2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解完整版
【答案】C【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。
空格所在句指出：我们中在没有电话，个人GPS 或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。
本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语义应该填入few（几乎没有人），符合文意。
2.[A]put [B]take [C]run [D]come【答案】C【解析】run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。
其他选项：Put on （穿上；使运转）；take on （承担；呈现）；come on （快点；开始），语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[C] run。
3.[A]Since [B] If [C]Though [D]Until【答案】B【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明。
此处为假设的情况，故填入if（如果）符合上下文的表达。
其余选项：Since （因为；自从）， though （虽然）， until （直到）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[B] If。
4.[A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally【答案】D【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明。
此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义通顺：你的确找不到北方。
其余选项：Formally （正式地），relatively（相对地），gradually（逐渐地）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[D] literally.5.[A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away【答案】A【解析】空格所在句译文：你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航文明。
前文讲lost（迷路），此处填入back（回到）文明之地相互呼应，故正确答案为[A] back。
6.[A]onto [B]off [C]across [D]alone【解析】空格所在句的句意为：当你路径，但不是完全的区域，你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿条路是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？通过后半句的问题，能够了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。
B选项off （远离，离开）符合语义要求；A选项onto（在…之上），C选项across（穿过，横穿），D选项alone（独自地，单独地）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。
故正确答案为B选项off。
7.[A]unattractive [B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar【答案】D【解析】空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。
空格所在的后半句but开头，所填入的形容词词需要和前面构成转折的逻辑关系，虽然偏离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的路。
只有D选项unfamiliar（不熟悉的，不常见的）符合要求；A选项unattractive（不吸引人的），B选uncrowded（不拥挤的，宽敞的），C选项unchanged（未改变的，无变化的）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[D]unfamiliar。
8.[A]site [B]point [C]way [D]place【答案】C【解析】空格所在句的句意：你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿个是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？空格处所需的名词需要符合上下文语境。
C选项way（道路）符合语义要求；A选项site（地点，位置，场所），B选项point（要点），D选项place（地方，地点）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。
故正确答案为C选项way。
9.[A]So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides【答案】A【解析】空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人，基本都靠淡水为生。
后面也就是空格所在句：如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的迹象……很明显空格处所填入的连词和前面构成因果的逻辑关系，只有A选项So（所以，因此）符合要求；B选项Yet （但是，然而），C选Instead（代替，反而），D选项Besides（此外，而且）带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[A]So。
10.[A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually【答案】D【解析】空格所在句的句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你找到的水一直走，你会看到人类的迹象……，空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并是句子语义通顺。
D选项eventually （最后，终于）符合语义要求；A选项immediately（立即，立刻），B选项intentionally（故意地，有意地），C选项unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。
故正确答案为D选项eventually。
11.[A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused【答案】A【解析】空格所在句提到：If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be surprised how quickly spotting a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings（如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，你或许会快速识别出一块特征明显的岩石或树木能帮助你恢复记忆）。
此句明显体现了积极褒义的感情色彩，根据这个线索，可直接确定A选项surprised为正确答案，即：你或许会感到惊讶……12.[A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result【答案】B【解析】本文第一段提到：“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了，而且你真的找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你回到文明社会”。
空格所在处提到：另一个: 登到高处寻找有人类住所的标志，因此此处的another 应该与tricks构成总分关系，即，空格处所填的名词应与tricks语义相近。
只有B选项option（选择，办法）符合要求。
13.[A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example【答案】D【解析】空格前提到“另一个办法就是登高来寻找有人类居住的标志”，关键词为：look for signs;空格后提到“在茂密森林里，你应该能够发现由于道路、电缆、火车轨道和人们在树林中开辟的其他道路而造成的树木之间的空隙”，关键词为：spot gaps。
而look for与spot语义相近，signs为抽象名词，gaps为具体名词，因此空格前后表是例证关系或总分关系，故D选项for example（例如）为正确答案。
14.[A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate【答案】C【解析】本题空格所在句是对前面句子的例证，故主题一致，因此空格处需填入的动词需和look for语义相近，故选择spot（识别，发现）。
15.[A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under【答案】B【解析】空格处需填入介词来和前面的动词carve及后面的名词woods构成顺畅的语义搭配。
Carve woods:在森林中开辟道路， B选项 through用法最恰当，故为正确答案。
16.[A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks【答案】D【解析】本题空前有一个指示代词these，通过语义，“these 16 ”指代上文的“roads, train tracks, and other paths”，并由定语从句“people carve through the woods”（人们在森林中开辟的……）修饰。
从语义上来看，breaks最合适。
17.[A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited【答案】A【解析】本空所处的句子“scan… for 17 light sources”，与本段开头“look for sign of human habitation ”结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填形容词和human意思相近，选择artificial “人造的”。
除此之外，17题后面“such as fires and streetlights,”所列举的两种光源的共同特点就是artificial。
18.[A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally【答案】D【解析】空后为条件状语从句“assuming you ”，与上文的“If you”构成顺接递进关系，选项中，只用finally表顺接。
19.[A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings【答案】B【解析】空后的定语从句“we leave on the landscape”，由语义得知此处应该填“标记”，所以选marks。
20.[A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose【答案】C【解析】所填动词需要与主语“tire blazes, tire tracks and other fearures”轮胎，轮胎痕迹和其他标记），宾语you，以及不定式 to civilization（文明）之间构成完整语义，所以此处填lead“引导”最合适。
【试题点评】完型填空为了测试考生实际应用英语的能力和语感。
具体说来，是从语篇的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。
这部分大家一定要注重思路和寻找线索能力的训练，一般做题的基本思路是，根据已知信息去填空，根据空前后的线索来选择填什么。
比方说，题目让考生填主句的内容，那词的同义词。
那么如何判断呢？首先根据需要填写动词后面出现的宾语，找到有同一宾语的句子，该句中的动词就是所需填写词的同义词。
具体相关知识点和解题思路在考研教育网强化阶段英语强化班的完型填空部分有重点讲解。
Section Ⅱ Reading C omprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly c apitalism”。
2019考研英语(一)真题答案(完整版)
2019考研英语(一)真题答案(完整版)Section I Use of English1. 【C】Few 词义辨析题;此题考查考生对于前后文语境的把握;首句中提出“今天我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上轻易获取”。
空格之后的语句与前面语义方向一致，再考虑到句中的without a phone，可知，此处需要双重否定表达肯定，所以，选择few，符合文意;2. 【C】run 固定搭配;此题考查与介词on的搭配情况;run on battery表示手机使用电池得以运行;其他选项的搭配为：put on(增加;假装;使…上场);take on(承担;表现;具有;流行);come on( 快点;开始;要求;上演;);语义搭配不通顺，故选择run on搭配;3. 【B】If 逻辑关系;此处考查逻辑关系。
空格处所在句为“... 你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，...找不到北方，我们有一些技巧能够协助你导航...文明”;前后句之间构成假设的逻辑关系，所以选择if;其余选项：since(因为，自从); though(虽然); until(直到)代入后，不符合语义表达;4. 【D】literally词义辨析题;空格处所在句为“假如你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，...找不到北方，我们有一些技巧能够协助你导航...文明”;literally表示确实地，真正地;符合语义表达;其余选项：formally(正式地);relatively(相对地);gradually(逐渐地)不符合语义表达;5. 【A】back词义辨析题;出题处的语义表达“我们有一些技巧能够协助你导航...文明”，只有back 与前文的lost(迷路)形成相互呼应，故而选择back;6. 【B】off 词义辨析题;空格所在句提到“为当你发现自己...路径。
但不是完全...的区域。
你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域中，哪个..是下坡路?哪里有最近的水源?”所以，根据句意表达，off(远离，离开)符合句意;其它选项：onto(在…之上;对…了解);across (穿过，根穿)，alone (独白地，单独地)，故选择off;7. 【D】unfamiliar 词义辨析题;根据出题处的语义表达，“为当你发现自己...路径。
2019年全国研究生考试英语(一)真题
2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1____of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2____ on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3____ you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4____ can’t find north, a few tricks to help younavigate 5____ to civilization, one of which is to follow the land…When you find yourself well 6____ a trail, but not in a completely 7____ area, you have to answer two questions:Which 8____ is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.9____,if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10____ see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11____ how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12____ : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14____ gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15____ the woods. Head toward these 16____ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17____ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18____ , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20____ you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All【答案】C【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。
2019考研英语(一)真题word版及参考答案
2019考研英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only sis parents and his friends, 1 those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common, Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatSection ⅡReading comprehensionText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement i s to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’ character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to p rovide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan” building where lo cal people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks totheir edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. B ritain’s public sentiment about the countryside____[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the political life in today’s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Mil ton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareho lders money,things may not be absolutely clear-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy acompany’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D]approval32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company[Al winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning to[Al more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[Al has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on pa per and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t ha ve the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure form its investors.[C]the complaints form its readers[D]the increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print edition for goog.[C]aim for efficitent management.[D]make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G foreach of the numbered paragraphs(41—45)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Mark it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.The different between today’sworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of optionsis so muchbroader. xxxx-xxxx-xxxx some settings, red sneakers or dress T—shirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social—media services like LinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two lennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal xxxx-xxxx-xxxx can beconfusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions—when looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look ore “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse of friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.The po int of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) W e don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem — confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flowof intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section ⅢWritingPartA52.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “LI Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the foiiowing xxxx-xxxx-xxxx your essay,you should1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning,and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)。
2019考研英语(一)真题参考答案(完整版)
Part B 参考范文：
Yours sincerely, Li Ming
2/3
Vividly illustrated in the above picture are two young college students climbing a famous
of this program and some detailed instructions which may help you have a clear clue.
濟溆塹籟婭骒東戇鳖納。
残骛楼諍锩瀨
This international program aims to help the students in the distant areas. It has been 10 years
Second, each teacher is required to have office hours for questions from students, four hours a week, from Monday to Friday. 酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥顧荭钯詢鳕驄。
I am sure that you would have a good time and make many new friends here. All of the teachers here are caring persons and this experience is expected to be an enjoyable journey and a good memory for you later. Please contact me immediately if there is any question. Best wishes to you.
2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析（text3）
2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析（text3）2019考研英语一阅读理解考的是人工智能有关的文章，为大家提供2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析(text3)，一起来看看解析吧！2019考研英语一阅读理解真题(text3)Text 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and h ow you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human driverssometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy Al” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop Al-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31. Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is mentioned because itA. fascinates Al scientists all over the world.B. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.C. involves some concerns raised by Al today.D. has sparked serious ethical controversies32. In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnessA. helps explain artificial intelligence.B. can be misleading to robot making.C. inspires popular sci-fi TV series.D.is too limited for us to reproduce it33. The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehiclesA. can hardly ever be found.B. is still beyond our capacity.C. causes little public concern.D. has aroused much curiosity.34. The author's attitude toward Google's pledges is one ofA. affirmationB. skepticism.C. contemptD. respect.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Al's Future: In the Hands of Tech GiantsB. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AlC. The Conscience of AI: Complex But InevitableD. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control2019考研英语一阅读理解答案解析(text3)31. 答案【C】 involves some concerns raised by Al today.解析：本题目为首段例证题，首段例证主要为了引出全文的讨论的主题(introduce the topic)。
卓顶精文2019年考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解).doc
2019年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections：YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYk A,B,CoYDontheANSWEYSHEET.(10points)TYustisatYickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessaYycondition_____( 1)manywoYthwhilethings:childcaYe,fYiendships,etc.OntheotheYhand,putti ngyouY_____(2)inthewYongplaceoftencaYYiesahigh_____(3)._____(4),whydowetYustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____(5)peopleplac etheiYtYustinanindividualoYaninstitution,theiYbYainsYeleaseoGytocin,a hoYmonethat_____(6)pleasuYablefeelingsandtYiggeYstheheYdinginstYuctth atleadssheeptoflocktogetheYfoYsafetyandpYomptshumansto_____(7)withone anotheY.SwissScientistshavefoundthateGposuYe_____(8)thishoYmoneputsus inatYusting_____(9):Inastudy,YeseaYcheYsspYayedoGytocinintothenosesof halfthesubjects;thosesubjectsweYeYeadytolendsignificantlyhigheYamount sofmoneytostYangeYsthanweYetheiY_____(10)whoinhaledsomethingelse._____(11)foYus,wealsohaveasiGthsensefoYdishonestythatmay_____(12)us.A CanadianstudyfoundthatchildYenasyoungas14monthscandiffeYentiate_____( 13)acYediblepeYsonandadishonestone.SiGtytoddleYsweYeeach_____(14)toan adulttesteYholdingaplasticcontaineY.ThetesteYwouldask,“What'sinheYe?”befoYelookingintothecontaineY,smiling,andeGclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsub jectwastheninvitedtolook_____(15).Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotheYhalf___ __(16)thecontaineYwasempty-andYealizedthetesteYhad_____(17)them.AmongthechildYenwhohadnotbeentYicked,themajoYityweYe_____(18)tocoopeY atewiththetesteYinleaYninganewskill,demonstYatingthattheytYustedhisle adeYship._____(19),onlyfiveofthe30childYenpaiYedwiththe"_____(20)"tes teYpaYticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A．onB．likeC．foYD．fYom2.A．faithB．conceYnC．attentionD．inteYest3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．pYice4.A．TheYefoYeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When6.A．selectsB．pYoducesC．appliesD．maintains7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compaYe8.A．atB．byC．ofD．to9.A．conteGtB．moodC．peYiodD．ciYcle10.A．counteYpaYtsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．suppoYteYs11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．IYonic12.A．monitoYB．pYotectC．suYpYiseD．delight13.A．betweenB．withinC．towaYdD．oveY14.A．tYansfeYYedB．addedC．intYoducedD．entYusted15.A．outB．backC．aYoundD．inside16.A．discoveYedB．pYovedC．insistedD．YemembeYed17.A．betYayedB．wYongedC．fooledD．mocked18.A．foYcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled19.A．IncontYastB．AsaYesultC．OnthewholeD．FoYinstance20.A．infleGibleB．incapableC．unYeliableD．unsuitableSectionⅡYeadingCompYehensionPaYtADiYections:YeadthefollowingfouYteGts.AnsweYthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA ,B,CoYD.MaYkyouYansweYsontheANSWEYSHEET.（40points）TeGt1AmongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillpYobab lygounmentionedintheneGtpYesidentialcampaign:WhathappenswhentheYobots comefoYtheiYjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentiYely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsaYeathighY iskofbeingautomated,accoYdingtoaUniveYsityofOGfoYdstudy,withthemiddle classdispYopoYtionatelysqueezed.LoweY-incomejobslikegaYdeningoYdaycaY edon'tappealtoYobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-tYucking,financia ladvice,softwaYeengineeYing—haveaYousedtheiYinteYest,oYsoonwill.TheY ichowntheYobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisn'ttobealaYmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalh asbenefitedwoYkeYsinthepast.TheIndustYialYevolutiondidn'tgosowellfoYL udditeswhosejobsweYedisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyYaisedl ivingstandaYdsandcYeatedmoYejobsthanitdestYoyed.Likewise,automationsh ouldeventuallyboostpYoductivity,stimulatedemandbydYivingdownpYices,an 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thatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthYeatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomean dlaboYincome,taGesandthesafetynetwillhavetobeYethought.TaGesonlow-wag elaboYneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheeaYnedincometaGcYeditshoul dbeeGpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouYagewoYk,YewaYdcompaniesfoYjob cYeation,andYeduceinequality.TechnologywillimpYovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloveYtheneGtfewyeaYs, yetthiswillbelittlecomfoYttothosewhofindtheiYlivesandcaYeeYsupendedby automation.DestYoyingthemachinesthataYecomingfoYouYjobswouldbenuts.Bu tpoliciestohelpwoYkeYsadaptwillbeindispensable.21.【题干】WhowillbemostthYeatenedbyautomation? A．Leadingpoliticians.B．Low-wagelaboYeYs.C．YobotowneYs.D．Middle-classwoYkeYs.22.【题干】WhichofthefollowingbestYepYesenttheauthoY'sview? A．WoYYiesaboutautomationaYeinfactgYoundless.B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesuppoYt. C．IssuesaYisingfYomautomationneedtobetackled D．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided23.【题干】EducationintheageofautomationshouldputmoYeemphasison_____. A．cYeativepotential.B．job-huntingskills.C．individualneeds.D．coopeYativespiYit.24.【题干】TheauthoYsuggeststhattaGpoliciesbeaimedat_____. A．encouYagingthedevelopmentofautomation. B．incYeasingtheYetuYnoncapitalinvestment. C．easingthehostilitybetweenYichandpooY. D．pYeventingtheincomegapfYomwidening.25.【题干】InthisteGt,theauthoYpYesentsapYoblemwith_____. A．pposingviewsonit.B．possiblesolutionstoit.C．itsalaYmingimpacts.D．itsmajoYvaYiations.TeGt2。
2019考研英语真题.docx
2019 考研英语 ( 一)真题答案 ( 完整版 )Section I Use of English1.【C】Few 辨析 ; 此考考生于前后文境的把握 ; 首句中提出“今天我生活在一个 GPS系，数字地和其他航用程序都在我的智能手机上易取”。
空格之后的句与前面方向一致，再考到句中的 without a phone ，可知，此需要双重否定表达肯定，所以， few，符合文意 ;2.【C】run 固定搭配 ; 此考与介 on 的搭配情况 ;run onbattery 表示手机使用池得以运行 ; 其他的搭配： put on( 增加 ; 假装 ; 使⋯上 );take on( 承担 ; 表 ; 具有 ; 流行 );come on( 快点 ; 开始;要求 ; 上演 ;); 搭配不通，故 run on 搭配 ;3.【B】If 关系 ; 此考关系。
空格所在句“ ... 你在没有或指南的情况下迷路， ... 找不到北方，我有一些技巧能助你航 ... 文明” ; 前后句之构成假的关系，所以if;其余：since(因，自从); though(然); until(直到)代入后，不符合表达;4.【D】literally 辨析 ; 空格所在句“假如你在没有或指南的情况下迷路， ... 找不到北方，我有一些技巧能助你航 ... 文明” ;literally表示确地，真正地;符合表达;其余： formally(正式地);relatively(相地);gradually(逐地)不符合表达 ;5.【A】back 辨析 ; 出的表达“我有一些技巧能助你航 ... 文明”，只有 back 与前文的 lost( 迷路 ) 形成相互呼，故而 back;6.【B】off 辨析 ; 空格所在句提到“ 当你自己 ... 路径。
但不是完全 ... 的区域。
你需要回答两个：在个特殊区域中，哪个 .. 是下坡路 ? 哪里有最近的水源 ?”所以，根据句意表达， off( 离，离开 ) 符合句意 ; 其它： onto( 在⋯之上 ;⋯了解 );across ( 穿，根穿 ) ，alone ( 独白地，独地 ) ，故 off;7.【D】unfamiliar 辨析 ; 根据出的表达，“ 当你自己 ... 路径。
2019年全国研究生考试英语(一)真题
2019年考研英语一真题及答案详解Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1____of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2____ on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3____ you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4____ can’t find north, a few tricks to help younavigate 5____ to civilization, one of which is to follow the land…When you find yourself well 6____ a trail, but not in a completely 7____ area, you have to answer two questions:Which 8____ is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water.9____,if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10____ see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11____ how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.Another12____ : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14____ gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15____ the woods. Head toward these 16____ to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17____ light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18____ , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20____ you to civilization.1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All【答案】C2. [A]put [B]take [C]run [D]come【答案】C3. [A]Since [B] If [C]Though [D]Until【答案】B4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally【答案】D5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away【答案】A6. [A]onto [B]off [C]across [D]alone【答案】B7. [A]unattractive [B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar 【答案】D8. [A]site [B]point [C]way [D]place【答案】C【9. [A]So [B]Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides【答案】A10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually 【答案】D11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused【答案】A12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result【答案】B13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example 【答案】D14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate【答案】C15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under【答案】B16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks【答案】D17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited【答案】A18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally【答案】D19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings【答案】B20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose【答案】CDirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of topexecutives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold banke rs accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”。
2019年考研英语(一)-答案
Section I Use of English1、【答案】C. Few 【试题考点】词义辨析和上下文语境【解析】此题词义辨析和上下文语境。
首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。
空格所在句指出：我们中_____在没有电话，个人GPS或其他导航工具的情况下直接走进树林。
本句有without 与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语义应该填入few(几乎没有人)，符合文意。
2、【答案】C. run 【试题考点】词组搭配【解析】此题考查词组搭配。
run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。
其他选项：Put on (穿上;使运转);take on (承担;呈现);come on (快点;开始)，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[C] run。
3、【答案】B. If 【试题考点】逻辑关系【解析】此题考查逻辑关系。
空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。
此处为假设的情况，故填入if(如果)符合上下文的表达。
其余选项：Since (因为;自从), though (虽然), until (直到)带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[B] If。
4、【答案】D. literally 【试题考点】词义辨析【解析】空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。
此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义通顺：你的确找不到北方。
其余选项：Formally (正式地)，relatively(相对地)，gradually(逐渐地)带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[D] literally.5、【答案】A. back 【试题考点】词义辨析和上下文语境【解析】空格所在句译文：____你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，____找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航____文明。
2019年全国研究生考试英语(一)真题及参考答案
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1, when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2.As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of4the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight7altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these9, I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10. Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to11my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in14to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly15and dropping weight, this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting5.[A]modify [B]set [C]review [D]reach6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming20. [A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,”Malti says.“We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.A)regulate a child's basic emotionsB)improve a child's intellectual abilityC)foster a child’s moral developmentD)intensity a child's positive feelings22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.A)deceptiveB)burdensomeC)addictiveD) deception23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.A)emotions are context-independentB)emotions are socially constructiveC)emotional stability can benefit healthD)an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions”(Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that _______.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,”we may need to _______.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps,such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World EnvironmentDay—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably, rather than as“citizens”hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing”mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”, the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. We have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our government to lead the combat39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost-effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB. can be too inconsistentC. are far from sufficientD. are far from rationalPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said.“HGTV has seriouslychanged how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said. Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.A.remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.41.Ryan Hooper B.says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.42. Adam Bailey C. advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions.43. Tracey Hampson D. thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.44. Aaron Norris E. notes that aspects like children’s friends and social activities should be considered upon homebuying.45.Julie Gurner F. believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions.G. assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.”Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email toSuppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) Tell him about your arrangements.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming”instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计Use of English1.[答案]【D】However2.[答案]【A】helps3.[答案]【B】solely4.[答案]【B】lowering5.[答案]【D】reach6.[答案]【B】depiction7.[答案]【A】due to8.[答案]【D】immediate9.[答案]【C】reasons10.[答案]【A】instead11.[答案]【A】track12.[答案]【D】account for13.[答案]【B】adjust14.[答案]【A】results15.[答案]【C】hungry16.[答案]【D】sign17.[答案]【C】decision18.[答案]【A】disappointing19.[答案]【A】because20.[答案]【A】obsessingText 121.【答案】[C]foster a child’s moral development22.【答案】[B]burdensome23.【答案】[D]an emotion can play opposing roles24.【答案】[B]can result from either sympahty or guilt25.【答案】[D]wrongdoingsText 226.【答案】[D]forests may become a potential threat27.【答案】[D]lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.【答案】[B]reduce the density of some of its forests29.【答案】[A]To handle the areas in serious danger first30.【答案】[C]supportiveText 331.【答案】[C]Flaws in U. S. immigratinon rules for farm workers.32.【答案】[D]the aging of immigrant farm workers33【答案】[B]To get native U.S. workers back to farming.34【答案】[A]slow graning procedures.35【答案】[B]Import Food or Labor?Text 436.【答案】B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37.【答案】B. prevent us from making further efforts38.【答案】D. We should press our governmental to lead the combat.39.【答案】D. a top down process40.【答案】C. are far from sufficientText541. [A] remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children42. [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decision43. [C] advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions44. [G] assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media45. [F] believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions.46.我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。