2018年10月全国自学考试物流英语内部试题库(二)
全国10月高等教育自学考试外语教学法试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试外语教学法试题课程代码：00833Write all your answers on the Answer Sheet!Ⅰ. Multiple Choice:(15%)Directions: In this section, you are given 15 questions beneath each of which are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Your are to make the best choice either to complete theincomplete statement or to answer the question. One point is given to each correctchoice.1. What is Stephen Krashen?A. He is a language teacher.B. He is an applied linguist.C. He is an anthropologist.D. He is a grammarian.2. The general objectives of the Total Physical Response Method are to teach _______proficiency at a beginning level.A. oralB. readingC. auralD. writing3. It is believed that grammar analysis and translation began to be the basic procedures in foreignlanguage teaching from _______.A. about 2,500 years agoB. almost 1,000 years agoC. the 16th centuryD. the beginning of the 20th century4. Palmer viewed that classroom language teaching should follow the _______ principles oflanguage learning.A. naturalisticB. mentalisticC. cognitiveD. understanding5. The Oral Approach was developed by _______.A. American structuralistsB. British applied linguistsC. cognitive scienceD. transformational grammar6. Which of the following do Krashen and Terrell NOT emphasize?A. CommunicationB. V ocabularyC. MeaningD. Grammar7. In the Grammar-Translation Method, grammar analysis and translation proved to be _______ instudying foreign culture through literary works.A. ineffective meansB. unaffective meansC. affective meansD. effective means8. In the Oral Approach, procedures at any level aim to move from _______ to _______ practice ofstructures.A. freer, controlledB. controlled, freerC. controlled, more controlledD. free, freer9. One of the most prominent contributions made by Palmer is _______ of vocabulary.A. the oral skillsB. frequency accountsC. the ideal presentationD. the efficient recitation10. Which of the following types of questions is NOT included in the Grammar-TranslationMethod?A. Questions whose answers are learner's subjective judegments.B. Questions whose answers are based on Dbjective information in the text.C. Questions whose answers are learner's inferences based on the text.D. Questions whose answers are related to learners' own experience.11. In _______ English became a formal requirement for the entrance examination in China andbegan to appear in the curriculum for the 4th and 5th year of primary schools.A. 1952B. 1962C. 1972D. 198212. The natural order hypothesis means _______.A. people acquire language rules in a predictable orderB. language rules must be taught in a certain orderC. language rules must be learned in a certain orderD. people tend to acquire simple rules early and difficult rules late.13. The input involves the following issues EXCEPT _______ .A. people acquire language best by understanding input slightly above their present level ofcompetenceB. the learner's ability to speak fluently cannot be taught directlyC. people must study grammar in order to express themselves correctlyD. with sufficient quantity of comprehensible input, i+l will usually be provided automatically14. The Silent Way is considered suitable for _______.A. more advanced learnersB. beginnersC. more advanced classes as well as for students at the beginning stagesD. learners' interactions with each other15. Which of the following statements is true in the Grammar-Translation Method?A. L1 was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L2.B. L2 was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L1.C. Latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L2.D. Latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of L1.Ⅱ. Filling Blanks:(20%)Directions: In this section there are 15 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.16. In the Direct Method only ________ vocabulary and sentences are taught.17. The ________ Method advocated the priority of oral skills for the first time in the languageteaching field.18. The idea of conditioning is based on the theory that you can train an animal to do anything ifyou follow a certain procedure which has three major stages:________,________, and reinforcement.19. In his review of Skinner's Verbal Behaviour, Chomsky explained his rejection of thebehaviourist model of language acquisition on the basis of his model of competence and ________.20. According to Canal and Swain, ________ competence refers to the interpretation of individualmessage elements in terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in relationship to the entire discourse or text.21. According to Canal and Swain, ________ refers to an understanding of the social contexts inwhich communication takes place.22. ________ is vital element in the learning process, because it increases the likelihood that thebehaviour will occur again and eventually become a habit.23. In 1957, Noam Chomsky published his book ________ ________.24. Piaget considers that conceptual growth occurs because the child, while actively attempting toadapt to the environment, organizes actions into schemata through the processes of ________ and accommodation.25. In the behaviorist view, it was the ________ conditions that would cause animals as well ashuman beings to behave in a particular way.26. ________ analysis is the study of how sentences in spoken and ________ language form largermeaningful units such as paragraphs, conversations, and interviews.27. To teach a foreign language well, we must divide it into small ________ units.28. Behaviourist psychology states that human and animal behaviour can and should be studied interms of ________ processes only.29. The emphasis on the ________ with new language items and on language skills, rather than onlanguage ________, is important in achieving automaticity of using the target language.30. The generative linguist is interested not only in ________ language but also in explaininglanguage. In other words, they attempt to find the what as well as the ________ in the study of language.Ⅲ. Matching:(15%)Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①，②，③，④,and ⑤in Column A with the onemarked a, b, c, d, and e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match.31. A B①the theory of language underlying the a. problem solving activitiesnatural approach b. to help the students to develop basic②the theory of learning underlying the communication skillsnatural approach c. class time being devoted primarily to③one of the objectives of the natural providing input for acquisitionapproach d. communication as the primary function of④one of the techniques of the natural approach language⑤one of the main features of the natural e. the monitor modelapproach32. A B①the theory of language underlying the a. language best learned through use in socialcommunicative approach context②the theory of learning underlying the b. to develop the students' communicativecommunicative approach competence③one of the objectives of the c. role playcommunicative approach④one of the techniques of the d. the introduction of authentic texts into thecommunicative approach learning situation⑤one of the main features of the e. functional linguisticscommunicative approach33. A B①the theory of language underlying the a. translationgrammar-translation method②the theory of learning underlying the b. the emphasis on the teaching of the secondgrammar-translation method language grammar③one of the techniques of the grammar- c. superiority of the written form over the spokentranslation method form of the language④one of the techniques of the grammar- d. the faculty of psychologytranslation method⑤one of the main features of the e. enabling the learners to read and translate thegrammar-translation method literature of the target languageⅣ. Question for Brief Answers:(30%)Directions: This section has six questions. You are to briefly answer them. Five points are given to each question.34. What is the major difference between American Structuralism and British Structuralism?35. What are the roles of the learner in the communicative approach?36. When do most experts of foreign language teaching believe the Grammar-Translation Methodbegan to become a formal foreign language teaching method?37. What are the objectives of language teaching according to cognitive proponents?38. What are the four issues related to the input hypothesis of Krashen's monitor model of L2learning theory?39. Name some negative psychological factors in accordance with the acculturation theory.Ⅴ. Questions for Long Answers:(20%)Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you've learned. Tenpoints are given to each question.40. Compared with the Communicative Approach, the Oral Approach is still not enough to developlearners' communicative competence, why?41. What procedures were followed by the ELT method in the late 19th century and what were themajor features of the method used in the 1950s and 1960s in China?。
【自考真题】2018年10月自考00097外贸英语写作试题含答案
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外贸英语写作试卷(课程代码00097)本试卷共4页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背均可作草稿纸。
2．第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3．第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题l分。
共20分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
第二部分非选择题二、改错：本大题共l0小题，每小题2分，共20分。
下列每句各有一个错误，找出错误并改正。
请将错误及改正写在答题卡(纸)上。
四、标点改错：本大题共l0小题，每小题l分。
共l0分。
下面每句都有一个标点符号错误，该用标点处未用标点或标点符号用错。
改正错误或补写标点，并将其与前面的一个单词一起填写在答题卡(纸)上。
五、备忘录写作：本大题l5分。
按要求写一份50个单词左右的备忘录。
六、信函写作：本大题25分。
按要求写一封字数为130—150的信函。
52．你公司生产各类办公家具，最近收到客户来信，询问新款文件柜。
请写一封应求推销信，内容如下：(1)确认收到来信，感谢对方询问该产品。
(2)介绍该产品的特点为使用简单、存档方便、节省空间、价格合理，所以非常畅销。
(3)交货迅速。
如及时下订单，更能给予5％的折扣。
(4)库存不多，望早日订货，以便能为对方提供满意服务。
2018年4月高等教育自学考试《英语二》历年真题及答案
2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷及答案(课程代码00015)满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。
3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
一、阅读判断(第1~10题，每题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Life on the FarmLife on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers.They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up.Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier.Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before.In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require.Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are still animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice.The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever.1.Factory farms now produce most of the products. AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. CA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given3.Small family farms find it hard to survive. AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given4. Plowing and sowing by machines are advances in modern farming.AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given5.Modern farm products cost more than those from traditional farming.BA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.Most farmers cannot afford new machines.CA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given7.Modern farmers do not have to work hard.BA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given8.New technologies have not changed farm management.BA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.There are fewer and fewer family-run farms now.AA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10.Modern farms are hiring workers from cities.CA.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given二、阅读选择（11--15，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题纸相应位置上将该项涂黑Christmas GiftMary didn't know what to send to her grandparents for Christmas. lt was always hard to choose a good Christmas present for them. They didn't need much, and it was hard for her to becreative every year ,One year, she sent them a big wooden elephant. lt sat on the counter for a year, but then it disappeared, probably into a closet somewhere.Another year, she made handmade soaps with nice smells, but they probably weren't any better than store-bought soaps. Last year, she sent lots of nice pictures of herself in frames, but grandparents' house was small, and they couldn't hang up very many.This year, she decided on fruit. She lived where it was warm and there was lots of nice fruit. Her grandparents lived up north, where it was colder and they couldn't get fresh fruit all year, or at least not oranges and grapefruit. Fresh fruit was healthy for her grandparents, too.Mary went to a fruit store and sampled the red oranges. She really liked them and bought a kilogram. Then she tried three kinds of grapefruit.The white ones were sour. The star grapefruit were interesting, but the dark red grapefruit were great.So she got a kilogram.Mary carefully packed the fruit in a box to keep them safe and dry in case one got smashed and its juice got everywhere. Then she wrote the address on the box and mailed it from the store. She felt happy with what she bought.A few days later, Mary got a phone call from her grandparents,thanking her for the lovely fruit. They said it was a healthy, tasty, and very thoughtful gift. Mary had never felt so good before.11.Mary was troubled because she__A_A. had no idea for a holiday giftB. was not creative in her workC. could not afford Christmas giftsD. found her grandma hard to please12.What did Mary send her grandparents last year?____C__A.A wooden elephant.B.Handmade soaps.C.Her own pictures.D.A store-bought closet.13.In selecting the gifts, Mary was__D_A.excitedB.impatientC.exhaustedD.thoughtful14.Which of the following did Mary buy for her grandparents this year?___B__A.Yellow oranges.B.Dark red grapefruitC.White grapefruit.D.Star grapefruit.15.Mary's grandparents_A__A.loved her giftB.sent her а cardC.wrote her a letterD.put her gift away三、概括段落大意和补全句子(第16~ 25题，每题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务:（1）从第16~ 20题后所给的6个选项中，为第1 ~ 5段每段选择1个正确的小标题; (2) 从第21 ~ 25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
自学考试_全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试外贸英语写作试题
外绝密绎考试结束前全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试贸英语写作试题课程代码:00097请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
选择题部分注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、单项选择题:本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的,请将其选出,并将“答题纸冶的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.Proposals submitted by were considered.A.her and me B.her and I C.she and I D.she and me2.Mr.Steward is the onewe have selected as supervisor.A.whoeverB.whichC.whomD.who 3.The training section of this company consists ten staff.A.ofB.inC.forD.with 4.The news I heard from my family quite good.A.beingB.wasC.wereD.are 5.Did you go on many ski trips this year?N o ,.A.not much B.quite less C.very little D.very few 6.A r o und the w o rld ,there m a y be a m illi o n earthquakes in a sin g le y ear.A.as many as B.so many asC.as much asD.so much as 7.the car seems to be his main hobby.A.WashB.WashingC.WashedD.To wash 8.Andrew does the work than Paul.A.more slowlyB.more slowC.slowerD.much slowly9.yo u take yo ur m edicine,yo u w ill f eel.A.The sooner…betterB.Sooner…the betterC.Sooner…betterD.The sooner…the better10.George knew he could improve the way of marketing.A.how thatB.whichC.howD.how to11.A ll the rep o rt sh o uld be c o m plete,c o ncise,and.A.accurateB.accuracyC.writing accuratelyD.written accurate12.You can get the loan you offer good security.A.unlessB.ifC.butD.and13.Mr.Baron is anxious the big project.A.of winningB.winningC.winD.to win14.I know he spends as much time reading books as.A.exercisesB.doing exercisesC.do exercisesD.does exercises15.Y o u w ere supp o sed t o sta y in yo ur seats,keep yo ur e y es o n yo ur w o rk,t o an yo ne.A.but could not talkB.could not talkC.and not to speakD.but not speak16.,Andrew felt relieved.A.To complete the interviewpleted the interviewC.The interview was completedD.Having completed the interview17.“D o yo u ha v e m y passp o rt,J o e?冶“Y es,I ha v e ri g ht here.冶A.oneB.one passportC.itD.this18.I‘m helping to organize the political convention.I‘m in charge of welcoming the.A.Out-of-town visitorsB.visitors from out-of-townC.visitors out-of-townD.out town visitors19.We thank you for your enquiry our newly designed office furniture.A.atB.withC.aboutD.to20.Microscopes make small things appear larger than.A.they are reallyB.they really areC.really areD.are really非选择题部分注意事项:用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
2018年10月自考05844国际商务英语试题及答案含评分标准
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
国际商务英语试卷
（课程代码05844）
本试卷共3页，满分l00分。
考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：
1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸. 2．必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
3．合理安排答题空间。
超出答题区域无效.
11．仲裁
12．贸易惯例
13．托运人
14．并购
15．对销贸易
16．反倾销
17．货币流通
18．契约承运人
19. 关税配额
20. 发票
42．除了国际贸易和投资,国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
43．经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会,同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。
44．合同依法实施,未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉,并被强制做出赔偿。
45．控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一，而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。
46．信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试00012英语1真题含答案
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(一) 试卷(课程代码00012)本试卷共8页，满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2．第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3.第三一七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
第一部分：阅读判断(第l～10题，每题l分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
第二部分：阅读选择(第11～l5题，每题2分，共l0分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第四部分：填甸补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分)，下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第五部分：填词补文(第31～40题，每题l.5分，共l5分)下面的短文有l0处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中l0个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第六部分：完形补文(第41～50题，每题l.5分，共15分)下面的短文有l0处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。
《物流专业英语(第3版)》试题库 03_参考答案_模拟试题_2__物流专业英语(3)
1 / 7__________大学 2012～2013学年第____学期 《物流专业英语》模拟试卷 （二） 参考答案I. 术语翻译（本大题共30个小题，每小题0.5分，共15分） （一）英译汉部分 1)retail outlet 零售网点 2)production and distribution 生产及配送 3)raw materials 原材料 4)semi-finished goods 半成品 5)finished goods 成品 6)physical distribution 实物配送 7)recycling 回收（二）汉译英部分8) 线路预测route forecasts 9) 安全储备security reserves 10) 临时储存temporary storage 11) 再加工reprocessing 12) 散货流转bulk movements, 姓名学号班级 座位号 考试说明。
1、本试卷为闭卷考试 2、试卷中所有试题的答案均写在答题纸上 3、总分：100分，考试时间：120分钟13)多点流转multi-drop movement14)零担载货part loads15)多种零担载货multi-part loads.II.完成下列句子（本大题共15个小题，每小题1分，共15分）16)Transport is often place-oriented while distribution is _______________________ （面向客户的）. (customer-oriented)17)In practice, the logistics distribution mode varies with operator,_______________________ （产品的性质）, location, and other factors. (nature of product)18)Even the same DC may simultaneously adopt _______________________（若干有区别的配送模式）as per the specific situations. (a number of differentiated distribution modes)19)The term ‘movement’ refers to the _______________________（规划、监督和控制）of the movement of goods and people. (planning, monitoring and controlling)20)Such movements exist through all the stages of the journey_______________________（在起点和最终目的地之间）, including any interchange, documentation processing, temporary accommodation and the procurement of the means of transport. (between origin and ultimate destination)21)This will save time and money, make the operation more profitable, and help_______________________（最小化任何潜在的有害影响）on the environment.(minimize any potentially harmful effects)22)_______________________（集中控制）means that sufficient information is availablefor the right decisions to be made promptly and the resources are available for carrying out the decisions. (Centralized control)23)In order to do this, the operator has to keep traffic moving without unnecessary checksand _______________________（避免堵塞）at bottlenecks, transfer points and terminals. (avoid congestion)24)Failure to maintain an even flow will result in _______________________（延长行车时间）and turn-round and inefficient use of transport resources. (extended journey times)25)Maximum utilization is achieved by a series of techniques: such as loading a unit oftransport _______________________（达到其最大允许容量）. (to its maximum permissible capacity)26)All of this must be consistent with the requirements of safety, adequate crew rest,2/ 7_______________________（遵守速度和载货规定）and fuel efficiency. (compliance with speed and load regulations)27)This unit deals with three such categories: bulk movements,_______________________（多点式运输）and multi-part loads. (multi-drop movement)28)Typically bulk movements are of _______________________（低价值商品）which canbe moved at low cost, usually with no great urgency. ( low-value commodities)29)The exceptions include road delivery of_______________________（专业燃油）andraw materials, for example heating oils and food ingredients. (specialist fuels)30)Such bulk commodities can be dangerous goods, and therefore require_______________________（搬运方面的专门技术）. (expertise in handling)III.用动词的适当形式填空（本大题共10个小题，每小题1分，共10分）31)As with rail and air transport, large sums of money have to __________(spend) onmaintenance and control of traffic through the seaway. (be spent)32)These costs have to __________(add) to the operator’s own high costs. (be added)33)Sea transport __________(outdo) other forms of transport in terms of safety andcost-efficiency. (outdoes)34)Smaller non-urgent goods can __________(put) into containers for shipping in bulk.(be put)35)Costing is the process of __________(analyze) the costs and benefits of differentoptions. (analyzing)36)Costing is often __________ (refer) to as ‘cost-benefit analysis (CBA)’. (referred)37)The prime purpose of costing is to show the total cost of the service__________(render), and to analyze the composition of that cost. (rendered)38)The managers want to know how much it costs to __________(transport) a singlepassenger on the basis of per mile of travel.(transport)39)Indirect costs are costs __________(incur) incurred when running a business, ieadvertising, telephones, office staff salaries, heat and light, insurance on products, etc.(incurred)40)Fixed costs may __________ (not affect) by mileage or vehicle activity. (not beaffected)IV.概念解释（本大题共10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）3/ 741)What is VMI?VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) is a means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributor’s inventory levels. The manufacturer has access to the distributor’s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase orders.42)What is bonded logistics?Bonded logistics refers to a range of special operations often conducted in a warehouse or other secured area in which dutiable goods may be stored, manipulated, or undergo manufacturing operations without payment of duty. It may be managed by the state or by private enterprise.43)What is JIT?Just in Time or JIT method creates the movement of material into a specific location at the required time, i.e. just before the material is needed in the manufacturing process.44)What is green logistics?Green Logistics is a supply chain management strategy that reduces the environmental and energy footprint of freight distribution. It focuses on material handling, waste management, packaging and transport.45)What is a 4PL Provider? 什么是4PL?Fourth Party Logistics, or 4PL, is the shared sourcing in supply chain spanning activity with a client and select teaming partner, under the direction of a 4PL integrator.46)What is Integrated logistics support?Integrated logistics support (ILS) is an integrated and iterative process for developing material and a support strategy that optimizes functional support, leverages existing resources, and guides the system engineering process to lower life cycle cost and decrease the logistics footprint (demand for logistics), making the system easier to support.47)What is City Logistics?City Logistics is the process for totally optimizing the logistics and transport activities by private companies with the support of advanced information systems in urban areas considering the traffic environment, its congestion, safety and energy savings within the framework of a market economy.48)What is ICT?ICT, short for ‘information and communication technology’, is the use of electronic processing media for the collection, analysis and evaluation of data, and the transfer of information from one point to another.49)What is EDI? 什么是EDI？Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to the structured transmission of data between4/ 7organizations by electronic means. It is used to transfer electronic documents from one computer system to another, i.e. from one trading partner to another trading partner. It is more than mere E-mail; for instance, organizations might replace bills of lading and even checks with appropriate EDI messages.50)What is e-business?E-business, or e-commerce, refers to the processing of business transactions via electronic means and with digitalized data.This data can be texts, images, sound, video or the combination thereof, which are transmitted over either open networks like the World Wide Web, or over closed networks like the Intranet and Extranet.V.英译汉（本大题共5个小题，每小题2分，共10分）51)Supply chain management has seen a large shift in recent years from the use ofin-house logistics operations to the use of third party logistics providers. 供应链管理近年来见证了从使用内部物流作业到使用第三方物流提供商的巨大转变。
10月全国自考英语写作基础试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作基础试题课程代码: 00597Ⅰ.重写句子（15 points, 1.5 points each）Revise the following sentences according to the requirement.Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways.(periodic sentence )In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.1.The Irish ambassador bid us farewell when the party ended.( simple sentence)2.We don’t dare to eat these vegetables.They are seriously polluted by insecticides.(compoundsentence)3.The cloud gets longer and gets closer to the ground.It begins to pull up dirt from the ground.（complex sentence）4.I have a new digital camera, but I don’t know how to use it properly.(compound-complexsentence)5.It’s true whether you believe it or not.(periodic sentence)6.Tiger Woods is the name of a young American golfer.He set a record in the 1997 Master’sTournament.He surprised all the veterans.He was 22 at the time.(long sentence)7.At the official launch (发布会) of Beatrix Porter’s Peter Rabbit, the invited children willparticipate in the singing and dancing session.They will enjoy storytelling of the tales.(parallel structure)8.Mamoru Oshii’s Japanese animé(动画) Ghost in the Shell 2 made a hit among the Asianmovies that competed.(periodic sentence)9.I sat in the front row, but I did not get his words.(compound-complex sentence)10.China’s economic boom is sucking in commodities like soy beans and steel.Brazil is a majorexporter.(complex sentence)Ⅱ.改写病句（15 points, 3 points each）Correct the errors in the following sentencesExample: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television.I resolved never to buy thatbrand again.After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I resolved never to buy thatbrand again.111.My brother’s house is on Alp Street.Which is getting new sewers next week.12.Many large department stores issue credit cards to their customers can be used to makepurchases at a particular store.13.Born in New Zealand, it is natural to enjoy eating roast lamb.14.She hoped, by doing lots of revision and studying, pass the exams.15.The mayor was described as a round, squat (矮胖的) man with a droopy(下垂的)beardweighing 60 kg.Ⅲ.标出主题句（15 points, 5 points each）16.Choose the best topic sentence from the group below.Write the choice in the blank.A.As tourists, people are expected to learn the traffic rules in a foreign land.B.As tourists, people are allowed to break the minor rules in a foreign land.C.It’s hard to develop universal traffic rules.D.There seems to be a growing need for all countries to adopt a set of international traffic rules. Answer:17.Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.Scientists have learned to supplement the sense of sight in numerous ways.In front of the tiny pupil of the eye they put, on Mount Palomar, a great monocle (单片眼镜) 200 inches in diameter, and with it see 2000 times farther into the depths of space.Or they look through a small pair of lenses arranged as a microscope (显微镜) into a drop of water or blood, and magnify (放大) by as much as 2000 diameters the living creatures there, many of which are among man’s most dangerous enemies.Or, if we want to see distant happenings on earth, they use some of the previously wasted electromagnetic (电磁的) waves to carry television images which they re-create as light by whipping tiny crystals on a screen with electrons (电子) in a vacuum.Or they can bring happenings of long ago and far away as colored motion pictures, by arranging silver atoms and color-absorbing molecules (分子、微粒) to force light waves into the patterns of original reality.Or if we want to see into the center of a steel casting or the chest of an injured child, they send the information on a beam of penetrating (穿透的) short-wave X rays, and then convert it back into images we can see on a screen or photograph.Thus almost every type of electromagnetic radiation yet discovered has been used to extend our sense of sight in some way.18.Read the following paragraph carefully and select the best topic sentence from the fourpossible answers that follow the paragraph.Topic Sentence:Many Americans fear that foreign investors in this country want to take over the American economy from the inside.But in reality, things don’t work that way.Of the trillion dollars in foreign investments in this country, three-quarters are in bank deposits or securities—that is, in2paper only.Foreign-owned businesses in the U.S., such as hamburger chains and hotels, generate jobs and new growth because they are totally dependent on the local population for staffing and customers.Americans are the ones who must be sought after as workers, renters, tourists, and patrons.Throughout its history, the U.S.has relied on foreign capital to finance a great deal of its development, but this has never stood in the way of our democracy.A.Foreign-owned businesses in America need Americans.B.There’s no need for Americans to fear foreign influence in this country.C.Most of the foreign investment in this country is on paper, not in cash.D.Americans are in constant fear that foreign investors might stand in the way of American democracy.Ⅳ.重新组合段落（5 points, 1 point each）Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically.Put the numbers in proper sequence in the boxes provided below.19.One was a St.Bernard dog named Barry, who worked in the Alps in the early 1800’s, whenSt.Bernards were still used to rescue people caught in snowdrifts or avalanches (雪崩).20.Then there was Chips, the first war dog to be shipped overseas during World War Ⅱ.21.Yet another animal hero was a canary named Bibs, the pet of an elderly woman, Tess, wholived alone in Tennessee and whose niece lived nearby.22.Bibs died after alerting the niece.23.Among the numerous heroes of history are animals.24.He saved more than forty lives.25.One night Chips pulled away from his handler and attacked a German weapons position,3Ⅴ.标出与段落内容无关的句子（10 points）Read the following paragraphs and cross out the irrelevant sentences.City dwellers are becoming so numerous that fewer and fewer people can imagine what it is like to live near to nature, to be regulated by natural events, to be surrounded by the mysteries of the seasons and feel the pulse of time.It is far from enough to read about nature, to camp occasionally, to travel around by car.Life in the country as farmers live is as distinct as can be from life in towns and cities.Of course, everyone can see this sociologically.There are so many different ways of being entertained in a city outside office or factory hours.People entertain themselves at their homes.There are few distractions on a farm and the hours of work are as long as daylight.Still, the main differences lie somewhere else.Country life is demanding and calls for many skills.One has to be a jack-of-all-trades to cope with numerous emergencies and with the varying needs of the moment for, except on the largest farms, it is not easy to enlist the help ofa specialist for each breakdown in machinery, plumbing or electricity.It is not possible to putoff jobs on the land if the weather is going to change.Services of various kinds in the city still leave room for improvement.Ⅵ.写信（40 points）You (Liu Dan) received a present of some money from a relative.Write a letter to thank him or her for the present and say what you intend to do with it, such as paying the registration fee for new courses and rents, and buying textbooks and reference books.Promise that you will keep him or her informed of your life and study at school.(150-200 words)4。
全国10月高等教育自学考试电子商务与现代物流试题及答案解析
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试电子商务与现代物流试题课程代码：00915一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
1.下列说法中，正确的是( )A.所有商品都适合采用电子商务的销售形式B.电子商务中的物流业务均由第三方物流公司承担C.电子商务的物流成本低于传统商务的物流成本D.ISP、ICP、制造企业、流通企业均可开展电子商务业务2.配送对电子商务的意义是( )A.电子商务的利润来源B.电子商务的最终目标C.实现电子商务的重要保证D.传统商务区别于电子商务的主要特征3.配送成为我国电子商务发展的“瓶颈”，是由于( )A.无人承担配送业务B.尚无电子商务的配送网络C.配送服务供需双方相互分离D.尚未形成适合电子商务发展的配送体系4.物流的增值服务是指( )A.增加商品价值的服务B.增加商品使用价值的服务C.超常规、创新性的服务D.除仓储、运输基本功能之外的服务5.电子商务的物流系统优化目标是( )A.以最低的送货成本实现销售目标B.以最低的存货成本实现销售目标C.以最低的物流总成本实现销售目标D.以最高水平的物流服务实现销售目标6.下列说法中，对物流概念正确的表述是( )A.物流是物资流通B.物流是商品储运C.物流是物的实体流通D.物流与供应链是一回事7.第三方物流是( )A.由生产者组织的物流B.由销售者组织的物流C.由专业物流企业组织的物流D.由生产者和销售者共同组织的物流8.现代物流与传统储运最重要的区别特征是( )A.单证电子化B.要素集成化C.业务程化D.作业机械化9.物流总成本分析法的实质是( )A.进行总成本核算B.分析物流成本的构成C.剔除最高的要素成本D.通过总成本分析制定物流系统目标10.“物流中心+配送中心”的模式又称为( )A.LD模型B.CED模型C.LD-CED模型D.CED-LD模型11.ABC库存分类法中，A类库存品的( )A.金额占75%～80%，品种占15%～20%B.金额占10%～15%，品种占20%～25%C.金额占5%～10%，品种占60%～65%D.金额占50%，品种占50%12.下列库存管理技术中，与及时制(JIT)相同的是( )A.ABC分类B.零库存管理方式C.配送需求计划D.供应商管理库存13.采用高层货架储存、自动化作业方式和计算机控制管理的仓库是( )A.特种库B.智能库C.楼房库D.立体库14.运输规模经济原理是指运输规模越大( )A.单位商品的运输成本越低B.商品的总运输成本越低C.单位商品的变动成本越低D.运输的总变动成本越低15.下列运输现象中，属于运距不．合理的是( )A.重复运输B.迂回运输C.亏吨运输D.无效运输16.按照国际标准化组织(ISO)对集装箱的定义，货运集装箱的最小内容积为( )A.0.5m3B.1m3C.3m3D.5m317.商品直达运输的效果是( )A.减少运输环节B.避免重复运输C.消灭无效运输D.提高货车装载量18.电子商务中，按顾客订货的要求进行分拣、配货后，将配好的货物在规定的时间送交顾客的活动称为( )A.订货处理B.拣选配货C.货物运输D.商品配送19.共同配送是指参与配送的联合企业共同( )A.使用配送设施B.建立配送中心C.确立经营范围D.协商配送区域20.比较而言，在下列配送方式中，配送成本最高的配送方式是( )A.即时配送B.定时定量配送C.定时定路线配送D.定量定路线配送21.划分直送与配送区域的方法是( )A.图上作业法B.表上作业法C.节约里程法D.成本分歧点法22.配送中心作业流程正确的顺序是( )A.订单处理→分拣配货→组配→装车B.组配→订单处理→分拣配货→装车C.分拣配货→组配→订单处理→装车D.订单处理→组配→分拣配货→装车23.提高配送经济效益的主要途径是实行( )A.随时配送B.计划配送C.临时配送D.小批量配送24.下列因素中，对确定配送中心规模起影响作用的是( )A.柱网尺寸B.库房跨度C.仓容占用系数D.商品堆垛容量25.由物流各项要素活动组成的有机整体称为( )A.物流集合B.物流体系C.物流系统D.物流组织26.物流中“二律背反”的状态主要表现在( )A.数量与成本之间B.服务与成本之间C.数量与服务之间D.结构与成本之间27.物流系统化的涵义是指( )A.将物流的要素活动分为若干子系统B.使国家或区域内的物流活动形成一个系统C.将企业的物流活动交由一个部门统一管理D.把物流的七大功能作为一个系统组织、构造和管理28.物流成本管理的涵义是( )A.建立科学的成本核算体系B.正确地核算企业的物流成本C.通过物流成本核算管理物流D.谋求最低的物流成本29.物流成本核算中，按不同支付形态分类的“委托物流费”是指( )A.为其它企业垫付的物流费用B.其它企业为本企业垫付的物流费用C.向第三方物流企业支付的费用D.向本企业的物流部门支付的费用30.物流过程中，人、设备、工艺方法等方面的质量属于物流的( )A.工作质量B.工程质量C.服务质量D.作业质量二、填空题(本大题共5小题，每空1分，共10分)31.物流产业具有四个特征，即多行业性、基础性、________和________。
2018年4月自考00015英语（二）真题（附答案解析）
2018年4月自考00015英语（二）真题（附答案解析）2018 年 4 月自考 00015 英语（二）真题2018 年4 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）第一部分：阅读判断（第 1?10 题，每题 1 分，共 10 分）下面的短文后列出了 10 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Life on the FarmLife on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up.Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require.Modern farm life，despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what it has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hardwork. There are still animals to feed，cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm life still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice.The main change in modern farm life is in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever.1.Factory farms now produce most of theproducts. A．TrueB.FalseC.Not Given【答案】A【解析】题干大意：工厂农场现在生产大部分的产品。
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.2018年10月全国自考物流英语内部题库(二)一、语法、词汇。
用适当的词语填空。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。
(本大题共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分) Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (20 points)1. If you were the purchasing manager,what would youconsideration in buying raw materials?A. go toB. maketo C. take intoD. have to答案：C2. What is the Labour Party’son immigration?A. policyB. policeC. politeD. polity答案：A3. The changes to the national health system will benext year.A. carried withB. gone onC. doneD. implemented答案：D4. Do they havewater and food for a whole week?A. sufficientB. manyC. someD. overall答案：A5. The company is wellfor its good service to its customers.A. knowB. knownC. seenD. see答案：B6. It seems that he would beA. lightenedB. leveledC. promotedD. enhanced答案：Cthis year.7. We have to delay our voyageA. withB. untilC. inD. on答案：Bthe weather becomes better.8. Before shipment,the buyers generally send heirsellers.A. shipmentB. shipC. shippingD. shipped答案：Crequirements to the9. Please see to it that theA. packB. repackedC. packageD. packing答案：Dis suitable for a long sea voyage.10. Mr.Alfred works in a logistics company and he isA. responseB. responsibleC. responsiblyD. sponsor答案：B11. —?—I want to buy some economics books.A. Excuse meB. What can I do for youfor the packing.C. What’s the matterD. What’s up答案：B12. She has a high salary and a goodrating.A. borrowB. loanC. lendD. credit答案：D13. these inventories on hand can cost between 20 and 40 percent of their value per year.A. HadB.Have C. HasD. Having答案：D14. I need someone tothe customs clearance for me.A. go forB. go onC. go withD. go through答案：D15. Local service is anotherpoint of TPL supply chain management.A. sellB. sellingC. soldD. sells答案：B16. He spends most of his spare timelogistics.A. to studyB. on studyC. in studyingD. studying答案：D17. Our manager suggests that weload the goods as soon as possible.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. would答案：C18. Ais a small vehicle with an open part at the back in which goods can be carried.A. carB. limousineC. coachD. pickup答案：D19. Greedy manufactures avoidtheir share toward cleaning up the environment.A. to doB.doing C.does D. did答案：A20. Can youme on this problem?A. enlightenB. ensureC. disruptD. arise答案：A二、术语翻译根据题目要求，将下列术语分别译成汉语或英语，译文写在答题纸上相应的位置。
（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Translate the following terms into Chinese or English. （10 points）1. franchise答案：连锁店2. Letter of Credit答案：信用证3. middleman答案：中间人4. on the basis of答案：基于5. broker答案：经纪人6. 看不见的答案：invisible7. 装卸工人答案：stevedore8. 零售商答案：retailer9. 配送答案：distribution10. 文件答案：document三、词语匹配将A栏中的词语与B栏中的汉语释义相匹配，并将B栏中所选答案的字母写在答题纸上相应的位置。
（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Match the words and expressions in Column A with the Chinese explanations inColumn B. （10 points）1..答案：1. H 2. A 3. J 4. B 5. F 6. I 7. D 8. E 9. G 10. C四、句子翻译根据题目要求，将下列句子分别译成汉语，译文写在答题纸上相应的位置。
（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）Translate the following sentences into Chinese. （10 points）1. As far as outbound flow of products from manufacturers is concerned, container shipsare usually most frequently used. 答案：就厂商出口到外国的产品而言，集装箱船通常是使用频率最高的。
2. A fundamental quality issue in logistics is the ability to comply to levelsof planned inventory availability and operational performance. 答案：物流中的基本质量问题就是能够遵守计划库存可得性的水平和操作绩效。
3. Logistics is defined as businessplanning framework for management of material,service, information and capital flows. 答案：物流被定义为是管理原料、服务、信息和资金流的商业规划框架。
4. One of the major differences between supply chain management and logistics is thelatter includes the supplier and the end user. 答案：供应链管理和物流的主要区别之一是后者包括了供应商和最终用户。
5.答案：1. 中货公司集内外贸运输为一体。
2. （提供）运输、仓储、配送和包装在内的一体化物流服务，可确保客户的产品纵横天下。
3. 公司同时拥有121辆部分配有卫星定位系统和完备的网络信息系统的集装箱车队。
4. 所有这些对公司的专业化现代物流运作提供了强有力的支持。
五、句子翻译根据题目要求，将下列句子分别译成英语，译文写在答题纸上相应的位置。
（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）Translate the following sentences into English. （10 points）1. 在今天的工业社会里，物流扮演的角色越来越重要，这已有共识。
(play a role)答案：In today’s industrial society, it is a universally acknowledged fact that logistics is playing a more and more important role.2. 要实现零存货的目标，我们需要及时的信息。
(achieve)答案：To achieve the aim of zero inventory, we need intime information.3. 国际运输对运输设备和运输环节上的要求都比国内运输高。
(demand)答案：International transportation has higher demand on the transportation equipment andtransportation links than domestic one.4. 第三方物流的出现将有助于物流在中国的发展。
(contribute)答案：The appearance of thirdparty logistics will contributes to the development oflogistics in China.5. 这种新的包装使得物流效率大幅度提高，每次能多装运二十箱货物。
(promote)答案：This kind of packaging promotes the logistical efficiency greatly. It cancarry twenty more cases of cargoes.六、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1. A major (1) of any banking system is of course the transfer of money from one countryto another. Sometimes the transfer requested by a customer is in (2) of abeneficiary(受益人) who banks with the same bank, in which case the procedure is (3): one customer is debited and the other credited.Sometimes there has to be a transfer of money to (4) bank, as the beneficiary has his account elsewhere. Internally,within the UK, the methods of transfer usually (5) are cheque or credit transfer, with interbank settlement as a (6) is not made across a clearing house. Instead, if a UK bank, for example, wanted a bank abroad to pay money to a beneficiary, (7) its customer’s behalf, the UK bank would arrange (8) credit the account of theforeign bank in London or give instructions for foreign bank, to enable the foreign bank to obtain reimbursement to the debit of a foreign currency account of the UK bank maintained by a bank abroad.These instructions may be (9) by mail or cabled paymentorders between the (10), or by means of banker’s drafts or international paymentorders.(1).(A). orientation(B). function(C). goal(D). task答案：B(2).(A). seek(B). favor(C). order(D). terms答案：B(3).(A). complex(B). easy(C). simple(D). troublesome 答案：C(4).(A). another(B). other(C). the other(D). second答案：A(5).(A). made(B). done(C). accepted(D). used答案：D(6).(A). rule(B). law(C). regulation(D). principle答案：A(7).(A). at(B). in(C). on(D). with答案：C(8).(A). in(B). from(C). to(D). with答案：C(9).(A). sent(B). conveyed(C). transported(D). delivered答案：B(10).(A). banks(B). customers(C). agents(D). managers答案：A七、阅读理解认真阅读短文，短文后有5个问题，根据短文的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。