(完整版)雅思作文常用动词
正方动词 动词 含义 宾语举例 Abide by/comply with 遵守 the law/ related rules Acquire 获取 knowledge/ skills Afford 提供 job opportunity a sense of achievement Allocate 分配 allocate money/resources to… Boost 提升，增加 efficiency/crop yield Censor 审查 films/books Tackle/combat/address 解决 a problem/a situation Conserve 节约使用 resources/ fresh water Foster/nurture/cultivate 培养 creativity/skills/interest Curb 遏制 crime/nuclear weapon Curtail 削减 expense/budgets Demolish 拆掉 buildings Display 展现 talent/abilities/potential Disseminate/propagate 传播 ideas/thought Draw on 借鉴 the experience of other countries Raise/heighten/elevate 提高 citizens’ awareness the standard of living Eliminate 消除 poverty/injustice Enhance/Better 增进，美化 The cityscape / infrastructure Enlarge 扩大 The market for products Enrich 丰富 one’s knowledge/ biodiversity Ensure 确保 social stability/ ethnic unity Establish 建立 a system / an institution Expand 扩大 one’s outlook / domestic demand Exploit/utilise 开采，使用，开发 Natural resources/one’s potential Explore 探索 outer space/ other cultures Fulfil 实现，完成 fulfil one’s potential fulfil one’s dream/ task Generate （大规模地）产生 employment opportunities/electricity/tax revenue Implement 实施 a policy Integrate/incorporate 结合 incorporate students’ suggestion into curriculum design Intensify 强化 regional cooperation/cultural interaction Lower 降低 costs/expectations Maintain 维持 close links/social order Motivate 给……动力 motivate students to think independently motivate employees to work harder Mould 塑造 one’s character Optimise 优化 the distribution of resources the management of sth. Override 比…更重要 例句：at this moment, the government’s concern about poverty overrides its other concerns. Perform/conduct 从事 scientific research Multiply 成倍增加 people’s choice/employee’s earnings Pose 对…构成（挑战、威胁等） pose a threat/challenge to Preserve 保护某种资源 natural resources/cultural heritage Promote/facilitate 促进，推动 Healthy lifestyle/cultural exchanges/sustainable development Pursue 追求 maximum profit Recycle 循环利用 waste/rubbish Reform 改革，改造 a system/ ciminals Reinforce/consolidate/strengthen 增强 family bonds/economic ties/ethnic solidarity Release 释放 stress/prisoners Relieve/ease/alleviate 减轻 poverty/traffic jam Remove 消除 the barrier/discrimination Safeguard 保障（后面多跟抽象概念） political and social stability national cohesion Shift 转移 one’s attention to focus to Accelerate/ speed up 加速 pace of life/economic growth Stimulate 激发 imagination/creativity Synthesise 有机结合 synthesise the asian and western cultures Transcend 超越（某种界限） national boundaries/races Upgrade 升级 the facilities/skills Value/treasure/cherish 珍视 the cultural heritage/the local customs 中立或反方动词 Cause 产生，导致（雅思作文中一般跟坏现象） Misunderstanding/psychological Strain/a vicious cycle Corrupt 毒害 The minds of children Degrade 降级 The quality of sth. Deplete 消耗 Natural resources/ the ozone layer Disregard 无视 Traditions/the law Distort 歪曲 Facts/truth Disturb 扰乱 Social order Aggravate/exacerbate 导致…进一步恶化 Economic recession/environmental pollution Erode 侵蚀 The cultural identity of a nation One’s confidence Fuel 激化 Antagonism/conflicts Give rise to 导致（某种广泛存在的负面现象） Unemployment/inflation/ debate/alienation from one another Hinder/impede/obstruct 阻碍 The development of…. Impose 把某事物强加于某人 Impose their own will on their children Impose high tax on Infringe on 侵犯 Citizen’ rights/ intellectual property rights Involve 涉及 Uncertainties/ the recognition that… Isolate 孤立，隔绝 A nation/ prisoners Jeopardize/undermine 危及，破坏（后跟抽象宾语） One’s future/ economic prospects Punish/penalise 惩罚 Criminal acts Restrict/constrain 限制 One’s freedom Rethink 反思 Their policy/their strategy Sap/dampen 消弱（自信等抽象名词） One’s confidence/ one’s enthusiasm/ the market demand Seek 谋求 Hegemony/opportunities Spoil 破坏（原本很好的东西） The cityscape Stifle 扼杀 Creativity/potential/economic and social reform Stretch 过度使用 Stretch…to limit（是固搭） Stretch natural resources to the limit Succumb to 屈从于 Temptation/ peer pressure Tarnish 玷污 One’s reputation/one’s image Violate 侵犯 The law/citizens’ rights
剑桥范文中常见动词短语 Appeal to 对….有吸引力 These TV shows are designed to appeal mainly to viewers aged between 16 and 25. Bring about 带来 Together these factors brought about the Greek financial crisis. Carry out 实施，从事 Due to the growing public concern, more research on the green house effect has been carried out. Clash with 与…冲突 The latest report clashed with the media coverage of the event last year. Cope with 应对，处理=handle In some businesses, employees find it difficult to cope with the stress at work. Dispose of 处理掉 We forget that this is a source pollution and difficult to dispose of; therefore, governments need to raise this awareness in the general public. Draw on 借鉴 Those who have spent some time traveling to other places have a boarder view of life and better personal resources to draw on. Give priority to 把…放在优先位置 The government should give priority to the development of the economy rather than to the national defence. Grapple with 努力解决某个问题 The city government has been grapple with unemployment. Interfere with 干扰，干涉 Supervisors should try not to let their personal worries interfere with their work. Lose track of 对…失去了解，控制 Those who get addicted to junk food tend to lose track of their weight.
雅思写作必备词汇
附录：雅思写作必备词汇一.同经济有关的词汇extravagant 浪费的，奢侈的throw money into thin air 浪费钱squander v. 浪费：If we squander our fossil fuels, we threaten civilization.lavish v. 浪费：lavish time and money on petsWe have to economize on water during the dry season.dear，luxurious 豪华的，money-consuming 浪费钱的，precious，valuabledestitute 贫穷的impoverished 贫穷的（名词形式为impoverishment）poverty-stricken 贫穷的poorneedy 贫穷的，缺乏生活必需品的: They collected money to help the needy children. poverty line 贫穷线，贫困线a lucrative investment profitable 赚钱的，盈利的wealthybe short of insufficient 不足的，不够的：The food is insufficient for our needs.lack n&vt缺乏，be lacking in：She is lacking in responsibility.run out of 用完scarcity n.缺乏，不足：The scarcity of food was caused by the drought.There is a shortage of oil in this country.asset n.资产 a tight budget 资金/预算紧张financial aid 经济资助financial/economic burden经济负担financial strain 资金紧张government revenue 政府税收foreign currency 外汇taxpayer 纳税人有限的公共资金income 收入hard-earned money 辛苦挣来的钱consumer goods 消费品consumption n. 消费(consume v.) expenditure n.花费，支出beggar pauper=beggar homeless 无家可归的laid-off workers 下岗工人jobless 失业的；失业者charity 慈善（形容词为charitable）healthcare 医疗保健starvation=hunger 饥饿famine 饥荒disease illiteracy 文盲（形容词为illiterate）welfare 福利shelter 庇护所nursing home/house 养老院miserable 痛苦的，悲惨的well-being福利subsidize=finance 资助，补助二．同时间有关的词汇squeeze time 挤时间wile away the time 消磨时间kill time 浪费时间a waste of time and resource precious time-consuming 消耗时间的a great waste of time occupy vt.占用：Reading occupies most of my free time.take up 占用pass time 消磨时光They messed about in the club most of the summer.tempting 诱惑人的：a tempting offer吸引人的提议；a tempting smell诱人的气味alluring 迷人的，吸引人的，诱惑的：an alluring advertisementdistracting 分心的（动词为distract）：Noise distracted the writer from his work.lure vt.引诱：The price also lures students.induce vt.劝诱，促使：Nothing in the world would induce me to do that.entice somebody to do something/into doing something.addictive 上瘾的be addicted to 上瘾wallow in 沉溺于：wallow in luxuryrevel in 着迷，酷爱，纵情于：revel in filmsresist the temptation 抵挡住诱惑be obsessed with 沉迷于abandon oneself to 沉溺于：The young man abandoned himself to despair.indulge in 沉湎于：indulge oneself in eating and drinking纵情于吃喝；indulge in tobacco 吸烟无度self-control 自控inhibit v.抑制，约束self-discipline 自律refrain vi.节制，避免，制止：The boy refrained from tears；Please refrain from spitting on the sidewalk.restrain vt.抑制，制止：I couldn't restrain my laughter；We restrained the children from playing by the railroad；The government has taken measures to restrain inflation.academic performance 学习表现misleading 易误解的，令人误解的play truant 逃学：In my last year I played truant a lot. skip classes 逃课efficiency 效率productivity 生产力rewarding 有益的，值得的三.同健康有关的词汇acute 急性的chronic 慢性的malady 疾病obesity 肥胖（形容词为obese）incurable disease=terminal illness 绝症depression 抑郁症diabetes 糖尿病tumor 肿瘤hypertension 高血压（hypotension 低血压）stroke 中风以下词汇可以暂时只认知：arthritis 关节炎coronary heart disease 冠心病epidemics传染病（形容词为epidemic）eye irritation 眼睛发炎infectious disease 传染病rabies=hydrophobia 狂犬病tuberculosis 肺结核bloated 臃肿的，过于肥胖的dizzy 头昏眼花的fatigue n.疲乏，疲劳headaches indigestion 消化不良indolent 懒惰的morbid 病态的muscle aches insomnia 失眠（口语中也说lose sleep）constipation 便秘nausea 反胃，恶心near-sighted=myopia 近视overweight 超重sore throat 喉咙发炎symptom 症状tiredness=weariness 疲倦fracture骨折跛子malnutrition 营养不良addictive nocuous 有害的，有毒的（反义词innocuous）cancer-causing致癌的impair v.削弱，危机：Poor food impaired her health. deleterious 有害的，有毒的hazardous 危险的，有害的harmful be physically damaging 有害健康的do harm to one’s health 有害健康endanger one’s health 危机健康pernicious有害的noxious 有害的，有毒的：Noxious chemicals are found in the river water.high fat and calorie high cholesterol junk food oily fooddeteriorate v.恶化：Relations between the two countries have deteriorated sharply in recent weeks.’s health.bacteria 细菌germ 细菌excessive intake 过量摄入cancerous 癌的virus 病毒carcinogen 致癌物toxic gas 有毒气体bleach 漂白剂radiation 辐射fume 烟，气体venomous 有毒的，分泌毒液的poisonous 有毒的a meager diet 素食immune 免疫的aerobic exercise 有氧运动jog 慢跑balanced diet 平衡饮食lose weight life expectancy 预期寿命energetic=vigorous 精力充沛的vegetarian 素食者fitness 健康hygienic 卫生的medical 医学的medical care 医疗medical treatment 医疗prevention 预防remedy 治疗法，药物eradicate v.根除，消灭：The government is making efforts to eradicate racial discriminating. nourishment 营养品vitamin nutrition 营养cure 治愈organ transplant 器官移植pain-killer 止疼药therapy 治疗，疗法pharmaceutical 药物的calcium 钙iron 铁zinc 锌iodine 碘phosphate 磷四．同情感有关的词汇affectionate 充满深情的：She was very affectionate with children.allegiance 忠贞（形容词为allegiant）：He is trying to win the allegiance of the masses.loyal 忠诚的，衷心的: She was loyal to her faith.He is loyal to his wife.sincerity 诚挚，真挚（形容词为sincere）：He is a man of sincerity.congenial 性格相似的，意气相投的：I met few people congenial to me in that city.devoted 投入的，深爱的energetic 精力旺盛的warm-hearted friendlyfaithful 忠实的，可靠的fervent 热情的：She has a fervent desire to win. enthusiasm 热情：The proposal was greeted with great enthusiasm.intimate 熟悉的：Both of them felt that they had become very intimate.）emotion 情感：Love, hatred, and grief are emotions.anxiety 忧虑，焦急apathy 冷漠arrogance 傲慢desolation 孤独，凄凉desperate 不顾一切的，拼命的，绝望的：A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.He was desperate when he lost all his money.He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.diffident 缺乏自信的：She is diffident about expressing her opinions.drowsy 昏昏欲睡的：The story took place on a drowsy summer afternoon.These tablets will make you drowsy.eccentric 古怪的：My neighbor is an eccentric young man.egoism 自我主义（egoist 自我主义者）frustrated 受挫的，失意的hopeless 绝望的languid 懒洋洋的isolated 孤独的indifferent 冷漠的introverted 内向的（反义extroverted）inferior 自卑的，劣等的inhospitable 冷漠的，不好客的（名词为inhospitality，反义为hospitable，hospitality）pessimistic 悲观的（反义为optimistic）rebellious 反叛的，叛逆的unsociable 不爱交际的（反义为sociable，gregarious）abuse n&v.虐待，滥用：He abused his power while in office.Those captives were physically abused.Child abuse is widespread in this country.alienate vt.疏远：His behavior alienated his friends.desert vt.遗弃：All his friends have deserted him!deserted 为人所弃的abandoned 被抛弃的，自甘堕落的extra-marital affairs 婚外恋vt.忽视ill-treat vt.虐待=maltreatbrutal 残酷的，野蛮的hatred 仇恨hostility 敌意resentment 怨恨wear a long face 拉长着脸turn a deaf ear 充耳不闻（注意turn a blind eye to）：How could you turn a deaf ear to her requests for help?conflict 冲突antagonism 对抗foster vt.培养，心怀（希望）：Concerts foster interest in music. foster a hopecomfort vt.安慰=console =soothe：We did not know how to soothe the bereaved mother. proximity 接近，亲近restful 宁静的goodwill 善意encourage，support，promote，inspire 鼓励，支持，推进五．同智力和教育有关的词汇mental 心智的（名词为mentality）mental growth 智力发展ability of expression 表达能力brightness 聪明，智慧prodigy 天才，神童tactful 机智的clever talented 有才能的：He is a very talented actor. wisdom 智慧，学识：a man of wisdom creative 创造性的：a very creative musician genius 天才instinct 直觉instinctive 本能的：She had an instinctive taste for music.inherence 内在，固有，天性intellect 智力intellectual 需要智力的，智力发达的（作为名词是含义是知识分子）：Chess is a highly intellectual game./ intellectual people注意：intellectual property 指的是知识产权insight 洞察力，见识，深刻的理解：Good teachers have insight into children's emotions.His speech gave us an insight into the problems of education. intelligence 智力，聪明，智能intelligence quotient 智商nature 本性，天性wit 智力，才智，智慧perception 洞察力，感知，理解：My perception of the problem isclumsy 笨拙的，手脚不灵活的：The clumsy boy bumped into the table.absurd=ridiculous 荒谬的：It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.It's the most ridiculous thing I ever heard in my life.dull 感觉或者理解迟钝的：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。
雅思写作同义词
1、趋势类词汇上升动词类: increase， go up， rise up， grow up， jump up， surge， shoot up， keep an upward tendency下降动词类: decrease， go down， decline， fall down， drop， sink， dip，keep a downward tendency波动动词类: fluctuate持平动词类: remain the same， stabilize， remain stable， remain constant 修饰动词的副词: slightly 轻微地， slowly 缓慢地， gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地， sharply 明显地， dramatically急剧地， drastically 急剧地上升名词类: increase， rise， growth， jump， surge下降名词类: decrease， decline， fall， reduction， drop波动名词类: fluctuation修饰名词的形容词: slight， slow， gradual， steady， rapid， moderate，significant， sharp， dramatic， drastic2、极值类词汇和表达最高点: reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point最低点: reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point占的最多: occupy/make up/take up/account for the largest proportion/number/percentage of …占的最少: occupy/make up/take up/account for the smallest proportion/number/percentage of…3、倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4、大约的表达方式About/around + 数字数字 + or soApproximately + 数字5、常用的小作文的趋势句式表达句式一: 变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+时间区间Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1940-2000.The number of aged people over 65 dropped slightly from 1960-1980.The number of aged people over 65 fluctuated between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950.The number of aged people over 65 remained stable from 1930-1940.句式二: There be + 形容词 + 表示趋势的名词 + in+ 变化的主体+ 时间区间Eg: There was an significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1940-2000.There was a slight decline in the number of aged people over 65 from 1960-1980.There was a fluctuation between 1 million and 1.2 million from 1940-1950. Task One一.文章开头图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; represent内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion二.表示数据一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10%最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point) ;bottomed out; reached the bottom变化：recover略有回升；increase; jump; rise/rose; climb ;decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reducefluctuate浮动，摇摆不定remained steady/stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly突然的，意外的rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably稳定的表示范围：from…to…between…and…for…to…多长时间直到表示程度：almost adv.几乎，差不多nearly adv.几乎，密切地approximately adv.近似的，大约about adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围just over刚超过over adv.结束，越过，从头到尾exactly adv.正确地，严密地precisely adv.正好精确地；清晰地比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3one out of every four 1/4三.常用词significant changes图中一些较大变化noticeable trend明显趋势during the same period在同一时期grow/grew增长distribute分布，区别unequally不相等地pronounced明显的average平均no doubt无疑地corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的represent vt.阐述，表现overall总体上讲except除外in the case of adv.在…的情况下in contrast相反，大不相同in conclusion adv.最后，总之in comparison相比之下inversely adv.相反地，倒转地in general通常，大体上，一般而言rang fromexcessive adj.过多的，过分的，额外lower v.降低，跌落elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝category n.种类government policy政府政策market forces市场规率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n.先见，预见v.预测上升、下降等变化趋1 to remain level/steady/stable/to level out/to remain constant/2 be the same as /stay the same as/3rapid/noticeable/great/sharp/obivious/conspicuous/apparent/dramatic/tr emendous/steep/fast/considerable/overall/massive/significant/remarkable/huge/substantial/actual/sudden/4 slow/little/slight/gradual/steady/ stable/general/modest/5 increase/grow/go up/fly to/climb to/development/to soar/rock to a record high of /upward trend/rise/leap/6 decrease/ reduce/fall/decline/drop/downward trend/slump/plummet/7 to speed up/slow down/pause/cease/stop/start with/end with/diminish/vanish/disappear/8 by…%/at a…speed/a high/low/small/great percentage/by…amount/9 There is a minor fluctuation between A and B10 to fluctuate过渡性词语1 after that/afterwards2 in the meanwhile/at the same time/simultaneously3 to follow the steps4firstly…/secondly…/thirdly/next…/andthen/before…/not…until/can’t….unless/after that/in the end/5 one hand…on the other hand关键点的描述1 to peak at/to reach the highest point/to come to the summit/2 to bottom/to reach the bottom/the lowest point/to hit a trough/3 to account for/occupy/constitute/make up/其他1 to see/witness/find/experience2 to see the opposite trend高分表达：From the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that…从图表中我们可以很清楚的看到…The chart shows the changes in the number of …over the period from…to…该表格描述了在…年到…年之间…数量的变化。
雅思英语高频词汇
雅思英语高频词汇一、名词（n.）1. ambition [æmˈbɪʃn]- 释义：雄心；野心。
例如：His ambition is to become a famous scientist.（他的志向是成为一名著名的科学家。
）2. benefit [ˈbenɪfɪt]- 释义：利益；好处。
例如：The new policy will bring great benefits to the local people.（这项新政策将给当地人民带来巨大的利益。
）3. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ]- 释义：挑战。
例如：Facing this challenge, we should be brave.（面对这个挑战，我们应该勇敢。
）二、动词（v.）1. achieve [əˈtʃiːv]- 释义：实现；达到。
例如：He has achieved his goal through hard work.（他通过努力工作实现了自己的目标。
）2. enhance [ɪnˈhɑːns]- 释义：提高；增强。
例如：We need to enhance our communication skills.（我们需要提高我们的沟通技巧。
）3. overcome [ˌəʊvəˈkʌm]- 释义：克服。
例如：She has overcome many difficulties in her life.（她已经克服了生活中的许多困难。
）三、形容词（adj.）1. significant [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt]- 释义：重要的；有意义的。
例如：This discovery is very significant for scientific research.（这个发现对科学研究非常重要。
）2. various [ˈveəriəs]- 释义：各种各样的。
例如：There are various kinds of books in the library.（图书馆里有各种各样的书。
雅思3500之不及物动词,形容词,副词部分
雅思单词二、不及物动词部分prey vi./n. 捕食;被捕食的动物repent vi./vt. 悔悟,后悔invigilate vi. 监考prevail vi. 流行,盛行sprint vi. 全速奔跑;冲刺migrate vi. 迁移;移居aspire vi. 渴望hitchhike vi. 免费搭乘他人便车hover vi. (鸟)盘旋,翱翔,(人)逗留在附近徘徊crouch vi./n. 蹲伏erupt vi. 爆发;喷发proceed vi. 进行;着手cater vi. 供应伙食;为…提供服务,满足…的要求coincide vi. 恰好相合,同时发生;意见一致;位置重合,重叠glitter vi./n. 闪闪发光,闪光soar vi. 剧增;高飞;高涨;屹立gape vi. 张口,张开,裂开;n. 目瞪口呆yearn vi. 想念,渴望behave vi. 举动;表现;运转collide vi. 碰撞,互撞;冲突,抵触pry vi. 细查;探问resign vi. 辞职; vt. 放弃,辞去;(to)使顺从wrestle vi. 摔跤,角斗;斗争,努力deviate vi. 偏离,背离pine vi. 消瘦,衰弱;n. 松树retreat vi./n. 撤退decay vi./n. 腐烂;衰微meddle vi. 干涉,干预gush vi. 涌出,滔滔不绝地说;n. 迸发pounce vi. 突然袭击;抓住;n. 突袭,猛扑sprawl vi. 植物蔓生;城市无计划扩张loom vi. 隐隐呈现,赫然耸现;n. 织机,织造(术)accord vi. 相一致;相符合; vt. 授予,赠与; n. 一致,符合;(尤指国与国之间的)谅解lounge vi. 懒洋洋地倚、躺;闲逛;n. 懒洋洋的姿势;休息室opt vi. 选择,挑选stumble vi. 绊跌,绊倒;结结巴巴说话reign vi./n. (君主)统治,存在,现存persist vi. 坚持;持续grumble vi./n. 埋怨,发牢骚,咕哝tumble vi. 跌倒,摔下,滚下;翻滚;不由自主地卷入; (价格等)暴跌;n. 跌倒,摔倒ramble vi. 漫步,闲逛;漫谈;蔓延lag vi. 走得慢,落后;n. 相隔时间succumb vi. 屈服,屈从,死recede vi. 后退;向后倾斜rave vi. 胡言乱语;热衷谈论;n. 热情赞扬trek vi. 长途跋涉;旅行emerge vi. 出现,浮现,暴露shiver vi./n. 颤抖,哆嗦resort vi./n. 求助consent vi./n. 同意,允许frown vi./n. 皱眉,不赞成legislate vi. 立法sparkle vi. 闪光,闪耀ensue vi. 跟着发生;结果是strive vi. 斗争,努力,奋斗linger vi. 逗留,徘徊;动作迟缓;苟延残喘blush vi./n. 脸红,羞愧shimmer vi./n. 发微光,发闪光;微光lurk vi. 潜伏,埋伏occur vi. 发生;想起,想到;存在default vi./n. 拖欠,违约;不出庭perspire vi. 出汗,流汗teem vi. 大量出现,涌现toil vi. 辛劳工作,艰难地行动;n. 苦工,难事dwell vi. 居住;详述thirst vi./n. 渴;渴望glide vi./n. 滑动,滑翔cling vi. 抱紧;坚守glow vi. 发出光和热;脸发红发热;n. 光辉adhere vi. 粘着;坚持;忠于fluctuate vi. (物价)涨落,起落,波动twinkle vi. 闪烁,闪耀;闪闪发光plummet vi. 骤然跌落creep vi. 慢慢地、悄悄地移动;(时间、年纪)悄悄过去;蔓延fester vi. 脓疮;(怨恨等)郁积,恶化seep vi. 液体渗出wane vi. 月亮变小,月亏;衰退salute vi. 行礼,致敬,问候;vt. 向…致意,向…敬礼; 赞扬,颂扬;n. 敬礼,致意vanish vi. 消失flicker vi./n. 闪烁,摇曳,闪现glimmer vi./n. (发)微光;少许,微量intervene vi. 插入,干涉;插话(时间)介于elapse vi. (时间)流逝pertain vi. 附属;有关expire vi. 满期,到期;逝世,死correspond vi. 符合;通信;相当于depart vi. 离开,启程refrain vi. 抑制toddle vi. (如小孩)蹒跚学步participate vi. 参与;分享minister vi. 照顾,给予帮助shamble vi. 蹒跚,拖沓; n. (～s)混乱,废墟crawl vi,爬行,缓慢地行进,爬满;起鸡皮疙瘩; n. 爬行;自由泳appeal vi./n. 呼吁;上诉;吸引(力) palpitate vi. 心脏急速跳动;(人)颤抖flare vi./n. 熊熊燃烧,突然燃烧,火光; v./n. (衣裙等)张开interact vi.互相作用,互相影响emigrate vi. 移居国外abound vi. 多,富于tamper vi. 干预,乱弄persevere vi. 锲而不舍tremble vi./n. 发抖,震颤seclude vi. 使隔离,使孤立,使隐退amount vi./n. 等于,总数,数量arise vi. 出现,发生,起来click vi./n. 咔嗒一声consist vi. 组成,存在rely vi. 依赖thrive vi. 繁荣,兴旺yawn vi. 打呵欠,张开雅思单词三、其他动词部分flutter v./n. 振翼;颤动,(心脏)不规则跳动stagger v./n. 摇晃;蹒跚;vt. 使吃惊;使错开,使交错heal v. 治愈;和解desert v. 丢弃,离开,背弃,开小差;n./a. 沙漠,无人居住的abort v. 取消;流产diffuse v. 散布,传播;扩散;a. 扩散的;冗长的levy v./n. 征收,征税conform v. 符合,遵从attain v. 获得;达到contrast v. 使对比,形成对照;n. 明显的差别jeer v. 嘲笑;n. 讥笑的言语bump v./n. 撞击;颠簸地行驶;凹凸不平;ad. 猛烈地fend v. 抵挡diminish v. 减小,减少,缩小decrease v./n. 减小,减少,减少量applaud v. 鼓掌欢迎;赞成certify v. (发给证书)证明;证实hike v./n. 徒步旅行;增加;抬起infringe v. 违反,触犯,侵害kindle v. 点燃,引起,激发propose v. 提议;求婚dispute v./n. 争论,争执,质疑deteriorate v. 恶化,败坏impose v. 征(税);把…强加于;利用trickle v./n. (使)滴流,(使)细流heighten v. 加高,提高,增大lament v. 悲痛,哀悼;n. 挽歌,挽诗converge v. 会聚,集中clash v./n. 金属碰撞声;互碰;时间冲突;意见抵触fetch v. (去)取,拿来;(货物)售的(价钱)blend v./n. 混合,把…混成一体,混合物compare v. 比较,对照;喻为dissolve v. 使液化,融化;使解散submit v. (使)服从;提交approach v. 接近;着手处理;n. 接近;方法;途径tramp v. 徒步远行;长途跋涉blunder v. 瞎闯,犯愚蠢的错误;n. 因疏忽所犯的错误boom v./n. 发出隆隆声;vi./n. (商业等的)景气,繁荣consult v. 请教,咨询;查阅;商量mutter v./n. 轻声低语;怨言repatriate v. 遣返;返回flourish v./n. 繁荣;挥舞;茂盛offer v. 提出;表示;n. 提供;提议refine v. 精炼,提纯;使文雅spoil v. 破坏;宠坏;(食物)变坏weld v./n. 焊接assimilate v. 吸收;同化drown v. 淹死;(高声音)遮掩(低声音)descend v. 下降,下来;遗传;袭击grin v./n. 露齿而笑,咧嘴一笑chase v./n. 追逐,追赶;雕镂commence v. 开始blink v./n. 眨眼睛,一瞥dispose v. 处理,处置,除去;使愿意brew v. 酿造,调制embark v. 上船;从事;开始escalate v. 升级,逐渐发展enquire v. 询问,打听growl v./n. 嗥叫;轰鸣;咆哮着说haul v./n. 用力拉,拖;捕获量;拖运的距离speculate v. 推测,推断;投机,做投机买卖revolt v./n. 反抗;厌恶graze v. (牲畜)吃草,放牧;擦过;n. 擦,擦伤crumble v. 弄碎,灭亡,消失grieve v. (使)悲痛,(使)伤心wander v. 漫游;迷路;离题revive v. 苏醒,复活;复兴,再流行cease v. 停止surrender v./n. 投降,自首;放弃;屈服crumple v. 把…弄皱,满是皱痕;压碎;崩溃heave v. 用力举起;说出;掷扔;n. 举,拉,扔fade v. (使)褪色;逐渐消失drowse v./n. 瞌睡dodge v. 躲闪,躲开;搪塞;逃避mediate v. 调停;斡旋poke v./n. 拨;戳issue v. 分发,出版,发行;n. 出版,发行,问题dissipate v. 消散,消失;浪费,挥霍engage v. 雇用;从事;订婚;吸引;啮合bustle v./n. 使活跃;忙碌;喧闹avail v. 有益于,有用;n. 用处,利益lick v./n. 舔;(火焰)卷过;(波浪)轻拍inherit v. 继承,经遗传而得(特性等)attach v. 系上,附上;依恋;认为augment v. 增大,增加groan v./n. 呻吟,呻吟着表示;承受重压发出的声音declare v. 宣告,声明;断言;申报应纳税物品crush v. 压碎,压坏,弄皱,压垮;挤入lull v. 使安静,变平静;n. 间歇exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张consolidate v. 巩固,加强;把…合为一体rot v./n. 腐烂splash v./n. 溅水,泼水;显示,鼓吹mourn v.哀悼;(对…)感到痛心(或遗憾) evaporate v. 使蒸发,使脱水,消失accelerate v. 加速,变快trample v. 踩,践踏;蔑视,粗暴对待scrape v./n. 刮,擦peel v./n. 剥皮;皮gamble v./n. 赌博;投机overflow v./n. 溢出;泛滥coil v. 盘绕,缠绕;n. 一卷,一圈penetrate v. 穿过;透过;看穿,洞察;秘密潜入overlap v. 与…互搭,与…重叠;与…部分相同sow v. 播种jumble v./n. 混杂,混乱,杂乱breed v. 繁殖,生育;教养;引起;n. 品种,类型indulge v. 放纵,沉迷于muster v. 集合,检阅;鼓起deflect v. 偏斜deserve v. 应得,应受scatter v. 打散;撒,散布distil v. 蒸馏prescribe v. 吩咐使用;开(药)launch v. 使(船)下水,发射(火箭);开始,开办; n. (船)下水,汽艇commute v. 每天(乘火车)往返上班; 定期往返于两地间;减刑;兑换plunge v./n. 投入,插入;跳水convene v. 召集,召唤,集合discharge v./n. 卸货;排出(液体,气体);开(炮等);释放;偿付rally v./n. 集合discriminate v. 区别,区分;歧视falter v. 蹒跚;(声音)发抖;支吾barter v./n. 货物交换,易货贸易embrace v./n. 拥抱;利用;包含contend v. 斗争,竞争;争论stipulate v. 规定,约定sway v./n. 摇摆;统治,支配demonstrate v. 论证,证明;示威distinguish v. 区别,识别;使显赫specialize v. 专门研究stride v./n. 大踏步走leap v. 扑向,欣然接受;n. 跳,跃grope v. 暗中摸索confer v. 协商;授予grab v./n. 攫取,抓取,掠夺ignite v. 点燃;引发fling v./n. 掷,抛;猛烈地移动;投入incorporate v. 结合,合并,组成公司exacerbate v. 加重,恶化revise v. 修订;改正exasperate v. 激怒,使恼火recruit v./n. 招募,吸收excel v. 杰出,胜过,优于jam v. 压紧,夹住;发生故障;塞进;干扰;n. 阻塞物;窘境intrigue v. 策划阴谋;引起…的兴趣或好奇心;n. 阴谋toss v./n. 扔,掷;摇摆exchange v./n. 交换,兑换generalize v. 概括,归纳exclaim v. 呼叫,惊叫burgeon v. 萌芽,发芽;迅速发展decompose v. 分解;腐败,腐烂contribute v. 贡献,捐献;促成;投稿rip v./n. 撕裂,撕开;扯破intensify v. 加强,加剧assemble v. 聚集;装配despatch v. 派遣;发送;匆匆做完jolt v. 颠簸,颠簸而行expand v. (使)扩大,展开;膨胀affiliate v. 使隶属于;使加入huddle v. 挤作一团,乱堆;n. 一堆,一团ease v./n. 减轻,放松,小心移置;舒适cure v. 治愈;加工处理;n. 治愈,疗法;对策knit v. 编织;紧密结合contrive v. 设计,发明;设法;造成eject v. 喷射,排出;驱逐muddle v. (使)混乱,弄糟;n. 糊涂,杂乱grip v./n. 紧握,抓紧,握力;柄;吸引disperse v. 使散开,使疏开,使分散amend v. 改进,修正collapse v./n. 倒坍;(精神)垮下来alter v. 改变,更改affirm v. 断定,肯定buzz v./n. 嗡嗡叫;匆忙行走;耳鸣explode v. (使)爆炸,爆发invest v. 投资,购买;授予impart v. 给予;告知,透露;传授export v. 出口,输出;n. 出口,出口企业,出口品conceive v. 想出(主意);怀孕extend v. 伸出,延长;给予;扩大combine v. 联合;连结;n. 集团,联合企业radiate v. 辐射,(使)从中心发散,发出(光或热);流露,显示bounce v./n. (球等)反跳,弹起,乱冲loll v. 懒洋洋地倚靠,(头等)垂下; n. 游手好闲的人;下垂的东西flirt v. 挥动;调情;n. 调情者;急动bore v. 钻孔;厌烦;n. 孔;口径;惹人厌烦的人accumulate v. 积累,积聚fret v./n. 烦恼,侵蚀corrode v. 腐蚀,侵蚀charge v. 要价;控告,指控;冲锋;充电vibrate v. 摆动;振动circulate v. (使)循环,(使)流通;(使)流传,散布,传播carve v. 雕刻;切(熟肉等)soak v. 浸泡;淋湿dictate v. 听写;口授;命令,支配distend v. (使)扩张,膨胀cruise v. 巡航;以节省燃料的速度前进;n. 乘船巡游clutch v. 抓住,攫住;n. 抓,攫,控制;离合器jog v./n. 轻推,轻撞;缓步前进,慢跑hatch v. 孵出;策划bind v. 捆;使结合;包扎;装钉;使受约束clarify v. 澄清,使液体清洁correlate v. (使)相关联compensate v. 赔偿,补偿choke v. 闷塞,压抑,闷死retort v./n. 反驳,反击condense v. 冷凝,凝结;精简,浓缩advertise v. 做广告apply v. 要求,申请bake v. 烤,烘,烧硬bathe v./n. 浸到水中,游泳bet v./n. 打赌,敢断定bite v./n. 咬,叮,刺,紧握,鱼上钩bleed v. 流血,悲痛,同情boil v. 沸腾,(感情)激动,煮沸bother v./n. 麻烦,打扰cancel v. 删去,取消chew v./n. 嚼,咀嚼compose v. 组成,构成,创作,排字,使安静compute v. 计算,估计concentrate v. 集中,全神贯注于,浓缩 n. 浓缩物dine v. 吃饭,进餐dispatch v./n. (=despatch)派遣,发送,迅速办理,急件forgive v. 原谅,宽恕fry v. 油煎,油炒giggle v./n. 咯咯地笑,傻笑hop v./n. 单足跳,弹跳hum v./n. 嗡嗡叫,嘈杂声interpret v. 解释,说明,认为…的意思,口译lay v. 放,放置,安置,下蛋live v. 活,生活 a. 有生命的,实况的recite v. 背诵,列举recover v. 重新找到,复原,痊愈review v./n. 回顾,检查,评论roast v./a. 烤(的),烘(的)rotate v. 旋转,轮流scan v. 浏览,细看shave v./n. 剃,刮sigh v./n. 叹气sort v. 分类 n. 种类spring v./n. 跳,发芽 n. 春季,泉,弹簧starve v. 挨饿strengthen v. 加强,巩固argue v. 不同意,辩论雅思单词四、副词部分likewise ad. 同样地,也virtually ad. 实际上,事实上presumably ad. 假定地;也许utterly ad. 完全地,十足地hence ad. 从此地,从此时,因此invariably ad. 不变地,永恒地scarcely ad. 仅仅,几乎不gaily ad. 快乐地,娱乐地supposedly ad. 想象上,恐怕readily ad. 乐意地,欣然地;容易地beforehand ad. 预先,事先undoubtedly ad. 无疑地,必是地namely ad. 即,也就是whereby ad. 凭什么,靠那个,借以somewhat ad. 有点儿conversely ad. 相反地,逆地literally ad. 照字义地,逐字地instantaneous ad. 瞬间,霎时duly ad. 适当地,按时地alongside ad./prep. 在旁,靠近anyhow ad. 不论用何种方法,无论如何clockwise ad. 顺时针方向地elsewhere ad. 在别处,向别处henceforth ad. (=henceforward)今后incidentally ad. 偶然地,顺便地moreover ad. 加之,而且nevertheless ad. 然而,不过,仍然nowhere ad. 什么地方都没有piecemeal ad./a. 零碎地,零碎的rarely ad. 难得,非常地thereby ad. 借以,从而。
雅思小作文总结
1.Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998.2.After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by2002.3.改写开头段时有两个或以上的，用compare 代替show illustrate give information about4.Percentage =proportion categories=kinds=types families=households information=data5.The UK = Britain= the United Kingdom6.The number of +可数名词复数=the figure for+ 可数名词复数7.The amount of +不可数名词单数= the figure for+不可数名词单数8.Nearly 17% of the local population was from minority ethnic communities, with the figure forchildren under fifteen considerably higher at 21.6%.9.After slight increases, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure.10.Males=men females=women influence=affect=effect11.Subway system=metro system= underground railway system=underground train system12.Store=shop= retail13.Three different countries=three different countries-----Japan, Sweden and the USA14.The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in aEuropean country between.The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.15.Give information about =show data about主体段16.It is expected to maintain this level until 2030, while the others should rise slightly after2025.17.This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002.18.Grow(grew) steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period.19.Go up increase rise grow20.Experience an upward trend experience a downward trend21.Jump(jumped) ; shoot up(shot up) ; surge (surged) ; soar (soared)22.The spending on research and development soared to 2.7 million pounds in 1990.23.Cost = expense=expenditure=school budget=consumption=spending24.Decline(declined) ; fall(fell); drop(dropped); dip(dipped); decrease（decreased）25.Other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001.26.Plummet 骤然下降plunge 急剧下降27.The average price of tennis racquets plummeted to 79 pounds in 1990.28.Has risen by增长了fell by 下降了declined by29.In the fourth quarter of 201230.Be made up of be composed of consist of comprise/be comprised of31.表示波动：fluctuate fluctuate between …and … fluctuation32.Consumption has fluctuated since 199033.Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase.34.Remain stable at … level off at…hover at…维持在一个水平上35.Its consumption levels remained stable at around 14% over the three decades.36.Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, while after 2014, gas will remain stableat 25 quadrillion units.37.表示经历了某种变化see witness experience38.The cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend. (呈现相反的趋势)39.The unemployment rate in Europe experienced a sharp increase from 2.5% to approximately9% in the late 1970s.40.Peak at reach its peak at reach the highest level at41.Reach its lowest point/level at fall to its lowest point/level at42.Reach 表示达到多少stand at 表示位于多少43.Account for make up represent constitute 表示占多少份额百分比44.This cost decreased to only 15% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001when it represented 23% of the school budget.mercial buildings accounted for 32% of total energy consumption in 2007.46.Expect predict project Something is expected/projected/predicted to47.This is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.48.Double increase twofold increase threefold 变成原来的三倍triple49.Eating disorders饮食失调in women decreased by about 50%, while the figure for mendoubled.50.This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 to 2000, during which time the use ofmobile phones tripled.51.Be twice as high/long/fast/popular as… be three times as…as…52.The average meat consumption was twice as high as the global average.53.Almost doubled more than doubled was nearly three times as high as…54.The gap between…as…narrows/narrowed the gad between…and…widens/widened55.The gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of theperiod.56.Exceed/exceeded 后面接阿拉伯数字或者百分数overtake/overtook后面接比较对象57.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that oflamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.58.表示急剧sharp(sharply) rapid(rapidly) dramatic(dramatically)59.There was a dramatic increase in …60.表示持续gradual(gradually) continuous(continuously) steady(steadily)consistent(consistently)61.Increase steadily was a steady increase drop continuously by62.用动词continue 表示某一趋势继续63.Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase. This is expected tocontinue, reaching 47q in 2030.64.表示显著的大幅度significant substantial/substantially considerable/considerablyNoticeable/noticeably marked/markedlyThe consumption of fast food also declined, but much less significantly.Significantly higher considerably faster65.表示小幅度slight/slightly marginal/marginally minimal极少的minimum最少的66.After slight increases, rise slightly,67.Italy’s spending on personal stereo is only marginally greater than that of Germany.68.The impact of this on North America was minimal, with only 0.2% of land affected.69.表示大约about around approximately just over just under70.In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 and over stood at approximately 7% in Sweden71.表示分别respectively72.From 20q and 50q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase,with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990.73.Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance,constituting 35% and 30% respectively.74.主体段第一句，总体变化趋势/图形由几个部分组成It can be seen from the line graph that the quantities of water used for agricultural, industrial and domestic purposes all increased throughout the century.As we can see from the line graph, the size of the audience fluctuated over the 24 hours.The size of the radio audience also experienced fluctuations over the same period.The pie chart shows that there are four main courses of farmland becoming degraded in the world today.75.结论如果题目里有total（总数）, 在结尾段写。
雅思写作常用写作词汇
Nancy附录二十大话题教育类（education）pulsory education 义务教育2. vocational education 职业教育3. academic performance 学业表现4. non-academic affairs 与学习无关的事情5. puppy/ calf love 早恋6. corporal punishment 体罚7. tuition fee 学费8. parents’ supervision 父母的监督9. individual tutorship 个人辅导10. turning point 转折点11. the pursuit of knowledge 对知识的追求12. maintain / disrupt classroom order 维护、扰乱课堂秩序13. coeducational /single sex establishment 男女共校、单一性别学校14. generation gap 代沟15. indulge in 沉迷（表示“溺爱” 后面直接加宾语）16. play truant 逃学17. school shootings 校园枪击18. broaden one’s horizons 开阔视野19. the hardship and bitterness of life 生活的艰辛和苦难20. appropriate advice and guidance 恰当的建议和指导21. cultivate independence 培养独立性22. a good habit of frugality 节约的好习惯23. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非24. shoulder the responsibility of 肩负…… 的责任25. be prone to do 容易做某事26. go astray 误入歧途27. violate social conventions and laws 违反社会习俗和法律28. cast a shadow on one’s heart 在心中留下阴影29. resist the temptation of 抵制……的诱惑30. interpersonal skills 人际交往的技巧31. peer pressure 同辈的压力32. formative years 性格形成期33. physically and emotionally immature 身心不成熟34. a sense of superiority 优越感35.socially adaptable 能适应社会的36. adjust teaching methods 调整教学方法37. exert a negative impact on 产生消极影响38. juvenile crime=juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪juvenile delinquent 青少年犯罪者39. a sense of belonging 归属感40. qualified and experienced teachers 称职、有经验的老师41. first class teaching facilities 一流的教学设施42. education reform 教育改革科技类（science and technology）1.artificial intelligence 人工智能（artificial 人工的、人造的、非天然的）2.side effects 副作用3.technological revolution 科技革命4.nuclear weapons 核武器5.soil degradation 土壤退化6.industrial mass-production 工业化大生产7.enhance working efficiency and productivity 增强工作效率和生产力8.substitute for humans 替代人类9.intelligent machines 智能机器10.humanization 人性化11.unnerving problems 令人不安的问题12.eye-friendly 对眼睛无害的13.electronic innovation 电子革新14.global village 地球村15.industrial revolution 工业革命16.mechanization 机械化17.automation 自动化18.scientific discovery 科学发现19.cloning technology 克隆技术20.replica of an individual organ 人体器官的复制品an transplant 移植器官22.genetic defect 基因缺陷~ engineering 基因工程~ code 基因密码~ variability 基因变异23.ethically and morally wrong 有悖伦理道德24.space exploration 太空探索25.Global Positioning Systems 全球定位系统26.nanotechnology 纳米技术27.impersonal device 非人性化的设备环境资源类（environment and resources）1.environmental protection (conservation)环境保护environmental conservationist 环保主义者2.human activities 人类活动3.city dwellers 城市居民4.traffic congestion /traffic jam交通堵塞heavy traffic 形容交通拥挤5.disposable products 一次性用品ndfill 垃圾填埋场7.litter collection and disposal 垃圾收集和处理8.deforestation 砍伐森林9.greenhouse effect 温室效应10.acid rain 酸雨11.sand storm 沙尘暴12.solar energy 太阳能13.ban on plastic bags 禁塑令14.maintain the ecological balance 维持生态平衡15.eco-friendly/environmental friendly环保的16.natural disaster 自然灾害17.a natural evolutionary process 自然进化的过程18.short-term profit 短期利益19.sustainable development 可持续发展20.food chain 食物链21.diversity of life 生物多样性22.endangered species 濒危灭绝23.ozone layer 臭氧层24.forceful law and regulations 有力的法律法规25.raise people’s environmental awareness 增强人们的环境意识26.non-profit advertisement 公益广告27.dispose of the rubbish 处理垃圾28.the deterioration of the environment 环境恶化29.animal right activists 动物权益保护者30.wildlife preservation 野生动物保护31.survival of the fittest 适者生存32.turn a blind eye to 视而不见turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻政府类（government）ernment administration 政府管理2.national defense 国防3.high levels of secrecy 高度机密4.financial strength 财力national revenue 国家财政收入national purse support 国家财政支持5.expand domestic demand/ need 扩大内需6.social undertaking 社会事业7.national public health system 全国公共卫生体系8.infrastructure 基础设施9.pilot project 试点项目10.feasible plan 可行的计划11.institutional innovation 体制创新12.economic return 经济效益13.financial crisis 金融危机(economic downturn / slowdown/ slump/ depression/)14.foreign direct investment 外商直接投资15.supporting measures 配套措施16.income gap 收入差距17.promote all-round, balanced and sustainable development of the economy and society 推动经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展ernment mechanism 政府机制19.reduce expenditure 减少开支curtail (vt) 削减20.a beneficial economic cycle 良性经济循环21.expand intra-county economics 壮大县域经济22.carry out the process of urbanization 推动城镇化23.public fitness program 公共健身运动bat the threat of violence to the general public 与对公众产生暴力的威胁斗争25.the true portrayal of what is happening around 是发生在周围事件的真实描绘26.strict regulation严格控制27.non-government sources 非政府渠道28.unshakeable duty （工作上）无法逃避的责任29.both financially and spiritually 经济上和精神上的30.put forward a number of possible solutions 提出一些可行的解决方法31.satellite towns 卫星城镇32.preferential policies to promote the construction of high-rise apartment buildings 优惠政策推动高层公寓住房的修建33.rapid depletion of social security fund and strained financial resources 社会保障资金的快速消耗和紧张的财政资源34.be overly financially dependent 过度的经济依赖35.physical inferiority 体力不支36.pension fund 养老金pension scheme 养老计划37.to downsize government budget 缩减政府预算38.shoulder the share of responsibility 承担共同的责任39.be better off 情况更好40.medical and educational service 医疗和教育服务41.to give top priority 列为重点42.a fair shake 一视同仁43.low-hanging fruit 容易实现的目标44.authorities 当局45.regulate/ administer/ oversee (vt.) 规范，管理46.implement 实施vt.47.legislate（vi）/ make laws 立法48.a democratic and progressive government 民主与开放的政府49.strictly prohibit/ ban v 严禁50.Stringent laws/ legislation 严格的法律51.rules and regulations 规章制度52.allocate money to sth/ subsidize (vt.)/ be a patron of / invest in/ finance(vt)/ fund(vt.)/ dedicate money to sth 为。
雅思小作文笔记(个人整理内容最全)
文章结构：Introduction, 1-2 sentences, rewrite the questionBody1, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字Body2, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字Conclusion, 1-2 sentences, 第一句介绍总数（可不写）；第二句做总结。
开头段：1-2句，转述原题转述原题3法：①添加单词②删除单词③替换单词（注意：改动不需过多，3-4处，即可）原题一句变两句，两句变一句。
全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。
开头段的时态：永远一般现在时【原文】The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.【改写】The diagram gives a breakdown（明细表）about different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.【原文】The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in America and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.改后：The bar chart illustrates the diverse levels of post-school certificates in the US and the percentage of males and females holding them in 1999.Level out (变得水平；持平)Example: In 1985, earnings leveled out amongst people with a Master’s degree and with a Doctoral degree.句型、词汇、短语：As shown in the first/second …….. ,According to the …….. ,Overall, it can be seen thatThis table shows a striking difference/similarity betweenThe most striking feature of the graph is the sudden increase in the popularity in the computer games.Another fact worth noticing in the graph is that …….后面接完整的句子如果要跟名词不加thatAnother fact worth noticing in the graph is the high cost of fuels.The most remarkable point is that …….The graph shows the difference between the percentages注意用复数of males and females doing full-time jobs.在表示百分数时可以用percent或percentage percentage的一个意思就是百分比(名词)就不能直接跟在数词后面,要表示"百分之36"时,只能说"a PERCENTAGE of 36" 而不是"36 PERCENTAGE"(因为percentage只能作名词);前者用法是: 数词+percent+of+sth;这时后面谓语的单复数以percent后面跟的主语为主,例如:2 percent of the apples(这里是复数的可数名词) are(所以用复数) eaten.2 percent of the apple(这里是单数,指的是一个苹果的一部分) is(用单数) eaten.2 percent of the water(这里是不可数名词) is(单数) drunk.后者的用法是The percentage of +sth+ is, 注意这里不管后面跟的是什么词,都用is(这里忽略别的时态)1.The percentage of the students is 46.2.The percentage of the water is 46.The size of the population will increase shaply in the future..75.6 percent of the male population over sixteen ... …16岁以上男性人群的75.6％.A small/large proportion of students are ……..In Britain people spent the smallest amount of money on personal + sth.大量 a large/considerable/substantial number of 可数 a large/considerable/substantial amount of不可数少量 a small/limited/tiny number of a few of a small/limited/tiny amount of a little ofLots of /a lot of /plenty of 即可用于可数也可用于不可数过去一段时间内的情况变化，用过去式。
雅思写作实用分类词汇(老徐雅思)
说明：以下写作词汇全部来自“老徐雅思”新浪博客中的历年考试题目解析和范文。
词汇是造句和写文章的基础。
写作词汇不仅要学习词汇的意思，还要学习词汇如何搭配以及如何造句。
可以把词汇打印出来，从中间折叠起来，看着中文写英文。
以后再看“老徐雅思”的范文会经常看到这些词汇在文章中如何使用。
巩固写作词汇的最好办法就是从范文当中学会词的用法。
第一列是词汇的中文意思，第二列是英文表达，第三列是一些常用搭配，通常指词条中的名词如何与动词搭配。
标有v.的代表动词，注意动词后面有没有介词搭配。
如果有介词搭配的，说明这个词通常是不及物动词。
如果没有介词搭配的，说明这个词通常是及物动词。
个别情况下标注了vi表示不及物动词。
个别地方为了清晰，标注了n.表示名词，标注了adj.表示形容词。
如果没有标注的话，说明词性比较容易判断。
第一列中文含义中如果有“…的”一般是形容词。
词汇不用全背下来，能够记住一半左右，对你的写作就会有很大提高。
教育话题词汇表达：中文含义英文表达常用搭配收获知识Acquire knowledge Impart（传授）学习氛围Academic atmosphere（environment）Create（创造）学术成就Academic achievement Make（取得）学习表现Academic performance Evaluate（评估）学术研究Academic study, scientific research Conduct，do（从事）学习成绩Score Gain, have（取得）考试作弊Cheat in the exam考试（不）合格Pass the exam，fail the exam学术不诚实Academic dishonesty Be punished（受到惩罚）不同科目Various subjects（courses）勤奋学习Be diligent in the studyIndustrious students （勤奋的学生）投入Devote time（money）to sth.学习松懈Slack off（v.）in study专注于学习Focus on （concentrate on）their study Be absorbed in（专注于）干扰Distract sb. from doing sthGet distracted by sth.Distraction （n.）制定目标Set goals Higher goals（更高的目标）实现目标Achieve their goals Accomplish 替换achieve学习资源Learning resources Abundant（丰富的）正确的学习态度 A positive attitude towards study Develop（建立）, change（改变）宽广的知识面 A wide scope of knowledge Enlarge the scope ofknowledge扎实的基础 A solid foundation Lay, build（打基础）涉猎不同科目Dabble in（v.）different subjects批判思维Critical thinking Develop（发展）, cultivate(培养)适合Suit（v.）; be suitable for掌握知识Master（v.）what has been taught Master可替换command，grasp促进学术交流Promote （v.）academic exchange考试为中心的教育Exam-oriented education Receive（接受）学习方式Learning style死记硬背Learn（v.）by rote; rote learning记忆公式和方程式Memorize formulas and equations填鸭式教学Cramming method of teaching Adopt（采用）获得大学文凭Obtain university qualification招收学生Enroll （v.）students Enrollment（招生量）专业知识Specialized knowledge Specialized subject（专业课）专长于Specialize in（v.）全才Generalist Become（成为）专才Specialist必修课，选修课Compulsory （elective, optional）course Learn （学习）文科Liberal arts理科Science subjects基础科学Basic sciences应用科学Applied sciences职业教育Vocational education全面发展Comprehensive （overall）developmentBecome versatile people补习班Cram school Attend, go to（参加）辍学Drop out of school学龄儿童School age children学校教育Schooling（n.）上学Attend school; go to school量身定制的课程Tailor-made course互动Interact with（v.）反馈Feedback Get, have, receive按能力分班Segregate （v.）studentsSeparate（v.）students according totheir levels启发学生Inspire （v.）studentsGive students inspiration开阔视野Broaden their horizonsHave a broader view of lifeHave a better understanding of lifeGain a deep insight into the worldGet a new perspective of the world积累经验Accumulate （v.）experience Gain（获得）experienceBe experienced in….理论用于实践Put theory into practiceApply theoretical knowledge to practice实用技能Practical （useful）skills Learn，acquire，master（掌握）就业技能Employable（Marketable）skills领导能力Leadership skills Develop (发展)Adaptability适应社会Adapt to the societyAdjust oneself to the societyBecome accustomed to the society找工作Find jobs，find employmentGet employed提高就业能力Increase their employability人才市场Job marketStiff，intense替换fierce竞争激烈Fierce competitionHighly （fiercely）competitive society职业发展Career development职业前景Career prospects成为社会有用的人Become a valuable (useful) member ofthe society合格的Be qualified for; be competent in成功Succeed in; become successful inMake success in谋生Earn a living, make a living养家Support the familyContribute to the family income志愿者活动Volunteer activities Participate in（参加）Get involved in做有偿劳动Do paid workUndertake（从事）Full-time（全职）part-time（兼职）挣学费Earn tuition feeBecome economically independent理财能力The ability to manage their finance Improve，develop（提高）学习责任心Learn responsibilities培养独立性Become more independentDevelop independence承受压力Suffer from stress Relieve（缓解）, ease, reduce 看电视的时间Screen timeThe amount of time spent in watching TV课外活动Extracurricular activitiesAfter-school activities Take part in （参加）Participate in体育活动Sports activities，physical exercise Take part in, participate in开发智力Develop intelligencebecome more intelligent社交能力Social skills Communication skills（交流技能）同伴Peer Peer pressure（同龄人压力）竞争Compete with（v.）sense of competition （竞争意识）合作Cooperate with（v.）团队精神Team spirit为集体做贡献Contribute to （v.）the team跟上同学Keep up with （v.）their classmates交换思想Exchange ideas分享共同话题Share common topics成长期Formative years青春期Adolescence，teens Adolescent，teenagers（青少年）好奇心Be curious about，curiosity Out of curiosity (出于好奇)自控能力Self-control Have（有）, lack（缺乏）身心健康Physical and psychological health判断对错的能力The ability to judge right from wrong性格Personality Shape（塑造），influence（影响）,mould one’s character 个性Individuality Lose (失去)乐观Be optimistic about+名词Be optimistic that + 从句悲观Be pessimistic about+名词Be pessimistic that + 从句信心Confidence Build（建立），lose（失去）自尊Self-esteem High（强），low（弱）兴趣Interest Have（lose）interest in…Out of interest (出于兴趣)有热情Have passion for，have enthusiasm for Dampen（打消）…有动力Be motivated to，have motivation to do追求Pursue（v.）Pursue the ideal（追求理想）纪律Rule Obey （遵守）Disobey；violate（违反）纪律Discipline Have，learn攻击性Aggressive，aggression Show aggressive behavior道德标准（准则）Moral standard（principle）Increase（提高）有创造力的Creative Stifle creativity（扼杀创造力）有想象力的Imaginative Develop imagination 培养想象力创新Innovate in（v.）Make innovation in，be innovative in推理能力Reasoning ability Develop，enhance （培养）记忆Memorize（v.）良好的记忆力 A good memory Have诚实的Honest正直的Righteous天真的，无辜的Innocent坚韧的Tenacious易受伤害的Vulnerable沮丧的Frustrated，depressed自私的Selfish，self-centered无私的Selfless，unselfish体贴的Considerate Inconsiderate（不体贴的）传统价值观念Traditional values Follow, inherit（继承）尊敬老师Respect （v.）Have respect（n.）for优点Strength，strong point Draw on（借鉴）缺点Weakness，weak point Overcome（克服）Make up for（弥补）天生的才能Innate(inborn) talent(ability) Have敏感的、易受影响的Sensitive，impressionable模仿Imitate（v.）嫉妒Envy（v.），be jealous of物质方面攀比Compete in （v.）material things孤独感Sense of isolation，sense of loneliness上瘾get addicted to sth.（v.）Addiction痴迷于Be obsessed with（v.）；indulge in（v.）行为不好Poor behavior；disruptive behavior Show（表现出）反社会行为Anti-social behavior漠不关心Be indifferent to欺负Bully (v.)使用暴力Use violence School violence校园暴力嘲笑Make fun of (v.)；laugh at（v.）生理缺陷Physical defect（handicaps）和人打架Get into（v.）fights误入歧途Go astray，be led astray与坏人交往Associate with（v.）bad companions叛逆的Rebellious过度饮酒Excessive drinking穿校服Wear （v.）school uniform炫耀Show off （v.）虚荣心Vanity Out of vanity优于Be superior to Sense of superiority（优越感）劣于Be inferior to Sense of inferiority（自卑感）辅导Coach （n.）（v.）树立良好榜样Set（v.） a good example表扬Praise（v.）批评Criticize（v.）Give constructive criticism（给出建设性的批评意见）培养Cultivate（v.）养育Raise（v.），foster（v.），nurture（v.）父母的爱Parental love and care家长对孩子的教育Parenting （n.）溺爱Spoil（v.）纵容Connive at （v.）Be permissive with children干涉，干预Interfere with（v.）；intervene in（v.）施加控制Exercise（v.）too much control overchildren制定规则Set （v.）rules for childrenImpose （v.）rules and regulations onchildren限制Restrict（v.）授权Empower（v.）Empower sb. to do sth.有一定的自主权Have a degree of autonomy体罚Corporal punishment心理阴影Psychological shadow富裕的家庭Rich（wealthy，affluent）family不富裕的家庭Less well-off family，low income family采取合理防范Take （v.）sensible precautions提供合理的指导Provide（v.）appropriate guidance提高意识Be more aware ofRaise（v.）the awareness科技环境类词汇表达：网络教学Internet-based teachingDistance learning教室教学Classroom-based teachingConventional school不受时间和空间的限制Be not subject to time and geographical restrictions成熟的技术sophisticated technology 尖端技术Cutting-edge technology科技进步Technological advances科技创新Technological innovation信息时代The information age（era）方便Convenient (adj.), convenience (n.)舒适Comfortable (adj.), comfort (n.)效率Efficient (adj.), efficiency (n.)灵活Flexible (adj.), flexibility (n.)上网Surf（v.）the Internet浏览网站Browse（v.）the website虚拟空间Virtual space互联网的广泛使用The widespread (extensive) use of theInternetThe advent of the InternetThe proliferation of the Internet更多渠道获取信息Have more access to informationAccess（v.）more information网络数据库On-line database网络图书馆On-line library电子书Electronic books存储大量信息Store（v.）enormous informationInformation storage充斥着Be inundated with不良信息Harmful（detrimental）informationContain (包含)Obscene information上瘾Get addicted to（v.）, addiction（n.）损害视力Damage（v.）the eyesight变得近视Become nearsighted社交网站Social network site面对面交流Face-to-face communication社会孤立Social isolation，become isolated保持联系Stay in touch with（v.）；contact（v.）没有地理阻碍Without geographical barrier侵入私人生活Invade（v.）people’s private lives生产线Assembly line人工智能Artificial intelligence机器生产的产品Machine-made （反义词handmade）自动化Automation，automatically（自动地）发射卫星Launch（v.）the satellite太空技术Space technology探索太空Explore（v.）the outer space便宜航空Cheap air travel先进的交通工具Advanced means of transport Mode可替换means 核电站Nuclear power station核废料Nuclear waste核辐射Nuclear radiation泄漏Leak（v.），leakage化石燃料Fossil fuel储量Reserves开采(勘探) Exploit（v.）, prospect（v.）能源短缺Energy shortage（crisis）气候变化Climate change Combat, curb（遏制）全球变暖Global warming Accelerate（加速）污染物Pollutant Discharge, release （释放）排放污水Discharge（v.）waste water垃圾处理Waste disposalDispose of（v.）the waste垃圾分类Classify（v.）the wasteSort（v.）the garbage不可回收的产品Disposable product, throw-away product汽车尾气Exhaust fumes （n.）有毒有害物质Toxic and harmful substance Contain （含有）危害健康Pose a threat to （v.）people’s healthCause（v.）damage to people’s health排放Emit（v.），emission Reduce emission（减少排放）温室气体Greenhouse gas Emit（排放）二氧化碳Carbon dioxide酸雨Acid rain沙尘暴Sand storms雾霾Smoggy weather, haze森林减少Deforestation砍伐树木Fell（v.）woods耗尽自然资源Deplete（v.）natural resources恶化Deteriorate（vi.），become worse导致严重后果Lead to serious consequences化肥农药Fertilizer and pesticide地下水Underground water浪费Waste, squander（v.）（n.）灌溉系统Irrigation system Build（修建）栖息地Habitat Destroy（破坏）海洋生物Marine life濒危物种Endangered species灭绝Extinction, become extinct, die out（v.）偷猎Illegal hunting, poaching生态系统Ecosystem生态平衡Ecological balance Maintain（维护）自然保护区Nature reserve Establish（建立）可持续发展Sustainable development Achieve （实现）节约能源Conserve（v.）the energy, energyconservation可再生能源Renewable energy, clean fuel Develop （开发）替代品Alternative替代Replace（v.）使用水力发电Use hydro power to generate electricity电动汽车Electric cars低碳生活Low carbon lifestyle Lead提高环保意识Raise（v.）public’s awareness ofenvironment protection修复对环境造成的损害Remedy（v.）the damage to the environment环保产品Environment-friendly product节能科技Energy-saving technology制定国际标准Set（v.）international standards签署协议Sign（v.）agreements工作家庭生活类词汇表达：繁重的Arduous重复的Repetitive单调的Monotonous Tedious，boring（替换词）不断的跳槽Constant job-hoppingChange（v.）jobs frequently流动性Mobility找工作Job hunting申请Apply for （v.）胜任Be competent for，be qualified for工作单位Workplace获得提升Get promotions建立人脉关系Establish（v.）wide connections铁饭碗Permanent job员工福利Employees’ welfare休假Take a vacation Take time off（v.）安全感Sense of security满足感Sense of fulfillment满意度Sense of satisfaction同事Colleague关系紧张Tense relationship对公司忠诚Be loyal to the company（loyalty）Disloyal（反义词）失业率Unemployment rate招收Recruit（v.）职位空缺Vacancy被解雇Be laid off（v.）职业发展Career development公司运营Company’s operation为公司服务Serve（v.）the company接受挑战Take（v.）challenges工作狂Workaholic工作量Workload Heavy追逐名利Pursue（v.）fame and wealth成年期Adulthood变得冷漠Become apathetic to othersBe indifferent to others变得疏远Become alienatedAlienate（v.），alienation生病Get（v.）sick，fall（v.）ill家务活Housework，household chores核心家庭Nuclear family几代同堂Several generations live（v.）under the sameroof生孩子Give birth to（v.）怀孕Get pregnant，pregnancy（n.）团聚Reunite with（v.），reunion（n.）祖先Ancestor族谱Family tree家庭凝聚力Family cohesion Enhance，strengthen（增强）养老Support（v.）the old people退休Retire（v.），retirement，retiree（退休老人）Retire from thecompany法定退休年龄The statutory retirement age分开Be separated from和谐的Harmonious社区Community住所Place of residence观念的改变Change of conception文化活动Cultural activities Organize （组织）公益广告Public interest advertisement Produce（制作）生活节奏Pace of life生活模式Life pattern，lifestyle营养Nutrition；nutrient；nutritional food添加剂Additive（n.）防腐剂Preservative成分、配料Ingredient家常饭菜Home-made food肥胖Obesity，become obese Lead to，cause（引起）糖尿病Diabetes不健康的生活方式Unhealthy lifestyle Lead保持健康Stay healthy含有Contain（v.）, content（含量）摄取量Intake甜食Sugary food方便食品Convenience food洗碗Wash dishes破坏食欲Spoil（v.）one’s appetite减肥Lose（v.）weight增重Gain（v.）weight焦虑Anxiety，be anxious about失眠Insomnia Suffer from广告媒体政府文化犯罪类词汇表达：名牌产品branded products冲动地购物buy（v.）products impulsively刺激消费Stimulate（v.）consumption抵挡诱惑resist（v.）the temptation给产品做广告advertise（v.）the products针对儿童的广告advertisement targeted（aimed）atchildren夸大产品的质量exaggerate（v.）the quality of theproducts促销Boost（promote）（v.）the sales知名度Popularity推出新产品Launch（v.）new products广告活动Advertising campaign判断广告的真实性judge （v.）whether the advertisement istrue or falsemake a judgment about the truthfulnessof the advertisement失去判断能力lose（v.）their judgment误导消费者Mislead（v.）consumers渗透到生活的各个方面penetrate into（v.）every aspect of our life洗脑Brainwash（v.）商业广告Commercials代言产品Endorse（v.）the product跟风Follow（v.）the trend消费习惯Spending habit Have （有）购买决定Buying decision Make（做）必需品Necessities奢侈的Luxurious，extravagant过时的Out of fashion；obsolete吸引人们注意Attract （v.）people’s attention繁荣Boom（n），economic prosperity（n.）Promote (促进)管理经验Managerial experience大众媒体Mass media订阅Subscribe to（v.）发行Circulate（n.）；Circulation传播信息Disseminate（v.）information新闻报道News report播放电视节目Broadcast （v.）TV programs谣言的传播spread of rumor适当的媒体监管moderate censorship of the media歪曲Distort（v.）捏造Fabricate（v.）记者Journalist公正的Unbiased可信的Credible，credibility媒体暴力Media violence Control (控制)细节的描述Detailed account of披露Disclose（v.）；reveal（v.）预算Budget A tight budget财政负担Financial burden Lead to；cause（导致）资金不足Be underfunded资助Fund（v.）；subsidize（v.）分配资源Allocate（v.）the resources税收Tax revenue Increase（增加）创造就业Create（v.）jobs劳动力Labor force福利Welfare，well-being Improve（改善）相关部门Relevant authorities实施政策Implement（v.）the policy垄断Monopolize（v.）；monopoly（n.）优惠政策Preferential policy官僚主义Bureaucracy腐败Corruption，corrupt Prevent（防止）；root out（根除）滥用，挪用Abuse（v.），misuse（v.），appropriate（v.）介入Step in（v.）to do sth.行政管理Administration Improve（改善）收税Levy（v.）tax制定法律Enact（v.）the law投资Invest in （v.）doing sth.基础设施Infrastructure，basic facilities城市化Urbanization为了公共利益For the public interests有义务Be obligated to do权利和义务Rights and obligations社会文明Social civilization建造Build（v.），construct（v.）维护Maintain（v.），maintenance（n.）地标Landmark美学价值Aesthetic value文化象征Cultural identity文物Cultural relics文化遗产Cultural heritage Preserve（保护）宝贵财富Valuable assets开发利用Exploit（v.），exploitation景点Tourist sites，tourist attractions历史遗迹Historical site自然景观Natural scenery；Natural landscape容纳Accommodate（v.）旅行社Travel agency免票进入Free admissionBe admitted to the museum（进入博物馆）free of charge （免费）展览Exhibition，exhibit（展品n.）陈列物品Display（v.）objects收费高Charge（v.） a high price文化差异（冲击）Cultural difference，culture shock Diminish（消除），avoid（避免）文化交流Cultural exchange Promote，enhance（促进）文化融合Cultural integration文化多样性Cultural diversity Protect （保护）习俗Custom禁忌Taboo尴尬Embarrassment （n.）Feel embarrassed about冒犯Offend（v.）共存Coexist（vi.），coexistence（n.）跨国公司Transnational company跨境的Cross-border过剩的产品Surplus products全球化Globalization性别平等Gender equality Promote （促进）不平等Inequality种族歧视Racial discrimination Eliminate（消除）民族Ethnic groups偏见Prejudice Have prejudice against不发达国家Underdeveloped countriesLess developed countries移民Immigrant（人）migrate（vi.），migration定居Settle down（v.）卫星城市Satellite city摩天大楼Skyscraper住宅楼Residential building商业楼Commercial building耐用性Durability实用性Practicality外观Exterior appearance危楼Dilapidated building四合院Courtyard houses拆除Dismantle（v.），demolish（v.）空置的Vacant建筑Architecture美化Beautify（v.）罪犯Criminal / prisoner / violator犯罪Commit (v.) / perpetrate (v.) crimes违法Violate (v.) / break (v.) the law惩罚Punish (v.) ; punishmentPenalize (v.); penalty免于惩罚Escape (v.) punishmentExempt (v.) sb. from punishment进监狱Go to prison; send sb. to prison / jailImprison (v.)震慑某人Deter (v.) sb. from doing sth.Have a deterrent effect on sb.打击Crack down on (v.); combat (v.)消除Eliminate (v.)根除Root out (v.)警惕的Be cautious against正义Justice Uphold; maintain （维护）公平Equity / fairness （n.）Equitable / fair （adj.）。
托福雅思写作句型必背
托福雅思写作句型必背(总12页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除EVA句型团笔记DAY 1(主系表句型)平庸，甚至错误句型：there are more and more people study abroad[2个谓语动词]with the development of technology, friends become more and more important[没有逻辑关系]英文思维：主次分明，注重逻辑；（效率／不会产生歧义）主语：发出动作宾语：动作的接受者思维决定了语言表达中英文句型直观的差异：1.语序——先主干，后次要2.词性和成分一一对应——动词五大句子基本类型：1. 主谓2. 主谓宾3. 主系表4. 主谓宾1宾25. 主谓宾宾补核心思维：主系表句型eg1:新鲜空气对健康有益Fresh air is beneficial to health.Health can benefit from fresh air a lot.Fresh air contributes to promoting health.注意：有许多系动词可以使用，be动词是其中较为简单的一种。
句型一： A（人／物）+ be. + adj.（怎么回事） + to B（针对于谁来说）注意点：1. Be 2. 位置，语序A is beneficial/harmful/detrimental/superior/inferior to Beg2.过度的工作对工作者的身体有害(overwork v.)Excessive work is detrimental to worker’s health.Working for excessive hours does harm to worker’s health.It is unhealthy for workers to work excessively.Overworking throws shadow on worker’s health.英文基本原则：一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词eg3. 在家里工作比在办公室工作更好Working at home pales in front of office working.Working at home is superior to working at office.(结构的平行和公正)句型2: A is vulnerable /subject to BA易受B的影响 A取决于BEg4:新生特别容易受到学校里消极影响的伤害Freshmen are (especially) subject/vulnerable to negative school influences. Freshmen are susceptible to be negatively impacted by campus violence. Eg5: 经济学人：川普说美国的一个中国政策是可以再次被讨论的。
雅思常见不及物动词搭配
雅思跟介词搭配的不及物动词count on 依靠embark on上路gamble on以……打赌insist on坚持……rely on依靠theorize on 对……推理，对……建立理论harp on 老提到……calculate on 指望，依靠concentrate on 集中到……depend on依靠reckon on盼望，指望……account for 说明，解释……answer for回答……apologize for为……道歉suffer for为……受苦pay for 为……付钱look for 寻找atone for补偿，赔偿make up for补偿stand for代表compensate for 补偿abstain from 有意回避，弃权desist from 停止refrain from抑制，忍住shrink from 回避suffer from 受苦，患病benefit from 获益于flinch from 退缩escape from 从……逃开approve of 同意boast of 吹牛consist of 由……组成despair of 失望dream of 梦想做某事repent of 忏悔，懊悔believe in 相信……persevere in 坚持……revel in 陶醉，着迷于……succeed in 在某方面成功delight in 为……高兴join in 加入……participate in 参加……persist in 坚持……specialize in 专门从事某事，在某方面专长aim at 瞄准于……chafe at 恼怒，不满frown at 向……皱眉头scowl at 沉下脸……，对……皱眉laugh at 嘲笑smile at向……微笑work at 从事于……，用功于……look at 看着……attend to 参加……certify to 证明……allude to 暗示……confess to 承认……descend to 下降到……object to 反对……react to 对某事作出反应refer to 提到……resort to 求助，采用……see to 检查……submit to 提交……testify to 表明，说明……turn to 转向……fall to 下跌，减弱。