles.扔掉的是五个空瓶子。
考点二:宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句称作宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大体一样,用法也一样,宾语从句可分为四类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句,非谓语动词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
1. 动词的宾语从句
2. 介词的宾语从句
(1) 介词后面可以跟whether和wh- 类连接词引导的从句。如:
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.成功取决于我们是否做了足够的努力。
She always think of how she can do more for the people.她常常想到她怎样为人民做得更多。
As doctors ,we must pay attention to what the patients complain of.作为医生,我们必须重视病人抱怨的事情。
高中英语语法讲义——名词性从句(主从、表从、宾从,同从)
1 高中英语语法讲义---- 名词性从句(主从、表从、宾从,同从)
1, 陈述句做名从用连词that + SV, that 表主句肯定从句完整,不做成分。主从可用it 做形式主语,宾从第一个that 可省略。 You study hard.
主从:That you study hard is known to us.= It is known to us that you study hard.
表从:My opinion is that you study hard .
宾从:I think (that) you study hard. …and that (不能省略)….
同从:My opinion that you study hard is known to us. *比较同从和主从!
一般抽象名词后对其进行解释和说明的完整句子就是其同位语从句,不完整就是定语从句。
I appreciate your idea that we have an exam every week. (that后完整—同从)
I appreciate your idea that you came up with last time.(that后不完整---定从)
2, 一般问句做名从用连词whether(是否) + SV,whether表主句不肯定从句完整,宾从中可用if(介词后或宾从后有or not时只用whether)。 Does your friend like English ?
主从:Whether your friend likes English isn’t clear .=It isn’t clear whether your friend likes English.
表从:My question is whether your friend likes English.
高中英语名词性从句讲义(超详细版)
名词性从句
一.定义:
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. His words are true. What he said is true.
2. The dog sensed something good. The dog sensed that there was something good nearby.
3. These are his words. These are what he said.
4. My Maths teacher, Mr He, is a kind person. The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
二.引导名词性从句的连接词
连词:在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用 that, 无实义
whether, if 是否
as if \ as though 似乎,好像
连接代词:有词义,在句中担任主语,表语,定语或宾语。 what, 什么 who, 谁
whom, 谁,作宾语 whose, 谁的 which, 哪一个
whatever, whoever……也可以引导。 连接副词:有词义,在句中担任状语。
when ,什么时候 where, 什么地方 why, 为什么 how ,怎么样
how many, how much, how often
三.主语从句
1. 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
名词性从句讲义教案
名词性从句讲义教案
一、教学目标
1. 让学生理解名词性从句的概念和作用。
2. 让学生掌握不同类型的名词性从句(如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)的构成和用法。
3. 培养学生运用名词性从句进行有效沟通和表达的能力。
二、教学内容
1. 名词性从句的定义和分类
2. 主语从句的构成和用法
3. 宾语从句的构成和用法
4. 表语从句的构成和用法
5. 同位语从句的构成和用法
三、教学方法
1. 采用案例分析法,通过实际例句讲解名词性从句的构成和用法。
2. 采用互动教学法,让学生参与讨论和练习,提高运用名词性从句的能力。
3. 采用任务驱动法,设计相关练习和任务,让学生在实际操作中巩固知识。
四、教学步骤
1. 引入名词性从句的概念,让学生初步了解其定义和作用。
2. 通过例句讲解主语从句的构成和用法,让学生进行模仿练习。
3. 通过例句讲解宾语从句的构成和用法,让学生进行模仿练习。
4. 通过例句讲解表语从句的构成和用法,让学生进行模仿练习。
5. 通过例句讲解同位语从句的构成和用法,让学生进行模仿练习。 五、课后作业
1. 总结名词性从句的构成和用法,写一篇短文进行阐述。
2. 设计一个包含名词性从句的对话或短文,与同学互相交流。
3. 收集相关资料,深入了解名词性从句在实际语境中的应用。
教学评价:
1. 课后作业的完成情况,观察学生对名词性从句的掌握程度。
2. 在下一节课中,让学生运用所学知识进行口语表达,检验其运用能力。
3. 通过课堂提问和练习,了解学生在学习过程中遇到的困难和问题,及时进行反馈和指导。
六、教学案例分析
1. 案例一:主语从句
句子:What he sd surprised us all.
分析:该句中,主语从句 "What he sd" 作为整个句子的主语,回答了 "谁的话让我们惊讶" 的问题。
2. 案例二:宾语从句
句子:I don't know where he is.
高中语法复习名词性从句讲义
名词性从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
连词的选择
一在从句中充当句子成分
连接代词 what who whom which(有范围)
主 宾 表 定 Whatever whoever whomever whichever
连接副词 when where why how
状语 Whenever wherever however
二 在从句中不充当句子成分
That 无词义 只起连接功能
Whether/if 是否 as if/though 似乎 好像
缺什么补什么
如果从句缺主语 指人用 who 指物用what
宾语 指人用who/whom 指物用what
定语 常用what/which(有范围)It remained uncertain what side effect the
medicine would bring about.
表语 what Working hard when young makes Jack where he is at present.
状语 when where why how
什么都不缺 that whether/if as if/though
主语从句
That he was admitted to Peking University surprised us all.
It surprised us all that he was admitted to Peking University.
1. It is necessary/essential/compulsory/vital/important/strange/natural that……sb (should)do
2. It is a pity/no wonder/our hope that…
名词性从句讲义1
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. 名词性从句讲义
一. 名词性从句
在句子中起名词性作用的从句叫做名词性从句(Noun Clauses). 名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词或名词短语, 在复合句中担当主语, 宾语, 表语和同位语等. 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能可分为: 主语从句,
宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句.
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三种:
连接词: that, whether, if (不在从句中做任何成分)
连接代词: what, who, whom, which, whose和wh+ever (通常在从句中做主语,宾语,表语等)
连接副词: when, where, why, how以及wh/h+ever(通常在从句中做状语)
二.主语从句
1.概念: 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句.
2.连接词:
that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身没有词义,不可省略
whether 连接主句和从句, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 但本身有选择或是否的含义
whether与if 区别
(一)引导宾语从句,一般既可用whether也可用if。但
1 or not放在whether之后时,只能用whether不用if。
I don’t know whether or not he will come.
我不知道他是不是回来。
注1:如果or not放在whether所引导的从句句尾,则可以用if来替换。
I don’t know whether/if he will come or
not.我不知道他是不是回来。
2 在强调任意选择时,用whether…or,此时不用if替换whether。 He asked me whether I wanted to go there by
train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。
注:whether和or一起还有“不管”之意,引导让步状语从句。
名词性从句讲义
语法专题:名词性从句
一、意义:
➢ There is a growing fear that the effects of the outbreak will worsen if it is not contained.—
➢ Some scientists suggested thatthe media should “stick to the facts”.—
➢ After all, what threatens us now is the virus, not the people who are fighting it. —
➢ My suggestions are that we shouldeducate ourselves and make ourselves well-informed so as
not to further spread fears and misunderstandings.—
二、定义:
用一个句子来代替另一个句子的名词性成分就叫做名词性从句。
可根据该从句在主句中所作成分分为:主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。
三、连接词:
连接词:that(不作成分,没有含义), whether/if, as if/ though
连接代词:what(前后都缺), which(哪一个), who, whom, whose
whatever,whichever, whoever, whomever
连接副词:when, where, why, how
[Note]:that+陈述句(不缺成分),what+陈述句(缺成分),
whether+一般疑问句,wh-/how+特殊疑问句
从句都要改为陈述句语序。
Eg: Between money and power, he didn’t know which one he liked best.
I don’t care who you are, where you are from, what you did, as long as you love me.
高考名词性从句(主句宾句表句同位语从句)专题冲刺讲义
2023高考名词性从句(主句、宾句、表句、同位语从句)专题冲刺(含答案)
【真题重现】
(2021·新高考I卷·T1)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular
Beatle's song"The Long and Winding Road". 1 is so
breathtaking about
the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
what
(2020江苏高考真题)It is
not a problem __________
we can win
the
battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. Whether B. why C. when D. where
A
(2020天津高考真题)The student completed this experiment to make
come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
B
(2020浙江高考真题)Over thousands of years,they began to depend
less on 57 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on
animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
what
【知识精讲】
名词性从句
——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
一、所有从句做题步骤
1、判断从句类型 如何判断? 当看到两个谓语,划分主从句、主句缺主语、宾语、表语就是主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句; 主句不缺就是定语从句(修饰)、状语从句和同位语从句(等同)
名词性从句讲义 2
名词性从句
一, 名词性从句的概念:
1, 相当于名词,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句
2,名词性从句的引导词:
that, whether, if (一般是宾语从句),as if(表语从句),who, whom, whose, what, which, when,
where, why, how,以及由how组成的词组, 如:how many, how long, how far
两组需要注意的连接词
that/what
1)that和what都可以引导名词性从句,但that是连接词,本身无词义,仅起连接作用,不在从句中担任任何成份;what是连接代词,不仅引导名词性从句,而且在从句中充当一定的成份,如主语、宾语或表语。
e.g: That he stole a bike was true.
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.
高考真题:
_______ we can't get seems better than _______ we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
2)whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句,常可互换。
a.在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。
例如: ①This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.
b. 在动词不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。
例如: ①He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
c.引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句时只能用whether。
例如: ①It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。
高考英语语法突破四大篇第四部分专题2名词性从句讲义
1 专题2 名词性从句
框架结构图
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中的连接词
名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if等,连接代词what/who/which/whose/
whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever等,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever等。
1.that的用法:
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.
(2)一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that可省略,但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略:①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时;②有多个that引导的从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可省略;③介词except,but,besides,in等后跟that引
2 导的宾语从句时;④当when,who,what,where,why,how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understand wine.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(3)that和what的区别。
名词性从句讲义 3
名词性从句
概念
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。
种类
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
注:由于名词性从句在句中不同的句法功能(即名词性从句在复合句中,能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。),相应地,名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导词
类别 功能 例词
从属连词 指起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分 that, whether, if
连接代词 既起连接作用,本身又作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语 who, whom, whose, which, what,
whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 既起连接作用,本身又作从句的状语 when, where, how, why,whenever,wherever,however
主语从句
主语从句可直接放在句首,也可用形式主语it代替,而将主语从句后置。
that引导的主语从句
1) that引导的主语从句置于句首(that此时在从句中不充当任何成分,无含义,只起连接作用,不能省略)
That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.
注:从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
2) 在that引导的主语从句中,常用it作形式主语,that引导的真正的主语从句后置,常见的此类句型有:
① It+系动词+形容词+that从句。
常用于这种结构的形容词有:
necessary 必要的 certain 明确的
right 正确的 clear 清晰的
(un)likely (不)可能的 possible 可能的
strange 奇怪的 obvious 明显的
natural 自然的 important 重要的
It is likely that he can’t come to the meeting.
It is obvious that you have made a big mistake.
