【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 专题突破解题策略5 阅读理解之篇章结构题
(4) 类比。这类文章通常以对比事物之间的共同点或者差 异为主。 解答该类型题目，考生要准确理解文章主旨大意，清楚 地把握文脉，即句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系，弄清作者的 写作思路，才能做出正确的答案。
[典例2] (2015·安徽高考E) Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific
Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen
foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many
aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's
celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat and when and how we eat them are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. ...
57．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
[ 解析 ]
A
文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产给环境和生态
带来的种种危害，呼吁人们不要购买这种咖啡，而要买对环境 有利的产品。文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生 产的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破 坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡， 所以是总分总的结构 affect weight. Researchers conclude that the
French tend to stop eating when they feel full. However ， Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over.
74．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ________. A．using examples C．analyzing causes B．making comparisons D．describing processes
[ 解析 ]
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun
coffee plantations ( 种 植 园 )could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸 性的) soil conditions.
2．写作手法类题型
作者采用不同方法来组织文章，如： (1)时间顺序。按照时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展，或 某一研究成果由过去到现在的发展情况。 (2)空间顺序。按照事物的空间结构顺序，例如从左到右， 从内到外，从整体到局部等进行描写或者说明。 (3)举例。所列举的事物用来佐证观点，通常是数据、事例 等。
A
文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的
文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通过两种基本 的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。根据倒数第二段“In China, when a baby is one month old...In many cultures, round foods”可知，作 者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for
full-sun coffee fields also threatens( 威胁 )human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area's birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many species are quickly dying out.
activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense
when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that
走向高考 ·英语
人教版 ·高考总复习
路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索
第一部分 必修三
基础知识聚焦
专题突破解题策略(五)
阅读理解之篇章结构题
把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章主题。在近几年的高 考题英语试题中出现了专门考查文章结构和写作手法的考题， 如安徽卷中的任务型读写题、江苏卷中的任务型阅读和湖南卷 中的填空题就考查了考生对文章结构的理解。北京卷、陕西 卷、重庆卷在近几年的阅读理解中也比较注重对文章结构的考 查。在《考试大纲》中也明确要求考生“理解文章的基本结 构”。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次。一是按段落 的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法(论证方法)理解
[典例3] (2014·陕西高考C) Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a
child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
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【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 1 Festivals around the world课件
Ⅳ.语法过关
情态动词(Ⅰ) 1．—In case anyone ________ come in my absence，tell him
I will be back soon.
—Sure, I will. 答案：should 考查情态动词。句意：——我离开期间万一 有人来找我，告诉他我很快就回来。——好的。根据句意可知， 此处应用should，表示可能，意为“假如，万一”。
子。
5．The country, ________(cover) with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered ________ pink snow. 整个国家到处盛开着樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红的 雪。
6．________ was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop
⑤tie n.
⑥glove n. ⑦scarf n.
领带
手套 围巾
⑧boot n.
靴子
3．表示“相信”与“不相信”的高频单词全接触 ①belief n. ②faith n. ③convince vt. 信任；信心；信仰 信任；信念；诚意；信仰 使确信；使信服
④suspect vi.& vt.
n. ⑤reliable adj. ⑥unbelievable adj.
3 ． Some festivals ________(hold)to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, ________ might return either to help ________ to do harm. 有些节日是为了纪念者或取悦先人，因为他们可能会回
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课件
from the walnut tree. Can you get rid ③________ them please？”
I felt very proud. Here was ④________ chance for me to distinguish ⑤________ by inventing something ⑥________
考点探究演练
1.seize vt. 抓住；夺取 归纳拓展 seize an opportunity/a chance/every minute抓住机会/每一分 钟
seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize on/upon sth. 抓住„„；利用„„ seize sth. from sb. 把某物从某人手中抢过去
送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。
3．Only after you have had that recognition ________ you say that you are truly ________ inventor. 只有你得到这种承认，你才可以说你是一个真正的发明
家。
4．The criteria are so strict ________ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted ________ they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的， 否则很难被接受。
n．污点；瑕疵；锈
freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→________ freeze 16．________ v．使„„ 冻住/结冰；冻结 17．________ innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→________ innocence n．清白；无辜；天真无邪
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 4 Body language课件 新人教版必修4
lose face 11．丢脸__________________
turn one's back to 12．背对；不理睬；背弃__________________
defend...against 13．保卫„„以免受__________________ facial expression 14．面部表情__________________ be/get close to 15．靠近；接近__________________ introduce...to... 16．把„„介绍给„„__________________ not/neither...nor... 17．既不„„也不„„__________________ as well 18．也；还__________________ 19．冲进/冲出__________________ dash into/dash out of in general 20．总的来说；通常__________________
走向高考 ·英语
人教版 ·高考总复习
路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索
第一部分 必修四 Unit 4
基础知识聚焦
Body language
1
基础知识晨记
3
基础知识巩固
2
考点探究演练
基础知识晨记
Ⅰ.单词速记 A．快速识记 1. dormitory ________ n. 宿舍 crossroads 2． ________ n．十字路口 hug 3．________ v．& n．拥抱 major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业 4．________ ease n．安逸；舒适 5．________ vt.减轻 function n．功能；职能；作用 vi.运行 6．________ adult n．成年；成年人 adj.成人的；成熟的 7．________ approach vt.& vi.接近；靠近 n．接近；方法；途径 8．________
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 5 Theme parks课件 新人教版必修4
Ⅴ.语篇填空
The theme park you are ①________(probable) most familiar with is Disneyland. ②________ can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into ③________ magical world and make ④________ dreams come true, whether ⑤________ (travel) through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy ⑥________ (amuse) park, you may see Snow White or Mickey
joyful，________(occasion) bending down to pick up a beautiful seashell. 答案：occasionally 句意：那个小女孩高兴地沿着沙滩漫 步，偶尔弯下腰捡一个美丽的贝壳。根据句意可知，此处应用 occasionally，表示“偶尔，间或”。
length n ．长度 → ________ width n ．宽度 → ________ height 19 ． ________ depth n．深度 n．高度→________ attraction n．吸引；有吸引力的事物→________ attract vt.吸 20．________ 引→________ attractive adj.吸引人的；有魅力的；引人注目的
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 4 Wildlife protection课件
的动物是如何在一起生活的。
3．No rainforest, no animals, ________ drugs.
没有雨林，就没有动物，也就没有药物了。
4．They ________(live) on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans ________ ________ ________ and their future seemed secure at that time. 千百万年前，它们(恐龙)就在地球上生活，比人类的出现 要早得多，当时它们的前景好像也很安全。
employ vt. 雇 用 ； 利 用 → ____________ employment n ． 雇 用 19 ． ________ employer n．雇主→________ employee n．雇员 →________
secure adj. 安全的；可靠的 → ________ security n ．安全 20 ． ________ safety n．安全 →(同义词)________
2．The paint on the statues is ________(clear) away and they
will be restored to their former glory. 答案： being cleared 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：雕 像上的油漆正在被清除，它们即将恢复昔日的风采。the paint 与clear away之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；再结合后面的 will可知，应用现在进行时。
走向高考 ·英语
人教版 ·高考总复习
路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索
第一部分 必修二 Unit 4
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 3 Travel journal课件 新人教版必修1
3．The police have put up posters around the city with photos
of the man they ________(seek) in connection with the killing of a customer outside a bank. 答案：are seeking 考查动词的时态。句意：警方在全城 张贴了他们正在搜寻的那个男人的照片，那个男人与一起在银 行外发生的谋杀案有关。根据句意可知，seek这个动作正在进 行，所以用现在进行时。
flammable/inflammable flame n．火焰；光芒；热情 →___________________ 14．_____
adj.易燃的→explosive ________ adj.易爆的 rely reliable adj.可信赖的；可 15．________ vi.依靠；依赖→________ reliability n．可靠性 靠的→________
n.
2．与“性格”有关的形容词小结
①stubborn
②optimistic ③pessimistic ④easy-going ⑤gentle ⑥outgoing
固执的
乐观的 悲观的 随和的 温和的 外向的
3．“学习过程”相关单词集锦
①attend vt.
②concentrate vi. ③review vi. ④acquire vt. ⑤absorb vt. ⑥grasp vt. n. ⑦master vt.
graduation n. 毕业 8．graduate _______vi.毕业 n．大学毕业生→__________ detailed adj.详细的；详尽的 9．detail _____ n．细节；详情→________ final adj.最后的；最终的→______ finally adv.最后；终于 10．_____ stubbornness 11 ．stubborn ________ adj. 顽 固 的 ； 固 执 的 → ____________ n．顽固；固执；倔强 12 ． disadvantage ____________ n ． 缺 点 ； 不 利 条 件 → ( 反 义 advantage n．优势；有利条件 词)___________ insure 13 ． ________ vt. 确 保 ； 给 „„ 保 险 insurance n．保险 against)→________ vi. 投 保 ( 后 接
【走向高考】2017版高考英语(外研版)一轮总复习课件 必修1 Module 1
[情景活用]
用所给词的适当形式填空 ① His ________ questions made me ________ greatly. (embarrass) ②He was ________ at the ________ news, so there was a ________ look on his face. (disappoint) ③We were all ________ at his ________ experiences in South Africa. (amaze)
高频必知 academic adj.)学术的 10．__________( 11．enthusiastic __________(adj.)热心的
behaviour n.)行为；举动 12．__________( behave →____________( v.)表现，使守规矩 bored 13．__________( adj.)厌烦的；厌倦的 boring →____________( adj.)令人厌烦的 bore →____________( vt.)使厌烦(n.)令人厌烦的人或物
at the start/end of 5．在……开始/结束的时候 ____________________ go to college 6．上大学 ____________________ 7．be impressed by/with 8．be divided into 9．far from 对……有印象 ____________________ 被(划)分成…… ____________________ 远离；远非 ____________________ 参加 ____________________
④Jane is ________ because her job is ________， which
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 4 Sharing课件 新人教版选修7
处，他们中的大部分人在八年级后将回到他们的村庄。
4．We walked for ________ ________ ________ ________
hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down ________ steep path to the valley below. 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊 我们看到了奇妙的景色，然后下一个陡坡，一直走到下面的山 谷。
relevant 14． __________ adj.有关的；切题的 related/relative/involved adj.有关的 →(同义词)_________________________ distribute 15． __________ vt.分配；分发 distribution n．分配；分发；分布状态 →____________
astronaut n．宇航员；太空人 3．__________ clinic 4．__________ n．门诊部；小诊所 remote 5．__________ adj.遥远的；偏僻的 sniff 6．__________ vt.& vi.嗅；闻；用鼻子吸 otherwise conj.否则；不然 adv.用别的方法 7．__________ click 8．__________ vt.& vi.点击；(使)发出咔嗒声 n．咔嗒声
②export vt.& vi. 出口；输出 ③invest vt.& vi. 投资 ④import vt. 进口；输入 ⑤bid vt. 出价；投标 ⑥compete vi. 竞争
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 1 Cultural relics课件 新人教版必修2
⑥competent→competence 能力；胜任
4．含后缀-al的名词荟萃
①survive→survival ②remove→removal ③arrive→arrival ④refuse→refusal ⑤propose→proposal ⑥approve→approval 幸存 移除 到达 拒绝 提议 批准；同意
There is no doubt ⑦________ the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, ⑧________ was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. After that, ⑨________ happened to the Amber Room
6．In a trial, ________ judge must decide which eyewitnesses
________(believe) and which not to believe. 在审判中，法官必须判定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不 能相信。 答案：1.what; whether 2.when; at war that 4.it; other 5.Nor do I 6.a; to believe 3.There is no doubt
boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg.
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡。
4．For example, ________ can be proved that China has more
people than any ________ country in the world. 比如，中国的人口比世界上任何一个其他国家的人口都 多，这是可以得到证实的。 5．________ ________ ________ think they should give it to any government. 我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府部门。
【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 Unit 2 Healthy eating课件 新人教版必修3
他想，“再也没有比这更好吃的了。” 3．________ ________ my research, neither your restaurant ________ mine offers a ________(balance) diet. 我的研究表明，你我两家餐馆所提供的都不是平衡的膳
食。
4 ． ________ ________ ________ they cut down the fat
________ increased the fibre in the meal.
这样，他们减少了饭菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。 5 ． Their balanced diets became such a success ________ before long Wang Peng became ________(slim) and Yong Hui________ ________ ________ ________. 他们的平衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍慧却胖 了。 答 案 ： 1.feeling 2.better 3.According to; nor; balanced
的；均衡的
cooked adj. raw 16．________ adj.生的；未加工的→(反义词)________ 熟的；煮过的 hostess n ．女主人；女主持人 → ( 反义词 )________ host 17 ． ________ n．男主人；男主持人 strength n．强项；长处；力量→________ strong adj.强壮 18．________ 的→strengthen ________ vt.& vi.加强；巩固；变强 weak adj.虚弱 weakness n．缺点；弱点；虚弱→________ 19．________ weaken v．减少；(使)变弱；(使)减弱 的→________ limitation limit 20 ． ________ vt. 限制；限定 n ．界限；限度 → ________ limited n ． 限 制 ； 极 限 → ________ adj. 有 限 的 → ( 反 义 limitless/unlimited 词)______________________ adj.无限的；无限制的
食。
4 ． ________ ________ ________ they cut down the fat
________ increased the fibre in the meal.
这样，他们减少了饭菜中的脂肪含量，增加了纤维素。 5 ． Their balanced diets became such a success ________ before long Wang Peng became ________(slim) and Yong Hui________ ________ ________ ________. 他们的平衡食谱非常有效，王鹏很快就瘦了，而雍慧却胖 了。 答 案 ： 1.feeling 2.better 3.According to; nor; balanced
的；均衡的
cooked adj. raw 16．________ adj.生的；未加工的→(反义词)________ 熟的；煮过的 hostess n ．女主人；女主持人 → ( 反义词 )________ host 17 ． ________ n．男主人；男主持人 strength n．强项；长处；力量→________ strong adj.强壮 18．________ 的→strengthen ________ vt.& vi.加强；巩固；变强 weak adj.虚弱 weakness n．缺点；弱点；虚弱→________ 19．________ weaken v．减少；(使)变弱；(使)减弱 的→________ limitation limit 20 ． ________ vt. 限制；限定 n ．界限；限度 → ________ limited n ． 限 制 ； 极 限 → ________ adj. 有 限 的 → ( 反 义 limitless/unlimited 词)______________________ adj.无限的；无限制的