电子信息专业英语课文翻译(部分)
电子信息专业英语翻译
Silicon microprocessors have been the heart of the computing world for more than 40 years. In that time,microprocessor manufacturers have crammed more and more electronic devices onto microprocessors. In accordance with Moore’s Law, the number of electronic devices put on a microprocessor has doubled every 18 months .Moore’s Law is named after Intel founder Gordon Moore ,who predicted in 1965 that microprocessors would double in complexity every two years. Many have predicted that Moore’s Law will soon reach its end because of the physical limitations of silicon microprocessors.The current process used to pack more and more transistors onto a chip is called deep-ultraviolet lithography ( DUVL), which is a photography-like technique that focuses light through lenses to carve circuit patterns on silicon wafers. DUVL will begin to reach its limit around 2005,At that time, chipmakers will have to look to other technologies to cram more transistors onto silicon to create more powerful chips.Many are already looking at extreme-ultraviolet lithography(EUVL) as a way to extend the life of silicon at least until the end of the decade. EUVL uses mirrors instead of lenses to focus the light, which allows light with shorter wavelengths to accurately focus on the silicon wafer.Beyond EUVL, researchers have been looking at alternatives to the traditional microprocessor design. Two of the more interesting emerging technologies are DNA computers and quantum computers.DNA computers have the potential to take computing to new levels, picking up where Moore’s Law leaves off. There are several advantages to using DNA instead of silicon:As long as there are cellular organisms, there will be a supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource.Unlike traditional microprocessors, which are made using toxic materials, DNA biochips can be made cleanly.DNA computers are many times smaller than today’s computers.DNA’s key advantage is that it will make computers smaller, while at the same time increasing storage capacity,than computer that has come before. One pound of DNA has the capacity to store more information than all the electronic computers ever built. The computing power if a teardrop-sized DNA computer, using the DNA logic gates, will be more powerful than the world’s most powerful supercomputer. More than 10-trillion DNA molecules can fit into an area no larger than 1 cubic centimeter (.06 inch3). With this small amount ofDNA ,a computer would be able to hold 10 terabytes(TB) of data and perform 10-trillion calculations at a time. By adding more DNA, more calculations could be performed .Unlike conventional computers could perform calculations simultaneously. Conventional computers operate linearly, taking on tasks one at a time. It is parallel computing that will allow DNA to solve complex mathematical problems in hours-problems that might take electrical computers hundreds of years to complete.Today’s computers work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: 0 or 1. Quantum computers aren’t limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits. A qubit can be a 1or a 0, or it can exist in a superposition that is simultaneously 1 and 0 or somewhere in between. Qubits represent atoms that are working together to serve as computer memory and a microprocessor. Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today’s most powerful supercomputers. A 30-qubit quantum computer would equal the processing power of a conventional computer capable of running at 10 teraops, or trillions of operations per second. Today’s fastest supercomputers have achieved speeds ofabout 2 teraops.Already we are seeing powerful computers in non-desktop roles. Laptop computers and personal digital assistants(PDAs) have taken computing out of the office. Wearable computers built into our clothing and jewelry will be with us everywhere we go. Out files will follow us while out computer provides constant feedback about our environment. V oice- and handwriting-recognition software will allow us to interface with out computers without using a mouse or keyboard . Magnetic RAM and other innovations will soon provide our PC with the same instant-on accessibility that our TV and radio have.One thing is an absolute certainty: The PC will evolve. Ti will get faster. It will have more capacity. And it will continue to be an integral part of our lives.硅微处理器成为计算世界的中心已经超过40年。
电子信息工程专业英语Lesson 15 Memory (存储器)翻译
存储器是计算机存储程序和数据的一部分。
专业术语“memory”经常指的是位于计算机内部的存储。
它也被称为实际存储器或主存储器,并且表现为大量的KB。
每一KB相当于1024字节,并且每一字节相当于8比特。
主存储器的主要功能是作为CPU和计算机系统其他组件的媒介。
它类似一个桌面,你可以把干活急需的东西放在上面。
CPU只使用存储在主存储器的软件指令和数据。
正如你所知道的,主存储器是一个随机存储器,或者称为RAM。
这命名鉴于这么一个事实——数据在电子主芯片中可以随意存放和恢复,而且不管数据在何处,存放和恢复的时间差不多是相同的。
主存储器是一个电子设备生产的不稳定的状态。
当电脑关机了,主存储器就清空了;当打开时,主存储器能够接收和保留一份软件指令和所需处理的数据。
由于主存储器是一种波动形式,它取决于电源并且电源也可能在处理过程中断电,用户通常将他们的工作保存到永久性存储设备,如磁盘或硬盘。
通常来说,主存储器主要是用于如下几个目的:Storage of a copy of the main software program that controls the general operation of the computer(储存一份用于控制计算机一般操作的主要的软件程序)。
当计算机打开时,这份拷贝被加载到主存储器中,并且它一直在那里只要计算机打开。
临时存储的应用程序指令由CPU检索用于解释和执行t emporary storage of data that has been input from the keyboard or other input device until instructions call for the data to be transferred into the CPU for processing(临时存储的数据已经从键盘或其他输入设备输入,直到指令调用的数据被转移到CPU迚行处理)t emporary storage of data that has been produced as a result of process until instructions call for the data to be used again in subsequent process or to be transferred to an output device such as the screen,a printer,or a disk storage device(由于处理的结果,临时存储的数据已经产生了,在接下来的迚程或将被转移到一个输出设备例如显示器,打印机,或者一块磁盘存储设备,直到指令调用数据将再次被使用)几种半导体存储器芯片被用于主存储器中。
电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译21
电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译2.1————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:2电路系统与设计2.1电路和系统1.基础概念电荷和导电性在Bohr的原子理论中(以Niels Bohr命名,1885-1962),电子围绕着质子和种子运动。
在相反极性电子和质子的电荷之间的吸引力使得原子连在一起。
具有同种电荷的粒子将会相互排斥。
电荷的测量值是库伦。
一个单独的电子或质子的电荷远小于一库伦,一个电子是—1.6×1(-19)库伦,一个质子是1.6×10(-19)库伦。
自然表明,只有一个质子的电荷和电子是反极性的。
这里没有固有的负极电子,只是很容易被称为正极的和质子负极的。
原子不同形态的电子有不同程度的自由度。
一些材料的形态,例如金属,最外层的电子受到很弱的约束使得它们能够在室温热能量的影响下载原子空间中自由运动。
因为这些事实上不受约束的电子式可以在自身的原子中自由运动的,也可以漂浮在临近的原子周围的空间中,它们常被称为自由电子。
在其他一些形态的材料中如玻璃,它的原子的电子几乎不能自由移动。
当外部的力量如物理摩擦时,能够强迫一些电子离开它们自身的原子,移动到其他物质的原子中,它们在材料的原子中不能很容易的移动。
这些在材料中电子的移动性的关系被认为是电子的导电性。
导电性决定于材料中原子的形态(每个原子核的栀子数,决定他的化学特性。
)和原子是怎样与另一个原子连接在一起的。
有高度灵活电子的材料(许多自由电子)被称为导体,而有很少灵活电子的材料(几乎或是没有自由电子)的材料被称为绝缘体。
必须知道,一些物质的化学特性将在不同环境下改变。
例如,玻璃在室温下是一个非常好的绝缘体,但当把它加热到相当高的温度时它就变成一个导体。
气体如空气,常态下是绝缘体,但如果加热到很高的温度也会变成导体。
大部分金属被加热时导电性能会下降,而被冷制的时候导电性能会更好。
(完整word版)电子信息工程专业英语导论B文章英文翻译(word文档良心出品)
第二章
电阻的测量
欧姆表测量电阻, 并为你提供了在欧姆表测量欧姆、千欧、兆欧的电阻值。
许多欧姆表就像下图。
(图1-2)
这里有一个内部能源, 提供了一个电压。
该能源可以是一个电池或是小功率电源。
电源驱动电压分压给两个串联电阻。
其中的一个电阻器是内部的仪表, 另一个是被测量的电阻。
内部表测量电阻两端的电压, 并将其转换成一个电阻读数。
被测量的电阻连接到欧姆表的端子上, 端子通常涂有黑色和红色。
用欧姆表测量电阻。
所有你需要做的就是将你的电阻连接到欧姆表, 如下图所示, 并肯定的是欧姆表设置在欧姆档上。
不要紧张那个引脚连接到那个端子, 它是没有关系的。
(电阻是一个“双边”元素, 两边是一样的)
这就是将欧姆表连接到电阻上的方法。
这里, 我们使用相同的电阻正如上面使用。
这里只是的欧姆表包含了上面显示的所有电路包括电源或电池和内阻。
此外。
在串联或并联的电路中电阻也可被计算。
如果电路包含串联电阻, 总电阻可以被计算, 就是将所有单个电阻加起来, R1到Rn是单个电阻。
作为一个例子, 假设两个6欧姆扬声器和一个4欧姆扬声器, 串联在一起。
总欧姆是: 6+6+4=16欧姆
电路中包含并联电阻则较为难以计算最终阻值。
该公式涉及到倒数。
说清楚, 当个电阻的倒数之和等于总电阻的倒数。
该公式显示如下:
1/R=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3…..+1/Rn
如果正好有两个电阻串联, 有一个更容易使用的公式: (见书)。
电子信息类专业英语 翻译
9单元 数字信号处理 Passage C Comparison of DSP and ASP
C篇 比较DSP和ASP
学号:20107600 姓名:章太元
A
1
Passage C Comparison of DSP and ASP
Signals may be processed using analog techniques (analog
signal processing, or ASP), digital techniques(digital signal
processing, or DSP), or a combination of analog and digital
techniques(mixed signal processing, or MSP). In some cases,
processors, performing such functions as multiplication (gain),
isolation (instrumentation amplifiers and isolation amplifiers),
A
6
detection in the presence of noise (high common-mode instrumentation amplifiers etc.), dynamic range compression (log amps, LOGDACs, and programmable gain amplifiers), and filtering (both passive and active). Several methods of accomplishing signal processing are shown in Figure 9.5. The top portion of the figure shows the purely analog approach. The latter parts of the figure show the DSP approach. Note that once the decision has been made to use DSP techniques, the next decision must be where to place the ADC in the signal path.
电子信息类专业英语 翻译
A
3
The term mixed signal processing implies that both analog and digital processing is done as part of the system. The system may be implemented in the form of a printed circuit board or a single integrated circuit chip. In the context of this broad definition, ADCs and DACs are considered to be mixed signal processors, since both analog and digital functions are implemented in each. Recent advances in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) processing technology allow complex digital processing as well as analog processing to be performed on the same chip. The very nature of DSP itself implies that these functions can be performed in real-time.
实中,模拟信号处理器,如乘法执行这些功能(增益),隔离
(仪表放大器和隔离放大器),在存在噪声检测(高共模仪表
电子信息工程专业英语=文章翻译+课后解答
电子信息工程专业英语Part 1第一课关于电子技术一、课文习题参考答案Ⅰ. (1)alternating current circuits (2) semiconductor diodes(3) passive component(4) the combinatorylogic electric circuit(5) rectification(6) Laplace transform(7) inductor(8) Fourier series andFourier transformⅡ.(1)控制理论(2)场效应管三极管(3)布尔代数(4)稳压(5)相关性和功率谱密度(6)滤波器类型(7)模/数转换器(8)时序逻辑电路的分析与综合Ⅲ.(1)Electronics is a part of the largerfield of electricity. The basic principles of electricity are also common to electronics.Modern advances in the field of computer,control system, communications have a close relationship with electronics. The field of electronics includes the electron tube,transistor, integrated circuit and so on.(2) Direct current circuits & Alternating current circuits,Analog electronics,Digital electronics,signal and systems,Circuit theory and design, Control theory, Microcontroller systems,Computer programming for engineering applications.(3) This curriculum mainly introduces the characteristics of semiconductor devices in linear application scope.The content involved in semiconductor diodes (PN junction diodes, special purpose diodes), transistors (field effects and bipolar transistors), signal amplifiers, practical amplifiers, biasing circuits, operational amplifiers circuit and other circuits (rectification, regulation and DC power supplies).(4) This partial studies take the basic electric circuit theory and the operational amplifier knowledge as the foundation. The main study goal is to enhance understanding of the electric circuit theory. Its main contentincludes the elementary theory in circuit theory (network functions, characteristic frequencies), types of filter (lowpass,bandpass), review of operational amplifiers (design of first and second order using operational amplifiers, cascade design), filter characteristics(Butterworth, Chebyshev, frequency transformations in design, sensitivity design of passive LC ladder filters and a brief introduction to switched capacitor filters).(5) Perfect.二、参考译文电子学的发展电子学是电学的一部分。
电子信息工程专业英语=文章翻译+课后解答
电子信息工程专业英语Part 1第一课关于电子技术一、课文习题参考答案Ⅰ. (1)alternating current circuits (2)semiconductor diodes(3)passive component(4)the combinatory logic electric circuit(5)rectification(6)Laplace transform(7)inductor(8)Fourier series and Fourier transformⅡ.(1)控制理论(2)场效应管三极管(3)布尔代数(4)稳压(5)相关性和功率谱密度(6)滤波器类型(7)模/数转换器(8)时序逻辑电路的分析与综合Ⅲ.(1)Electronics is a part of the larger field of electricity. The basic principles of electricity are also common to electronics. Modern advances in the field of computer, control system, communications have a close relationship with electronics. The field of electronics includes the electron tube, transistor, integrated circuit and so on.(2) Direct current circuits & Alternating current circuits,Analog electronics,Digital electronics,signal and systems,Circuit theory and design, Control theory, Microcontroller systems,Computer programming for engineering applications.(3) This curriculum mainly introduces the characteristics of semiconductor devices in linear application scope.The content involved in semiconductor diodes (PN junction diodes, special purpose diodes), transistors (field effects and bipolar transistors), signal amplifiers, practical amplifiers, biasing circuits, operational amplifiers circuit and other circuits (rectification, regulation and DC power supplies).(4) This partial studies take the basic electric circuit theory and the operational amplifier knowledge as the foundation. The main study goal is to enhance understanding of the electric circuit theory. Its main content includes the elementary theory in circuit theory (network functions, characteristic frequencies), types of filter (lowpass,bandpass), review of operational amplifiers (design of first and second order using operational amplifiers, cascade design), filter characteristics(Butterworth, Chebyshev, frequency transformations in design, sensitivity design of passive LC ladder filters and a brief introduction to switched capacitor filters).(5) Perfect.二、参考译文电子学的发展电子学是电学的一部分。
电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译21
电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译2.1————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:2电路系统与设计2.1电路和系统1.基础概念电荷和导电性在Bohr的原子理论中(以Niels Bohr命名,1885-1962),电子围绕着质子和种子运动。
在相反极性电子和质子的电荷之间的吸引力使得原子连在一起。
具有同种电荷的粒子将会相互排斥。
电荷的测量值是库伦。
一个单独的电子或质子的电荷远小于一库伦,一个电子是—1.6×1(-19)库伦,一个质子是1.6×10(-19)库伦。
自然表明,只有一个质子的电荷和电子是反极性的。
这里没有固有的负极电子,只是很容易被称为正极的和质子负极的。
原子不同形态的电子有不同程度的自由度。
一些材料的形态,例如金属,最外层的电子受到很弱的约束使得它们能够在室温热能量的影响下载原子空间中自由运动。
因为这些事实上不受约束的电子式可以在自身的原子中自由运动的,也可以漂浮在临近的原子周围的空间中,它们常被称为自由电子。
在其他一些形态的材料中如玻璃,它的原子的电子几乎不能自由移动。
当外部的力量如物理摩擦时,能够强迫一些电子离开它们自身的原子,移动到其他物质的原子中,它们在材料的原子中不能很容易的移动。
这些在材料中电子的移动性的关系被认为是电子的导电性。
导电性决定于材料中原子的形态(每个原子核的栀子数,决定他的化学特性。
)和原子是怎样与另一个原子连接在一起的。
有高度灵活电子的材料(许多自由电子)被称为导体,而有很少灵活电子的材料(几乎或是没有自由电子)的材料被称为绝缘体。
必须知道,一些物质的化学特性将在不同环境下改变。
例如,玻璃在室温下是一个非常好的绝缘体,但当把它加热到相当高的温度时它就变成一个导体。
气体如空气,常态下是绝缘体,但如果加热到很高的温度也会变成导体。
大部分金属被加热时导电性能会下降,而被冷制的时候导电性能会更好。
电子信息与通信工程专业英语课文翻译1.4
基础电子学电子学衍生于对电力的研究和应用,是工程学和应用物理学的领域。
电力涉及力的产生,传输与使用金属导体。
电子学利用电子不同的运动方式及通过供气材料,如硅与锗等半导体,其他设备如太阳能电池,LED,微波激射器,激光及微波管等实现。
电子学应用于包括广播、雷达、电视、卫星系统传输,导航辅助设备系统,控制系统,空间探测设备,微型设备如电子表,许多电气设备和电脑等方面。
1.电子学的开端电子学的历史始于20世纪,包括三个关键元素:真空管,晶体管和集成电路。
19世纪早期是理论和发明取得重大发展的时代。
发现了红外线和紫外线。
道尔顿在1808年提出了原子理论。
在1840年之前就发现了热电效应、电解效应和光电效应。
20年之间相继产生了工作在低压下的放电管,辉光放电,新型电池及早期的扩音器。
因此,在1800—1875年之间,发现了基本的物理现象,电话,留声机,麦克风及扬声器等在实际应用中达到了极致。
至于19世纪末期,无线电报,磁记录,阴极射线示波器等都被发明了。
20世纪早期也见证了现代电子技术的开端。
1880年爱迪生发明了白炽灯成为现代电子领域的历史先驱者。
他发现有微弱的电流从加热的灯丝流向真空管内附着的金属板。
这就是众所周知的“爱迪生效应”。
如果使用了一个非电器的热源,注意到电池仅是必要的用来加热灯丝使电子移动。
1904年,约翰利用爱迪生效应发明了二极管,李.德.佛列思特紧接着在1906年发明了三极管。
这些真空管设备使电子能源控制的放大及传输成为可能。
20世纪初真空管的引入使现代电子学快速成长。
采用真空管让信号的控制成为可能,这是早期的电报电话电路不可能实现的,也是早期用高压电火花产生无线电波的发射机所不能实现的。
电子管首先应用于无线通信。
Guglielmo Marconi于1896年开辟了无线电报的发展,于1901年实现了远距离广播交流。
早期的收音机包括了无线电报(摩尔斯电码信号传输)或收音机电话(语音留言)。
