华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题3
华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题3
Translation
Our attitudes towards daydreaming have been much like our attitudes towards dreaming in our sleep. Night dreaming was once thought to interfere with normal sleep, to rob us of necessary rest. But experiments have indicated that dreams are a normal part of sleep, and that dreaming each night is necessary for mental health.
1 Dr. William Dement, who is experimenting on the significance of dreaming at Sinai Hospital in New York, reports that those subjects whose dreams are interrupted regularly exhibit emotional disturbances: high blood pressure, anxiety, irritability, and difficulty in concentrating. "One of the subjects," Dr. Dement reported, "left the study in apparent alarm, and two insisted on stopping, presumably because the stress was too great." As soon as the subjects were allowed to dream again, all psychological disturbances vanished.
Prolonged daydream deprivation also results in mounting anxiety and tension. And many daydream-deprived people find that eventually the need can no longer be suppressed: daydreaming erupts spontaneously.
2 During times of stress, daydreaming erects a temporary shield against reality, in much the same way that building a house protects our bodies from the elements. Both may be seen as forms of escapism, but no one wants to spend life in an unrelieved battle for survival. We are entitled to occasional strategic withdrawals to regroup our forces.
Recent research on daydreaming indicates that it is an essential part of daily life. Daydreaming, it has been discovered, is an effective means of relaxation. But the beneficial effects of daydreaming go beyond that. 3 Experiments conducted by Dr. Joan T. Freyberg, a New York City psychotherapist, showed that daydreaming significantly helps intellectual growth, powers of concentration, attention span, and the ability to communicate with others. Dr. Freyberg also discovered that her patients who easily engaged in fantasy-making usually responded more quickly to treatment.1.
答案：威廉姆·迪曼博士正在纽约的西奈医院研究做梦的重要性，他说，那些做梦时经常被打扰的受试者会出现情绪紊乱：高血压、焦虑症、烦躁不安、无法集中注意力。
2.
答案：在面临压力时，白日梦为我们竖起一个临时的回避现实的屏障，正像一座可以保护我们免受风雨侵袭的房屋一样。
3.
答案：纽约的精神治疗师琼·福莱博格博士所做的试验显示，白日梦能够显著地促进智力发展，增强注意力，增加注意力持续的时间以及加强人际交往能力。
In addition to the physical environment, the influence of great people has played an important role. Although people like Shotoku Taishi (圣德太子) have had a great influence on Japanese culture, perhaps the person who has had the most impact is Confucius, who lived in China 2500 years ago. One of his most important ideas was that everyone should know their place in society. 4 In this vertical society, older people were above younger people, teachers above students, men above women, and so on. Higher ranking people were responsible for those lower than them, but lower ranking people had to show respect and be loyal to those above them. Other Confucian ideas that remain strong in modem Japan are harmony, loyalty and perseverance.
Europeans who first settled in North America came from societies that already had ideas about individual freedoms, which began with the ancient Greeks. 5 During the Renaissance, people such as Martin Luther further encouraged individualism by saying that an individual's ideas about the Bible were more important than the church's teaching. Thus, feudalism disappeared from Europe 500 years ago, while in Japan it disappeared only in the last century. Leaders like Thomas Jefferson, who supported the idea that all people are created equal, helped to shape America into a more horizontal society. 6 Such ideas about equality are completely opposite to the teachings of Confucius, who said a social hierarchy is necessary to keep order in society. Although there is still discrimination in North America, the people strongly dislike the idea of a vertical society.4.
答案：在这个等级分明的社会里，老人的社会地位高于年轻人，老师的社会地位高于学生，男人的社。
(试卷+答案)华中科技大学新生入学英语分级考试全真模拟
华中科技大学大学英语教学模式为了贯彻教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》，充分调动学生英语学习的主动性和潜在能力，进一步提高教学质量，在总结大学英语教学改革经验的基础上，我校2006级本科生大学英语将继续实施学分制分层次教学模式。
现将该模式的主要内容和要求描述、说明如下：教学模式描述说明1.三个层次的划分：本科新生(同济医学院本科生除外)在入学的第一周参加大学英语分级考试；见“华中科技大学大学英语分级考试大纲”。
本大纲可从华中科技大学外国语学院主页下载，网址为：/)。
根据分级考试成绩，大学外语系具体确定各层次学生名单。
2.教学目标：(1)层次一：学生通过两学年的基础英语学习，要求英语水平达到教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的一般要求：(2)层次二：学生通过两学年的基础英语和中级英语学习，要求英语水平达到教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的较高要求；(3)层次三：学生通过两学年的英语学习(其中第一、第二学期为基础英语，第三、四学期为高级英语，并课外自学基础英语教材)，要求英语水平达到教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的更高要求。
3.课程设置:(1)基础英语：指传统的兼顾听、说、读、写、译等技能的通用大学英语课程。
基础英语课按学时数分为A(56学时)、B(32学时)和C(课外自学)三类：(2)中高级英语：指在基础阶段大学英语课中传授、培养专门语言知识或技能的课程，如：中、高级听说、英美影视、媒体视听、英美文化、西方企业文化、英美文学选读、时文赏析、进阶写作、应用文写作、科技翻译、商务英语等。
中级英语为层次二的学生开设：高级英语为层次三的学生开设。
4.考试科目、成绩报告，层次异动：第一、二学期三个层次的学生均每周学习四学时基础英语课程(层次二和层次三将适当补充教学内容)，期末参加基础英语考试，报告分数为基础英语成绩。
及格者，记3.5学分．层次一和层次二的学生，成绩特别优秀者下学期可以进入高层次学习；成绩不及格者须重修。
华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题7
华中科技大学考博英语分类模拟题7Writing1. "Parents Are Not Really the Best Teachers in One's Life."答案：Throughout my life, I have been lucky enough to have a very good relationship with my parents. They have supported me, given me necessary criticism, and taught me a great deal about how to live my life. Parents can be very important teachers in our lives; yet, they may not serve as the best teachers.Firstly, parents may be too close to their children emotionally. Sometimes they can only see their children through the eyes of a protector. For example, they may limit a child's activity for the purpose of safety. A teacher might think that a trip to a big city is a valuable experience for the young while in the parents' eyes it may mean danger.Another problem is that parents want their children to develop according to what they have arranged for them. They may force their children to learn what they are interested. If they love science, they will ask their child to love science too. But what if their child's true love is art, or writing, or car repair?Parents are usually eager to pass on their value to their children. But should children always believe what their parents believe in? Maybe different generations need different ways of thinking. When children are young, they believe that their parents are always right. But when they get older, they realize there are other views. Sometimes parents, especially older ones, can't keep up with rapid social and technological changes. A student who has friends of all different races and backgrounds at school may find that her parents don't really understand or value the digital revolution.The most important thing to realize is that we all have many teachers in our lives. Our parents teach us, our teachers teach us, and our classmates can teach us as well. Books and newspapers and television also teach us.2. "Is Self-Confidence the Most Important Factor for Success?"答案：Self-confidence is one very important factor for success, but there are two other equally important factors: knowledge and sensitivity. All three are basic elements which contribute to asuccessful career and a happy lifetime as well.One needs to feel one can accomplish a task. If one thinks he is incapable of doing something, he or she will not succeed. For example, if you think you are going to do poorly in an important test, you will probably do poorly. It is important to tell yourself that you can do it well. If you have confidence in yourself, you will probably do well.Even if you have a great deal of self-confidence, you won't be able to do well without sufficient knowledge. You have to understand your subject very well. You have to work hard on the subjects or on preparation for a certain issue. With knowledge and self-confidence you have a better chance of success.In areas other than exams, you will need to be sensitive to your surroundings, to your co-workers, and even to such minor things as a smile to a cleaner. You will need to know whether you should talk or keep silent; you will need to know whether you should take the lead or let others. This is a difficult skill to learn, but an important one for success.These three qualities, self-confidence, knowledge, and sensitivity will help us to accomplish our life goal and as well as help to create a harmonious society. Alone, none of these factors will help you succeed. But together, they ensure success.3. "The Effects of Television and Movies"答案：There is no doubt that watching television and movies can affect the way that people think and behave. Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more their spare time watching some sort of visual entertainment, such as television programs, videotape or a DVD. Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be neglected.One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain products. Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters present advertisements. Another way that TV and the movies have influence on people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they watch. By watching news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people in the world possess great wealth and good looks. In this way it may make people become dissatisfied with their own lives.Another important effect of those visual media is that perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or。
华中科技大学考博英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
华中科技大学考博英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingClozeAfter yuppies and dinkies.a new creature from adland stalks the block. The NYLON, an acronym linking New York and London, is a refinement of those more familiar categories such as jet-setters and cosmo-crats(cosmopolitan aristocrats…do keep up). Marketing professionals have noted that【C1】______the demise of Concorde, a new class of high-earner increasingly【C2】______his or her time shuttling【C3】______the twin capitals of globalization. And NYLONS prefer their home comforts【C4】______tap in both cities. Despite the impressive【C5】______of air miles, they are not adventurous people. As【C6】______from Tom Wolfe’s Masters of the Universe of the 1980s .NYLONS have done more than well【C7】______the long boom and new economy of the last ten years. They are DJs, chefs, games designers, Internet entrepreneurs, fashionistas, publishers and even a(n)【C8】______band of journalists and writers. They are self-consciously trendy and some are even able to 【C9】______houses in both cities. Others will put up【C10】______a house in one, and a view【C11】______a room in the【C12】______. Of course, their horizons do【C13】______beyond just New York and London. For many, Los Angeles is an important shopping mall. More significantly for adland, NYLONS provide some useful marketing savings. Campaigns no longer have to differ very much in the two cities,【C14】______NYLONS bring them ever closer together. The restaurants are the same, with Nobu now in London and Conran in New York. Many plays【C15】______in both cities at the same time, and DJs shuttle between the two, 【C16】______the same garage to the same people in【C17】______clubs. Time Out and Wallpaper are the magazines of【C18】______All this is fine for NYLONS. But not so much【C19】______for everybody else watching Notting Hill turn【C20】______a pale imitation of Greenwich Village.1．【C1】A．regardless ofB．even thoughC．althoughD．despite正确答案：D解析：本题考核的知识点是逻辑+语法。
历年湖北省华中科技大学英语考博真题
以下是[⽆忧★考]为⼤家整理的《历年湖北省华中科技⼤学英语考博真题》的⽂章，供⼤家参考阅读！ 华中科技⼤学 2010年招收博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试试题 考试科⽬：英语 适合专业：各专业 Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%) Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank inthe passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the .United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 1 en event takes place, newspapers are on the street 2 the details. 3 anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic 4 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7 , this competitionmerely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to 10 out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious 11 Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 13 Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends newspaper's value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 20 the community, city, county, state, nation and world……and even outer space. 1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D, Before 2. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given 3. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whichever 4. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose 5. A. make B. publish C. know D. write 6. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other 7. A. HoweverB. AndC. ThereforeD. So 8. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed 9. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed10. A. provoke B. jump C. step D. branch 11. A. matters B. affairs C. things D. events 12. A. on B. through C. with D. of 13. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose 14. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in 15. A. source B. origin C.course D. finance 16. A. way B. means C. chance D. success 17. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured 18. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something 19. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered 20. A. by B. with C. at D. about Part II Reading comprehension (20x2=40%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Passage One Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful “axioms”. This is what he meant by" induction". Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon's conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries …… such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the" force" of gravity …… could never have been made if Bacon's rules had prevailed. Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon's own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious" of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a-fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain. What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances. 21. According to Bacon, facts 。
华中科技大学考博英语模拟题2018年(1)_真题无答案
华中科技大学考博英语模拟题2018年(1)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionPassage OneThere are those whom we instantly recognize as clinging to the traditional values of travel, the people who endure a kind of alienation and panic in foreign parts for the after-taste of having sampled new scenes. On the whole, travel at its best is **fortless, but travel is never easy: you get very tired, you get lost, you get your feet wet, you get little co-operation, and—if it is to have any value at all—you go alone. Homesickness is part of this kind of travel. In these circumstances, it is possible to make interesting discoveries about oneself and one"s surroundings. Travel has less to do with distance than with insight: it is, very often, a way of seeing.The second group of travelers has only appeared in numbers in the best twenty years. For these people, paradoxically, travel is an experience of familiar things; it is travel that carries with it the illusion of immobility. It is going to a familiar airport and being strapped into a seat and held captive for a number of hours—immobile; then arriving at an almost identical airport; being whisked to a hotel so fast it is not like movement at all, and the hotel and the food are identical to the hotel and the food in the city one has just left. This is all tremendously reassuring and effortless; indeed, it is possible to go from, say, London to Singapore and not experience the feeling of having traveled anywhere.For many years in the past, this was enjoyed by the rich. It is wrong to call it tourism, because businessmen also travel this way; and many people, who believe themselves to be travelers, object to being called tourists. The luxury travelers of the past set an example for the package tourists of today. In this sort of travel you take your society with you: your language, your food, your styles of hotel and service. It is of course the prerogative of rich nations—America, Western Europe, and Japan. It has had a profound effect on our view of the world. It has made real travel greatly sought-after and somewhat rare. And I think it has caused a resurgence of travel writing.As everyone knows, travel is very unsettling, and it can be quite hazardous and worrying. One way of **ing this anxiety is to travel packaged in style: luxury is a great remedy for the alienation of travel. What helps calm us is a reminder of stability and protection, and what the average package tourist looks for in foreign surroundings is familiar sights.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The travelers described in paragraph 1 ______.A travel great distancesB are afraid of new experiencesC learn a lot about new placesD receive more help from local peopleSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.According to the author, the "traditional" traveler ______.A feels at home in new placesB enjoys minor discomfortsC should expect to feel homesickD **panySSS_SINGLE_SEL3.The author suggests that the second group of travelers ______.A chooses boring destinationsB is afraid of anything newC would prefer to stay at homeD adapts quickly to fresh surroundingsSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What gives travel an "illusion of immobility"?A The absence of new experiences.B The onset of fatigue.C The number of people traveling.D The length of the journey.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.Which of the following statements best sums up the author"s attitude to travel?A Travel has to be tiring to be worthwhile.B The package holiday encourages interest in new places.C Modern travel has **fortable but boring.D Only the rich can travel in comfort.Passage TwoThe Bay filled the middle distance, stretching out of sight on both sides, and one"s eye naturally traveled in a great sight-seeing arc: skimming along the busy Shoreline Freeway, swerving out across the Bay via the long Esseph Bridge to the city"s dramatic skyline, dark downtown skyscrapers posed against white residential hills, from which it leapt across the graceful curves of the Silver Span suspension bridge, gateway to the Pacific, to alight on the green slopes of Miranda County.This vast panorama was agitated, even early in the morning, by every known form of transportation—ships, yachts, cars, trucks, trains, planes, helicopters and hovercrafts—all in simultaneous motion, reminding Philip of the brightly illustrated cover of a children"s book. It was indeed, he thought, a perfect marriage of Nature and Civilization, this view, where one might take in at a glance the consummation of man"s technological skill and the finest splendours of the natural world. The harmony he perceived in the scene was, he knew, illusory. Just out of sight to his left a cloud of smoke hung over the great military and industrial port of Ashland, and to his right the oil refineries of St Gabriel fumed into the limpid air. The Bay, which winked so prettily in the morning sun, was, people said, poisoned by industrial waste and untreated effluent.For all that, Philip thought, almost guiltily, framed by his living-room window and seen at this distance, the view still looked very good indeed.Morris Zapp was less entranced with his view—a vista of dank back gardens, rotting sheds and dripping laundry, huge ill-looking trees, grimy roofs, factory chimneys and church spires—but he had discarded this criterion at a very early stage of looking for accommodation in an English industrial town. You were lucky, he had quickly discovered, if you could find a place that could be kept at a temperature appropriate to human organisms, equipped with the more rudimentary amenities of civilized life, and decorated in a combination of colours and patterns that didn"t make you want to vomit on sight. He had taken an apartment on the top floor of a huge old house owned by an Irish doctor and his extensive family. Dr O"shea had converted the attic with his own hands for the use of an aged mother, and it was to the recent death of this relative, the doctor impressed upon him, that Morris owed the good fortune of finding such enviable accommodation vacant. Morris didn"t see this as a selling point himself, but O"shea seemed to think that the apartment"s sentimental associations were worth at least an extrafive dollars a week to an American torn from the bosom of his own family.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.What sort of movement is suggested by the verbs used to describe the eye"s progress in the first paragraph?A smoothB rapidC interruptedD reluctantSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Why did Philip look "almost guiltily" at the view?A Because he realized its beauty was deceptive.B Because he felt responsible for the pollution.C Because he felt he was wasting time looking at it.D Because he knew he had a better view than most people.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.Which factor did Morris consider the most important when choosing accommodation?A A tolerable view.B A pleasant landlord.C A reasonable rent.D An efficient heating system.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Dr O"shea expected Morris to find the history of the apartment______.A amusingB comfortingC depressingD excitingSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.What is Morris"s attitude towards accommodation in England?A He is charmed by the quaintness of the houses.B He finds the contrast with America interesting.C He is prepared to make the best of it.D He wishes he had stayed at home.Passage ThreeAll at once Hazel **ing in through the French windows, pulling off gardening gloves, and Bill was entering through the door, both at once. So I only had time to take one quick look at her before I turned to face him. All very confusing. What that first glimpse showed me was that time had thickened her figure but didn"t seem to have made much difference to her face. It still had good skin and youthful outlines. She was holding a bunch of roses—must have been cutting them in the garden while waiting for me. The gardening gloves lent a delightfully informal touch. It was quite an entrance, though Bill spoilt it a bit by making his at the same time.Bill seemed longer and thinner. His tightly massed hair had a tinge of grey. Apart from that, twenty years had done nothing to him, except deepen the lines of thoughtfulness that had already, when I knew him, begun to spread across his face. Or was that all? I looked at him again, more carefully, as he looked away from me at Hazel. Weren"t his eyes different somehow? More inward-looking than ever? Gazing in not merely at his thoughts, but at something else, something he was keeping hidden or perhaps protecting.Then we were chattering and taking glasses in our hands, and I came back to earth. For the first ten minutes we were all so defensive, so carefully probing, that nobody learnt anything. Bill had forgotten me altogether, that much was clear. He was engaged in getting to know me from scratch, very cautiously so as not to hit a wrong note, with the object of getting me to contribute a big subscription to his African project. I kept trying to absorb details about Hazel, but Bill was talking earnestly about African education, and the strain of appearing to concentrate while actually thinking about his wife proved so great that I decided it would be easier just to concentrate. So I did. I let him hammer away for about ten more minutes, and then the daughter, who seemed to be acting as parlour-maid, showed in another visitor. Evidently we were to be four at lunch.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.What effect had time had on Hazel and Bill?A They had both lost weight.B They were more withdrawn.C They hadn"t changed at all.D They had changed in subtle ways.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.When they all started talking, the writer ______.A relaxed at lastB stopped dreamingC spoke most to HazelD began to remember thingsSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.The writer found the first part of their conversation ______.A sentimentalB irritatingC uninformativeD trivialSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Why did Bill speak seriously?A Because he wanted some money from the writer.B Because he did not remember the writer.C Because his wife was present.D Because he was talking about the past.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.In the end the writer found Bill"s conversation ______.A monotonousB convincingC thought-provokingD instructivePassage FourDiversity is a hallmark of life, an intrinsic feature of living systems in the natural world. The demonstration and celebration of this diversity is an endless rite. Look at the popularity of museums, zoos, aquariums and botanic gardens. The odder the exhibit, the more different it is from the **mon and familiar life forms around us, the more successful it is likely to be. Nature does not tire of providing oddities for people who look for them. Biologists have already formally classified 1.7 million species. As many as 30 to 40 million more may remain to be classified.Most people seem to take diversity for granted. If they think about it at all they assume it exists in endless supply. Nevertheless, diversity is endangered as never before in its history. Advocates of perpetual economic growth treat living species as expendable. As a result, an extinction crisis of unprecedented magnitude is under way. Worse yet, when diversity needs help most it is neglected andmisunderstood by much of the **munity that once championed it.Of the two great challenges to the legitimacy of this diversity, the familiar **es primarily from economists. Their argument, associated with such names as Julian Simon, Malcolm McPherson and the late Herman Kahn, can be paraphrased: "First, if endangered species have a value as resources—which has been greatly exaggerated—then we should be able to quantify that value so that we can make unbiased, objective decisions about which species, if any, we should bother to save, and how much the effort is worth. Secondly, the global threat to the diversity of species, particularly in the tropics, has been overestimated. Thirdly, we have good substitutes for the species and ecosystems that are being lost, and these substitutes will nullify the damage caused by the extinctions."The structure of the argument seems to me to be identical in form to that of an old joke from the American vaudeville circuit. One elderly **plained to another about her recent vacation at a resort in the Catskill Mountains in New York State. "The food was terrible", she moaned. "Pure poison. I couldn"t eat a bite. And the portions were so tiny!"Species may be valuable, but not especially so, and the threat to them has been exaggerated. But this does not matter anyway, say the economists, because we can replace any species that vanishes.It is not cleat how much of an impact this argument has on the informed public, but it has certainly provoked an outcry among scientific conservationists. It has set the terms for, and dominated, most of the pro-diversity literature of the past few years, making it a literature of response, thus limiting its scope and creative force.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.Which feature of the natural world do people find especially fascinating?A Its great variety.B Its ancient forms.C Its strange rituals.D Its unclassified species.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Which adjective best describes the writer"s attitude towards the**munity?A Respectful.B Supportive.C Critical.D Uncomprehending.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.Which statement represents the views of economists?A It is important to conserve endangered species.B Endangered species have no value in themselves.C Only some parts of the natural world are under threat.D New species could be introduced as necessary.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What point is the writer trying to make about the economists" arguments by including the joke in paragraph 4?A Their case is overstated.B Their logic is unsound.C They are unduly pessimistic.D They ignore the views of ordinary people.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.Of which paragraph is paragraph 5 a summary?A Paragraph 1B Paragraph 2C Paragraph 3D Paragraph 4Passage FiveWe threaded our way out of the noise and confusion of the Customs shed into the brilliant sunshine on the quay. Around us the town rose steeply, tiers of multi-coloured houses piled haphazardly, green shutters folded back from their windows like the wings of a thousand moths. Behind us lay the bay, smooth as a plate smouldering with that unbelievable blue.Larry walked swiftly, with head thrown back and an expression of such regal disdain on his face that one did not notice his diminutive size, keeping a wary eye on the porters who struggled with his trunks. Behind him strolled Leslie, short, stocky, with an air of quiet belligerence, and then Margo, trailing yards of muslin and scent. Mother, looking like a tiny, harassed missionary in an uprising, was dragged unwillingly to the nearest lamp-post by an exuberant Roger, and was forced to stand there, staring into space, while he relieved pent-up feelings that had accumulated in his kennel. Larry chose two magnificently dilapidated horse-drawn cabs,had the luggage installed in one, and seated himself in the second. Then he looked round irritably."Well?" he asked. "What are we waiting for?""We"re waiting for Mother," explained Leslie. "Roger"s found a lamp-post.""Dear God!" said Larry, and then hoisted himself upright in the cab and bellowed, "Come on, Mother, come on. Can"t the dog wait?" "Coming, dear," called Mother passively and untruthfully, for Roger showed no signs of quitting the post."That dog"s been a damned nuisance all the way," said Larry. "Don"t be so impatient," said Margo indignantly; "the dog can"t help it... and anyway, we had to wait an hour in Naples for you.""My stomach was out of order," explained Larry coldly."Well, presumably his stomach"s out of order," said Margo triumphantly.At this moment Mother arrived, slightly disheveled, and we had to turn our attentions to the task of getting Roger into the cab. He had never been in such a vehicle, and treated it with suspicion. Eventually we had to lift him bodily and hurl him inside, helping frantically, and then pile in breathlessly after him and hold him down. The horse, frightened by this activity, broke into a shambling trot, and we ended in a tangled heap on the floor of the cab with Roger moaning loudly underneath us."What an entry," said Larry bitterly. "I had hoped to give an impression of gracious majesty, and this is what happens... we arrive in town like a troupe of medieval tumblers."SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.What does the town appear to be like?A untidyB flatC picturesqueD modemSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.What did Mother"s behaviour suggest?A She was deliberately wasting time.B She was angry with Larry.C She preferred the dog to her children.D She couldn"t control the situation.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.What made the dog panic?A The noise on the quay.B Larry"s shouting.C The horse-drawn cab.D The heat of the day.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Larry was disappointed at the end of the passage because ______.A the cabs were in poor conditionB the family were so slowC their arrival looked ridiculousD Margo kept arguingSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The overall impression of Larry is that he was ______.A tolerantB self-importantC undignifiedD unintelligent1。
华中科技大学同济医学院博士英语样题
Model TestName St. No. ScoreI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)2007 JCR Science Edition Journals from: subject categories MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNALSorted by:I m pact Fact orJournals 1 - 20 (of 100)[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 ] Page 1 of 5Ranking is based on your journal and sortselections.Rank Abbreviated JournalTitle(linked to journalinformation)ISSNTotalCitesImpactFactorImmediacyIndexArticlesCitedHalf-life1 NEW ENGL J MED0028-4793 186402 52.589 11.962 343 7.02 LANCET0140-6736 135949 28.638 8.636 305 7.73 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC0098-7484 103620 25.547 7.965 229 6.84 ANN INTERN MED0003-4819 40783 15.516 4.056 162 8.65 ANNU REV MED0066-4219 3829 13.415 2.879 33 6.16 PLOS MED1549-1277 3725 12.601 2.705 166 1.97 BRIT MED J0959-8146 62151 9.723 6.210 210 8.28 ARCH INTERN MED0003-9926 30282 8.391 1.734 278 7.29 CAN MED ASSOC J0820-3946 8324 7.067 3.053 94 6.410 ANN MED0785-3890 3143 5.779 0.593 54 6.11.What is the option of this journal citation report?2.What is the subject category?3.How is the list sorted?4.What is the Impact Factor of New England Journal of Medicine?5.What is the full title of BRIT MED J?II. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)Web of Science®ResultsSubject Heading=(LIFE SCIENCES BIOMEDICINE) AND Author=(WANG SY) AND Institution=(HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL)Timespan=All Years. Databases=IC, SCI-EXPANDED, CCR-EXPANDED [back to 1840], SSCI.1. Zhang ZH, Wang SY, Li Q, et al.Capillary leak syndrome in children with C4A-deficiency undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a double-blind, randomised controlled studyLANCET 366 (9485): 556-562 AUG 13 2005Times Cited:02. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLEvidence for development of capillary leak syndrome associated withcardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients with the homozygous C4A nullphenotypeANESTHESIOLOGY 100 (6): 1387-1393 JUN 2004Times Cited:43. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLAntioxidative effect of propofol during cardiopulmonary bypass in adultsACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 25 (3): 334-340 MAR 2004Times Cited:46.What is the website you can use to find the SCI collection?7.What is the subject heading?8.Where is Wang SY from?9.How many articles of Wang SY are collected by SCI?10.How many times are his articles cited?III. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 18, 15541-15549, May 2, 2003Induction of Prothrombinase fgl2 by the Nucleocapsid Protein of Virulent Mouse Hepatitis Virus Is Dependent on Host Hepatic Nuclear Factor-4Qin Ning, Sophia Lakatoo, Mingfeng Liu, Weiming Y ang, Zhimo Wang, M. James Phillips, and Gary A. LevyFibrinogen-like protein 2/fibroleukin (Fgl2) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both experimental and human fulminant hepatic failure. We have reported recently that the nucleocapsid(N) protein from strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3, MHV-A59),which cause massive hepatocellular necrosis but not from strains(MHV-JHM, MHV-2) which do not produce serious liver disease, induces transcription of fgl2. The purpose of the present study was to characterize both viral and host factor(s) necessary for viral induced transcription of fgl2. Mutation of residues Gly-12, Pro-38,Asn-40, Gln-41, and Asn-42 within domain 1 of the N protein of MHV-A59 to their corresponding residues found in MHV-2 abrogated fgl2 transcription, whereas mutation of other N protein domains,including a protein expressed from an internal reading frame (I protein), did not affect fgl2 gene transcription. We then examined the 372 to 306 sequence within the 1.3-kb fgl2promoter region upstream from the transcription start site that was previously identified as necessary for N protein-induced gene transcription.We demonstrated that the 331/325 HNF4 cis-element and its cognate transcription factor, HNF4, are necessary for virus-induced fgl2gene transcription. In uninfected macrophages and macrophages infected with MHV-2, an unidentified protein occupies the HNF4cis-element. Following stimulation with MHV-A59, it was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that HNF4binds the HNF4 cis-element in the fgl2promoter. We further report the unprecedented presence of HNF4in peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, the results of this study define both viral and host factors necessary for induction of fgl2prothrombinase gene transcription in MHV infection and may provide an explanation for the hepatotrophic nature of MHV-induced fulminant hepatic failure.11.How many parts can you divide the abstract into? each part?13.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?14.Which sentence is the conclusion?IV. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)15.How many parts can you divide the introduction into? each part?17.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?18.Which sentence is the conclusion?V. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)References and Notes1. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China (Beijing, 2004).2. J. Watts, Lancet362, 1983 (2003).3. Ministry of Health of China, UNAIDS, and WHO, 2005 Update on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Response in China[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 2006].4. M. J. Rotheram-Borus, P. A. Newman, M. A. Etzel, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.25 (suppl.2), S105 (2000).5. The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group, Lancet356, 103 (2000).6. S. Allen et al., AIDS17, 733 (2003).7. H. Amaro, A. C. Morrill, J. Dai, J. Health Psychol.10, 287(2005).8. M. E. Bentley et al., AIDS12, 1869 (1998).9. R. Fox, N. J. Odaka, R. Brookmeyer, B. R. Polk, AIDS1, 241 (1987).10. J. A. Inciardi, H. L. Surratt, S. P. Kurtz, J. C. Weaver, AIDS Care17 (suppl. 1), S88 (2005).11. R. R. Robles, T. D. Matos, H. M. Colon, C. A. Marrero, J. C. Reyes, Drugs Soc. (New York) 9,173 (1996).12. A. Erikson et al., Correspondent15, 24 (2006).13.T. Frieden et al., N. Engl. J. Med.353, 2397-2402 (2005).14. R. Bayer, N. Engl. J. Med.334, 1540 (1996).15. L. B. Leveton, H. C. Sox, M. A. Stoto, Eds. HIV and the Blood Supply: An Analysis of CrisisDecision-Making (Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1995).16. Chinese Ministry of Health, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, The ThirdConference on HIV/AIDS International Cooperation Projects in China, Kunming, 3 to 4 September 2005.17. UNAIDS-WHO, "Policy statement on HIV testing"(www.who.int/entity/rpc/research_ethics/hivtestingpolicy_en_pdf.pdf).18. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Henan province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).19. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Yunnan Province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).20. HIV-positive mothers are given the options of abortion or ART perinatally, cesarean delivery(where available), and free formula milk for 12 months.21. State Council Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Articles 3, 10, 39, 41, 55, 56.22. The Infectious Diseases Control Act of the People's Republic of China, Articles 12, 16, 68, 69.We thank S. Korenman, Associate Dean for Ethics at the UCLA School of Medicine, for reviewing this manuscript, W. W. Cao for review of relevant publications, and W. Aft for editorial assistance.19.What kind of the reference source does the first reference belong to?20.What kind of the reference source does the second reference belong to?21.What kind of the reference source does Reference 15 belong to?22.What kind of the reference source does Item 20 belong to?VI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)SCI Impact Factor 1.677Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Information For Authors GENERAL1 Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, published monthly in English, is the official journal of the Chinese Pharmacological Society and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica is listed in Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, CSA Medical Biotechnology, CSA Bioengineering, CSA Neuroscience, Current Contents/Life Sciences, Excerpta Medica, FSTA, Global Health, IndexCopernicus, Index Medicus, Kagaku Gijutsu Bunken Sokuho, MEDLINE, Рефератнвныйжурнап, Research Alert, Science Citation Index, SciSearch, Scopus, Tropical Diseases Bulletin, and many other abstracting and indexing services.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica welcomes current Original articles on all aspects of the life sciences and related areas, both experimental and clinical, from any part of the world. Reviews based primarily on authors?own research of internationally important topics are also welcome. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication" as presented at /.2 Prior or duplicate publications are not accepted. All manuscripts, especially data, must not be published or submitted for publication elsewhere. English translations of published articles are not acceptable. The authors should make a full statement on submission about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as redundant or duplicate publications of the same or very similar work.The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.…23.What is the SCI Impact Factor of Acta Pharmacological Sinica?24.What kinds of original article are welcomed by Acta Pharmacological Sinica?25.What is the website presenting the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted toBiomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication"?26.Does Acta Pharmacological Sinica accept English translations of published articles?27.What must be acknowledged if an article is accepted to be published in Acta PharmacologicalSinica?。
华科2021博士入学英语试题_及参考答案
华科2021博士入学英语试题_及参考答案华科2021博士入学英语试题及参考答案Passage 1Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities - as well as new and significant risks. Civilrights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselvesin business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontractsthat are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record theirefforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and,unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments innew plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The worldof corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons forjoint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups andminority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming-and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.11. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks. [C] propose a temporary solution to a problem. [D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm. [B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government. [D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned business es, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible4 According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have[A] been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.[B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.[C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.[D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.5 The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should[A] avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding. 【B】 concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation. [C] use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.[D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the2corporation.Passage 2Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt changethe brain. I understood some of the parallels between hyperpalatable foods and drugs of abuse, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. I'd met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how eventhe thought of food could cause them to lose control.But I wasn't fully prepared for the discoveries I made aboutirresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked! Cheetos Flamin' Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells.I was sitting at Chili's Grill & Bar in Chicago's O'Hare Airport waitingfor a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heapedwith food. The dish was described on the menu as \chicken, black beans, corn, jalape?o Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla,\and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce. Despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach.I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She heldthe egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to hermouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companion's french fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused, only a little lettuce was left.Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And shewould probably have been surprised to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were.The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percentto about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. \is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside.\The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. \. People like smoky flavor ― it's the caveman in them.\\eating something healthy.\\off the chart.\3The hot peppers, he said, \He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients that hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast extract, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar.\\yes. All of this has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast...chopped up and made ultrapalatable.... Very appealing looking, very high pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew.\By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. \it,\mouth.1. It can be inferred from the author's description of the woman eating in paragraph four that(A) The woman prefers to eat at Chili's vs. other restaurants. (B) The woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.(C) The woman's efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience. (D) The author is disgusted by the woman's consumption.(E) The author believes the woman should take a course in healthy eating.2. According to the passage, the main reason people overeat is(A) because salt and sweeteners, like corn-syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.(B) because we don't have to chew our food very much (C) because people like smoky flavor(D) because sugar, fat and salt change the brain(E) because we are used to eating quickly in this modern society 3. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT(A) salt (B) binders (C) honey (D) spinach (E) dark meat chicken4. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?(A) If you eat too much food too quickly, you'll gain weight and become unhealthy.(B) Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware of the poor food choices they're making.(C) Chili's is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today. (D) Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.(E) Refined foods, with salt, sugar, and fat hidden inside, are less nutritious and more damaging than whole foods.5. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word \ (A) pleasure (B) flamboyance (C) lethargy (D) energy (E) craftiness4Passage 3No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given.The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earthwith rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinkingcurrents under the continent. Theoretically， this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a （conveyer belt） and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge.This view may be correct： it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position ofthe continents.On the other hand， the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines， and it certainly does not occur long lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction， as the ridge is.It has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.Such a backoupling， in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it， could produce complicated and varying motionsAlso it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate betweenthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean.This plate is growing on both sides， and since there is no intermediate trench， the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them.An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate， which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle， pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic， where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas， such as the Sea of apan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor， except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods.These seas have a typical oceanic floor， except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins.The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface and seriously require explanation because， in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs， there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin， such as the Gulf of Mexico， the Black Sea，and perhaps the North5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
华中科技大学考博英语模拟题3
华中科技大学考博英语模拟题3Part ⅠClozeDirections: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy, but there is a third major 1 to consider the role of government. Government has a powerful 2 on the economy in at least four ways:Direct Services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system 3 the entire nation, as is the large and complex establishment. Conversely, the construction and 4 of most highways the 5 of the individual states, and the public educational systems, despite a large funding role by the federal government, are primarily 6 for by country or city governments. Police and fire protection and sanitation 7 are also the responsibilities of local government.Regulation and Control. The government regulates and controls. Private 8 in many ways, for the 9 of assuring that business serves the best 10 of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise is granted a 11 , such as in telephone or electric service. Public policy permits such companies to make a reasonable 12 , but limits their ability to raise prices 13 , since the public depends on their services. Often control is 14 to protect the public, as for example, when the Food and Drug administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 15 in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control.Stabilization and Growth. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve Board attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust, of inflation and depression, by 16 tax rates, the money supply, and the use of credit. They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.Direct Assistance. The government provides many kinds of help to 18 and individuals. For example, tariffs 19 certain products to remain relatively free of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed so that American products are able to 20 better with certain foreign goods. In quite a different area, government supports individuals who cannot adequately care for themselves,by making grants to working parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and the indigent, and through social welfare system.1.A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.element答案：D[解答] 名词词义辨析。
博士英语模拟试题
博士英语模拟试题一、听力理解（每题1分，共20分）1. 听对话，选择正确答案：- A: What's the weather like today?- B: It's quite sunny, but it's not too hot.- 问题：What is the weather like?- A) It's very hot.- B) It's raining.- C) It's sunny.2. 听短文，选择正确答案：- In the short passage, the speaker talks about the importance of water conservation. He mentions that water is a precious resource and we should take measures to save it.- 问题：What is the speaker mainly discussing?- A) The scarcity of water.- B) The importance of water conservation.- C) How to purify water.二、阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）Passage 1:In recent years, the number of students pursuing their doctorate degrees has been on the rise. This trend is attributed to the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals in various fields. However, the journey towards a Ph.D. is not an easy one, as it requires a significantamount of dedication, hard work, and time investment.Questions:1. Why is the number of students pursuing doctorate degrees increasing?A) Because of the decreasing demand for skilled professionals.B) Due to the increasing demand for highly skilled professionals.C) Because of the ease of the Ph.D. journey.2. What does the passage imply about the Ph.D. journey?A) It is an easy path.B) It requires a lot of dedication and hard work.C) It is a short-term commitment.Passage 2:The advancement in technology has revolutionized the way we communicate and share information. Social media platforms,for instance, have become an integral part of our daily lives, connecting people across the globe. However, with the rise of these platforms, concerns about privacy and data securityhave also grown.Questions:1. What has the advancement in technology led to?A) A decline in communication.B) A revolution in communication and information sharing.C) A decrease in the use of social media.2. What concerns have grown with the rise of social mediaplatforms?A) Concerns about the quality of communication.B) Concerns about privacy and data security.C) Concerns about the decline in the use of traditional media.三、词汇与结构（每题1分，共20分）1. The research team is currently _______ a new drug that could treat this disease.- A) developing- B) discovering- C) inventing2. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work _______ on schedule.- A) proceeded- B) progressed- C) continued四、写作（共30分）Task: Write an essay of about 250 words on the topic "The Role of Technology in Education."Sample Essay:The integration of technology in education has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. With the advent of digital tools and online resources, education has become more accessible and interactive. Technology provides a platformfor personalized learning, allowing students to learn attheir own pace and style. It also enables teachers to track student progress and adapt their teaching methods accordingly. However, it is crucial to ensure that the use of technologyin education is balanced with traditional teaching methods to foster a holistic learning experience. While technology can enhance learning, it should not replace the human touch andthe critical thinking skills that are nurtured through face-to-face interactions.注意：以上内容为模拟试题示例，实际考试内容可能会有所不同。
湖北省考博英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
湖北省考博英语模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust’s “Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.1．The National Trust is dedicated to______.A．preserving the best public enjoymentB．providing the public with free access to historic buildingsC．offering better services to visitors home and abroadD．protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings正确答案：D解析：细节题。