生化复习资料(单词)

Chapter 1 protein structure and function

protein

biomolecular

amino acid

polarity

nonpolarity

hydrophobicity

neutrality

acidity

alkality

glycine, Gly

alanine, Ala

valine, Val

leucine, Leu

isoleucine, Ile

phenylalanine, Phe

proline, Pro

tryptophan, Trp

serine, Ser

tyrosine, Tyr

cysteine, Cys

methionine, Met

asparagine, Asn

glutamine, Gln

threonine, Thr

aspartic acid, Asp

glutamic acid, Glu

lysine, Lys arginine, Arg

histidine, His

basic amino acid

acidic amino acid

polar amino acid

neutral amino acid Spectrophotometry

Absorbance Spectrum

Ultraviolet

infrared

absorption peak

wavelength

solubility

side chain

aminogroup

guanidinium group

imidazolyl

carboxy group

isoelectric point, pI

peptide

polypeptide chain

peptide bond

oligopeptide

polypeptide

amino terminal

carboxyl terminal

residue

ninhydrin/triketohydrindene hydrate imino acid

glutathione, GSH

hydrosulfide group/sulfhydryl primary structure secondary structure

tertiary structure quaternary structure

α-helix

β-pleated sheet

β-turn

random coil

zinc finger

domain

peptide unit

motif

protein denature

molecular chaperone allosteric effect

subunit

positive cooperativity negative cooperativity renaturation

protein coagulation ninhydrin reaction

biuret reaction

dialysis

salt precipitation elctrophoresis chromatography

prosthetic group

prion protein

disulfide hydrogen bond

hydrophobic interaction

electrostatic interaction

Van der Waals interaction

Fibrous protein

Conformational change

Globular protein

Protein fold

Ionic bond

Side chain

tetramer

dimmer

monomer

oligomer

denaturation

renaturation

Questions:

1.Can you give an example to

e lucidate the relationship between

protein primary structure and

function?

2.Can you give an example to

e lucidatethe protein allosteric

effect?

Chapter 2Structure and Function of Nucleic Acid

nucleotide

nucletic acid deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA ribonucleic acid, RNA

the chemical component

base

base pair

base pairing

ribose

phosphate

purine

adenine, A

guanine, G

pyrimidine

cytosine, C

uracil, U

thymine, T

ribose

deoxyribose

ribonucleoside

ribonucleotide

glycosidic bond

nucleoside monophosphate, NMP nucleoside diphosphate, NDP nucleoside triphosphate, NTP phosphodiester linkage polydoxynucleotide polynucleotide

nitrogenous base

double helix

histone superhelix/supercoil

positive supercoil

negative supercoil

nucleosome

RNA(small non-messenger RNAs, snmRNAs

nucleoid

chromatin

messenger RNA,mRNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hn RNA cap sequence

poly (A) tail

transfer RNA, tRNA

cloverleaf pattern

stem-loop

anticodon

dihydrouracil loop

ribosomal RNA, rRNA

ribosomal protein

optical density

methyl

optical density, OD

Tm, melting temperature

annealing

heteroduplex

renaturation

Nuclease

deoxyribonuclease, DNase ribonuclease, RNase

ribozyme