Lecture 1 翻译与商务翻译

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课题Lecture 1 Introduction to translation and

Business English translation

授课

时数

2

授课

类型

Lecture

教学目的1.To let students know some basic knowledge of translation;

2.To have a good command of feature of business English and criteria of its

translation;

教学重点1.Six features of business English;

2.translation criteria of business English: faithfulness, idiomaticness and

consistency;

教学

难点

Idiomaticness的准确含义；

主要︵知识︶语言点1.You-attitude;

2.Consideration;

3.Idiomaticness,;

4.Faithfulness;

5.Consistency

教

学过程

︵学时分配︶

Period 1

Step 1 Introduction

I. Objectives

1.To translate business information and materials from English into Chinese

and vice versa;

2.To grasp translation skills focusing on business information;

3.To emphasize the translation of business letters, advertising and contracts

and so on.

Ⅱ. Course Requirements

1.Attendance;

2.Written Assignments;

3.In-class Exercises

Ⅲ. Summary of Grading

Attendance 10 %

Written Assignments: 20 %

In-class Exercises: 10 %

Final Written Examination 60 %

Total: 100%

Grading Procedure

1．Attendance: You can lose points for things like being late often, not

answering questions, not working well with a group, or sleeping in class.

附记

或

教学说明

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教

学过程

︵学时分配︶2．Homework and class work: you may have a homework assignment to turn in, class activity to do.

3．Final Exam：Your favorite part of the course! The final exam is a big part of your total grade. Don’t worry! I’m not here to make you suffer!

We are on the same team! Let’s work together!

I don’t expect you to like every part of the course, but I expect you to do

your best in the c ourse. It’s my job as a teacher to provide a good

learning atmosphere. There are some times when we will have to spend

extra time to translate in class, because this is a translating class.

Ⅳ. Rules

-Turn off cell phones.

- Respect each other.

- Do not cheat.

Step 2 Presentation

ⅠBasic knowledge about translation

1. Definition of Translation

a. a linguistic activity to produce the meaning and style of the source text

in another language;

b. a trans-cultural communicative activity;

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (E. A. Nida)(翻译就是译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文格。)

2．Process of translation

1) Understanding （理解）

2) Representation （表达）

3) Proofreading （校正）

理解原文是整个翻译过程的第一步。这是最关键，也是最容易出问题的一步。理解是译文这座大厦的基地，地基没打扎实，大厦迟早要倒塌的。没有正确的理解，翻译者传达的就不是原作的意思，翻译活动就从根本上失去了意义。

1）正确理解应做到以下几点：

a. 除查字典、上下文的考查理解词义外，还要留意动词的时态、语态和语气等的用法，因为它们往往用来表达说话者的感情、态度、意图等方面的细微差别。

e.g. The famous actress was rather difficult.

这位著名的女演员相当难对付（经常）。

e.g. The famous actress was being rather difficult.

这位著名的女演员正在大闹别扭（一时之情况难以对付）。

e.g. She is silly 傻（state）犯傻

e.g. She is being silly 这样做很傻，发傻（一时的状态）

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b. 结合原文涉及的理论、专业知识、历史背景和地理环境等去理解原文，这一点很重要。

They did it under the bush of the United Nations.

他们是在联合国的幌子下（旗帜下，招牌下）干（做）这件事的。（可视事件的正义与否，来选择不同的词。）

e.g. Good wine needs no bush.

酒香客自来。

2）表达的问题(Representation)

理解好原文是翻译的关键，理解是翻译中的主要矛盾的主要方面，有了正确的理解后，就涉及到了表达的问题。关于表达，涉及的问题很多，最重要的是要防止机械主义，自由主义两种倾向（dead, [machnical]; liberal）。

机械主义：死扣原文字面，按字面的意思来译

e.g. “我骂得他狗血淋头”

*I cursed him till the dog’s blood went to his head. (出现在《金瓶梅》Golden Lotus译文

Better translation: I cursed him soundly. Or I give him a good scolding.

赛珍珠译《水浒传》(All Men are Brothers) 中机械主义的翻译（Pearl. S. Brek）

e.g. 你在家时，谁敢来放个屁。

When you were at home, who dared to come near and pass his wind?

When you were at home, who dared to come and insult me?

自由主义：不顾原文字句的意思，随心所欲地来进行翻译的一种表达方法。3)校改的问题

一．校改的必要

二．去除翻译腔：文字修饰

①惯用法，即同样的意思，译语习惯用什么样的方式表达。

②在不降低表现力的情况下，尽量选用简洁的表达法。

③为了译文明白顺畅，有时宜加一些“范畴词”。例如：

3. Strategies of translation

1) Literal/liberal translation;直译/意译；

直意：Crocodile tears. 鳄鱼的眼泪。

Armed to the teeth. 武装到牙齿。

Chain reaction. 连锁反应。

One country, two systems. 一国两制。

纸老虎Paper tiger.

习语翻译直译意译

七嘴八舌With seven mouths and

eight tongues. Everybody being eager to put in a word.

卡脖子To have sb. by the

throat. To give sb. tremendous trouble.

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软骨头 A soft bone. A spineless man

A superman

三头六臂(of a person) have three

heads and six arms.

意译：

Shakespeare put his hometown on the map.

莎士比亚使他的家乡声名远扬。

Darling, I think you talked so much.

孩子他妈，我看你硬是比祥林嫂还能说。

2) Domestication/Foreignization;

归化：“以译语文化为导向、以信息接受者为核心。”

e.g. 亚洲四小龙：The four Asian tiger.

异化：“以源语文化为导向、保留民族文化差异”。

e.g. 铁饭碗：Iron rice bowl 纸老虎：Paper tiger

4. Criteria of translation

1) Faithfulness (信)

2) Expressiveness (达)

3) Elegance (雅)

Period 2

ⅡBusiness English Translation

1. Features of business English;

2. Criteria of business English translation

1．Features

１）Differences from general translation;

２）Features

词汇：专业或半专业，常用介词，分词,名词话短语

句法：长短交替，并复常见，套语，被动语态，虚拟语气，无主句

语篇：7c完整(completeness)，简洁(conciseness)，具体(concreteness)，正确(correctness)，清晰(clarity)，礼貌(courtesy), 体谅(consideration)

Step 3 Practice

以英语信函为例：

１．内容与格式完整

All sales representatives will meet at 9:00 on Monday. （imcomplete）All sales representatives will meet at 9:00 on Monday, February 27,in Conference Room C. (complete)

2.语言简洁，条理清晰

主题突出，层次分明，可读性强，有时须附范例，说明，图示等

e.g. Dear Sir,

We wish to draw your attention to the result of inspection made by CCIB Shanghai of the consignment of sculpture under Contract No. OXHJ73091 MC

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shipped per s. s. “Sanming” and discharged at Shanghai:

purity:99.81% which is 0.09% lower than 99.9% as stipulated in the contract;

acidity:0.066% which is 0.056% higher than the contracted 0.01%;

hydrocarbon:0.101% which is higher by 0.031% than 0.07% as stipulated in the contract.

……..

3.具体明确：力求具体，明确，形象

力避含糊，空泛，抽象

We wish to confirm our fax dispatched yesterday.

Cf. We confirm our fax of July 2nd, 2003.

4.表达准确

牵涉到商务关系和经济利益

如long ton &short ton

Hong Kong Dollar/ US Dollar

1) 准确的事实，词语和数据：

1) This contract will come into effect from Oct.1.

cf. This contract will come into effect from and including October

1,2004.

All offers by telex are open for five days.

Cf. All offers by telex are open for five days inclusive of the date of

dispatch.

2) 实事求是，不要言过其实或表达不充分

This product is absolutely the best on the market.

Cf. This product is the best one we can supply.

We assure you that this error will never occur.

Cf. We’ll do all we can so that we may not repeat such an error.

3)正确使用术语

ＦＯＢ；ＣＩＦ；Ｌ／Ｃ；Ｂ／Ｌ

５.体谅：You-attitude

We regret to say that we have to cancel your order because of your failure to open the L/C in time.

cf. Please let us know if there is something in the way that precludes you from establishing the L/C,

6.礼貌

You must complete this report before Friday.

Cf. Will you please complete the report by Friday

You should organize a car pool in this department.

Cf. Organizing a car pool will reduce your transportation costs and help preserve the environment.

We ask you to make a prompt shipment.

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Cf. We would ask you to make a prompt shipment.

Your letter in reply to ours of May 18 came this morning, and now we do not

understand any more clearly your complaint than we did before.

cf. Thank you for your letter of May 20. In order that we may be of the greatest possible help to you, will you please tell us just what you wish us to

do about the matter?

2.Criteria

１．信达雅，忠实和通顺（共核标准）

２．忠实，地道，统一（个性标准）

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备课时间：2012 年 2 月12 日