2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2016年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷 (总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00) 1.Whenever possible, Ina ______how well she speaks Japanese. （分数：2.00） A.shows up B.shows around C.shows off √ D.shows out 解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。show up意为“显现，显出”。show around意为“参观……”。show off意为“炫耀，卖弄”，符合题意，故为答案。show out意为“送出(客人)”。句意为：无论什么时候，只要有可能艾娜都会炫耀她日语说得多么好。 2.As the director can't come to the reception, I'm representing the company______. （分数：2.00） A.on his account B.on his behalf √ C.for his part D.in his interest 解析：解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。逗号前后为因果关系。on his account意为“为了他的缘故”。on his behalf意为“以他的名义，代表他”，符合题意，故为答案。for his part意为“至于他，对他来说”。in his interest表示“符合他的利益”。句意为：由于主管不能来参加这个接待会，所以我代表他担任本公司的代表。 3.The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ______are. （分数：2.00） A.payments B.charges √ C.funds D.prices 解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。payment意为“付款，偿还”。charge意为“要价，收费，费用”。freight charge为固定搭配，表示“货运费”，故答案为[B]项。fund意为“资金；基金”。price意为“价格”。 4.The ball ______two or three times before rolling down the slope. （分数：2.00） A.swayed B.bounced √ C.hopped D.darted 解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。sway意为“摇动，摆动”。bounce意为“反跳，反弹； (球)弹起”，符合题意，故为答案。hop意为“(人)单脚跳；(小动物)跳跃”。dart意为“猛冲，飞奔”。 5.He has been transferred to the University of Maryland Medical Center and is waiting to ______surgery. （分数：2.00） A.undergo √ B.unfold C.underestimate D.undertake 解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。undergo意为“经历；接受；遭受；忍受”，undergo surgery意为“接受手术”，符合题意，故答案为[A]项。unfold意为“打开；展现”。underestimate意为“低估，看轻”。undertake意为“着手做；承担；从事”。句意为：他已被转移到马里兰大学医学中心，正等待接受外科手术。 6.We hold these truths to be self-______: that all men are created equal. （分数：2.00） A.essential B.eternal C.evident √ D.exquisite 解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。essential意为“必要的；必不可少的；极其重要的；本质的”。eternal意为“不朽的；永久的；永恒的；无休止的”。evident意为“清楚的；显而易见的；显然的”，self-evident意为“不证自明的，不言而喻的”，符合题意，故为答案。exquisite意为“精美的；精致的；剧烈的；强烈的”。句意为：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人生来就是平等的。 7.The bear clawed the hunter within ______of his life. （分数：2.00） A.close B.reach C.a space D.an inch √ 解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。within an inch of为固定搭配，意为“差点儿；十分接近；几乎”。句意为：熊差一点把猎人撕碎。 8.The third candidate is a______. She's new to politics and is just beginning her campaign. （分数：2.00） A.white elephant B.dark horse √ C.sleeper D.big hit 解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。white elephant意为“昂贵而无用的东西，华而不实的东西”。dark horse意为“黑马(最近刚取得或将要取得成功的新人)”。sleeper意为“出乎意料的成功者；爆冷门的人或事物”。big hit意为“热门；很受欢迎的人或事物”。根据空格后的句子“她是一个政坛新手，刚刚开始她的竞选活动”判断，空格所在句应表示“第三位候选人是匹黑马”，[B]项符合题意，故为答案。 9.We go to the Summer Palace on foot______. （分数：2.00） A.on purpose B.on occasions √ C.on behalf D.on trial 解析：解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。on purpose意为“故意地”。on occasions意为“间或，有时”。on behalf意为“代表”。on trial意为“在试验中；在受审”。根据句意判断，只能用表示频率的短语修饰“步行去颐和园”，故答案为[B]项。 10.It was cloudy this morning, but it ______fine. （分数：2.00） A.turned on B.turned over C.turned up D.turned out √ 解析：解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。turn on意为“打开”。turn over意为“翻身，翻转；把……移交”。turn up意为“出现，到场，出席；调大(音量等)”。turn out意为“结果是，证明是；(天气突然)变得(晴好)”，符合题意，故为答案。句意为：早晨还是阴天，但突然又转晴了。 11.In his ______to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space. （分数：2.00） A.attempt √ B.expedition C.trial D.chase 解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。attempt意为“尝试；试图”，in one's attempt to为固定搭配，意为“尝试、试图做某事”，符合题意，故答案为[A]项。expedition意为“远征”。trial意为“审理；试用；预赛”。chase意为“追逐”。句意为：为了加深对宇宙的了解，人类已经开始探索太空。 12.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ______almost two hours later. （分数：2.00） A.designation B.destiny C.destination √ D.dignity 解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。空前的arrived at提示，本空应填表示“地点”的名词，故答案为destination“目的地”。designation意为“指派，指定；命名”。destiny意为“命运”。dignity意为“尊严”。句意为：公共汽车在浓雾中缓慢地移动，我们几乎两个小时之后才到达目的地。 13.The nuclear family ______a self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children. （分数：2.00） A.refers to √ B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 解析：解析：本题考查动词(短语)辨析。分析题干句可知，空后内容为对the nuclear family(核心家庭)的解释，故refers to(指的是)为答案。define意为“解释，阐明，给……下定义”。describe意为“描写，形容”。devote to意为“把……献给，贡献于”。句意为：“核心家庭”指的是由父亲、母亲和孩子组成的独立的、自我满足的单元。 14.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are______ by social isolation and loneliness. （分数：2.00） A.reproached B.favored C.plagued √ D.reprehended 解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。reproach意为“责备，责怪”。favor意为“支持，赞成”。plague意为“困扰；使烦恼；折磨”，符合题意，故为答案。reprehend意为“批评，指责”。句意为：一些民意调查显示，大约2／3的公众认为，美国老年人受到被社会隔离和孤独的困扰。 15.The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich ______of folk arts. （分数：2.00） A.heritage √ B.heredity C.heroism D.hermitage
2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年扬州大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．Our dreams will sometimes be______and our ethereal hopes blasted.A．smashedB．shatteredC．crushedD．squashed正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。
根据空后的and our ethereal hopes blasted(并且我们飘渺的希望破灭)可判断，本空所填动词应与blasted并列，且意思相近，故shatter(使(希望、信念，信心)破灭，粉碎)为答案。
smash意为“(有意识地)打碎，打烂”，指破裂为许多支离破碎的碎片，多用指易碎事物。
crush意为“压碎，碾碎，弄皱”，指用力把东西压破或变形。
squash意为“压碎，挤压，紧压”，指某物受力被压扁或压碎，也指塞挤。
2．The attack is being seen as a deliberate attempt to______the peace talks.A．razeB．sabotageC．demolishD．disintegrate正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。
根据语义推断，“攻击”应该是被看作“破坏和平对话”，故只有sabotage(阴谋破坏，蓄意破坏)符合语义，为答案。
raze意为“把(建筑或城镇)夷为平地，彻底摧毁”。
demolish意为“驳倒，推翻(某人的观点或论点)；摧毁，拆毁，拆除(建筑物等)”。
disintegrate意为“崩溃，瓦解”。
3．—When were your legs injured?—It was on a Sunday last month______my father and I spent our holiday at the seaside.A．thatB．asC．whileD．when正确答案：D解析：本题考查定语从句。
2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______.A．careB．easeC．tempoD．dignity正确答案：B解析：本题考查名词辨析。
you can do it well意为“你会做好它”，with great______ 与此并列，意义上应该与此接近。
with great care意为“小心翼翼地”。
with great ease意为“轻而易举地”，符合题意，故答案为[B]项。
with great tempo 意为“以极大的速度”；with great dignity意为“威风凛凛”。
如果填入care，tempo 或dignity，与you can do it well的语义不符，故均排除。
2．She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.A．dropped outB．went out of her wayC．gave wayD．got down正确答案：B解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。
drop out意为“离开，退出”。
go out of one’s way意为“不怕麻烦；特地”。
give way意为“撤退；让路；退让；垮掉”。
get down 意为“沮丧；落下；吞下；写下”。
本句意为：为了保证她在美国出生的女儿长大后不会对中国文化很生疏，她______找寻有关祖国的新鲜事。
2016年手译
2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart A:Text 1It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said TomCortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or -determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a car eer change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language theylearned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn —how to think logically through a problem and organize the results —apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to ______.[A] complete future job training[B] remodel the way of thinking[C] formulate logical hypotheses[D] perfect artwork production22. In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their ______.[A] experience[B] academic backgrounds[C] career prospects[D] interest23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ______.[A] help students learn other computer languages[B] have to be upgraded when new technologies come[C] need improving when students look for jobs[D] enable students to make big quick money24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______.[A] compete with a future army of programmers[B] stay longer in the information technology industry[C] become better prepared for the digitalized world[D] bring forth innovative computer technologies25. The word “coax”[A] challenge[B] persuade[C] frighten[D] misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens — a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands — once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for man aging the species,” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric.Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far, environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough.“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is ______.[A] its drastically decreased population[B] the underestimate of the grassland acreage[C] a desperate appeal from some biologists[D] the insistence of private landowners27. The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it ______.[A] was a give-in to governmental pressure[B] would involve fewer agencies in action[C] granted less federal regulatory power[D] went against conservation policies28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they[A] agree to pay a sum for compensation[B] volunteer to set up an equally big habitat[C] offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job[D] promise to raise funds for USFWS operations29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is ______.[A] the federal government[B] the wildlife agencies[C] the landowners[D] the states30. Jay Lininger would most likely support ______.[A] industry groups[B] the win-win rhetoric[C] environmental groups[D] the plan under challengeText 3That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché.But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: There’s never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient.The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carrya book with you at all times.”But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning —or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need.The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmin gly inclined towardcommunication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.”Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely bybecoming more efficient.I n fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting.Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading — useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind.“The future comes at u s like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading.You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.”You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too— providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care ofbusiness, before dropping back down.On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques don’t work because ______.[A] what they can offer does not ease the modern mind[B] what challenging books demand is repetitive reading[C] what people often forget is carrying a book with them[D] what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to ______.[A] update their to-do lists[B] make passing time fulfilling[C] carry their plans through[D] pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps ______.[A] encourage the efficiency mind-set[B] develop online reading habits[C] promote ritualistic reading[D] achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if ______.[A] reading becomes your primary business of the day[B] all the daily business has been promptly dealt with[C] you are able to drop back to business after reading[D] time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be ______.[A] How to Enjoy Easy Reading[B] How to Find Time to Read[C] How to Set Reading Goals[D] How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations thatwill increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting o ut today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life”face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technicianfrom the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college.Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford t o pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.”Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is ______.[A] trying out different lifestyles[B] having a family with children[C] working beyond retirement age[D] setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to ______.[A] favor a slower life pace[B] hold an occupation longer[C] attach importance to pre-marital finance[D] give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by the young will ______.[A] become increasingly clear[B] focus on materialistic issues[C] depend largely on political preferences[D] reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that ______.[A] good-paying jobs are less available[B] the old made more life achievements[C] housing loans today are easy to obtain[D] getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider?[A] He found a dream job after graduating from college.[B] His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.[C] His parents’ good life has little to do with a college degree.[D] He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging.Part B:As adults, it seems that we’re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don’t need self-helpbooks or therapy.Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively, and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps it’s time to learn a few lessons from them.What does a child do when he's sad? He cries. When he’s angry? He shouts. Scared?Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don’t dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones.That’s about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then——again, like children——move on.A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, gota Superman T-shirt for Christmas.It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldn’t stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job, bigger house or better car will he the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.Have you ever noticed how much children laugh?If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts andeven have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.The problem with being a grownup is that there’s an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with- work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner.But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and it’s important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?) -it doesn't matter, so long as they’re enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if you’re on a tight budget.Having said all of the above, it’s important to add that we shouldn’t try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing.As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.”And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live.Section III TranslationThe supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible withinits doors.The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff you'll see, and the more stuff you see, the more you'll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff.The average supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload.According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quickly become too much for us.After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.。
2016年下半年翻译专业资格英语三级《笔译综合能力》考试真题试卷
翻译三级笔译综合能力真题2016年下半年ⅠVocabulary and Grammar(60pionts)This section consists of3parts.Read the directions for each part before answering the questions.Part1Vocabulary SelectionIn this part,there are20incomplete sentences.Below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word which best completes each sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)1、Many people find Stanley Jordan's music entertaining.Listening to it helps them to relax and to______the tensions they feel at the end of the day.A.alterB.alleviateC.allureD.alternate2、In many parts of East Africa at that time,wild animals were so______ that it was almost impossible for a photographer to approach close enough to film them.rgeB.rareC.numerousD.wary3、The finest films of the silent era depended on two______that we can seldom provide today-a large and receptive audience and a well-orchestrated score.A.gradientsB.focusesC.elementsD.thoughts4、Despite their seemingly______architecture,the pyramids of Giza are actually intricate marvels of ancient engineering.A.romanticplexC.classicalD.simplistic5、Her pregnancy was not easy:the typical morning sickness that often______ the first three months affected her every day for nine months.A.confrontedB.harmonizedC.accompaniedD.developed6、Any scientist who is not a hypocrite will admit the important part that______plays in the scientific discovery.A.projectB.researchC.geniusD.luck7、We must be committed______the deep greenhouse gas reductions since we need to avoid the worst outcomes of climate change.A.onB.withC.inD.to8、When I was15,my brother,and then my father,were all______ill,both with brain tumors.Instead of going to school,I had to stay at home and look after them.A.treatedB.struckC.announcedD.driven9、In Charles Dickens'A Christmas Carol,Scrooge is a particularly______ character,refusing to give his assistant a raise,despite his enormous wealth.A.meanB.amiableC.generousD.notorious10、Classroom observation was,no doubt,the most direct means of gaining ______into teachers'English language instruction as well as learners' classroom behavior.A.intrusionB.insightC.intuitionD.interview11、Although some insist that all behaviors are learned,there are others who hold that some behaviors are______,existing before any learning occurs.A.negligentB.durableC.innateD.customary12、Most house fires can be avoided through such simple______as proper education and a well-placed fire extinguisher.A.proceduresB.prohibitionsC.precautionsD.processes13、No matter how______snowmobiles are driven,they are capable of damaging the land over which they travel.A.dangerouslyB.seriouslyC.technicallyD.discreetly14、By providing people with information about their electricity use-down to every plugged-in device in a home or business-they can make choices that save money and______efficiency and convenience.A.maximizeB.intensifypressD.facilitate15、Nowadays many people are frustrated with serious______,especially when faced with something they do not want to do.A.delinquencyB.deficiencyC.delayD.defence16、It might be a good idea if educators could make knowledge about environmental protection an important part of the______school curricula.A.regularB.necessaryC.intensiveD.systematic17、As hard as it is to have an honest dialogue about business decisions, it is even harder to give individuals honest______.This is true for both employees and employers.A.elaborationB.feedbackC.repetitionD.conclusion18、Hoping to______the dispute,negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be acceptable to both labor and management.A.resolveB.reverseC.removeD.resist19、The linguist discovered striking similarities between a nearly______ language spoken in central Siberia and various languages spoken by native Americans.A.extinctB.ethnicC.exoticD.erratic20、John Smith hoped that the committee would not recommend a course of action that would______an already bad situation in the workplace.promiseB.exacerbateC.negotiateD.formulatePart2Vocabulary ReplacementThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them one word or phrase isunderlined,and below each sentence,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word that can replace the underlined part without causing,any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)21、They did their best to avoid getting embroiled in the quarrel,preferring to maintain their neutrality as long as possible.A.involvedB.inclinedC.indulgedD.included22、Because their roots are external and their leaf bases clasp,palm trees are rigid and upright,yet elastic enough to bend in strong winds.A.eligibleB.flexibleC.thinD.soft23、Clara Brodeur tried hard to pull herself away from her famous mother, the renowned photographer,whose towering reputation rests on the nude portraits she took of her young daughter.A.notableB.apparentC.conspicuousD.prominent24、The following excerpt is the beginning of a memoir,published in1989, by a woman who emigrated with her family from Poland to Canada when she was a teenager.A.dissertationB.introductionC.publicationD.selection25、The strong efforts to gain equality for women in the workplace began to show results in the last century:women have since secured positions as research scientists and won wide recognition within their fields.A.sharedB.wantedC.elevatedD.obtained26、Lord Chatham who had the same feeling naturally seconded the proposal, but he wondered why they had to make a choice.A.substitutedB.submittedC.supportedD.supervised27、Not one to be easily frightened,the corporal remained composed while the opposing army pressed toward his troop's position.A.calmB.crossC.cozyD.casual28、The Internet is rapidly becoming another means of disseminating information traditionally made available through radio and television stations.A.creatingB.interpretingC.spreadingD.expressing29、Flints'finds in the region extending from the Nile Valley tothehighlan ds of easternlraq testify to the presence of people as long as100,000years ago.A.prophesyB.demonstrateC.implyD.mention30、Greg had a premonition that the day would not go well,and just as he feared, he had two important quizzes ahead.A.predictionB.sensationC.feelingD.intention31、No matter how many readers already revere Amy Tan,their appreciation for her will grow10fold after experiencing these unforgettable revelations.A.valueB.admireC.familiarizeD.memorize32、AUK study revealed that the children who demonstrated the highest measure of happiness came from families in which both parents worked outside the home.yerB.tierC.degreeD.scale33、Gregor was a gifted violinist who was diligent about practicing,showinga dedication to his art that even surpassed his talent.A.industriousB.ingeniousC.incredibleD.intelligent34、The English language,in particular,is a great arena in which etymologists can explore history through words.A.sourceB.originC.theaterD.field35、Even those who do not concur with Robinson's views recognize him as a candidate who has courageously refused to compromise his convictions.A.allyB.agreeC.aspireD.argue36、The two knights engaged in a perilous fight.It would not end until one of them lay dead on the ground.A.seriousB.dividedC.riskyD.humble37、A study shows that while some women continued to outpace men in achievements, they ceased making real progress at the top of an organization.A.stoppedB.retardedC.containedD.prevented38、Jane felt wishy-washy about whether to go to the party or not.On the one hand,it seemed like fun,but on the other,it was very boring.A.amicableB.ambientC.amiableD.ambivalent39、It is reported that several kinds of turtles have lived more than30years in captivity,but in natural environments,some can live as long as50years.A.confinementB.concealmentC.custodyD.cage40、As a tradition,important persons in the town would stand up in front of their communities to give the oration on July4each year.A.eloquenceB.speechC.topicD.contentPart3Error CorrectionThis part consists of20sentences.In each of them there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error,and below each,there are4choices marked by letters A,B,C and D respectively.Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected.There is only ONE right answer.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.(20pionts)41、Only since the publication of her first novel,Olivia has been considering herself a true writer.A.Olivia consideredB.has Olivia consideredC.was Olivia consideringD.could Olivia be able to consider42、It was said that the board of directors decide to put Peter in charge of the work.A.decidedB.has decidedC.had decidedD.have decided43、We believe that the parcel will reach you safely by the time you read the mail.A.reachesB.will have reachedC.has reachedD.would reach44、This method saved half the labor that will be needed to move all the books downstairs.A.would needB.would be neededC.would have neededD.would have been needed45、Sally appears being a hard time convincing her husband to give up smoking.A.to beB.have beenC.to be havingD.having had46、Jennie is going to make a call and it rang.A.was about...whenB.is about...whenC.was about...whileD.is about...while47、No other quality is more important for an armyman to acquire like to obeya military order.A.so as toB.than toC.just as toD.as to48、If the food were as dangerous as some people think,more lot of us would be getting sick.A.more a lot of usB.a lot of more usC.a lot more of usD.a lot of us more49、The science of agriculture,which we owe a great deal,is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.for whichB.with whichC.in whichD.to which50、It is true that to find trained people is more difficult than we get financial support for a research project.A.gettingB.to gettingC.getD.to get51、The reason the hills were natural places for planting fruit trees wassince there is more sunlight.A.forB.thatC.whatD.because52、An ambulance was pulling over.Somebody would be hurt or sick somewhere nearby.A.must beB.should have beenC.should beD.must have been53、Her parents must not receive any message about her.They don't know what has happened to her.A.must not have receivedB.ought not to receiveC.not ought to have receivedD.not ought to receive54、My father used to make me repeating his instructions to make sure that I knew what I was doing after he had gone to work.A.repeat...doB.to repeat...doC.repeat...to doD.to repeat...to do55、No one could understand him postponing in making the decision until it was too late to do so.A.his postponing to makeB.why he postponed makingC.him to postpone to makeD.him to postpone making56、My PC is out of order,the experiment has to be put off.A.beingB.wasC.beD.has been57、He was told the whole story,John decided not to see the film.A.TellingB.Having toldC.Been toldD.Having been told58、Bob refused a good salary job and said he might refuse even if they may offer him twice as much.A.would refuse...offeredB.could have refused...had offeredC.could refuse...might offerD.would have refused...offering59、It is only because by an exercise of self-control thus he could concentrate on his reading with noises outside.A.It was only...thenB.Being only...hadC.It was only...thatD.Only...that60、Computers will develop more successfully because they enable us to fulfill tasks that wasn't able to undertake ever before.A.couldn't be undertakenB.mustn't have been undertakenC.could never before have been undertakenD.would never before have undertakenⅡReading Comprehension(30pionts)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage,each with4(A,B,C andD.choices to answer the question or complete the statement.You must choose the one which you think fits best.Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Why do readers of New Scientist continue to get steamed up about race?After all,it can be used as an innocuous technical term by anthropologists.But all too often discussions of"race"lead to"racism",and tempers begin to fray.Before the18th century,race merely described a group of common cultural origin,not one defined by immutable characteristics.Unfortunately,this usage changed as the Western powers colonized Asia and Africa and needed a way to characterize the peoples they subjected as not only different,but inferior.A long list of scientists helped to"classify"the races.Among them were some of the famous names of the18th and19th centuries:Linnaeus,Cuvier, Haeckel,Huxley and Buffon.Although their classifications rarely agreed, many accepted that the races were fundamentally different and could be arranged with Caucasians at the top.Only after the Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics did the notion of a league table start to crumble.By the1940s,UNESCO could emphatically state:"Racism falsely claims that there is a scientific basis for arranging groups hierarchically in terms of psychological and cultural characteristics that are immutable and innate."That groups cannot be arranged hierarchically does not mean that anthropologists cannot set up classifications which divide people into different groups,or that such classifications will not be useful,as several of our latter writers point out.For example,they can provide vital tools (along with language distribution)to reconstruct the prehistoric movements of peoples.Where genetic data are available,these reconstructions can be greatly refined.In other contexts,such classifications are misleading.Many of the differences they record(including facial features,skin and hair color)are most probably superficial adaptations to local climate.Although useful as indicators of the origin of different groups,they imply nothing fundamental about differences between them.Attempts to assess more important differences between groups(of any number of cognitive abilities,for example)always come to the same very well-known conclusion-that the differences between individuals within one racial group are much larger than the differences between the average members of two such groups.What this means is that it is impossible to say anything about a particular individual's ability because of his or her race(however,defined)because the spread of variation within a race is larger than the average difference between races.Racism can thus receive no support from science,even though a classification of races can be scientifically useful.Lay people sometimes put more faith in the concept of race than scientists do,perhaps because they believe they can quite easily identify a person's race or even nationality.But it's not that easy:our correspondent from Le Vesinet,for example,identified some of the people in our recent feature ("Genes in Black and White")as Australian,Sicilian,Sumatran and Brazilian. In fact,they came from Sweden,Greece,the Central African Republic and Russia.61、The phrase"steamed up"underlined in Paragraph1means______.A.vaporizedB.interestedC.agitatedD.scared62、Before the18th century,the word"race"was used______.A.to describe the people of common origin and cultureB.by anthropologists for classifications of racesC.to indicate the hierarchy of different groupsD.rarely by ordinary people63、Some Western colonizers thought that they were______.A.arrogantB.weakC.inferiorD.superior64、The classification of races by famous18th-and19th-century scientists were______.efulB.hierarchicalC.valuableD.significant65、The Darwinian evolution and the emergence of genetics helped to______.A.promote the notion of a league tableB.get rid of the notion of a league tableC.establish the UNESCOD.arrange groups hierarchically66、The classifications of races by anthropologists are useful in that they ______.A.divide people into different groupsB.help to define prehistoric human movementsC.contribute to language distributionD.provide tools for the study of prehistoric human movements67、Anthropologists'classifications are sometimes misleading because they ______.A.imply fundamental differences between groupsB.refine the reconstruction of prehistoric human movementsC.do not imply the basic differences between groupsD.tell nothing about the influence of local climate68、Compared with differences between individuals within a group,the differences between groups are______.A.much greaterB.smallerC.more importantD.not clearly defined69、Racism receives little support from science because______.A.a classification of races can be scientifically usefulB.an individual's ability is determined by his or her raceC.the spread of variation within a race is largerD.the notion of racism has already become insignificant70、Which of the following is the appropriate title of the passage?______A.How to Get Rid of RacismB.New ScientistC.The Concept of RaceD.Reasons for RacismNow online provision is transforming higher education,giving the best universities a chance to widen their catch,opening new opportunities for the agile,and threatening doom for the slow and average.The roots are decades old.Britain's Open University started teaching via radio and television in 1971.MIT and others have been posting lectures on the Internet for a decade.But the change in2012has been electrifying.Two start-ups,both spawned by Stanford University,are recruiting students at an astonishing rate for "massive open online courses"or MOOCs.In January,Sebastian Thrun,a computer-science professor there,announced the launch of Udacity.It started to offer courses the next month-a nanosecond by the standards of old-style university decision-making.In April,two of Mr.Thrun's ex-colleagues launched a rival,Coursera.At first,it offered online courses from four universities.By August,it had signed up1million students,now boasting over2million.Harvard and MIT announced they would launch edX,a non-profit venture.Other schools have joined,too.One spur is economic and political pressure to improve productivity in higher education.The cost per student in the U.S.has risen at almost five times the rate of inflation since1983.For universities beset by heavy debts, smaller taxpayer subsidies and a cyclical decline in enrollment,online courses mean better tuition,higher graduation rates and lower-cost degrees. New technology also gives the innovative a chance to shine against their rivals.MOOCs are more than good university lectures available online.The real innovation comes from integrating academic talks with interactive coursework, such as automated tests,quizzes and even games.Real-life lectures have no pause,rewind(or fast-forward)buttons;MOOCs let students learn at their own pace,typically with short,engaging videos.The cost of the courses canbe spread over huge numbers of students.MOOCs enrich education for worldwide students,especially the cash-strapped,and those dissatisfied with what their own colleges are offering.But for others,especially in poor countries, online education opens the door to yearning for opportunities.Some of Europe's best schools are determinedly unruffled.Oxford says that MOOCs"will not prompt it to change anything",adding that it"does not see them as revolutionary in anything other than scale".Cambridge even says it is"nonsense"to see MOOCs as a rival;it is"not in the business of online education".Such universities are likely to continue to attract the best(and richest)applicants who want personal tuition and the whiff of research in the air.For these places,MOOCs are chiefly a marketing opportunity.To compete head-on with established providers,MOOCs must not just teach but also provide credible qualifications.The vast majority of Coursera, Udacity and edX offerings do not provide a degree.This may be one reason for MOOCs'high dropout rates.Another worry is that online tests are open to cheating and plagiarism.Peer grading even if honest,may be flawed.71、______was the first to offer the open lectures.A.HarvardB.MITC.Britain's Open UniversityD.Stanford University72、The word"MOOCs"underlined in Paragraph2is______.A.a shortened version of"massive online open courses"B.abbreviated from"massive open online courses"C.another type of open classroom coursesD.equivalent to flipped classroom teaching73、From Paragraph1,we can know that______.A.online education programs spring up like mushroomsB.Udacity,Coursera and edX are not rivalsC.other schools have joined Stanford and HarvardD.Online courses are offered by non-profit universities74、Universities embracing new technology in launching online courses DON'T consider______.A.better tuitionB.more innovationsC.lower-cost degreesD.higher graduation rates75、Compared with real-life lectures,MOOCs are offered to______.A.allow students to pause during academic talksB.encourage students to rewind the buttons to track the tapesC.enable students to learn in their classrooms with videosD.integrate academic talks with interactive coursework76、Paragraph5indicates that some of the best European universities______.A.cannot remain calm in the face of MOOCsB.regard MOOCs as a revolution in higher educationC.prefer traditional education to online provisionsD.attract the best applicants to challenge online courses77、The phrase"a marketing opportunity"underlined in Paragraph5suggests ______.A.some universities use MOOCs as a publicity facility onlyB.students can obtain their degrees with the lowest costsC.MOOCs,as any other online courses,mean better tuitionD.MOOCs can reduce financial pressure on the universities78、The MOOCs'dropout rate is high because______.A.they lose to the established providersB.they don't allow students to cheat in online testsC.they are not aware of the importance of qualificationsD.most courses offered don't provide degrees79、The phrase"peer grading"underlined in the last paragraph means______.A.the honesty of studentsB.the flaws in students'charactersC.students'assessment of their classmatesD.students of the same age and social status80、The passage implies that online courses are______.A.transforming higher educationB.creating new opportunities for the bestC.bringing some problems to the rest of studentsD.helping improve traditional classroom instructionThe world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before.Over the next20years,the global population of those aged65or more will almost double,from600million to 1.1billion.The experience of the20th century,when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and"secular stagnation",while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people whereas older skilled folk are working longer.The divide is most extreme in the U.S.,where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out the workforce.This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also,in some ways, society as a whole.Growth will slow less dramatically than expected; government budgets will be in better shape,as high earners pay taxes longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other countries,where half of all50-to-64-year-olds did not complete primary-school education.At the other end of the social scale,however,things look grim.Manual work gets harder as people get older,and public pensions look more attractive to those on low wages and the unemployed.Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial.Wealthy old people willaccumulate more savings,which will weaken demand.Inequality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance,entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.One likely response is to impose higher inheritance taxes.So long as they replace less-fair taxes,that might make sense.This would probably encourage old people to spend their cash rather than salt it away.But governments should focus not on redistributing income but on generating more of it by reforming retirement and education.How likely are governments to make these changes?Look around the rich world today,and it is hard to be optimistic.The swelling ranks of older voters,and their disproportionate propensity to vote,have left politicians keener to pander to them than to implement disruptive reforms.Germany,despite being the fastest-ageing country in Europe,plans to cut the statutory retirement age for some people.In the U.S.,both social security(the public pension scheme)and the fast-growing system of disability benefits remain untouched by reform.Politicians need to convince less-skilled older voters that it is in their interests to go on working.Doing so will not be easy. But the alternative-economic stagnation and even greater inequality-is worse.81、The word"staggering"underlined in Paragraph1means______.A.swayingB.unstableC.zigzaggingD.astounding82、Observers believe that the rise in the number of old people will NOT______.A.affect the longevity of the elderlyB.bust government budgetsC.lead to secular stagnationD.slow down economic growth83、There is a new trend in the U.S.,where______.A.there appears a baby boomB.more younger unskilled people are unemployedC.more older skilled people are working longerD.both B and C84、Which of the following notions tends to be ignored as a new trend?______A.The big gap between the well-educated and the undereducated.B.The wide gap between male and female workers.C.The widening gap between the skilled and the unskilled.D.The growing gap between the working young and the idle old.85、The new trend may also benefit society,for______.A.economic growth will slow down as expectedB.high-earning old people pay taxes longerernment budgets will be in the redernments encourage early retirement86、Rich countries find the burden of ageing easier to bear because their aged people______.A.may pay less taxesB.may enjoy early retirement。
暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案(四)
暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案（四）暨南大学翻译硕士(MTI)真题及答案I. Word Translation (30 points)1. EU：欧盟(European Union)2. WPC：世界和平理事会(World Peace Council)3. OPEC：石油输出国家组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)4. NASA：美国国家航空和宇宙航行局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)5. USCG：美国海岸警卫队(United States Coast Guard)6. FTA：自由贸易协定(Free Trade Agreement)7. TPP：跨太平洋伙伴关系协议(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement)8. America’s “Return to the Asian-Pacific”: 美国重返亚太9. Association of Southeast Asian Nations：东南亚国家联盟10. International Atomic Energy Agency：国际原子能机构11. currency manipulator: 货币操纵国12. International Translation Day: 国际翻译日13. National Missile Defense: 国家导弹防御系统14. power abuse: 滥用职权15. US-Japan Security Treaty: 美日安保条约Section B Chinese to English (15 points)16. 国务院侨务办公室: Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council17. 国家文物局: State Administration of Cultural Heritage18. 国家烟草专卖局: State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau19. 国家宗教事务局: State Administration of Religious Affairs20. 西方七国首脑会议: G7 Summit; the Seven-power Summit21. 岗位培训: on-the-job training22. 海洋资源: marine resource ; ocean resource23. 民生: people’s livelihood; people’s well-being24. 差额选举: competitive election; contested election25. 建立市场导向的就业机制: Establishing a market-oriented employment mechanism26. 资源节约型与环境保护型社会: resource-conserving/resource- saving and environmentally friendly society; Society Of Resource Conservation and Environmental Protection27. 文化逆差: cultural deficit28. 三国演义: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms29. 十面埋伏(古曲): House Of Flying Daggers30. 逾期贷款: overdue loansII. Passage Translation (120 points)Section A English to Chinese (60 points)Love Is Not Like Merchandize Sydney J. HarrisA reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personal experience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel’s worth of merchandize, I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another man’s wife, I am free.”This is a prevalent misconception in many people’s minds ―that love, like merchandize, can be “stolen”. Numerous states, in fact, have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”.But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought, sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, turning of the emotions, a change in the climate of the personality.When a husband or wife is “stolen”by another person, that husband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposed toward a new partner. The “lovebandit”was only taking what was waiting to be taken, what wanted to be taken.We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of children “belonging”to their parents. But nobody “belongs”to anyone else. Each person belongs to himself, and to God. Children are entrusted to their parents, and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has the right to remove them from their parents’trusteeship.Many of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheart being taken away from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At the time, we may have resented this intruder―but as we grew older, we recognized that the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruder that “caused”the break, but the lack of a real relationship.On the surface, many marriages seem to break up because of a “third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. The other woman or the other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving a marriage that had already lost its essential integrity.Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “come between”oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captive of victims of others―they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe that his beloved has freely turned away from him―and so he ascribes sinister or magical properties to the interloper. He calls him hypnotist or a thief or a home-breaker. In the majority of cases, however, when a home is broken, the breaking has begun long before any “third party”has appeared on the scene.参考译文:佛罗里达州的一位读者虽然是在个人经历上受过创伤, 他写信来抱怨道: “如果我偷走了五分钱的商品, 我就是个贼, 要受到惩罚, 但是如果我偷走了他人妻子的爱情, 我没事儿。
2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析
2016年中南大学翻译硕士MTI真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （25 POINTS）01. Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness02. The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention03. Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander04. The teacher is very exacting about his students’penmanship.A. lenientB. demandingC. carefulD. meticulous05. There are rumors of an economic menace from the dairy cooperatives.A. problemB. ultimatumC. disasterD. threat06. The driver was baffled when his turn signal wouldn’t work.A. confusedB. surprisedC. angeredD. dismayed07. The father gave his son a horse, which was considered extravagant by the rest of the family.A. exorbitantB. crazyC. unwiseD. generous08. After the boy was hit on the head, he had no recollection of anything that had happened before.A. memoirB. memberC. memoryD. memento09. The little girls were commended for their wonderful dance presentation.A. recommendedB. respectedC. pleasedD. praised10. It would be a blessing for the human race if the mosquito could be eradicated.A. wiped upB. wiped awayC. wiped offD. wiped out11. The clamorous group of children enjoyed the park all afternoon.A. nosyB. noxiousC. noisyD. noisome12. The flood waters began to abate as soon as the rain ceased.A. diminishB. dimC. deemD. dilute13. New York City’s Brooklyn area holds 2. 2 million diverse and disputatious people.A. disreputableB. argumentativeC. arbitraryD. ardent14. Few visitors care that the neighborhood is dominated by high rises and skyscrapers.A. overlookedB. overthrownC. over passedD. overshadowed15. With the new leadership there came sweeping change.A. uprootingB. wide-reachingC. reachingD. specific16. The sudden bankruptcy of these financial giants threw the investors ____ and caused them to ____.A. in a panic/stampedeB. in a panic/panicC. in confusion/hold their stocksD. in despair/withdraw gradually17. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, ____ out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.A. operatesB. is operatingC. has operatedD. operating18. The quantum theory states ____, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.A. energy thatB. that it is energyC. it is energyD. that energy19. The best known of all the Arctic birds, ____.A. birdwatchers favor ptarmigansB. being ptarmigans’and birdwatchers’favoritesC. favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchersD. ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers20. Geysers are round near rivers and lakes, where water drains through the soil ____.A. surface below the deepB. deep below the surfaceC. the deep below surfaceD. the deep surface below21. “Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. metonymyC. zeugmaD. sytllepsis22. “By day’s end, I had drilled 4216 holes to a depth of 18 inches, and I had lost mine pounds, my hearing, feeling in both hands and the ability to lift anything heavier than the evening paper.”That is an example of ____.A. punB. syllepsisC. anticlimaxD. allusion23. “Britannia rules the waves, Mussolini waives the rules.”That is an example of ____.A. paregmenonB. regressionC. paradoxD. zeugma24 “Clearly, when it comes to marriage, practicing beforehand doesn’t make perfect.”That is an example of ____.A. oxymoronB. transferred epithetC. malapropismD. parody25. “The one in the brown suit gaped at her. Blue suit grinned, might even have winked. The big nose in grey suit still stared—and he had small angry eyes and did noteven smile.”That is an example of ____.A. hyperboleB. transferred epithetC. metonymyD. oxymoronPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （15 POINTS）Passage AFor years, millions of Americans and people from around the world have crowded into the well-known major parks. They have read the travel literature or heard firsthand reports about these wonders, and naturally they’ve had to see for themselves.At times, visiting some of our parks has become more like rubbing elbows at a jam packed Major League baseball game than sensing the solitude of the wilderness. We have tried to see the most and the best in the least amount of time. We have jumped into cars and campers and rushed off to cover a dozen parks in a week or two —madly snapping photographs as we go.01. According to the passage, many Americans visit the major parks because ____.A. they like the well-known major parks.B. they want to gain the same knowledge as others.C. they want to show the pictures of those parks to their friends.D. they don’t care for the historic parks.02. We can infer from the passage that ____.A. people should not visit several parks superficially.B. people should not spend more time thinking about the park itself.C. people should visit the famous parks in America.D. people should drive around the parks.Passage BFull-time faculty and staff on the University payroll, when applying for an annual permit, may authorize payment of their parking fees by payroll deduction. The first deduction will include the regular monthly deduction of $15.00 plus a one-time deduction to cover all parking charges accruing prior to the first deduction period.01. These instructions apply to ____.A. anyone who is applying for a parking permitB. all people who want to park at the UniversityC. people who work full-time at the UniversityD. people who are applying to work at the University02. You may have your parking fees deducted from your pay if you ____.A. are applying for an annual permitB. have paid all prior parking chargesC. apply before the first deduction periodD. park at the University regularlyPassage CThe science of linguistics has helped to reconstruct the long road the ancestors of modern day Indians traveled in North America. At the time of the discovery of the New World, the explorers found a babel of tongues. In North and South America more languages were spoken—about 2,200 of them—than all of Europe and Asia at that time. Despite what some early explorers and European scholars believed, there never was such a language as “American Indian”—meaning, presumably, one common language with only local dialects. Rather than one common language that linked the Indians of North America, about 550 distinct languages were spoken, and nearly everylanguage comprised numerous dialects. A second misconception was that a language had to be written to rank as a full-fledged language. In North America, a truly written language developed only in Mexico, yet most Indian groups were able to communicate a rich unwritten tradition of poetry, oratory, and drama.01. When explorers discovered North America, ____.A. there was one common language spoken throughout the landB. they discovered a placed called BabelC. written language was an important means of communicationD. there were many languages spoken, most with many dialects02. An incorrect belief of some early scholars was that ____.A. 550 distinct languages were spoken in North AmericaB the American Indian language had many dialectsC. more languages were spoken in North America than in EuropeD. to be a real language, a language had to be written03. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ____A. Only Mexican Indians communicated through poetry, drama, and oration.B. Most Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory and drama.C. Only written Indian languages were rich in poetry, oratory, and drama.D. North American Indians did not develop a truly written language.Passage DIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations”experts, yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might f themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates, They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again—by thepsychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise”capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities—those of love and of reason—are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.01. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is ____.A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligibleB. working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly02. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ____.A. they are likely to lose their jobsB. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are deprived of their individuality and independence03. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those ____.A. who are at the bottom of the societyB. who are higher tip in their social statusC. who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD. who could keep far away from this competitive world04. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should ____.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. take the fundamental realities for grantedPassage EThe newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more; it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts, This is the most importantassignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of society news) as “local”news, because any event in the international area has local reaction in the financial market, political circles, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.There is in journalism a widespread view that when you consider giving an interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the swirling tides of opinion. This is nonsense.The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions. What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?As for the first question, consider how a so-called “factual”story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the beginning of the article. (This is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond fine first paragraph.) This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether fine article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty-four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.Thus in the presentation of a so-called “factual”or “objective”story, at leastthree judgments: are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which. , reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism”, arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, art both objective rather than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the light in the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on giving a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story —promoting it to page one or putting it on page thirty.01. The best title for this passage is ____.A. Function of the Night EditorB. Interpreting the NewsC. Subjective versus Objective ProcessesD. Choosing Facts02. The author implies that ____.A. in writing a factual story, the writer must use judgmentB. the writer should limit himself to the factsC, reporters give prejudiced view of the factsD. editors control what the reporters write03. The beginning sentence should present the most important fact because ____.A. it will influence the reader to continueB. most readers read only the first paragraphC. it is the best way to write according to the schools of journalismD. it details the general attitude of the writer04. Readers are justified in thinking that the most important aspect of the news reported in the newspaper is that it should be ____.A. interpreted in detailB. edited properlyC. objectively reportedD. impartialPart 3: Translation. （30 POINTS）01. In the early stage of our life, our parents are the ones who shower us withunconditional love and care, they teach us about what is right and wrong, good and bad. But we always tend to take this for granted. It is only after marriage and having kids that a person understands and becomes sensitive to others feelings. Kids make a person responsible and mature and help us to understated life better.02. Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace. We realize the true worth of happiness when we are in sorrow. Sorrow is basically due to death of a loved one, failure and despair. But these things are temporary and pass away.03. Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for bestowing success on us is by being humble, modest, courteous and respectful to the less fortunate ones.04. Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children will do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is a day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice keep moving on in life and be hopeful.05. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is work hard today, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.06. 从我居室的窗口望出去，可以看到一棵高高的芙蓉树。
[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc[考研类试卷]2016年华南理工大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great______.（A）care（B）ease（C）tempo（D）dignity2 She______to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture.（A）dropped out（B）went out of her way（C）gave way（D）got down3 In the past, a woman's world usually______household work and waiting for her children and husband to come home.（A）made up（B）composed of（C）was comprised of（D）consisted of4 Domestic tourists now make up more than 90 percent of the country's totaland______two-thirds of its total tourism earnings.（A）attribute（B）contribute（C）distribute（D）dispatch5 He is a diligent and______teacher, well liked by his students.（A）voluntary（B）conscious（C）conscientious（D）hard6 The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young children are more ______to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults.（A）conducive（B）advantageous（C）delicate（D）vulnerable7 It is absolutely true today that college degrees have become a valuable ______ for jobseekers in the country's developing market economy.（A）asset（B）liability（C）deterrent（D）means8 She is far too______to believe these ridiculous lies.（A）sensational（B）sensitive（C）sensible（D）sensuous9 With______audiences and less financial support from government, Britain's best orchestras must find new sources of income, if they are to continue.（A）shrinking（B）captive（C）withering（D）sympathetic10 On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, wiping out 156 years of colonial humiliation______on the Chinese nation.（A）befell（B）imposed（C）afflicted（D）leased11 Johnson______the problem in his mind for two more days before he came to a conclusion.（A）turned on（B）turned over（C）turned out（D）turned to12 Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are______, filled with energy and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas.（A）imaginative（B）imaginable（C）imagined（D）imaginary13 Words fail to______our feelings of great reverence for the hero.（A）imply（B）deliver（C）convey（D）contain14 China is______an ambitious plan to stimulate the domestic economy by investing in infrastructure construction , of which telecommunications are an important part.（A）undertaking（B）supervising（C）foiling（D）compiling15 I have to______time to prepare for the coming sports meet.（A）set about（B）set aside（C）set up（D）set off16 If not properly______, border issues which are always very sensitive and complicated international relations can often trigger conflicts.（A）handled（B）handing（C）handle（D）to handle17 After______seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.（A）what（B）it（C）that（D）there18 Every change of season, every change of weather ______ some change in the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains.（A）make（B）makes（C）is making（D）are making19 There______nothing more for discussion, the meetingcame to an end half an hour earlier.（A）to be（B）to have been（C）be（D）being20 Variables such as individual and corporate behavior______nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision.（A）make it（B）make（C）it makes（D）makes it21 Had Jane been more careful on the math exam, she______much better results now. （A）would be getting （B）could have got（C）must get（D）would get22 By the year 2030, it's estimated that more than two thirds of the world's population will be living in cities —______today.（A）twice as many as（B）as twice as many（C）as much as twice（D）as much twice as23 My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she couldwalk______far.（A）/（B）such（C）that（D）as24 Much______I like Antonia, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me. （A）although（B）since（C）for（D）as25 Developing friendly ties with neighborly countries is the priority aim of this country's foreign policy and this policy will not be changed______the international situation may be.（A）whichever（B）however（C）wherever（D）whatever26 The snow leopard is a class-one endangered species, ______is the giant panda. （A）as（B）such（C）which（D）that27 Jeremy came to visit me again. It was the second time he______me that afternoon. （A）had been interrupting （B）has interrupted（C）would have interrupted（D）had interrupted28 Grace's eyes were wet with tears as she put her face______she could, gripping my left hand and stroking it.（A）as close as to mine（B）so close to mine as（C）as close to mine as（D）much so close as29 The boys in the family are old enough for______.（A）school（B）schools（C）the school（D）the schools30 Intellect is to the mind______sight is to the body.（A）as（B）what（C）like（D）that二、Reading Comprehension30 [1] T o say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life.[2] Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in cities — the great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world.[3] And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation — congestion and filth, danger and purposelessness —which afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky.[4] ...The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of moderncivilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we want — and this is what we must want if men are to be free for that "pursuit of happiness" which was the earliest promise of the American Nation —we will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers.[5] One great problem is sheer growth —growth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking point all our old ways of thought and action — our systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services.[6] A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and trees — condemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. "There is no police so effective," said Emerson, "as a good hill and a wide pasture... where the boys...can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits." We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from man's contact with the naturalworld around him.[7] A third is the increasing difficulty of transportation —adding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimes — as in Watts — our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city.[8] A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghetto — a problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking: Segregation is becoming the governing rule; Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to thesuburbs; many other cities are moving along the same road — for example, Chicago, which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by 1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in themselves, areas of as much as 350, 000 people.Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent.Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $ 20 million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill's over $ 500 million a year.Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the lasthousing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10, 000 children may be injured or infected by rat bites every year.Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students will graduate with an academic diploma.Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times as common as elsewhere.[9] Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of one's own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others.[10]/doc/5d3837163369a45177232f60ddccda 38376be1f5.html munity demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this isdisappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded.[11] The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in a world of experience and culture their parents never knew.[12] The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach of individual control or even understanding.[13] ...But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and the riots which are its product and symptom —threaten to divide Americans for generations to come; to add to theever-present difficulties of race and class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear....[14] It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots — beyond the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease, comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be.31 According to the passage, everywhere men and women crowd into cities in searchof______.（A）employment and race hatred（B）a decent living and stunted education（C）congestion and the company of their fellows（D）the excitement and other advantages of urban life32 It can be learned that within a few years, ______of all Americans will live in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and other cities.（A）less than 80 percent（B）about 80 percent（C）more than 80 percent（D）none of the above33 Besides poverty, housing and unemployment programs, Americans need______to attain the kind of society they want.（A）imagination（B）ingenuity（C）discipline and hard work（D）all of the above34 According to the author, the city should be______.（A）the seat of nearly all the problems of American life（B）just houses, stores, schools, businesses, parks, and theaters（C）place where people can live in dignity and security and harmony（D）the nerve system of political, economic, cultural life for much of the world35 The major city problems discussed in the passage include all of the following EXCEPT______.（A）racial tension and the destruction of the sense ofcommunity（B）sheer growth and destruction of the physical environment（C）the difficulty of transportation and concentrated poverty（D）unpaid working hours and a poisoned atmosphere36 The most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro is______.（A）New York（B）San Francisco（C）Chicago（D）Washington37 Which of the following statement is NOT true?（A）20 percent of the children in ghettos may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children.（B）Male unemployment in some areas may be as high as 40 percent.（C）43 percent of urban Negro housing is substandard.（D）In ghettos, the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent.38 The reason why the plight of the Negro is the most immediate and pressing problem is that it threatens______.（A）to paralyze the American economy（B）to divide Americans for generations to come（C）to destroy the vision of the future generations（D）to use violence in overthrowing the old belief and social system39 According to the author, the sense of community chiefly means______.（A）the ties of family（B）a thousand imaginable strands（C）things which tie men to their fellows（D）the values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life40 In this selection, the author makes______work for him to order the materials so that it is easy to follow.（A）description（B）classification（C）definition（D）narration40 [1] When I first saw Pippa the cheetah, she was sitting pertly on a chair in the tearoom of the New Stanley Hotel in Nairobi. I had gone to meet her owners, an English couple who were leaving Kenya and wanted to ensure that their pet would find a good home. Pippa was wearing a harness and was able to sit at a table, looking as if she might have a soft drink through a straw. She was a thoroughly spoiled cub.[2] Eighteen months later she had returned to the wild. She was living in the Northern Frontier District where she had been born. She had learned to hunt for herself, had mated with a wild cheetah, and was raising a litter of cubs.[3] Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild required patience, perseverance, love, and the same kind of respect for her as a being that I would have offered a fellow human. I had previously shared this love and respect with Elsa the lioness, whom my husband George and I had raised as a cub. But it was not simply a matter of affection — although there was plenty of that. The rehabilitation process was important as an experiment in developing a means of trying to guarantee the survival of endangered species. The cheetah is one of these; the lion maybecome one soon.[4] I learned many things from Elsa and Pippa. They proved always to be interesting and affectionate companions. And I enjoyed the closeness to nature that the rehabilitation process required. But there were raany times when I was working with Elsa and Pippa, and there have been many times since, when I have wondered about another endangered species, a species generally as ignorant of the threat to its survival as these two cats had been. That species is man.[5] Some recent scientific, economic, and political research suggests that the curves for food demand and food supply will cross in a maximum of 60 years. By then, man's overpopulation, increasing pollution, and the diminishing food supply could threaten to end human life on our planet. Being aware of this research, I could not help wondering what steps man could take to ensure his survival. Could he, for instance, learn from animals something about birth control, inter-creature relationships, or thought communication that would help him avoid extinction?[6] Generally, the first reaction to such musings is one of astonishment. The question phrases itself. What can man, the most highly evolved species of animal life, learn from less developed creatures? Astonishment at this question itself suggests a starting place. Perhaps man needs to regain his humility — and his sense of perspective. Perhaps he should look at himself as just another experiment of nature, no more important intrinsically than the thousands of other species evolved on our planet. Man is, after all, a fairly recent development. He has lived on earth only 1. 7 million years — not a very long time compared with the 400 million years of somecreatures.[7] Man's achievements during this stay are astounding. Yet they endanger his own survival. As a result, he may disappear as have other species who became too overspecialized, or outlived their environment. Perhaps more than any other creature man is notable for his constant violations of the eternal law of living in harmony with nature. Man kills everything that competes with him for living space or food. He has irreparably damaged his environment. He has forsaken nature's basic laws, substituting for them his own man-made laws and values. He has, for example, invented money —and now he gauges success, power, and achievement almost exclusively in terms of it. He overestimates his ego and his capacities. He worships status and sacrifices fantastically for it.[8] A more rational perspective would see that all organic life is of equal importance. That every species has its role to play. That nothing survives unless it fits into the balance of nature and lives within its environment. That all life must work together to preserve life and maintain ecology.[9] But man can also learn more specifically from animals. With his research capacity he can ask himself : How were animals able to maintain the balance of nature for more than 400 million years? Once he has unlocked these secrets, he can try to apply them to his own situation.[10] What are some of these secrets? Birth control is one. Animals have very efficient means of controlling their reproduction. We who study animals have learned about it only in the last few years. We don't yet know how it works, but we do know some facts. Most antelopes, for example, can withhold their young for weeks, even months. They do this in order that birthsoccur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mothers' adequate supply of milk for the young.[11] Elephants seem able to adjust their reproduction in somewhat the same way. On the Victoria Nile, for instance, one bank is extremely eroded; it provides barely enough food for the elephants living there. The opposite bank, on the other hand, is quite well covered with vegetation. Observations indicate that elephants on the grassy bank calve every four years, while those on the eroded bank do so only every nine.[12] My own observations of Elsa and Pippa have revealed some most interesting facts. These cats come into season every five to seven weeks. Once the first litter has been born, they have the capacity to produce a new litter every three and a half months, and some zoo-confined lionesses actually do produce litters this of-ten. But in their natural state, females of these species will not let a male near them — let alone mate with him — while they are engaged in rearing their young to complete independence. Among lions this period lasts two years; among cheetahs it is about seventeen and a half months.[13] When Pippa lost two litters to predators a few days after their birth, she instantly looked for a mate and conceived despite the fact she had hardly recovered from giving birth. Knowing that her unfortunate cubs did not need her anymore, she lost no time in starting a new litter. This also happened with a lioness I knew.[14] Judging from this behavior, I can only assume that some kind of psychological block stops mother lions and cheetahs from wanting to mate while they are preoccupied with training their young.[15] Another secret of animals' survival is telepathy. This sense has become atrophied in man, but a definite thought-communication functions in animals. Elsa the lioness frequently sensed when George and I intended to visit her camp, even though it lay 180 miles from our home in Isiolo. On most occasions when we made our irregular visits she was waiting for us. By following her spoor we discovered that she had sometimes walked 50 or 60 miles to meet us.[16] The same thing happened when I took Elsa's two sisters to Nairobi to be flown to the Rotterdam zoo. Elsa stayed behind with George in Isiolo 180 miles away. He did not know when I was coming back; no person knew. But Elsa knew. On the morning of my return she sat down in the entrance drive and would not budge until I arrived in the evening.[17] I have known this kind of thought-communication with the animals with whomI've lived. When Elsa died, I woke in the night, knowing what had happened, even thoughI was several hundred miles away. The same thing occurred later with one of Pippa's cubs.[18] I don't possess this sensitivity with my own kind. I feel far more in tune with what is going on when I am in the bush than when I am in London or Nairobi. We don't know much yet about this telepathy —from which gland it comes, or how it works. But if men could reawaken or cultivate it in themselves, and then cooperate by trusting each other, rather than fearing and treating one another suspiciously, the world would be a far better place.[19] Another secret of the animals is embodied in a basic law of nature which men often ignore. Every animal has around him a security zone. Within that zone he feels safe. Simple observation shows what happens to creatures whose sense ofadequate living space has been consistently violated, and who have thus become degenerate. You only have to go to a zoo. There you find animals sitting like prisoners, tucked so close togetherthat it is not surprising they become frustrated and sometimes so tense that they try to break out. Then they have to be destroyed.[20] When people see animals in this condition, they get the impression that the animals are either dangerous and aggressive or, if they have fallen into a state of utter despair, that they are lethargic or stupid. But animals that I have known in their natural state are never like this. This illustrates why zoos — even the best zoos — cannot solve the problem of recovering a healthy survival number of presently endangered species.[21] The security-zone sense, the need for adequate living space, is not limited to wild animals. Men once possessed it as well. But now our awareness of it has grown so faint that four or five people can live together in one room, a situation which repeatedly occurs in overcrowded slums. People living in these conditions often become aggressive —sometimes even criminal — for the same reason that animals do in zoos.[22] Man-made values account not only for man's reduced awareness of his own security zone. They have also impaired a whole range of relationships which nature had placed in proper perspective. One of these, referred to earlier, is mating. Another is the relationship of mother to young. So many modern human mothers these days prefer to have jobs and put their children in day-care centers or kindergartens, rather than look after them. In nature this happens only in perverted cases. I have watched many animal mothers with their young. They are devoted to them andtend them with affection — and discipline. But they don't overdo it. Elsa and Pippa loved their cubs, but they also kept strict behavior. There was no nonsense about it.[23] Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet. If he wants to survive — which he can do only if all other forms of life around him survive as well — he simply has to see himself as no more important than his fellow creatures. Since man has a higher intelligence than most animals, he is responsible for insuring their survival and thus maintaining life on our planet.[24] I personally doubt that man can recover his original relationship with all other forms of life unless he reappraises his man-made values, returns again to the rules of nature, and then accepts and obeys them.41 The main idea of this article is that______.（A）people can teach animals how to survive（B）people can learn survival techniques from animals（C）animals can survive in the wild after living in zoos（D）animals can learn from man how to live in tune with nature42 In the sentence "But it was not simply a matter of affection..." (paragraph 3) , "it" refers to______.（A）respect（B）survival means（C）patience, perseverance and love（D）Pippa's rehabilitation to the wild43 In paragraph 6, it is implied, but not directly stated, that______.（A）man has not lived on the earth very long compared to some other creatures （B）man should look at himself as justanother experiment of nature（C）man thinks he can learn something from animals（D）man thinks he is more important than other animals44 In paragraph 7, the writer gives examples of______.（A）how man destroys the balance in nature（B）how man will survive in the future（C）how man uses his environment constructively（D）how man kills animals for food45 The subject of paragraphs 10, 11, 12, 13, and 46 is______.（A）Elsa and Pippa（B）Elephants on the Victoria Nile。
2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2016年山东大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.He felt that the uninspiring routine of office work was too______for someone of his talent and creativity.（分数：2.00）A.prosaic √B.insatiableC.exactingD.enthralling解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。
根据空前的uninspiring routine of office work(让人提不起精神的办公室日常工作)可知，他觉得工作过于平淡乏味，故答案为prosaic(平淡无奇的，乏味的)。
insatiable 意为“贪得无厌的，不能满足的”；exacting意为“要求严格的，要求高的”；enthralling意为“迷人的，非常有趣的”。
2.The museum arranged the fossils in______order, placing the older fossils dating from the Late Ice Age on the first floor and the more recent fossils on the second floor.（分数：2.00）A.alphabeticalB.chronological √C.randomD.arbitrary解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。
根据空后的the older…on the first floor和the more recent…on the second floor可知，博物馆是把化石按一定时间或年代顺序排列的，故答案为chronological(按时间先后顺序排列的，按年代先后顺序排列的)。
alphabetical意为“按字母顺序的”。
2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷2016年宁波大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：122.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Even though he was guilty, the______judge did not send him to prison.（分数：2.00）A.merciful √B.impartialC.conscientiousD.conspicuous解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。
让步状语从句中的guilty(有罪的)和主句的意思(法官没有把他送进监狱)表明，该法官是一个“仁慈的”人，故merciful(仁慈的，宽厚的)为答案。
impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为“认真的，勤勤恳恳的”；conspicuous意为“显眼的，明显的”，均与让步状语从句的意思不符，故均排除。
2.The education______for the coming year is about $ 4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.（分数：2.00）A.allowanceB.reservationC.budget √D.finance解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。
根据句意“来年的教育______约为40亿美元，这远远超出人们的预期”可知，横线处应填和“钱”有关的词，可首先排除reservation(预订；保留)。
allowance意为“(定期发给的)津贴，补助”，不符合$4 billion(40亿美元)的语义，故排除。
根据空后的the coming year(来年)可确定，本题答案为budget(预算，预算拨款)。
finance(财政，金融)是指管理货币、债务、信贷和投资的商业或政府活动，也与语义不符，故排除。
3.They had fierce______as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.（分数：2.00）A.debate √B.clashC.disagreementD.context解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。
考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案：(2016-1994)
考研英语一历年翻译真题：（2016-1994）（此资料由小七i整理，请不要外传，仅用于考研学习借鉴，如有错误地方，请自行参考其他资料。
）【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析：1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词） 1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词） 1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词） 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词） 2005年：电视媒体2006年：美国的知识分子 2007年：法学研究的意义2008年：达尔文的思想观点 2009年：正规教育的地位2010年：经济与生态 2011年：能动意识的作用2012年：普遍性真理 2013年：人类状况2014年：贝多芬的一生 2015年：历史学方面2016年：心理健康46） We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy， it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend， a broken bone. 47） Our mental health doesn't go anywhere； like the sun behind a cloud， it can be temporarily hidden from view， but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48） Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles， with kindness if they are in pain， and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49） Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives， it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50） As you will come to see， knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes.49） The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71） While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72） Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73） During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74） There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75） It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71） But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72） The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73） Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.74） If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75） Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71） Actually，it isn’t，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.72） Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73） It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.74） Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75） When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 ）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74） However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73） Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74） In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75） For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73） Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74） Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75） Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。