英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编12
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。
)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：co一hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。
)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。
)5.There has been a maxim in 1which claims that "You are what you say. "（中山大学2008研) （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：quantity）解析：解析：（格莱斯的数量准则指1．使你的话语如（交谈的当前目的)所要求的那样信息充分；2．不要使你的话语比要求的信息更充分。
即说你该说的。
)6.The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by 1.（中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Grice）解析：解析：（格赖斯认为一定存在一些管理话语产生和理解的机制。
他把这种机制称为合作原则，在这个大原则下有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
)7.Y"s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of 1.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：relation）解析：解析：（很显然Y的回答与X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起?”无关。
)8.Promising, undertaking, vowing are the most typical of the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：commissives）解析：解析：（承诺类指说话人使自己对某一未来的行为做出许诺。
)9. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Cohesion）解析：解析：（衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。
)10. 1 is the information that the addresser believes is known to the addressee, while 2is the information that the addresser believes is not known to the addressee.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Given information：new information）解析：解析：（已知信息是指说话者认为听话者已经知道的信息，而新信息是指说话者认为听话者不知道的信息。
)11. 1represents what the utterance is about; 2is what is said about it.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：The topic；the comment）解析：解析：（话题是谈话的主题，述题是围绕主题所谈论的内容。
)12."Linguistic relativity" was proposed by 1and 2.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Sapir）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Whorf）解析：解析：（萨丕尔一沃尔夫假说认为，一方面，语言可以决定我们的思维方式；另一方面，语言之间的相似性是相对的，结构性差异越大，反映出对于世界认识的越不同。
因此，这个假说也被称作“语言决定论”和“语言相对主义”。
)nguage varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, 1language.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：vernacular）解析：解析：（凡属标准语之外的那些语言变体都被叫做非标准语或本地语。
)14.A speech 1is a group of people who share the same language or a particular variety of language. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：community）解析：解析：（语言社区指的是说同一种语言或语言变体的一群人。
)15.A 1language is originally a pidgin that has become established as a native language in some speech community.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：creole）解析：解析：（克里奥尔语最初也是在一些言语社区中作为本族语发展起来的一种皮钦语。
)16.A linguistic 1refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the "polite" society from general use.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：taboo）解析：解析：（禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。
)nguage itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the 1attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：social）解析：解析：（语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
)18.In terms of sociolinguistics, 1is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person"s language. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：idiolect）解析：解析：（从社会语言学的角度讲，个人习语指个人语言风格。
)19.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, 1inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：bilingualism）解析：解析：（双语现象源于不同文化和不同语言相互交流的结果。
双语是对于两种或更多语言的了解及经常使用的能力。
)20. 1is the mental process of classification, while 2is the products of the preceding process. （分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Categorization）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Category）解析：解析：（范畴化是人类对经验进行分类的过程。
范畴是范畴化的产物。
)21. 1is an approach to the analysis of natural language that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveying information.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：Cognitive linguistics）解析：解析：（认知语言学是一种研究自然语言的方法，集中研究语言组织，处理与传达信息的作用。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：132.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes. That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding is called a 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.A stem is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The words "boys" and "raise" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.Analogic change refers to the reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真26.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)27.Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are______items. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.open-classB.closed-classC.neither open-class nor closed-class28.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words29.Bound morphemes do not include______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.prefixesC.suffixesD.words30.______other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic wordsB.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes31.______refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.AffixationB.InflectionC.DerivationD.Conjugation32.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break — daybreak. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.inflection and compoundpound and derivationC.inflection and derivationpound words consist of______ morphemes. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.boundB.freeC.both bound and free34.Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced35.Which of the following words are formed by blending? (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.girlfriendB.televisionD.bunch36.The word UN is formed in the way of______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending37.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change? (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.INVENTION.B.ACRONYM.C.LEXICON.nguage has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.phonologyB.lexiconC.syntaxD.semantics39."Wife", which used to refer to any woman, stands for "a married woman" in modern English. This phenomenon is known as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing40.It is true that words may shift in meaning, i. e. semantic change. The semantic change of the word tail belongs to______.（分数：2.00）A.narrowing of meaningB.meaning shiftC.loss of meaningD.widening of meaning41.A suffix is an affix which appears______.（分数：2.00）A.after the stemB.before the stemC.in the middle of the stemD.below the stem四、简答题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)42.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes? (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.How are affixes classified? (四川大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________46.A number interesting word-formation processes can be discerned in the following examples. Can you identify what is going on in these?(a) The deceased's cremains were scattered over the hill.(b) He's always taking pills, either uppers or downers. (上海交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.How to distinguish root and stem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.Illustrate the relationship between morpheme and allomorph by examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.What are closed-class words and open-class words?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)50.Open-class words (浙江大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 51.Lexical word (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Morpheme (武汉大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Stem (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.inflectional morpheme (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Free morphemes (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.Bound morpheme (上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Inflection (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ pound (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Allomorph (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Back-formation(四川大学2008研；北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Prefix (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 62.cognate(南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)63.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 64.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 65.Illustrate the ways of lexical change. (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 66.What are the major types of semantic Changes? (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
语言学考试题及答案英语
语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。
答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。
答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。
答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。
答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。
答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。
答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。
温州大学英语语言学考研真题2012、2015—2018年
2012年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题科目代码及名称: 817 英语语言学A卷适用专业：英语语言文学I. Explain the following terms. (25%)1. endocentric construction;2. denotation;3. psycholinguistics;4. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis;5. minimal piars II. Decide whether each of the given statements is TRUE or FALSE. If it is true, write down A on your ANSWER SHEET; if it is false, write down B on it. (20%)1. Acoustic phonetics is the study of the perception of sounds by the human ear.2. Morphemes such as –ing, -ed, -able, are known as inflectional morphemes.3. The affixes in the English language are traditionally called bound morphemes.4. In separating langue from parole we are at the same time separating (1) what is social from what isindividual; and (2) what is essential from what is accessory.5. By Saussure, arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship totheir meaning.6. Suprasegmentals mainly include syllables, tone, intonation, distinctive features.7. In English, we can have the syllable structure of CCCVCCCC.8. By Leonard Bloomfield (1933), word should be treated as “the minimum free form”.9. The different shapes or phonetic forms of a morpheme are allomorphs of this morpheme, e.g. the differentforms of the plural morpheme in English are /s/, /z/, /iz/, and so on.10. ad, bike, math, etc. are instances of backformation.11. Noam Chomsky is hailed as the father of modern linguistics.12. Systemic-Functional grammar consists of the two inseparable components --- Systemic Grammar andFunctional Grammar.13. The TEXTUAL FUNCTION refers to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch ofspoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text and make a living passage different from a random list of sentences.14. Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some morphological resemblance.15. The first stage of TG grammar is the Standard Theory, and the fifth stage of it is the Minimalist Program.16. Sense refers to the concrete entities with some properties, while reference refers to the abstract propertiesof an entity.17. Propositional Logic treats a simple proposition as an unanalyzed whole, while Predicate Logic studies theinternal structure of simple propositions.18. Children’s first words are different in different language environments.19. Among the three levels of categories, the subordinate level categories are most culturally salient and arerequired to fulfill our cognitive needs the best.20.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are closed-class words.III. Give brief answers to the following questions (30%)1. Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?2. Why do we need to teach culture in our language classroom?3. What is the relation between arbitrariness and conventionality?IV. Do the analysis as required (25%)1. Disambiguate the following sentences, using the tree diagrams. (15%)(1) John left the book on the shelf.(2) The professor’s appointment was shocking.(3) Beautiful villages and cities can be seen.2. Make the componential analysis of the following words. (10%)(1) chopsticks; (2) teacher; (3) son; (4) take; (5) giveV. Write an essay in about 500 words after reading the following quote (50%)The word TEXT is used in linguistics to refer to any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, that does form a unified whole. We know, as a general rule, whether any specimen of our own language constitutes a TEXT or not. This does not mean there can never be any uncertainty. The distinction between a text and a collection of unrelated sentences is in the last resort a matter of degree, and there may always be instances about which we are uncertain – a point that is probably familiar to most teachers from reading their students’ compositions. But this does not invalidate the general observation that we are sensitive to the distinction between what is text and what is not. (Halliday and Hasan 1976: 1)第 1 页，共 2 页2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题（A卷）科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业：英语语言文学01、03方向考生（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）I. Discriminate the following pairs of terms. (25 points)1. psycholinguistics vs. cognitive linguistics;2. error vs. mistake ;3. competence vs. communicative competence ;4. synchronic vs. diachronic ;5. phonetics vs. phonology.II. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. If it is true, write A on the answer sheet; if it is false, write B on it. (20 points)1. The study of language in use is called pragmatics.2. Chomsky has been called father of modern linguistics.3. The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of compositionality.4. There are three main subtypes of antonymy: gradable antonymy, converse antonymy, and relational antonymy.5. We can divide a syllable into two parts, the RHYME (or RIME) and the ONSET. The vowel within the rhyme is the NUCLEUS, with the consonant(s) after it termed the CODA.6. The study of how words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.7. The sound [s] is shared by “maps” and “keeps” as a common morpheme.8. When we use a simple set of symbols in our transcription, it is called a NARROW TRANSCRIPTION.9. The change of the negative prefix “in-” to “im-” when preceding /p/ is through a process called assimilation.10. The lower terms for a superordinate are class members.11. Garden path sentences are sentences that are initially interpreted with a different structure than they actually have.12. A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which a derivational affix can be added.13. The word “interpersonal” consists of three morphemes.14. Nouns, adverbs, and adjectives belong to function words.15. Polymorphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called compounds.第 1 页，共 2 页16. Langue is defined by Saussure as the concrete utterances of a speaker.17. Positional relation, or word order, refers to the sequential arrangement of words in a language.18. All the words in a language can be used to refer to, but only some have senses.19. Sense is regarded as a kind of intralinguistic relationship.20. The word “baby-sit” is an exocentric compound.III. Answer the following questions. (30 points)1. How do you comment on Paul Herbert Grice’s CP(COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLE)?2. How do you interpret REGISTER?IV. Analysis. (25 points)1. Write down the phonetic symbol according to each of the following descriptions, andthen give an English word that contains this sound. (10 points)Phonetic description phonetic symbol English word(1) bilabial nasal [ ](2) voiced postalveolar affricate [ ](3) voiceless velar stop [ ](4) mid central unrounded lax vowel [ ](5) back high rounded tense vowel [ ]2. Disambiguate the given two constructions below using IC (immediate constituent) analysis. Tree diagrams are required. (10 points)(1) John loves old towns and villages.(2) The children watched the firework from the hill.3. Write out the semantic components of each word. (5 points)(1) raise; (2) wifeV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on either of the two topics below.(50 points)1. In Chinese, expressions for moving from one city to another by way of yet another city must take the form ‘from X pass-through Y to Z’, and cannot be expressed as ‘from X to Z pass-through Y’. How would you characterize the form-meaning relationship exhibited by these Chinese expressions?2. Is it necessary to distinguish between semantics and pragmatics? Please argue for your view.第 2 页，共 2 页2016年硕士研究生招生考试试题（A卷）科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业：英语语言文学01、03方向考生（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）I. Define the following terms. (50 points)1. I-narrator;2. locutionary act;3. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis;4. reference;5. relational opposites;6. exocentric construction;7. back-formation;8. blending;9. phonology; 10. competenceII. Answer the two given questions. (30 points)1. Do you agree with the view that no language is especially simple?2. How does language relate to culture?III. Analyses. (20 points)1. Write out the different meanings of the following two ambiguous constructions. (10 points)(1) The chicken is too hot to eat.(2) Visiting relatives can be boring.2. Do the componential analysis on the lexical meanings of the given words below. (10 points)(1) raise; (2) wifeIV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on either of the two topics below.(50 points)1. In cognitive linguistics, metaphor is not a figure of speech merely, it is conceptual. In what sense is metaphor said to be conceptual?2. Give a comment on Noam Chomsky’s Innateness Hypothesis.第 1 页，共 1 页2017年硕士研究生招生考试试题 (A卷)科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业：英语语言文学01、03方向考生I. Define the following terms. (30 points)1. exocentric;2. phonology;3. root;4. converse antonymy;5. Nida’s classification of culture;6. constativeII. Analyses. (30 points)1. Use tree diagrams in IC analysis to clarify the given constructions. (15 points)(1) beautiful cities and villages(2) Chinese geography teachers(3) The boy was crying.2. Describe the following sound segments. (15 points)(1) /d/; (2) /n/; (3) /θ/; (4) /ʌ/; (5) /æ/; (6) /ә:/III. Answer the given questions below. (40 points)1. What are some important contributions that sociolinguistics has made to linguistic studies? (10 points)2. Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why (not)? (10 points)3. In what way do we say Chinese is a tone language? (10 points)4. What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (10 points) IV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on the given topic. (50 points) What is your understanding of the relationship between language and literature?第1 页，共1 页2018年硕士研究生招生考试试题科目代码及名称: 820 英语语言学适用专业：英语语言文学01、03方向考生（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）I. Define the following terms. (30 points)(1) allophone; (2) free morpheme; (3) design features;(4) complementary antonymy; (5) endocentric construction; (6) referenceII. Analyses. (30 points)1. Use tree diagrams in IC analysis to clarify the given constructions. (10 points)(1) Leave the book on the shelf.(2) Mary became very ill.2. Describe the following sound segments. (10 points)(1) /t/; (2) /m/; (3)/s/; (4) /i:/; (5) /u/;3. Write out the semantic components of each word. (10 points)(1) gentleman; (2) killIII. Answer the given questions below. (40 points)1. How do you understand the distinction between performance and competence? (10 points)2. What would language be like if it had not the property of duality? (10 points)3. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? (10 points)4. Why should language teachers learn some knowledge of linguistics? (10 points)IV. Write a short essay in about 500 words on the given topic. (50 points) What is pragmatic failure? Support your statement with some instances of pragmatic failure in the English used by Chinese learners of English.第 1 页，共 1 页。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编12
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。
)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：co一hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。
)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。
[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2012年南开大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷一、名词解释1 suprasegmental2 rime(rhyme)3 cranberry morpheme4 phrasal category5 mental lexicon6 genetic relation7 paraphrase8 implicature9 synecdoche10 syllabus二、音标题11 For each natural class of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature(s)that they all share.121314 [j][w][l][r][m]1516 In Southern Kongo, a Bantu language spoken in Angola, the non-palatal consonants[t, s, z]are in complementary distribution with their palatal counterparts[c,∫,], as shown in the following words: tobola to bore a hole cina to cuttanu five kofi lioncibabanana imola almskesoka to be cut nselele termitekasu emaciation lolo i to wash housekunezulu heaven ze ga to cutnzwetu our ima to stretchzevo then(1)State the distribution of the palatals and the non-palatals, and(2)formulate one phonological rule and derive all the surface palatals with the rule formulated, using the word ima "to stretch" for illustrating the derivation.17 The English word unlockable has two different lexical meanings, i. e. "not able to lock" and "able to be unlocked". The semantic ambiguity of the word comes from structural ambiguity. Give the meaning corresponding to the morphemic structure of the word in your analysis. Draw two tree diagrams to show the difference between the two structures. Label the nodes in the tree diagram with proper categories.三、简答题18 How do you understand "performative" and "constative"?19 How do you distinguish "error" from "mistake"?20 What is a social dialect?四、分析题21 Syntactic analysis.The following are two declarative-question pairs, as given in(la, lb)and(2a, 2b).(1a)The boy who is sleeping was dreaming.(1b)Was the boy who is sleeping dreaming?(2a)The boy who is sleeping was dreaming.(2b)* Is the boy who sleeping was dreaming?Draw a tree diagram for sentence(la)and sentence(lb)respectively. Then answer the questions.Question 1: What syntactic mechanism(s)operate(s)to derive the structure of sentence(lb)from the structure of sentence(la)?Question 2: Why sentence(2b)is ungrammatical?22 Semantic properties of words are not directly observable. Their existence must be inferred from linguistic evidence. One source of such evidence is "slips of the tongue" that speakers of a language produce. Consider the following unintentional word substitutions that some English speakers have actually produced. Name the semantic properties shared by or related in the intended word and its substitution in each pair of the utterances.Intended utterances Actual utterances(slips of the tongue)1. bridge of the nose bridge of the neck2. when my gums bled when my tongues bled3. he came too late he came too early4. Mary was young Marry was early5. The lady with the dachshund the lady with the Volkswagen6. there's a horse of another color there's a horse of another race7. he has to pay her alimony he has to pay her rent8. I saw the dog in the garden I saw the cat in the garden23 Identify the thematic roles in each of the sentences given below.a. The door opened.b. The key opened the door.c. The boy opened the door with the key.24 Analyze the conversations below as required.9a. Analyze the following mini-talk in light of the cooperative principle.A: Have you had your lunch?B: I have been unwell for the whole morning.25 9b. Find the deixis in the following dialogue and analyze them into different groups according to their function in the linguistic interaction.(1)Debby: Go anywhere today?(2)Dan: Yes, we went down to Como. Up by bus, and back by hydrofoil.(3)Debby: Anything to see there ?(4)Dan; Perhaps not the most interesting of Italian towns, but it's worth the trip.(5)Debby: I might do that next Saturday.(6)Jane; What do you mean when you say perhaps not the most interesting of Italian towns?(7)Jack: He means certainly not the most interesting. . .(8)Dan: Just trying to be polite. . .26 Grammaticality judgments are made on the basis of linguistic knowledge.27 The difference among " locutionary meaning" , " illocutionary meaning" and "perlocutionary meaning".。
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2012年天津外国语大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：116.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.______has been widely accepted as the father of modern linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.ChomskyB.SaussureC.BloomfieldD.Halliday2.A language user"s underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called his linguistic______.（分数：2.00）prehensionB.performanceC.perceptionpetence3."I can refer to Confucius or the North Pole, even though the first has been dead over 2,550 years and the second is situated far away from us. " This shows that language has the design feature of______.（分数：2.00）A.displacementB.creativityC.dualityD.arbitrariness4.The distinction between competence and performance was put forward by ______.（分数：2.00）A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.ChomskyD.Halliday5.Which of the following terms is not a concept in Psycholinguistics?（分数：2.00）A.Processing utterances.B.Producing utterances.nguage acquisition.ponential analysis.6.The study of sounds is divided into three main areas, each dealing with one part of the process. ______ is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.（分数：2.00）A.Articulatory phoneticsB.Auditory phoneticsC.Phonological processD.Acoustic phonetics7.Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）rynx is what we sometimes call "Adam"s apple".B.The International Phonetic Alphabet uses narrow transcription.C.There are two nasal consonants in English.D.It is sounds by which we make communicative meaning.8.______ are a set of vowel qualities arbitrarily defined, fixed and unchanging, intended to provide a frame of reference for the description of the actual vowels of existing languages.（分数：2.00）A.DiphthongsB.Pure VowelsC.Cardinal VowelsD.Vowel Glides9.The sounds, which are produced by a closure in the vocal tract or by a narrowing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction, are known as______.（分数：2.00）A.consonantsB.places of articulationC.vowelsD.manners of articulation10.Which of the following is the correct description of the English consonant[z]?（分数：2.00）A.Voiceless alveolar affricate.B.Voiceless bilabial nasal.C.Voiced alveolar stop.D.Voiced alveolar fricative.11.Which is the correct description of the English vowel[i:]?（分数：2.00）A.High front tense unrounded vowel.B.High back lax rounded vowel.C.Mid central lax unrounded vowel.D.Low back lax rounded vowel.12.The word ______ simply refers to a "unit of explicit sound contrast" : the existence of a minimal pair automatically grants phonemic status to the sounds responsible for the contrasts.（分数：2.00）A.allophoneB.phonemeC.soundD.syllable13.______ is the smallest unit of language in regard to the relationship between sounding and meaning, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning.（分数：2.00）A.AllomorphB.WordC.MorphemeD.Root14.______is the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme.（分数：2.00）A.AffixB.SuffixC.StemD.Prefix15.By the relation of______one means that different sets of clauses may permit of require the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence.（分数：2.00）A.substitutabilityB.positionC.co-occurrenceD.coordination16.______refers to a major constituent of sentence structure in a binary analysis in which all obligatory constituents other than the subject were considered together.（分数：2.00）A.SubjectB.PredicateC.Objectplement17.______refer to those words that are used before the noun acting as head of a noun group, and that determine the kind of reference the nominal group has.（分数：2.00）A.ParticlesB.AuxiliariesC.Pro-formsD.Determiners18.Which of the following is under the category of "Open Class"?（分数：2.00）A.Nouns.B.Conjunctions.C.Determiners.D.Prepositions19.______is the name for oppositeness relation, which includes three main sub-types.（分数：2.00）A.HyponymyB.Antony myC.PolysemyD.Synonymy20.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to or stands for is known as the ______.（分数：2.00）A.An Integrated TheoryB.Speech Act TheoryC.The Classical TheoryD.The Referential Theory二、填空题(总题数：30，分数：60.00)21. 1 studies the relationship between language and thought, and a perennial subject of debate being whether language is a function of thinking or thought.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________22.Hymes" theory of 1was introduced into the field of language teaching, which encourages teacher to pay more attention to the question of how to train their students as active and successful language users in a real language context.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________23.As one of the central topics in psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how a child acquires the language skills and how they extend to other languages.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________24.According to Langacker, 1 is the ability to conceive and portray the same situation in alternate ways through specificity, different mental scanning, directionality, vantage point,figure-ground segregation, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________25.In cognitive linguistics, 1 is the process of classifying our experiences into different categories based on commonalities and differences.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________26.Many prepositions, such as "in" , "into" , exemplify a 1 schema, which involves a physical of metaphorical boundary, enclosed area or volume, or excluded area or volume.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________27.ARGUMENT IS WAR is a 1metaphor, in which the concept of argument is structured systematically in terms of another.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________28.In the cognitive literature, 1 is defined as a cognitive process in which the vehicle provides mental access to the target within the same domain.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________29. 1 theory is proposed by Fauconnier and Turner to address the cognitive operation whereby elements of two or more "mental spaces" are integrated via projecting into a new, blended space which has its unique structure.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________30.Hymes points out that a 1 refers to a group of people who "share not only the same rules of speaking, but at least one linguistic variety as well".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________31.The 1 hypothesis suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express the speaker"s unique ways of understanding of the world.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________32.An anthropological orientation in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America at the start of the 20th century. Bronislaw Malinowski and 1 was regarded as the pioneers of this movement in England.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________33. 1 linguistics addresses the structuring within language of such basic conceptual categories as those of space and time, scenes and event, entities and processes, motion and location, and force and causation.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________34.As one of the six subjects of research within psycholinguistics, 1 concerns how the cognitive architecture of language and language processing is implemented in the human brain.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________35.Sociolinguists expand the scope of their observation on language by introducing some major social factors, including class, 1, age, ethnic identity, education background, occupation and religious belief.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________36.John Langshaw Austin began to give lectures on Speech Act Theory in 195In 1955 , when delivering the William James lectures, he revised the notes and changed the title from Words and Deeds to 1, which was published posthumously in 1962.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________37.According to Austin, though 1 cannot be true or false, there are still conditions for them to meet to be appropriate or felicitous.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________38.The Felicity Conditions suggest that there must be a relevant conventional procedure, and the relevant 1 must be appropriate.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________39.Through the Williams James lectures Grice delivered at Harvard in 1967, the theory of Conversational Implicature became known to the public. Part of the lectures was published in 1975 under the title of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________40.The characteristics of implicative can be summarized as calculability, cancellability, 1 and non-conventionality.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________41.Sperber and Wilson argue that all Gricean maxims, including the CP itself, should be reduced to a single principle of relevance, which is defined as: every act of 1 communicates the presumption of its own optional relevance.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________42.According to Sperber and Wilson, "of all the interpretations of the stimulus which confirm the presumption, it is 1 to occur to the addressee that is the one the communicator intended to convey".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________43.In the field of language use, Zipf recognized two competing forces: the force of 1, or speaker"s economy, and the force of diversification, or hearer"s economy.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________44.Horn found that Q-based implicatures can be readily cancelled by 1 which does not affect what is said, but R-based implicatures cannot.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________45.A popular term in Stylistics, 1, defined by Leech and Short as "artistically motivated deviation" involves all levels of language; vocabulary, sound, syntax, meaning, graphology, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________46.Where two syllables have the same initial and final consonants, but different vowels, they are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________47.A/An 1 foot consists of three syllables; two unstressed syllables are followed by a stressed one.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________48.On the speech presentation cline, the one comes between Direct Speech and Indirect Speech is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________49.The term 1was originally coined by William James to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind, and later was applied to the novelistic portrayal of the free flow of thought.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________50. 1is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particular style of language and its context of use.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、写作题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)51.Choose four of the following questions for Essay Discussion. Write the number of the question and your essay on the ANSWER SHEET. There is no doubt that linguistic science today, like other parts of human knowledge, is the product of its past and matrix of its future(R. H. Robins, 1997). Discuss the progress with shifts among different approaches to language chronologically from antiquity up to the present.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Philosophical presuppositions in terms of "arbitrariness" versus motivation, "autonomy" versus embodiment are still under debates in the field of modern linguistic studies. Comment on the debates and provide your argument for or against these theories.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.The linguists of comparative and historical linguistics, structural linguistics and transformational-generative linguistics all regarded their theories as "science". What do you think?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________54.The contrast between empiricism and rationalism runs through the history of linguistic thought in various manifestations. Rationalism allows for rational thought to process ideas. Empiricism says that only the data is relevant to ideas. Discuss and provide your argument for and against each of these presuppositions.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Noam Chomsky is a leading linguistic scientist and his Syntactic Structures outlined his theories of transformational generative grammar, which made him a prominent and controversial figure in the field. Discuss his TG grammar and comment on the innateness hypothesis.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.There is a variety of possible relationships between language and society. The first one is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior;a second possible relationship is directly opposed to the first: linguistic structure and/or behavior may either influence or determine social structure; a third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; language and society may influence each other; a fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and that each is independent of the other. Discuss and provide evidence for and against the "no relationship" position.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Cognitive Linguistics has been advancing now in the US and in Europe for three decades. Chinese scholars have already taken up these stimulating ideas and carried them forward within their own traditions of linguistic research. Make a list of famous cognitive linguists and comments on their contributions to the area of cognitive linguistic research.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 58.Austin puts forward the speech act theory. What does he mean by "speech act"? He uses the term "locution" for the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic meaning, and illocution for what the speaker is doing by uttering the words. If a person says "The gun is loaded" , what might be the illocutionary force? Or say, what might be the possible intention of the speaker? Provide the contexts for your interpretation.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
语言学历年真题试卷汇编12_真题-无答案
语言学历年真题试卷汇编12(总分68,考试时间90分钟)1. 判断题请判断下列各题正误。
1. 索绪尔开创的描写语言学标志语言走向独立的道路。
(2009年北京语言大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误2. 汉语中的“哥哥、弟弟”和“姐姐、妹妹”，英语中只用“brother”和“sister”就可以包括，这种语言的不同反映了不同民族的思维能力是不同的。
(2005年山东师范大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误3. 汉语普通话中有zhuang这样的音节，因此汉语中有复辅音。
(2006年中国传媒大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误4. 汉语中有“男生、女生、公牛、母牛”等词，由此可见，汉语中有“性”这种语法范畴。
(2005年山东师范大学考题)A. 正确B. 错误2. 案例分析题1. 指出下面词的构成方式。
(2012年中国海洋大学考题)尖子念头老百姓西红柿进驻用变换分析法分析下面三个句子。
(2012年中国海洋大学考题)2. 讲台上站着老师。
3. 台上唱着戏。
4. 后山上架着炮。
5. 结合汉语例子，论述层次分析法的主要特点及其局限。
(2009年厦门大学考题)3. 单项选择题单项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，只有一个是符合题意的。
1. 下列因素中，全部属于浊辅音的是( )。
(2006年中山大学考题)A. [b p m]B. [b d z]C. [d t l]D. [f v m]2. 确定“忽然”是副词，“突然”是形容词，主要是依据( )。
(2005年中山大学考题)A. 词的意义B. 词的形态变化C. 词的句法功能D. 词的意义和形态变化3. 下列不属于“转移”这种词义演变方式和途径的是( )(2006年中山大学考题)A. 英语中的“book”本来是一种树木的名称，现在用来表示写成的书。
B. 俄语中的“py”本来是各种武器的总称，现在只指“枪”。
C. 汉语的“豆”古代是一种盛食物的器皿，现在指豆类植物。
D. “锑”是一种金属元素，元素符号是Sb，用在化工、电工和医药上，广州话用来指制造日用器皿的铝合金。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编15
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编15(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle.（南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：On the face of it, B violated the maxim of relation since he did not provide a direct answer to A"s question. But A would assume that B is cooperative in the conversation, and would try to explore the link between the seemingly irrelevant response to something relevant. Thus, A would interpret B"s utterance in such a way that because there had been as accident further up the road, it was quite possible that the road was blocked; in a consequence, the bus would not be able to come.)解析：2.Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice"s Cooperative Principle.(北二外2005研)A: Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?B: I often hear classical music, especially, the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No. 9 is my favorite.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：B has obviously violated Maxim of Relation; A was asking B"s opinion about a particular popular song, but B"s response was actually about classical music. By such a violation, B probably wanted to imply that he did not like that popular song.)解析：3.In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?(人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：In daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called "cooperative principle" : "Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged". Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.)解析：4.What is sociolinguistics?（北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Sociolinguistics is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society, including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users. It studies the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.)解析：解析：（本题考查社会语言学的定义。
英语语言学试卷精粹10套题(附答案)
第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the followingstatements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has beensaid.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you mustexplain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and patterntheir way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "linguistics" is derived from which language?A. LatinB. GreekC. GermanD. French答案：A2. What is the study of language in terms of its structure and form?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SyntaxD. Semantics答案：C3. Which of the following is a branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words and sentences?A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Psycholinguistics答案：A4. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is known as:A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax答案：A5. What is the smallest meaningful unit in a language?A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. WordD. Sentence答案：B6. The process of changing a word's form to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. InflectionB. DerivationC. SyntaxD. Agreement答案：A7. Which of the following is a sociolinguistic phenomenon?A. Code-switchingB. Language acquisitionC. Language changeD. Phonological rules答案：A8. The study of how language is used in social contexts is known as:A. PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案：B9. What is the term for the systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language?A. SyntaxB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Phonology答案：A10. The study of language change over time is called:A. Historical linguisticsB. Comparative linguisticsC. Structural linguisticsD. Applied linguistics答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and cognitive processes is known as ________.答案：Psycholinguistics2. A dialect is a ________ of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of speakers.答案：variety3. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a language is called a ________.答案：phoneme4. The branch of linguistics that studies the origin and historical development of languages is ________.答案：Historical linguistics5. The use of language to convey meaning is the focus of the field of ________.答案：Pragmatics6. The study of how children acquire language is a part of________.答案：Psycholinguistics7. The process of creating new words by combining existing words or word parts is known as ________.答案：Compounding8. The study of the relationship between language and culture is a part of ________.答案：Anthropological linguistics9. The branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words and phrases is called ________.答案：Semantics10. The study of how languages are used in different social contexts is known as ________.答案：Sociolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between phonetics and phonology.答案：Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds, such as their production, transmission, and perception. Phonology, on the other hand, is the study of the abstract patterns and organization of sounds within a language, focusing on how these sounds function in the system of a particular language.2. Describe the role of syntax in language.答案：Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language. It dictates how words combine to form phrases and sentences and how they can be arranged to create well-formed and meaningful expressions.3. What is the significance of sociolinguistics in understanding language use?答案：Sociolinguistics is significant in understanding language use because it explores the relationship between language and society. It examines how language varies with different social factors, such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction. This field helps us to understand the role of language in shaping social identities and in reflecting social structures.。