2015年青岛大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)
凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构
第 1 页 共 1 页 2015年青岛大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题（回忆版）
真题是考研复习中含金量最高的辅导材料，真题的利用对于提高复习效率具有至关重要的作用。一般来说，时间和精力有限，建议考生重点做近十年的真题。凯程考研整理各高校历年考研真题，希望能帮大家更好的复习! 2015年青岛大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题（回忆版） I. Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 20 items in this part of the test, 10 in English and 10 in Chinese, with two points for each.(40 points) 1. ACFW 2. MOE 3. DPOB 4. IDD 5. LED 6. partner assistance 7. Communicative Translation 8. Duke it out 9. signature dishes 10. emotional office abuse 11.分配制度 12.实事求是 13.小康社会 14.基层民主 15.宏观调控体系 16.刚性需求 17.团购 18.黄牛票 19.暴走 20.武侠片 II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.(50 points) In 1945, in the shadow of a world war and the face of an uncertain future, 51 founding nations joined in common purpose to establish the United Nations and codify its mission to maintain international peace and security, encourage global cooperation, and promote universal respect for human rights. Nearly seven decades later, we once again find ourselves at a pivotal moment in history – a crossroads between conflict and peace, disorder and integration, hatred and dignity – dealing with new challenges that require a united response. As we confront these global problems in an increasingly interconnected world, the United Nations remains as necessary and vital as ever. On United Nations Day, we recognize the important role the United Nations continues to play in the international system, and we reaffirm our country’s commitment to work with all nations to build a world that is more just, more peaceful, and more free.
凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构
第 2 页 共 2 页 United Nations fosters international cooperation enables progress world’ immediate threats critical – challenges. addressing climate change eradicating poverty preventing armed conflict halting proliferation weapons destruction, United Nations supports shared pursuit better world. spirit mutual interest mutual respect, international community continue common ground threats prosperity security nations. Across globe, United Nations personnel their lives meaning action simple truths enshrined United Nations Charter. Today, .. humanitarian staff providing lifesaving relief those trapped conflict; .. peacekeepers protecting civilians against threats extremists other violent groups; .. health workers helping bring Ebola under control Africa deliver critical medicines people around world. 参考译文: 1945年，世界大战的影响尚未消散，未来的局势仍不确定，51个创始国共襄盛举 成立联合国，确定联合国以维护国际和平与稳定，倡导全球合作和促进普遍人权为法定使命。近70年来，我们再一次面临重大的历史关头——站在冲突与和平、失 序与整合、仇恨与尊严的十字路口——应对需要共同抗击的新挑战。我们在一个联系日益紧密的世界上处理这些全球性问题之际，联合国仍然一如既往具有不可或缺 的重要作用。在联合国日这一天，我们重申我们的承诺，坚持与所有的国家共同建设更公正、更和平、更自由的世界。 联合国倡导国际合作，使抗 击全世界最紧急的威胁和重大长期挑战的行动取得进展成为 可能。从应对气候变化和消除贫困到防止武装冲突和制止大规模毁灭性武器扩散，联合国的工作为我们共同追求更美好的世界提供了支持。在全体国家的繁荣和安全 受到威胁的情况下，国际社会必须本着共同利益和相互尊重的精神，继续寻求共同立场。 联合国人员在全球各地冒着生命危险履行职责，体现和践行了联合国宪章阐述的简单真 理。今天，联合国人道主义工作人员为受战火蹂躏的民众提供挽救生命的援助;联合国维和人员保护平民避免受到极端主义分子和其他暴力团伙的威胁;联合国卫生 工作者帮助西非控制埃博拉疫情，为全世界各地的人民运送关键的医药用品。 III. Translate the following passage into English(60 points) 我们常说“培养人才”，但认真研究古今中外，发现所谓对人才的“培养”，充其量是为人才的成长提供了环境与影响;人才不是被别人培养出来的。 正如教育的实质不是“教”而是“学”，人才其实是“学”出来和“用”出来的。世界上没有单纯的“教”，却有单纯的“学”;“教”一定要有对象，“学”却不一定以”教”为前提：“教”不是到处都有，“学”却可随时发生。 “学”的另一端是“用”，“用”的效果又可促进“学”。人不被“用”永远也不是“才”;人才只有在“用”中才会不断增值。同样，用错地方的人才，便是“庸才”，甚至是“废材”。 人才的基本要素是德、才、学、识。以工匠的斧头作比喻，“德”是斧头的质量，“才”是斧刃，“学”是重量，“识”是斧头做功的方向，四样俱全，左右逢源，才能取得功效。 其中“德”和“才”的关系至关重要。古人讲：“才盛于德，谓之小人;德盛于才，谓之君子;德才兼备，谓之圣人”。可见，只有二者的次序、比重正确，方可成为真正意义上的人才。 人才又有“专才”与“通才”之分。一般来讲，做具体工作的是专才，做管理的是通才;当然，也有二才兼备者。造原子弹的是专才，但使用原子弹的一定是通才，二者位置不可颠倒。
凯程考研辅导班，中国最权威的考研辅导机构
第 3 页 共 3 页 参考译文: It is often said that “we should cultivate talent”. By examining various qualified personnel across-the-board, the word “cultivate” has become questionable to me; the best it can do in fact is to provide an environment or conditions for talents to come forth. In the same way that education is not about teaching but about learning, talent is produced by learning and applying. Teaching is conditioned by various factors, such as object, subject, lectureship and so on, whereas learning is not preconditioned by teaching and can take place everywhere, at any time. While learning leads to application, applying what has been learnt in turn inspires one’s learning. A person’s talent potential may never be explored unless he or she is being put in place, and misplacing a talent may produce mediocrity or even a waste of potential. There are four basic components constituting a talent—virtue, capability, knowledge and insight. A talent may bear some analogy to a functional axe, with which virtue is quality, ability the edge, knowledge the weight and insight directs it to the point. Any achievement is actually the result of the effective combination of these four. Of these four basic components, virtue and capability are of crucial importance. As it is quoted from the ancient saying: “He whose capacity exceeds his virtue is considered to be an inferior man; he whose virtue exceeds his capacity is a superior man; he who possesses both decent virtue and brilliant capacity can be regarded as a sage”. Clearly, only when these components are appropriately defined can a person become a true talent. There are also distinctions between a generalist and a specialist. Generally speaking, the person assigned to perform specialized duty is a specialist and, the person in a management position is a generalist with the exception of people with both talents. Make no mistake, the person who constructs an atomic bomb never has the power to use it but has to leave it to a generalist.
2015年四川大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含
2015年四川大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 名词解释5. 应用文写作7. 现代汉语写作名词解释1．古希腊人把对过去进行思考的回忆视作人类固有的本能。
古希腊人很早就有了历史意识，殊不知荷马就扮演了一部分史学家的角色，他的诗虽有文学成分，但也不乏众多的历史事实。
特洛伊的成功发掘，本身就证明了荷马记载的真实性。
希罗多德和修昔底德成就出两部古典史学名著《希波战争史》和《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》。
正确答案：(1)荷马：古希腊盲诗人。
相传创作了公元前12世纪至公元前1l 世纪的特洛伊战争以及关于海上冒险故事的古希腊长篇叙事代表史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，实际上是他根据民间流传的短歌综合编写而成的。
这两部杰作被合称为《荷马史诗》，并在很长时间里影响了西方的宗教、文化和伦理观。
(2)特洛伊：也称“伊利昂”，古希腊殖民城市。
公元前16世纪前后为古希腊人所建，公元前13世纪至公元前12世纪时，颇为繁荣。
特洛伊城遗在今土耳其，位于恰纳卡莱南部，北临达达尼尔海峡，坐落在平缓的城堡山脚下。
特洛伊城遗址的发掘，始于19世纪中期，延续到20世纪30年代。
考古学家找到了公元400年罗马帝国时期的雅典娜神庙以及议事厅、市场和剧场的废墟等。
(3)《希波战争史》：即古希腊著名历史学家希罗多德所著的《历史》，是西方史学中最早的一部历史著作。
《希波战争史》取材广泛、规模宏大、史料充实，文字生动流畅、富于文采且充满了浪漫想象。
整本书内容丰富，不仅记载了政治、军事、外交等有关希波战争的史实，还广泛涉及古代埃及、巴比伦、叙利亚、波斯和小亚细亚各国的自然地理、风俗民情、宗教文化和社会经济情况。
其视野扩大到当时希腊及其周边世界，展示了古代近20个国家和地区的民族生活图景，被西方学者誉为“第一部世界性的社会文化史”和“百科全书式”的著作。
(4)《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》：古希腊史学家修昔底德的代表作。
全书讲述了以雅典为首的提洛同盟与以斯巴达为首的伯罗奔尼撒联盟之间的一场战争。
内蒙古大学2015年考研翻译硕士真题网友回忆
跨考独家整理最全翻硕考研知识资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年翻译硕士考研真题和知识点等内容，加入我们的翻硕考研交流群还可以获得翻硕学长免费答疑服务，帮你度过最艰难的考研年。
以下内容为跨考网整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择翻硕考研一对一咨询进行解答。
内蒙古大学2015年考研翻译硕士真题网友回忆2015年考研初试已完全结束，跨考网小编整理发布翻译硕士考研真题及参考答案，以便广大考生参考。
以下便是小编整理网友回忆的内蒙古大学2015年考研翻译硕士真题。
翻译基础(英译汉)
1、1、bricks 金砖五国
2、Hundred Days of Reform 百日维新
3、nobel prize laureate 诺贝尔奖获得者
4、industrical disputes
5、spacecraft carrier 航天器载体
6、Core socialist values 社会主义核心价值观
7、installment payment 分期付款的支付
(汉译英)
1、同声传译
2、叫花鸡
3、北京烤鸭
4、会计事务所
5、道家
6、不雅照
7、空谈误国，实干兴邦
8、失联的马航客机
9、忠实翻译
10、载人宇宙飞船
以上内容为跨考网整理的翻译硕士考研知识点，如果同学还想获得更多翻硕考研资料，可以关注跨考翻硕微信公众平台索取翻硕考研资料。
加入我们的翻硕考研交流群还可获得超强院校专业信息、每日打卡监督学习、研究生学长答疑，不定期奖励活动等。
2015年四川大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含
2015年四川大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 名词解释5. 应用文写作7. 现代汉语写作名词解释1．古希腊人把对过去进行思考的回忆视作人类固有的本能。
古希腊人很早就有了历史意识，殊不知荷马就扮演了一部分史学家的角色，他的诗虽有文学成分，但也不乏众多的历史事实。
特洛伊的成功发掘，本身就证明了荷马记载的真实性。
希罗多德和修昔底德成就出两部古典史学名著《希波战争史》和《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》。
正确答案：(1)荷马：古希腊盲诗人。
相传创作了公元前12世纪至公元前1l 世纪的特洛伊战争以及关于海上冒险故事的古希腊长篇叙事代表史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，实际上是他根据民间流传的短歌综合编写而成的。
这两部杰作被合称为《荷马史诗》，并在很长时间里影响了西方的宗教、文化和伦理观。
(2)特洛伊：也称“伊利昂”，古希腊殖民城市。
公元前16世纪前后为古希腊人所建，公元前13世纪至公元前12世纪时，颇为繁荣。
特洛伊城遗在今土耳其，位于恰纳卡莱南部，北临达达尼尔海峡，坐落在平缓的城堡山脚下。
特洛伊城遗址的发掘，始于19世纪中期，延续到20世纪30年代。
考古学家找到了公元400年罗马帝国时期的雅典娜神庙以及议事厅、市场和剧场的废墟等。
(3)《希波战争史》：即古希腊著名历史学家希罗多德所著的《历史》，是西方史学中最早的一部历史著作。
《希波战争史》取材广泛、规模宏大、史料充实，文字生动流畅、富于文采且充满了浪漫想象。
整本书内容丰富，不仅记载了政治、军事、外交等有关希波战争的史实，还广泛涉及古代埃及、巴比伦、叙利亚、波斯和小亚细亚各国的自然地理、风俗民情、宗教文化和社会经济情况。
其视野扩大到当时希腊及其周边世界，展示了古代近20个国家和地区的民族生活图景，被西方学者誉为“第一部世界性的社会文化史”和“百科全书式”的著作。
(4)《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》：古希腊史学家修昔底德的代表作。
全书讲述了以雅典为首的提洛同盟与以斯巴达为首的伯罗奔尼撒联盟之间的一场战争。
2015年中南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案及复习攻略
可归的人搭建起临时帐篷。
答案：D 考点：现在分词
分析：
set up temporary… 此 句 为 主 A. operates
句，ABC 都是完整句子，故 B. is operating
排除
C. has operated
D. operating
18. The quantum theory states that energy, such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite
05. There are rumors of an economic menace from the dairy cooperatives. 句义：传言牛奶合作社出现了经济危机。 答案：D 划线词义：威胁，危险气氛 分析：
A. problem B. ultimatum
问题 最后通牒
C. disaster
A. foolishness
愚笨
B. sanity
明智，稳健
C. pride D. selfishness
骄傲，傲慢 自私
02. The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather. 句义：祖父的监督让这个孩子感到很不舒服。 答案：A 划线词义：监视，细查 分析：
17. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross, operating out of emergency headquarters in
Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless. 句义：1927 年洪水泛滥期间，红十字会在密西西比紧急行动指挥部之外运作，为无家
华东师范大学2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案
华东师范大学2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案历年真题是最权威的，最直接了解各专业考研的复习资料，考生要重视和挖掘其潜在价值，尤其是现在正是冲刺复习阶段，模拟题和真题大家都要多练多总结，下面分享华东师范大学2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案，方便考生使用。
华东师范大学2015年翻译硕士考研真题及答案1.词语与句子翻译(共30分)请将下列汉语短语翻译成英语(10分)1)打造中国经济的升级版2)转变政府职能3)扩大全方位主动开放4)中国上海自由贸易试验区5)宏观调控方式6)绿水青山7)改革红利8)反腐倡廉9)证券交易所10)增强社会创造力请将下列英语短语或句子翻译成汉语(20分)11) China’s vulgar rich: befriended but unloved.12) The Sochi 2014 torch is based on motifs from Russian folklore and ideas of innovation and technological breakthroughs.13) The Chinese garden is primarily not a single wide open space, but is divided into corridors and courts, in which buildings, and not plant life, dominate.14) All writing depends on the generosity of the reader. (Alberto Manguel)15) Calligraphy as writing and as art.16) If I felJ through the earth, what would happen in the center?17) Book of the Times: The Invisible Man.18) In 1963, most Americans did not yet believe that gender equality was possible or even desirable.19) But the innovation failed to catch the public imagination and sales were painfully slow. Microsoft was on the back foot.20) It is no wonder the island (The Philippine island of Boracay) has been featured in a variety of publications, and it’s a top beach destination on the popular Internet travel site tripadvisor. com.2.汉译英(60分)中国佛教建筑的发展可以追溯到佛教在汉代被引入中国时。
2015年苏州大学翻译硕士(MTI)入学考试《汉语写作与百科知识》真题及标准答案
2015年苏州大学翻译硕士（MTI）入学考试《汉语写作与百科知识》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.背景：1964年( )发表《林纾的翻译》一文，提出："文学翻译的最高标准是'化'"。
"化境"是指艺术上臻于精妙超凡之境，以言翻译，大概就是得心应手、至善至美。
（分数：2.00）A.钱钟书√B.谭嗣同C.严复D.郭沫若【解析】钱钟书于1964年在《林纾的翻译》中提出了翻译标准--化境。
钱钟书说："文学翻译的最高标准是'化'。
把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得人于'化境'。
"2.背景：印度人( )不但一生从事创作，写了50余部诗集、12部中长篇小说、100余篇短篇小说，而且还创作了2 000余首优美的歌曲，其中一首被定为今日印度的国歌。
（分数：2.00）A.泰戈尔√B.果戈理C.甘地D.阿兰达蒂【解析】泰戈尔是印度近代著名诗人、小说家、戏剧家。
他用孟加拉文写作，一生创作丰富，共写了50多部诗集、12部中长篇小说、100多篇短篇小说、20多部剧本，还写了大量有关文学、哲学、政治方面的论著，谱写了2 000多首歌曲。
其创作的歌曲《人民意志》被定为印度国歌。
3.背景：中篇小说《伊豆的舞女》是日本作家( )的作品，借此他成为当年日本文坛的风云人物。
（分数：2.00）A.大江健三郎B.川端康成√C.小林多喜二D.井上靖【解析】《伊豆的舞女》是日本作家川端康成的短篇小说，1926年发表于《文艺时代》。
小说描写一个性格孤僻的青年学生在与纯朴善良的江湖艺人结伴而行的旅途中心灵得到净化的故事。
作者以伊豆秀丽的自然景色为背景，生动而细腻地刻画了青年学生同少年舞女在邂逅与分别之际的感情变化，描写了他们之间纯真无邪的思慕之情。
2015年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷
2015年中山大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(总分：112.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became______at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.（分数：2.00）A.she was the first woman to conductB.the first woman conductor √C.the woman was first conductingD.the woman conducts first解析：解析：句意：1976年Sarah Caldwell成为第一个在纽约大都会歌剧院演出的女性指挥家。
句内缺少宾语，但A，C都不能作宾语，而D的语序不对，因此正确答案为B。
2.When______to dough and heated, carbon dioxide is released, causing the dough to rise.（分数：2.00）A.is added baking powderB.added baking powder isC.is baking powder addedD.baking powder is added √解析：解析：句意：当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候，会释放出二氧化碳，使得面团涨开。
when引导状语从句，语序应该为正常语序，因而A，C错误；B项语序混乱。
这里明显应该用被动形式，而且有固定结构add to，所以应该选D。
3.Bubbles, flaws, and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass, ______the glass sparkle.（分数：2.00）A.which makingB.and makingC.making √D.to making解析：解析：句意：气泡、裂纹和其他的不规则情况会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开，使得玻璃闪闪发光。
2015年苏州大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
2015年苏州大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.背景：1964年( )发表《林纾的翻译》一文，提出：“文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’”。
“化境”是指艺术上臻于精妙超凡之境，以言翻译，大概就是得心应手、至善至美。
（分数：2.00）A.钱钟书B.谭嗣同C.严复D.郭沫若2.背景：印度人( )不但一生从事创作，写了50余部诗集、12部中长篇小说、100余篇短篇小说，而且还创作了2 000余首优美的歌曲，其中一首被定为今日印度的国歌。
（分数：2.00）A.泰戈尔B.果戈理C.甘地D.阿兰达蒂3.背景：中篇小说《伊豆的舞女》是日本作家( )的作品，借此他成为当年日本文坛的风云人物。
（分数：2.00）A.大江健三郎B.川端康成C.小林多喜二D.井上靖4.背景：《不列颠百科全书》介绍说：“他是20世纪前半个世纪中的最杰出的东方学家，也是将东方文种译为英文的最杰出的翻译家。
……他是一位诗人和诗歌的创新者。
”此人就是( )。
（分数：2.00）A.亚瑟.韦利B.爱德华兹C.劳费尔D.庞德5.背景：( )是20世纪英国最伟大的哲学家、思想家、数学家和逻辑学家，他提出了“中立一元论”的学说，并撰写了大量的哲学著作。
（分数：2.00）A.罗素B.杜威C.笛卡尔D.休谟6.背景：在下面的四部作品中，哪一部不是杰克.伦敦的著作?( )（分数：2.00）A.《马丁.伊登》B.《白牙》C.《野性的呼唤》D.《嘉莉妹妹》7.背景：梁启超翻译的很多小说用的都是( )，与林纾和严复的古奥的译文形成了鲜明的对比，具有很强的文学感染力。
（分数：2.00）A.白话文B.文言文C.方言D.北京话8.背景：莫扎特生前未完成的作品是( )。
（分数：2.00）A.《卡农》B.《婚礼进行曲》C.《安魂曲》D.《欢乐颂》9.背景：1936～1939年西班牙内战期间，在共和国后方活动的叛徒、间谍和破坏分子等反革命分子被统称为( )。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试-15_真题-无答案
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试-15(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Grammar and VocabularyA. ProofreadingFor a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word. Mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a unnecessary word. Cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Although cosmetic surgery( and non-surgically cosmetic 1 ______ procedures, such as Botox injections)sometimes procedure negativeoutcomes—media often highlights surgery" disasters"— 2 ______ in the most part, the health risk for cosmetic procedures 3 ______is low and patient satisfaction is high. Often, people who have beenhobbled By poor body image all of their life, walk away from 4 ______ cosmetic surgery in confidence and the motivation to lead 5 ______ healthier lives. In addition, reconstructive surgery for burning 6 ______and accident victims or to those disfigured from disease restore 7 ______self-esteem and well-being in the way that other therapy cannot. 8 ______In my professional opinion, it is a time for members of the 9 ______**munity to examine the benefits and results ofcosmetic surgery with prejudice and jealousy. 10 ______1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.B. Choose the word or phrase that can be used to replace the underlined part in each sentence1. Because noises modulate radiofrequency, radio stations use a band of frequencies to prevent interference with other stations.A. govern B. adapt C. temper D. renovate2. A fossil is a remnant of a once-living organism.A. bone B. solvent C. picture D. vestige3. When squashed the stem and the leaves of the jewelweed exude a juice that soothe some skin irritations.A. boiled B. aged C. crushed D. chopped4. The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.A. tradition B. rule C. observance D. maneuver5. Ocean waves can cut imposing cliffs along coastlines.A. immobile B. impermeable C. impressive D. imaginative6. Mergers may be effective to revive or rejuvenate failing business by the infusion of new management and personnel.A. inspection B. introduction C. evaluation D. concentration7. A fable is a didactic tale focus on a single character trail.A. an authentic B. a muddied C. an instructive D. an old—fashioned8. **pact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions.A. complete B. tiresome C. reliable D. cumbersome9. Author Katherine Sherwood Mcdowell had a knack for converting almost every experience into marketable prose.A. an aptitude for B. an obsession with C. an alternative to D. a purpose for10. South Carolina's mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined.A. profitably B. safely C. easily D. extensively11. Ravaged by pollution and war, many famous monuments have become eroded and stained.A. discolored B. dismembered C. displaced D. distinctive12. Orioles are arboreal birds, and when they descend to the ground, it is mainly together nest materialsA. territorial B. tree-dwelling C. consummate D. grumpy13. Lousia may Alcott' s novel Little Women, which recounts the experiences of the four marchsisters during the American civil war, is largely autobiographical.A. praises B. narrates C. exaggerates D. classifies14. Fertilizer applied to soil can replace depleted nutrients.A. organic B. acidic C. exhausted D. desirable15. Galena, the chief ore of lead, is a brittle mineral with a metallic luster.A. hazel B. dense C. breakable D. sparking16. In Hawaii, endemic birds, such as the omao and the apapane, dwell in the volcanic highlands and tropical rain forests.A. alluring B. dense C. graceful D. native17. Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.A. determined B. argued C. hypothesized D. griped18. Pocahomta, a seventeenth century Powhatan Indian, went to the Jamestown colony as her father's emissary.A. ward B. attendant C. messenger D. translator19. Neon light is utilized in airport because it can permeate fog.A. pass through B. transmit C. suspend D. break up20. Alxender Woollcott's flamboyant **bined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.A. devious B. humorous C. singular D. showyC. Choose the word or phrase that **pletes each sentence1. The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the ______ in which they develop : for example, leaves display a wider range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.A. relationship B. sequence C. patterns D. environment2. Since most, if not all learning occurs through ______, relating one observation to another, it would be strange indeed if the study of other cultures did not also illuminate the study of our town.A. assumptions B. experiments C. comparisons D. repetitions3. He had expected gratitude for his disclosure, but instead he encountered ______ bordering on hostility.A. patience B. discretion C. ineptitude D. indifference4. Although Simpson was ingenious at ______ to appear innovative and spontaneous, beneath the ruse he remained uninspired and rigid in his approach to problem-solving.A.intending B. contriving C. forbearing D. declining5. Because modern scientist find the ancient Greek view of the cosmos outdated and irrelevant, they now perceive it as only of ______ interest.A. historical B. intrinsic C. experimental D. superfluous6. In spite of the increasing ______ of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a consensus so that the award could be presented.A. impartiality B. judiciousness C. polarity D. consistency7. Ironically, the proper use of figurative language must be based on the denotative meaning of the words, because it is the failure to recognize this ______ meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their attendant incongruity.A. esoteric B. literal C. allusive D. symbolic8. Although any destruction of vitamins caused by food irradiation could be ______ the use of diet supplements, there may be no protection from carcinogens that some fear might be introduced into foods by the process.A. counterbalanced by B. attributed to C. augmented with D. stimulated by9. Data concerning the effects on an small population of high concentrations of a potentially hazardous chemical are frequently used to ______ the effects on a large population of lower amounts of the same chemical.A. verify B. redress C. predict D. realize10. Early critics of Emily Dickinson's poetry mistook for simplemindedness the surface of artlessness that in fact she constructed with such ______.A. astonishment B. vexation C. allusion D. cunning11. After a show sales start early in the year, mobile homes have been gaining favor as ______ to increasingly expensive conventional housing.A. a reaction B. an addition C. an introduction D. an alternative12. Although adolescent maturational and development states occur in an orderly sequence, their timing ______ with regard to onset and duration.A. lasts B. varies C. falters D. accelerates13. Psychology has slowly evolved into an ______ scientific discipline that now function autonomously with the same privileges and responsibilities as other sciences.A. independent B. unusual C. outmoded D. uncontrolled14. Noting the murder victim's flaccid musculature and pear-like figure, she deduced that the unfortunate follow had earned his living in some ______ occupation.A. treacherous B. ill-paying C. illegitimate D. sedentary15. The discovery that, fiction excluded, all bodies fall at the same rate is so simple to state and to grasp that there is a tendency to ______ its significance.A. underrate B. reassess C. praise D. eliminate16. The painting was larger than it appeared to be, for hanging in a darkened recess of the chapel, it was ______ by the perspective.A. improved B. diminished C. embellished D. jeopardized17. Because folk art is **pletely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art historians, their final evaluations of it necessarily remain ______.A. arbitrary B. estimable C. equivocal D. orthodox18. Although economists have traditionally considered the district to be solely an agricultural one, the ______ of the inhabitants' occupations makes such a classification obsolete.A. productivity B. diversity C. predictability D. profitability19. Although specific concerns may determine the intent of a research project, its results are often ______.A. unanticipated B. beneficial C. spectacular D. specialized20. The notion that a parasite can alter the behavior of a host organism is not mere fiction; indeed, the phenomenon is not even ______.A. observable B. real C. comprehended D. rarePart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionRead each of the following passages, choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence or answer the question, and answer the question or write a summary as is required.Passage ANotation gave western music a means of written record, but at first only for a kind of music, chant, that was believed to have originated half a millennium and more in the past—to be effectively, ageless. Early medieval chants sprang from the whole time of eternal sameness, rhythm. Then measure came. And with it came the first identifiable and precisely datable works.Where chant was of a piece with other musical traditions in being self-sufficient melody, working within a modal system, belonging to no creator (but to God) and designed for worship, the new music of the twentieth century opened a distinctively western path. The measuring of time was the beginning not only of rhythmic notation—known, far beyond Europe, to the Indian theorist Sarngadeva in the first haft of the thirteenth century—but also of music involving coordination among singers carrying different melodies, of polyphony. This, too, was by no meansconfined to the wedge of land between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic: the gamelan music of Bali, a tradition independent of Europe, is comparable with early western polyphony in its superposition of different time streams, fast and slow, while the music of many sub- Saharan African peoples often piles up dissimilar rhythmic layers in ways foreign to Europe outside certain special repertories(fourteenth-century song and some music since 1950). But, from the twelfth century to the fifteenth, polyphony in the west gradually moved away from the repetitive structures that were retained on Bali or in central Africa as Europeans discovered how harmony could result in continuous flow.The source, as of so much in western culture, was a misunderstanding of classical Greek knowledge, again acquired through Boethius. He had nothing to say about harmony in the sense of chords, but he conveyed a Geek satisfaction in the primacy of the octave and the fifth, which medieval musicians took as models of consonance (the **bining notes). Just as essential were **binations, lacking euphony, for these would intensity the need of for consonance. A dissonance placed immediately before a final consonance would produce a firmly conclusive ending—a cadence, such as became an essential of western music. Extending back from the cadence, the forces of harmony, marshaled through relationships between each chord and the next, could amplify the last note. Thus time measured became time decisively having a goal, and music could emulate the progress in every human soul towards eternity.Music mirrored, too, how time generally was being told. Guido's staff notation came roughly when water clocks were reintroduced from Byzantium and Islam, enabling monks to know when a service was due from the level reached by water slowly filling a vessel. Thus reading, whether of a chant book or a water gauge, substituted for memory and intuition. Exact synchrony between music and time was lost a little when clockwork mechanisms appeared in the mid—thirteenth century, half a century later than the gear-driven music produced at Notre Dame in Paris. However, the perfection of hour-chiming with hour-chiming capabilities, in the astronomical clock made by Richard Wallingford for St. Albans Abbey (1327-1336), strikingly coincided with the perfection of rhythmic notation that spread from Paris and gave music its own machinery of time lengths.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to answer the question or complete the sentence.1. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this passage?A. The development of rhythm B. Time measured C. Notation and time D. Music and civilization2. It can be inferred from the passage that before notation appeared ______.A. music was always renewed and could last only as long as memory B. music presented people with three times at once : the now in which they heard it, the then in which it was made, and the further then of when the piece **posed C. polyphony had already been developed to such a degree that different melodies carried by different singers could form a coordinated harmony D. music mostly was not improvised and was not dated with precision3. The author would most likely consider Western music and the music of non- Western cultures as ______.A. respectively revolutionary and conservative B. equal but distinct C. both homogeneous and heterogeneous D. illustrative of advancement and backwardness4. The passage states that ______.A. music and **plement each other and contradict each other B.rhythmic notation appeared because human beings could tell time in a new way C. notation appeared when musical works were no longer anonymous and non- datable D. the appearance of rhythmic notation manifests a new stage of human being's quantitative method of thought5. Write a summary.Summarize the passage in 4 or 5 sentences.Passage BFrench toys: one could not find a better illustration of the fact that the adult Frenchman sees the child as another self. All the toys **monly sees essentially a microcosm of the adult world: they are all reduced copies of human objects, as if in the eyes of the public the child was, all told, nothing but a smaller man, a homunculus to whom must be supplied objects of his own size.Invented forms are very rare: a few sets of blocks, which appeal to the spirit do-it- yourself, are the only ones which offer dynamic forms, as for the others. French toys always mean something, and this something is always entirely socialized, constituted by the myths or the techniques of modern adult life: the army, broadcasting, the post office, medicine (miniature instrument-cases, operating theaters for dolls), school, hair styling ( driers for permanent-waving ), the air force ( parachutists ), transport (trains, Citroens, Vedettes, Vespas, petrol stations), science(Martian toys).The fact that French toys literally prefigure the world of adult functions obviously cannot but prepare the child to accept them all, by constituting for him, even before he can think about it, the alibi of a Nature which has at all times created soldiers, postmen, and Vespas. Toys here reveal the list of all the things the adults does not find unusual: war, bureaucracy, ugliness, Martians, etc. It is not so much, in fact, the imitation which is the sigh of an abdication, as its literalness: French toys are like a Jivaro head, in which one recognizes, shrunken to the size of an apple, the wrinkles and hair of an adult. There exist, for instance, dolls which urinate; they have an esophagus, one gives them a bottle, they wet their nappies; soon, no doubt, milk will turn to water in their stomachs. This is meant to prepare the little girl for the causality of housekeeping, to "condition" her to her future role as a mother. However, faced with this world of faithful **plicated objects, the child can only identify himself as owner, as user, never as creator; he does not invent the world, he uses it : There are, prepared for him, actions without adventure, without wonder, without joy. He is turned into a little stay-at-home householder who does not even have to invent the mainsprings of adults causality; they are supplied to him ready-made: He has only to help himself, he is never allowed to discover anything from start to finish. The merest set of blocks, provided it is not too refined, implies a very different learning of the world: Then, the child does not in any way create meaningful objects, it matters little to him whether they have an adult name; the actions he performs are not those of a user hut those of a demiurge. He creates forms which walk, which roll, he creates life, not property: Objects no, act by themselves, they are no longer than inert **plicated material in the palm of his hand. But such toys are rather rare ~ French toys are usually based on imitation, they are meant to produce children who are users, not creators.The bourgeois status of toys can be recognized not only in their forms, which are all functional, but also in their substances. Current toys are made of a graceless material, the product of chemistry, not of nature. Many are now molded **plicated mixtures; the plastic material ofwhich they are made has an appearance at once gross and hygienic, it destroys all the pleasure, the sweetness, the humanity of touch. A sign which fills one with consternation is the gradual disappearance of wood, in spite of its being an ideal material because of its firmness and its softness, and the natural warmth of its touch. Wood removes, from all the forms which it supports, the wounding quality of angles which are too sharp, the chemical coldness of metal. When the child handles it and knocks it, it neither vibrates nor grates, it has a sound at once muffled and sharp. It is a familiar and poetic substance, which does not sever the child from close contact with the tree, the table, the floor. Wood does not wound or break down: it does not shatter, it wears out, it can last a long time, live with the child, alter little by little the relations between the object and the band. If it dies, it is in dwindling, not in swelling out like those mechanical toys which disappear behind the hernia of a broken spring. Wood makes essential objects, objects for all time. Yet there hardly remain any of these wooden toys from the Yoseges, these fretwork farms with their animals, which were only possible, it is true, in the days of the craftsman. Henceforth, toys are chemical in substance and color; their very material introduces one to a coenaesthesis of use, not pleasure. These toys die in fact very quickly, and once dead, they have no posthumous life for the child.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence.1. In this passage, the author analyzes French toys for clues that reveal ______.A. how toys prevent children from getting access to social reality and being educated in earlier ways of life B. toys as barriers between the real cultural and ideological functions of toys and their functions of replicating nature C. how French toys in substance, from, and material reconfirms French values and ways of life D. toys as ideologically constituted loaded with the myths or traditions of modern adult life2. The passage is overall ______.A. informal and ironic B. critical yet sympathetic C. academic and philosophic D. observant and satiric3. By "it is not so much, in fact, the imitation which is the sign of an abdication, as its literalness" in Paragraph 2, the author means to say that the ______ of French toys is the sign of an abdication.A. literariness B. precision C. verbatim D. verisimilitude4. The author of the passage believes that more ______ toys are less likely to carry the ideological signs of the culture and thus allow for more freedom and creativity on the part of the child.A. primitive B. sophisticated C. abstract D. elaborate5. Answer the question according to the passage.According to the passage, in what ways are French toys problematic? Answer the question in 4 or 5 sentences.Passage CAmerican ethnocentricity, while manifest in general attitudes toward others is, of course, tempered somewhat by the very heterogeneity of the population that we have been examining. Thus, while there are the broad standard-expressed in the ways most Americans set goals for theirchildren, organize their political lives, and think about their society in contrast to others-living in our racial and ethnic mosaic makes us more inclined to think in terms of layers or circles of familiarity. A black from Chicago feels and thinks very American in Iago or Nairobi as does an Italian from Brooklyn when visiting relatives in Calabria or Sicily. But when they get home, they will generally reveal to feeling "black" in contrast to " white" and Italian in comparison to other Americans in their **munities.Ethnocentrism is found in political as well as in ethnic contexts. Much of the discussion of patriotism and loyalty is couched in language that reflects rather narrow culture-bound thinking. At various periods in our history this phenomenon has been particularly marked—we remind ourselves of the nativistic movements of the pre-Civil War period, of the anti-foreign organizations during the time of greatest immigration, and the McCarthyism of the early 1950s. During the McCarthy era there was a widespread attempt to impose the notion that anyone who had ever joined a Marxist study group, supported the Loyalist in the Spanish Civil War, or belonged to any one of a number of liberal organizations was "un-American."It is clear that not only those "over the sea" are viewed (and view others) ethnocentrically. These distinctions between "they" and "we" exist within societies as well. In modem industrial societies most individuals belong to a wide array of social groups that differentiate them from others—familial, religious, occupational, recreational, and so on. Individuals are frequently caught in a web of conflicting allegiances. This situation is often surmounted by a hierarchical ranking of groups as referents for behavior. In most societies, including our own, the family is the primary reference group. As we have seen in the U. S. , ethnic or racial identity and religious groups are often judged on the basis of how closely they conform to the standards of the group passing judgment.Thus, several studies have shown that in American society many whites holding Christian beliefs, who constitute both the statistical majority and the dominant group, rank minorities along a continuum of social acceptability. They rate members of minority groups in descending order in terms of how closely the latter approximate their image of "real Americans." Early studies of "social distance" indicated that most ranked groups in the following manner- Protestants from Europe at the top, then, Irish Catholics, Iberians, Italians, Jews, Spanish-Americans. American-born Chinese and Japanese, blacks, and foreign-born Asians. A 1966 study suggested the following rank order: English, French, Swedes, Italians, Scots, Germans, Spaniards, Jews, Chinese, Russians, and blacks. While, over the years, most Americans generally have considered those of English or Canadian ancestry to be acceptable citizens, good neighbors, social equals, and desirable marriage partners, relatively few feel the same way about those who rank low in scales of social distance.There is an interesting correlate to this finding. Investigators have found that minority-group members themselves tend to accept the dominant group's ranking system—with one exception, each tends to put his or her own group at the top of the scale.Ranking in one characteristic of ethnocentric thinking- generalizing is another. The more another group differs from one's own, the more one is likely to generalize about its social characteristics and to hold oversimplified attitudes towards its members. When asked to describe our close friends, we are able to cite their idiosyncratic traits, we may distinguish among subtle differences of physiognomy, demeanor, intelligence, and interests. It becomes increasingly diffcult to make the same careful evaluation of casual neighbors; it is almost impossible when we think ofpeople we do not know at first- hand. Understandably, the general tendency is to assign strangers to available group categories that seem to be appropriate. Such labeling is evident in generalized images of "lazy" Indians, " furtive " Japanese, " passionate " Latins, and " penny-pinching" Scots.Ranking others according to one's own standards and categorizing them into generalized stereotypes together serve to widen the gap between "they" and "we." Freud has written that "in the undisguised antipathies and aversions which people feel toward strangers with whom they have to do we may recognize the expression of self- love—of narcissism," in sociological terms, a function of ethnocentric thinking is the enhancement of group cohesion. There is a close relationship between a high degree of ethnocentrism on the part of one group and an increase of antipathy toward others. This relationship tends to hold for ethnocentrism of both dominant and minority groups.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence.1. The author of the passage means to say that ______.A. ethnocentrism is a psychological problem B. ethnocentrism exists parochially C. ethnocentrism varies in degree and intensity in different social groups D. ethnocentrism is a universal phenomenon2. According to the passage, all of the following have ethnocentric implications EXCEPT ______.A. nationalism B. family feuds C. class snobbishness D. the Holocaust3. The author states that ______.A. the minority group tends to internalize the mainstream discriminatory ideas B. less space between and among people would prevent discrimination C. treating narcissism psychoanalytically would reduce the degree of ethnocentrism D. judging people from their point of view tends to remove ethnocentrism4. The disciplinary, background of the author is most likely to beA. political science B. psychology C. sociology D. anthropology5. Answer the question according to the passage.What ideas are behind the generalized image of "lazy" Indians? Answer the question in 4 or 5 sentences.Passage DNearly a century ago, biologists found that if they separated an invertebrate animal embryo into two parts at an early stage of its life, it would survive and develop as two normal embryos. This led them to believe that the ceils in the early embryo are undetermined in the sense that each cell has the potential to develop in a variety of different ways. Late biologists found that the situation was not so simple. It matters in which plane the embryo is cut. If it is cut in a plane different from the one used by the early investigators, it will not form two whole embryos.A debate arose over what exactly was happening. Which embryo cells are determined, just when do they become **mitted to their fates and what are the "morphogenetic determinants" that tell a cell what to become? But the debate could not be resolved because no one was able to ask the crucial questions in a form in which they could be pursued productively. Recent discoveriesin molecular biology, however, have opened up prospects for a resolution of the determinants in early development. They have been able to show that, in a sense, ceil determination begins even before an egg is fertilized.Studying sea urchins, biologist Paul Gross found that an unfertilized egg contains substances that function as morphogenetic determinants. They are located in the cytoplasm of the egg cell, i.e. , in that part of the cell's protoplasm that lies outside of the nucleus. In the unfertilized egg, the substances ate inactive and are not distributed homogeneously. When the egg is fertilized, the substances become active and, presumable, govern the behavior of the genes they interact with. Since the substances are unevenly distributed in the egg, when the fertilized egg divides, the resulting cells are different from the start and so can be qualitatively different in their own gene activity.The substances that Gross studied are maternal messenger RNA's—products of certain of the maternal genes. He and other biologists studying a wide variety of organisms have found that these particular RNA's direct, in large part, the synthesis of histones a class of proteins that bind to round them to form a structure that resembles beads, or knots, on a string. The beads are DNA segments wrapped around the histone; the string is the intervening DNA. And it is the structure of these beaded DNA strings that guides the fate of the cells in which they are located.Choose the most appropriate from the four choices to complete the sentence or answer the question.1. The passage is most probably directed at which kind of audience?A. State legislators deciding about funding levels for a state-funded biological laboratory. B. Readers of an alumni newsletter published by the college that Paul Gross attended C. Marine biologists studying the processes that give rise to new species. D. Undergraduate biology majors in molecular biology course2. It can be inferred form the passage that the morphogenetic determinants present in the early embryo are ______.A. evenly distributed unless the embryo is not developing normally B. inactive until the embryo cells become **mitted to their final function C. identical to those that were already present in the unfertilized egg D. present in larger quantities than is necessary for the development of a single individual3. The main topic of the passage is ______.A. the main contribution of modern embryology to molecular biology B. the role of molecular biology in disproving older theories of embryonic development C. cell determination as an issue in the study of embryonic development D. scientific dogma as a factor in the recent debate over the value of molecular biology4. According to the passage, the morphogenetic determinants present in the unfertilized egg cell are which of the following ?A. histones B. maternal messenger RNA' s C. cytoplasm D. nonbeaded intervening DNA5. Write a summarySummarize the passage in 4 or 5 sentences.Part Ⅲ Writing。
2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题
2015年北京外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆版英语翻译基础英汉短语互译：Bogor GoalsFTAAPzero-sum gameALSNASAgenomic variationozone depletionsinologybitcoinUNCEDpaparazziamino aciddigital divideexistentialismsilver-spoon kids十八届四中全会亚太经合组织互联互通量化宽松公使衔参赞埃博拉病毒自闭症防空识别区负面清单房产税专利技术和而不同地沟油真人秀逆袭今年篇章翻译由以前的四篇改为了两篇，我也破天荒第一次翻译前打了草稿。
英译汉是一篇有关里约环境会议的，说实话我词汇量不行，看着也有点儿晕。
汉译英是刘梦溪写的有关孟子精神和现代社会的文章，很多文言文，比如什么礼义廉耻、国之四端之类。
其实明白中文的意思翻译倒也不是特别难。
汉语写作与百科知识：尼罗河战略伙伴关系四大菩萨十字军中亚五国日心说元素周期律丝绸之路经济带金字塔APEC金砖四国九大行星三省六部的“六部”《牡丹亭》东盟IS（就是伊斯兰国）南北战争二十八宿《俄狄浦斯王》三一律“新寓言”派《菊与刀》北约苏辛《说文解字》单拿出来这些词看起来好像很难懂，其实放在句子里还是很好理解的，有四五个不怎么明白的也根据句子的语境自己蒙着写了点儿。
应用文是根据自己经历的某件事写一则消息，是新闻体裁的一种大作文给一段材料，写一个人从火车上丢了一个鞋子，然后马上扔了另一个，说这只鞋留着也没用，有人捡到没准还能穿。
然后以“让失去变的可爱”为题写一篇作文。
（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。
（2）考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。
说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。
（3）阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。
（4）阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后面补充说明的部分。