1 上海市黄浦区2015届高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)
上海市黄浦区2015届高三上学期期终调研测试（一模） 英语试卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（A） The Problem with Top-School Lists There are around 4,000 accredited universities and other higher education institution in the United States. They offer an immense range of educational experiences, 25__________large research universities to small, friendly liberal arts colleges. This helps explain 26_________the United States attracts more international students than any other country, says Allan E. Goodman, president of the Institute of International Education, 27___________non-profit group promoting student exchanges to and from American. “While elite(精英) U.S programs are among the top ten in the world,” Goodman says, “the unique strength of the U.S. higher education system is diversity.” There is no official ranking system to indicate which institutions are better than others, 28__________several unofficial rankings are listed by magazines and associations. However, educators urge caution in using a ranking table and emphasize that 29___________(good) choice for one student may be very different for another. Institutions of all types 30___________(spread) across the United States. Some students want a campus that will give them the excitement and rich cultural life of a big city such as New York, Chicago, or Los Angeles. 31__________value the peace and beauty of a rural setting, whether the quiet forests and snowy winters of the Northeast, subtropical Florida, the dry expanse of the West, or the Pacific coast with its seashore and nearby mountains. Many institutions have particular strengths in certain academic areas, 32___________(make) them a good choice for students interested in those fields.
（B） An evolving game Asia has already become a center of the women’s professional game, and much of the growth in participation across the world is coming from women’s golf. Family-friendly facilities 33___________(develop) for a new golfing demographic(人群) in the following years, 34__________ more women are playing the game and men and women are increasingly spending their leisure time together. Children’s engagement with the game will increase. In China, golf is recognized as a game 35___________teaches children important life principles. Free golf training is offered to kinder-gartners and some parents are now prepared to spend up to 300,000 yuan a year on lessons for their children. “Asia will play an increasingly vital role in the furture development of golf,” say top players past and present. More top events will be added to the schedule in China and other places in Asia, 36__________ the game is becoming more popular. Back-to-back Open Champion Padraig Harrington agrees: You only
37___________ look at the European Tour’s schedule and see how many tournaments are now being hosted by Asia, whether in the Middle East or Far East,” he says. “Change is the price of survival,” says golf legend Gary Player, one of a handful of players 38__________(achieve) the Career Grand Slam(大满贯). “With the eyes of the sport now firmly 39___________(focus) on Asia, I can see several of the world’s Top 10 coming from Asia and several more global tournaments hosted there by 2020.” The game will also become more technologically engaged. Advances in digital technology will change the face of 40_________(coach) with “smart clubs” which memorizes golfers’s grip and swing, allowing them to analyze their performance and learn from their mistakes.
Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.
A. including B. creation C. extended D. prohibited E. suggestions F. special G. linking H. investment I. agreements J. coating K. legal Last week, Verizon and Google proposed a plan they say could keep the Internet open while supporting _____41_____ in high-speed Internet service. Verizon has the nation's biggest wireless network while Google is the biggest Internet search engine. The proposal was a surprise because the two companies have been on opposite sides of the debate over net neutrality. That is the idea that all content on the Web should be treated equally. Internet service providers want to be able to charge more for heavy Internet traffic or users who want _____42 ____ services. The Federal Communications Commission regulates telephone, cable and satellite communications. But its power to regulate Internet service has been questioned in the courts. The new proposal calls for rules barring service providers from preventing users from sending and receiving _____43_____ information of any kind. Users also could not be prevented from _____44_____ any application, service or device they choose to the Web. And broadband Internet providers would be _____45_____ from discriminating against content and would have to be open about their policies. Supporters of net neutrality criticized the proposal for not _____46_____wireless providers. Wireless broadband is among the fastest growing parts of the Internet. Others oppose the _____47_____ of a "two-tiered" system on the Internet in which some content gets a fast lane and other content goes slowly.But Daniel Brenner says such a system already exists. DANIEL BRENNER: "In some ways there are two tiers today. In other words, there's the public Internet which we all use for Web surfing, e-mail and sometimes for voice. And then there are managed networks." Daniel Brenner is a partner at the law firm Hogan Lovells in Washington. He says service providers want to be able to charge more because they build networks out to their customers across the country. Such companies are the so-called "last mile" providers. But, the Internet is really a network of networks which exchange traffic all the time and compete with each other. And not all networks reach the last mile to a customer's door. Paul Kouroupas of Global Crossing says his company wants to make sure _____48_____ between service providers are honored on all networks. That way, a service promised by Global Crossing on its fiber optic network will be _____49_____ all the way to a customer's door — even if another company carries the service that last mile. The Verizon-Google proposal offers _____50_____ for a debate that is not likely to end soon. Daniel Brenner says the FCC needs clearer guidelines from Congress.
2015年高考上海英语试卷含答案,推荐文档
2015 年高考上海英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 150 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I 卷（第 1-12页）和第H 卷（第 13页）,全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
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第I 卷（共103分）I .Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on you paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.C.PleasedD.Regretful C.At the dentist 's D.At the chemist 's C.A translator D.A writer B. He can 't help the woman with her math. D.He doesn 't know where the “on ”button is.5. A.The woman should go to another couner.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D.The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A.She has no idea where to find the man 's exam result.B. She isn 't allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr.White hasn 't finished grading the papers.D.Dr.White doesn 't want to be contacted while he 's away.7. A .Move to a next dormitory B.Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with roommateD.Write an article about their roommate.8. A.Bob won 't take her advice.B. Bob doesn 't want to go abroad.C. She doesn 't think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn 't talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A.The snack bar isn 't usually so empty.B.Dessert is served in the snack bar.C.The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren 't sllowed in th library.10. A .Take her bicycle to the repair shop.B.Leave her bicycle outside.C.Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B,you will hear two short passages,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possibleanswers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.ImpatientB.Confused 2.At a bus stopB.At a laundry 3.An actor B.A salesman4. A .He lost his classmate 'sQuestion 11 through 13 are based on the follow ing passage.11. A.It helps care for custermer ' dogs.C.None of the dogs are caged12. A.She likes the food there.C.She can have free coffee.13. A.A new kind of care.C.A new home for pets. Questi on 14 through 16 are based on the follow ing passage.14. A.A trend that high achiever are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quallity is more importa nt tha n pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobsD. A new term created by high achivers15. A. 10% B.12% C.6% D.7%16. A .P eople are less satisfied with their lives. B.The finan cial in vestme nt may in crease.C.Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D.Un expected problem may arise. Sectio n CDirections: In Sectio n C,you will hear tow Ion ger con versati on s.The con versati ons will be read twice.After you hear each con versatio n,you are required to fill in the nu mbered bla nks with the in formatio nyou have heard. Write your an swersBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.n .Grammar and vocabularySectio n ADirections: Af ter readi ng the passages below, fill in the bla nks to make the passages cohere nt and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other bla nks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.(A)Gift from a stra ngerMy local supermarket is aways busy. The first parking space I found was convenient,but I ' noticed awoman in a blue car cireling for a white (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I left her have it .On the edge of thecar park I backed into the next available spot-it was a tight fit.B.You have to buy food for dogs. D.There is a dog n amed Prin cess B.She enjoys the fun with a pet. D.She does n'tlike to be alone. B.A new brand of coffee.D.A new way to raise pets.Pretty soon I ' made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _ (empty) my purse change into the heads of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woma n I'd let have my car spot carlier.She was fivi ng me (27) odd-look half puzzled,half intent( 热切的).I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I back into mycar, I saw the same lady(28) _____ (look) in at me. Hello, ” she said ,hesitantly This (29) ______ sould crazy,but I was on my way to drop some of my mother ' thing off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) __her. You helped those people , I noticed, and you seemed so happy." She looked at me meaningfully and paused a box in through the window. “ think she would like you to have it. "(31) ___________________ (shock), I took itfrom her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause. I ope ned the box. In side was a beautiful gold n ecklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _ (nice) gift I ' ever receibed, and I was from a complete stanger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm remin der of huma n kindn ess.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpfu hann ah,I'd got a problem with my husba nd, Sam. He bought a smartpho ne a couple of mon ths ago, and be took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant arge (33) (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes! He ' so addicted to it that he just can ' sta nd the idea(34) there may be an importa nt text . He can 'help check ing eve n at in appropriate timeslike whe n we are eati ng in a restaura nt and I am talk ing to him ! He behaves (35) ___ ___ any smallamount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn ' The temptation to see (36) ___________________ is connecting him is just too great.When I ask him to please put down the phoneand stop (37) ___ (igoore) me, he says, “n a minute," but still checks to see if (38) ____ has postedsomething new on the internet. Our life (39) ___ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave thephone at home ,he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Mybe this depe ndency on his smartph one has become more tha n an everyday problem.I recently read an article about homophobia" (40) _______ is real illness people can suffer from the feat ofbeing without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he does n 'have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSectio n BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.Considering how much time people spend in offices,it is important that work spaces be wellldesigned.Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impressi on on people who visit and might be pote ntial, or 41 ,customers,They make bus in esses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an in dustrial-based economy to a kno wledge-based on e,office desig ners have come up with 42 tothe traditi onal work envionments of the past, The desig n in dustry has moved away from a fixed offices setup and created more flexible strategic man ageme nt environmen ts ".These 43 soluti ons are meant to support better orga ni zati onal performa nee.As employee hierachies (等级制度) have flattened,or decreased,office designers response to this changehas bee n to move ope n-pla n areas to more desirable locati ons with in the office and crate fewer formal private offices. The n eed for in creased flexibility has also bee n 44 by cha nges in workstati on desig n. Offices and work spaces ofte n are not 45 to a give n pers on on a perma nent basis. Because of cha nges to methods of work ing, new desig ns allow for expa nsion or moveme nt of desks, storage,a nd equipme nt with in the workstatio n.Ano ther importa nt desig n goal is com muni cati on, which desig ners have improved by loweri ng the walls that 46 workstati on s.Desig ners have also created in formal gatheri ng places,a nd upgraded employees' 47 to heavily traficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and in stituti onal office desig ners ofte n struggle to resolve a nu mber of compet ing and ofte n 4 demands,including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies,and techological innovation (especially in relationto computerizati on ) .These dema nds must also be bala need with the n eed to careate in teriors (内饰)that inIsome way en cha nce,establish,or promote a compa ny s inm age and will en able employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office desig n are related.The most successful office desig ns are like a good marriage-thewell-desig ned office and the employess that occupy it are seem in gly made for each other.III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSectio n ADirections: For each bla nk in the follow ing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect in terest i n roma nee among the artists. 51 , you would see ple nty of ani mals with people running after them. Life for ancient people '(snelaiD n eid(tcBO^nd|etheri ng wild foods formeals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people ' s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless nu mber of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certa in: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First Impressi onTo help determ ine the 56 of attract ion, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other 'individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what ki nd of relati on ship they were likely to build with their part ners. After nine weeks, they reported what happe ned.As it turned out, their 58 judgeme nts ofte n held true. Stude nts seemed to 59 at an early stagewho would best fit i nto their lives.The 60 K nowsScie ntists have also tur ned to non huma ns to in crease un dersta nding of attract ion. Many an imals give off phero mones —n atural chemicals that can be detected by, and the n can produce a resp onse in, other ani mals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ―61 _________________ topartn erships. In con trast, huma ns do not seem to be as 62 as other ani mals at detect ing such chemicals.Smell, however, does seem to play a part in huma n attract ion. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of some one seems to have a nu mber of factors, in clud ing see ing someth ing we find attractive. Researchershad people judge faces for 63 . The participa nts had 0.013 sec onds to view each face, yet somehow they gen erally con sidered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractive ness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. I nstead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. roma ntic B. stressful C. cen tral D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. prin ciple54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased55. A. appeara nces B. virtues C. similarities D.posit on56. A. illustrati ons B. imagi nati ons C. in gredie nts D. in structors57. A. predict B. in vestigate C. diag nose D. recall58. A. critical B. i nitial C. ran dom D. mature59. A. memorize B. disti nguish C. n egotiate D. questi on60. A. Nose B . Eye C. Heart D. Ha nd61. A. open B. alert C. resista nt D. superior62. A. disappo in ted B. amazed C. con fused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractive ness C. i ndividuality D. sig nals64. A. enhance B. possess C. main tai n D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. Irritat ingSectio n BDirections: Read the follow ing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questi ons or unfini shed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history ' s cultural symbols, and there you ' ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowmar the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dat ing all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity ' s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, sno wme n were a phe nomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through tow n to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, i ncludi ng a 19-year-old Michela ngelo, who in 1494 was appo in ted by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion ' s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place duri ng six freez ing works called the Win ter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in sno wme n — an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people ' s imagination. F( of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were deali ng with damagi ng floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don ' t worry: I ' ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland,celebrate the beg inning of spri ng by blow ing up a sno wma n. On the third Mon day of April, the holiday Sechselaute n is kicked off whe n a cott on sno wma n called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through tow n by bakers and other tradesme n who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, represe nti ng the pass ing of win ter, the pile is lit. When the sno wma n explodes, win ter is con sidered officially over —the quicker it is bur nt dow n, the Ion ger summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People Ion ged to see masterpieces of snow.C. Buildi ng sno wme n was a way for people to express themselves.D. Buildi ng sno wme n helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “ The heyday of the sno wma n ” (paragraph 4) means the time when _________ .A. sno wme n were made mai nly by artistsB. sno wme n enjoyed great popularityC. sno wme n were politically criticizedD. sno wme n caused damagi ng floods68. In Zurich, the blow ing up of the Boogg symbolizes ________________ .A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a Ion ger summerC. the pass ing of the win terD. the success of tradesme n69. What can be con cluded about sno wme n from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-le ngth feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in2006, and if you watch it, you ' ll understand why. ItEtew s an absolibrilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-lovi ng inven tor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a companyto protect the town s vegetables f rom hungry rabbits. However, just before the annualGia nt Vegetable70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer ' s opinion of actingC. The writer ' s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “ monster ” (paragraph B) refers to ____ .A. a gun-crazy hun terB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a gia nt vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It ' s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feeli ngs without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harm ony betwee n man and ani mals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspe n In stitute for a day-l ong leadership workshop using the worksof Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “ Brutus was notman, ” he said. “ He was a(tr叛徒).And he murdered some one in cold blood. ” The agreeme nt was thatBrutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, theysaid—at least as it was prese nted by Shakespeare- to take the lead in murderi ng Julius Caesar. And thoughone of the executives ack no wledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar wasnevertheless his superior. “ You have to endeavor, ” the executives said, “ our policy is to obey the comma nd. ”During the last few years, bus in ess executives and book writers look ing for a new way to advisecorporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare ' s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so thanhusba nd and wife team Kenn eth and Carol Adelma n, well-k nown advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “ Movers and Shakespeares ” . They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have comb ined their passi on and their high level con tacts into a man ageme nt training bus iness. They con duct betwee n 30 and 40 workshops annu ally, focus ing on half a doze n differe nt plays, mostly for corporati ons, but also for gover nment age ncies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation （狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespearetradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry ' s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come toetxhtewtith a fewbiases （ 偏向 ）: their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say abo ut Brutus, saying“ the noblest Roman of them all ” couldn ' t make h mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar which led to his murder, and Brutus 's madisintagktehsein alefter the murder, they said, raise vitalquestions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Bade74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “ Movers and Shakespeares” to _______ . A. help executives to understand Shakespeare ' s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare ays ' s plC. provide case studies of Shakespeare ' s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare' s plays. 75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .A. the A delmans ' programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of ShakespeareC. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is ___s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture s plays: An essential key to business success splalye s :saon for business motivation s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children' s development. sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second,youth sport programs have long been consi dered important to youth ' s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they mustconsider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for s plays.A. ShakespeareB. ShakespeareC. ShakespeareD. Shakespeareboth males and females. C? t &2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone 's backyard). When involved in deliberate play activit children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likelyto _______________ .80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at ___________ .第II 卷 (共47 分)I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2015届黄浦区一模听力文字稿
黄浦区2014学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷听力原文I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: How long will it take you to fix my cell phone?M:____________________________________Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?2. M: Hello, can I book two tickets to Tokyo at 5:15 on February 4th？W: ____________________________________Is 5:30 or 6:00 all right?Q: Which flight does the man want to take?3. W: Have you heard that the sports meeting will be put off till next Monday？M: ___________________________________We’ll have to wait three more days just because of the heavy rain!Q: What day is it today?4. M: You’ll come to the party with us tomorrow, won’t you?W: Yes. Well, ____________________________________ but can I bring my sister along? Q: What does the woman mean?5. W: What do you think of the apartment, sir?M: Well, it’s a bit more expe nsive than I expected. ______________________Q: What is the man going to do?6. M: I don’t know where to take Mary for dinner tonight.W: Have you ever been to the Korean . ______________________Q: What does the woman suggest?7. W: When I go on a diet, I eat only fruit, and that takes off weight quickly.M:. ______________________and then run regularly to lose weight.Q: How does the man control his weight?8. M: Have you been to the nearest shopping mall recently?W: Yes. . ______________________Everything was sold at a special discount of 50%.Q: What can we learn about the shopping mall?9. W: So please tell us a little bit about your book, Jonathan.M: Well, as you know, I was a popular movie star when I was young, so I had a very unusual childhood. . ______________________Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10. M: I think more attention should be paid to the danger of drunk driving now.W:. ______________________You see, countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year.Q: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.For many young people, . ______________________ You can get a chance to broaden your vision, to learn about a new culture, to make new friends in a foreign country and to study at the world’s finest schools.Now, let’s look at . ______________________the University of Melbourne, Australia. This university has established itself one of the finest universities in Australia as well as the whole world. It is located in the beautiful city of Melbourne. The school prides itself on being international and open to the world, and there are a large number of students from China.In 2004, the university celebrated its 150-year anniversary. The school now boasts 40,000 students pursuing degrees in architecture, medicine, law and education. The University’s Melbourne Business School is ranked number one in Australia and the Asia-Pacific region. Cricket. ______________________, and basketball and football are also very popular. There are also teams for water skiing, surfing and volleyball.If you apply for this university, your TOEFL scores are required to reach 577 or more. The tuition fee is reasonable. A Bachelor of Arts for international students only costs about $57,750. Questions:11. When was the University of Melbourne set up?12. Which sport is NOT mentioned in the passage?13. What does this passage mainly tell us?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.. ______________________This forces animals and plants to move to cooler areas and make other changes. Warmer weather is causing many kinds of wildlife to leave their native environments. Nature magazine reports that such natural events as tree flowering and long-distance travel by birds are now happening earlier in the year.The scientists say the result of these changes could be environmental damage and local losses of wildlife. They also warn that some creatures could disappear completely.Plants and animals have always had to react to the changing environments. However, theclimate is now changing faster than ever before.In a study, the scientists examined 99 kinds of birds, insects and plants in North America and Europe. They found that the area where these plants and animals live has moved north by an average of six kilometers every ten years. . ______________________100 kilometers to the north because of changes linked to higher temperatures. Questions:14.What will happen to the wildlife with the rising of temperature?15.Which of the statements is NOT true according to the passage?16.What does the study made by scientists imply?Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: Brian, your chocolate cookies taste so nice. Could you tell me your recipe for them?M: Sure. First, mix together 2 cups of flour and a teaspoon of baking soda. Then add a teaspoon of salt. After that, mix together a cup of butter and a cup of sugar in a separate bowl. Are you with me so far, Alice?W: . ______________________M: Okay. Next, add 2 eggs and then …W: Oh, wait, Brian! I didn’t get that.M: . ______________________Next, add 2 eggs, and then combine all these in a large bowl.W: . ______________________M: Good. Now, where was I? Oh, yes. Slowly mix in a cup of chocolate and a cup of nuts, any nuts you like. Then form little cookies from the mixture. And finally, bake for 8 minutes at 175 degrees centigrade.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.W: Excuse me, can you explain some differences between a zip code and an area code?M: Sure. Both of them are numbers. A zip code is for mailing letters. An area code is for making phone calls.W: . ______________________M: Long distance calls.W: All right. And what is a zip code?M: When I write a letter to my friends in New York, I write 10035 on the envelope. That’s their zip code.W: . ______________________but their zip code is 10004.M: Yes. In a big state there are different zip codes for different parts of the state. As to the area code, it depends. Sometimes a whole state has the same area code if it doesn’t have many telephones. For instance, the area code for the whole state of Arizona is 802. But a large state usually has a larger number of telephones, so it may have more than one area code.W: Yes, you are right! New York State has millions of telephones, . ______________________Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.。
2015年上海市青浦区高三英语一模测试卷(含答案)(20200223160416)
青浦区2014学年第一学期期末考试试卷高三英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷(共103分)I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)During the summer days my mother built her fire in the shadow of our cabin. In the early morningour simple breakfast (25) (spread) upon the grass. The morning meal was our quiet hour.At noon, several (26) chanced to be passing by stopped to rest, and to share our luncheon with us. I loved (27) (well) the evening meal, for that was the time old stories were told.I was always glad when the sun hung low in the west, for then my mother sent me to invite the neighboring old people to eat supper with us. "Yes, yes, gladly, gladly I shall come!" each replied. My mission done, I ran back, (28) (skip) and jumping with delight.At the arrival of our guests I sat close to my mother, and did not leave her side. I ate my supper in quiet, listening patiently to the talk of the old people, wishing all the time that they would begin the stories. At last, when I (29) not wait any longer, I whispered in my mother's ear, "(30)them to tell an Iktomi story, mother."Then my mother said aloud, "My little daughter is anxious to hear your stories." As each in turn began to tell a legend, I pillowed my head in my mother's lap; and lying flat upon my back, I watched (31) stars one by one. The increasing interest of the tale aroused me, and I sat up eagerly listening for every word. The old women made funny remarks, and laughed so heartily (32) I could not help joining them.(B)The 43rd U.S. president George W. Bush stepped back into the spotlight when a library and museum dedicated to him opened to the public on May 1. the George W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is dedicated (33) the campus of Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. The library and museum is plentiful with exhibits on the historical events. “About 3000,000museum spokesman.visitors (34) (expect)”,said the library and1 / 10Presidential libraries are not libraries in the traditional sense. People cannot go to the George W. Bush Presidential library (35) (check) out a book. They are facilities that preserve documents and items of a president and his act of governing. (36) is preserved at a presidential library is available to the public to see and study because presidential libraries are public property (37) (belong) to the American people.The Presidential library system began in 1939 when President Franklin Roosevelt ,during(38) second term in office, donated his personal and presidential papers to the government. Up until that point, presidential papers were destroyed, sold for profit, ruined by poor storage conditions, (39) were simply lost to the history.Roosevelt believed that presidential documents were an important part of the nation?s heritage. He also donated a potion of his estate in Hyde PARK, New York, (40) his library and museum would be built. This began a tradition that would carry on with every president that followed.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. numberB. recallC. constantD. additionE. achieveF. differentG. exposedH. obviouslyI. preciousJ. varietyK. typicallyIt's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful----being asked to read the same book for many times. But while the 41 repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for toddlers to learn new words, according to research.The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar or The Gruffalo will 42 far more.Dr Jessica Horst, of the University of Sussex?s WORD Lab devised an experiment to check how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and 43 six new words. The children were visited three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three 44 stories. All had the same amount of new words which appeared the same 45 of times.When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story overand over had 46 learned 3.6 of the new words. While those 47 to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6.They also noted the ,repetition? group learned at a faster rate than those in the,48 ? group.Dr Horst said: ,We ar e showing that less is more, to a point. And, 49 , the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help them. But you don?t need to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine book. Reading the same books over and over agai n helps.?Speaking of the 50 studies, we have found one in three don?t read to their children before putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one literacy sessions can improve reading age by nearly two years in less than five months.2 / 10III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Seven-year-old Jordan Lisle, in Mill Valley, California,joined his family at a packed after-hours school event last month aimed at inspiring anew interest: computer programming.The event was part of a national educational ___51____ in computer coding instruction that is growing at Internet speeds. Since December, 20,000 teachers from kindergarten through 12thgrade have___52_____ coding lessons, according to , a group backed by the techindustry that offers free curriculums. ___53_____, some 30 school districts have agreed to addcoding classes in the fall. And policy makers innine states have begun awarding the same ___54____ for computer science classes that they do forbasic math and science courses, rather than treating them as optional courses.It is a remarkable change for computer science. Smartphones and apps are commonplace now, and engineering careers are __55____. To many parents, coding looks more like a basiclife skill, one that might someday __56____ a great job or even instant riches.The spread of coding instruction, ___57____ just new, is “never known—there?s neversaid Elliot Soloway, a professor of education and computerscience been a move this fast in education,”at the University of Michigan. He sees it as very positive, ___58____ inspiring studentsto develop a new passion, perhaps the way that teaching frog dissection (解剖) may inspire future surgeons and biologists.But the exposure to early coding comes with __59__, too. It is not clear that teaching basiccom puter science in grade school will beget future jobs or encourage __60___ creativity andlogical thinking. And particularly foryounger children, Dr. Soloway said, the activity is more like a video game, but not likely to impart actual programming skills. A coding curriculum, ___61___ by Code. Org., combines basic instruction with videogames involving Angry Birds and hungry zombies.The lessons do not __62____ traditional compor “turn right” uter language. Rather, they use simple wordcommands — like “move forward”— that children can click on and move around, to ___63____ an Angry Bird to capture a pig.The movement comes with no shortage of “we?re changing the world”marketing passion fromsaid JohnPearce, Silicon Valley.“Thisis strategically ___64____for the economy of the United States,”a technology businessman who has started a nonprofit, MV Gate, with Jeff Leane,to bring youth and family coding courses developed by to MillValley.3 / 10Parents love the idea of giving children something to do with computers that they see ascan?t take my kid playing one more hour of video games,____65___, Mr. Pearce said.“Ｉbut if the children are exploring coding, I tell him I can live with that all night long.”51. A. temptation B. movement C. motion D. proposition52. A. introduced B. appealed C. recognized D. calculated53. A. In addition B. However C. Therefore D. Thus54. A. rewards B. prizes C. credits D. funds55. A. costly B. critical C. insecure D. hot56. A. result from B. work out C. pick up D. lead to57. A. before B. while C. when D. after58. A. virtually B. extensively C. potentially D. annoyingly59. A. warnings B. responsibility C. admission D. compliments60. A. superior B. inferior C. fiercer D. broader61. A. collected B. developed C. mentioned D. sacrificed62. A. declare B. cover C. call D. deepen63. A. forbid B. resist C. urge D. direct64. A. sensible B. reliable C. significant D. common65. A. efficient B. measurable C. productive D. stableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)POETRY BY HEART By Andrew Motion (Viking￡16.99)For three years, a terrific national competition hasencouraged pupils aged 14 to 18 to learn and recitepoetry — and this fat collection is the pool of 200poems from which they have to make their choice.This anthology makes a fine present for anyoneinterested in poetry, ranging from the earliest Englishpoem through every century to current poetry withmany themes and from different ethnic backgrounds.Some of the choices seem odd to me —but that?s partof the fun, as you wonder why. The notes make thebook really useful. Every home should have a copy.4 / 10POEMS THAT MAKE GROWN MEN CRYEdited by Anthony and Ben Holden (Simon &16.99)Schuster ￡This is a fascinating, wide-ranging selection of poemschosen by 100 well-known men — simply becausethey find them deeply moving. But grown men aren?t supposed to cry, are they?Some of the poems are about loss, as you?d expect, but others are about deeply held political passions orintense observations of nature. Each is introduced bythe chooser, usually with frank personal detail.BLACK COUNTRY by Liz Berry (Chatto ￡10)someoneThis is a writer I?m thrilled to discover —who takes a pride in the Midlands, where she lives.Berry uses some of the dialect words she heard as a child, turning ordinariness into something direct,tender and beautiful.The disagreeable Brummie accent becomes music inthe hands of this fine young poet.5 / 10LEARNING TO MAKE AN OUD IN NAZARETH by10)Ruth Padel (Chatto ￡Padel is one of our most talented writers. Poet,naturalist, musician and travel writer, she turns hermulti-layered poetic attention to the Middle East,seeking peace and harmony through sensitive andmoving poems that offer hope even as they reflectupon struggle.Her prolific and passionate creativity is proof that,making is our defence against the dark?.66. Of the four books mentioned above, who are the creators of the poems?A. Andrew Motion and Liz BerryB. Liz Berry and Ruth PadelC. Anthony and Ben HoldenD. Ruth Padel and Ben Holden67. Which of the following statements is true?A. Students aged 14 to 18 can choose a poem from Black Country to take part in a competition.B. Liz Berry can change the unpleasant Brummie accent into a beautiful song.C. Men will cry after they read the poems written by 100 distinguished persons.D. You will read personal perspectives in Poems That Make Grown Men Cry.68. My cousin is obsessed with poetry of different kinds, so my first choice as a gift for him would be______.A. Learning to Make an Oud in NazarethB. Black CountryC. Poetry by HeartD. Poems that Make Grown Men Cry69. Which of the four books may probably give the people living in psychological suffering comfortand relief?A. Poems that Make Grown Men CryB. Poetry by HeartC. Black CountryD. Learning to Make an Oud in Nazareth6 / 10(B)Emergency rooms (ER) are supposed to cure people but Dr. John Stemgold wonders if working inan ER in Willits made him sick. The ER was downwind of the Remco chrome plant. “I used to sitfacing that window and kind of daydream out the window, looking at Remco, looking at the fog comingout of there. Then I would cough and cough.” Stemgold said.What Dr.Stemgold didn?t know was that Remco was flowing out Chromium VI into the air--- achemical known to cause cancer and breathing problems in humans. A recent state health departmentstudy found that people who were in Willits when Remco was in operation from 1964 to 1995 are athigher risk for cancer because of Chromium VI exposure.Today Dr.Stemgold has lots of time to play his guitar. It turns out he has a form of breathingdifficulty. Hospital chemicals c ause coughing so violently that he?s broken bones and it?s cost him hiscareer. Others in this town believe the Chromium has made them sick, too, and their families. Actually,Chromium VI was classified as a carcinogen , a cancer-causing substance, thirty years ago, Twentyyears ago, a group of state scientific specialists found no exposure level below which carcinogeneffects would not have some probability of occurring. Still, Remco was allowed to flow out ChromiumVI into the air.In the battle to balance public health and a healthy economy, laws often favor business, AlanRamo is a professor of law at Golden Gate University. “There is a real drive to make money, to have employment. When there?s a real job that?s available and a theoretical risk of a chemical, jobs win out,business wins out.”And chemicals are allowed to flood the marketplace and the government requires strict testingbefore any drugs can be sold. But the vast majority of industrial chemicals are put into use little testingof any kind Chemicals that people like us, you and me might be exposed to. Marilyn Underwood iswith California state health department. “ You need to have the convincing evidence that something isicals are not tested until someone reportsbad to then start regulating it.” However, in most cases, chemthe abnormal, unnatural condition of the environment in general.“I think that if people really knew what really goes on with environmental protection I think theywould be shocked and they should be.” Says Professor Ramo. “It might be valuable for other people to know what has happened to me, not for me but for them.” He said “because they might be in a simila situation because of where they work.”70. What happened to the people who lived in Willits from 1964-1995?A. most of them were forced to move away.B. They earn a lot of fortune from the factory or the profit it brought about.C. employees from local area all got sick and lost their jobs at the plant.D. They have a greater chance of having severe disease.71. What can we infer from the scientists? finding twenty years ago?A. Chromium VI surroundings help surgeons have more casual life.B. More skillful and capable doctors were needed.C. There is no safe level of Chromium VI exposure.7 / 10D. A group of scientists were trying proper ways to solve the problems.72. When are new chemicals for industry tested?A. When they make smog-forming gases.B. When some problem is noticed.C. Ten years after they are first used.D. When the plant faces collapse.73. One of the important issues in the story is______.A. The dangers of emergency rooms that create health problem downwind.B. Doctors prescribing too many drugs.C. The battle to balance public health and a healthy economyD. Why scientists restricted chemical, like Chromium VI(C)The vast majority of fitness trackers count your steps and are worn around the wrist, but nowthere?s a device that?s designed to be worn like a necklace and monitors tiny movements to improveyour posture.The Fineck device aims to address neck pain by tracking tiny movement, spotting bad habits andsuggesting exercises via an accompanying app. Made from silicone(硅)and titanium(钛), Fineckmonitors a wearer?s movement, balance, posture and movement thanks to sensors inside. The Mou ntainView California-based firm says that a high percentage of people suffer from neck pain and associatedproblems, probably caused by more individuals doing office jobs, which generally involve leaning overcomputer keyboard.The device contains sensors, several different types of instruments to monitor movement, plus amonitor to shake. It connects to an iOS app via Bluetooth so that wearers can see their bad habits andplay “neck training” games. The app warns of health risks and records a user?s activity to build up acustomer personal health description. The necklace shakes to give smart advice, such as remindingwearers to sit up straight. The app also allows users to set goals, like many other wearables do.is the first wearable device for your neck that tracks your neck activity and warn you when you are in abad posture for too long. You can also exercise your neck with Fineck?s interactive games.” The, on the go,company writes on Kickstarter. “No matter where you are and what you are doing at officeor simply just feeling bored, Fineck will bring you enriched exercise experience through motionsensing games and therapies.”It also claims that it is “the world?s first titanium wearable device”. The metal is widely fashion stuff that you can wear or carry to match your clothes because it is lightweight, durable anddoes not tend to cause allergic(过敏的)reactions. It also offers additional features such as shaking toindicate alerts on a user?s smartphone, but it is not currently clear whether it can also be used like bands,to count steps, and so on.The Fineck has a battery life of around seven days and takes one hour to charge. It is available topre-order via Kickstarter from ＄69(￡44)and is due to ship in March next year.74. What helps the Fineck device to deal with neck pain?A. An accompanying app.B. A necklaceC. Computer keyboard.D. A remote control8 / 1075. Besides allowiong people to set goals, the iOS app also_____.A. improves your posture and suggests exercisesB. exercise your neck and does office jobsC. alerts you to health risk and records your activityD. counts your steps and addresses neck pain76. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Fineck takes an hour to charge and is available at any time.B. Movie stars like to wear necklace made of silicone to match their clothes.C. The device count the steps to help wearers to see their bad habits.D. Neck-ache is something caused by using computers too much.77. We can infer from the passage that the Fineck device will_____.A. actually not cause allergic reactions.B. enrich your life by providing “neck training” gamesC. monitor a wearer?s movement due to the material it is made ofD. help to correct your improper posturesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The one place you really don?t want to be on weekend is in hospital. Last week, it was revealed inthe research by Guy?s and St Thomas? hospital in London, that stroke patients admitted on a Saturdayor Sunday are up to 16 percent more likely to die .Meanwhile , a report earlier this year from NHS England found that all patients are 12 percent morelikely to die if admitted to hospital at the weekend ------this was because fewer senior staff were available and there was a lack of access to key physical examination tests, such as scans.But even if you?re not in hospital, weekends can be a health danger. You might have thought it wasyour chance to recover after a hard week ,but as we reveal, while they won?t kill you, weekends may be bad for your health.Headaches can occur more often at the weekend--------especially on a Saturday-------because of a chance in our routine, suggests Dr Andy Dowson, director of headache services at King?s College Hospit al, London. He says:” if you are used to eating at a certain time of day or getting up and falling asleep at the same time, not continuing in the normal way at the weekend can cause headaches as your body and brain try to adjust to irregular meals or having a lie-in.” one theory is that the hypot halamus is very sensitive to any change in the body?s routine.Caffeine withdrawal may be another factor, if you usually drink three or four cups of tea or coffeeon week days to help you concentrate at work, but don?t at the weekend, your body can go into withdrawal . it?s thought caffeine also influences the chemical messenger that widens blood vessels inthe brain----without it, these vessels narrow again, triggering a headache.Lying on the sofa in front of TV for hours watching your favorites after a week of running aroundcan make heartburn worse----or even cause it to happen, as sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward puts pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes9 / 10from the mouth to the stomach, say Steven Mann, a gastroenterologist at the Royal Free London Trust.Acid reflux can also become a problem at the weekend you cannot bear because of less regular meal times as a result of late nights and lie-ins, explains Dr Mann. And having a take away could be the final straw. “ O ily, fatty food stimulates acid production, which can also cause problems such as heartburn and overflowing with the food.”Dr Mann adds.(note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NOT MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS)78. besides fewer staff available, why are weekend patients admitted to hospitals more likely to die?79. what are the two factors which may cause headaches?80. A headache sometimes occurs when blood vessels narrow for lack of ___________________________________________81. we can infer from the passage that the final straw in the last paragraph means___________________________________.第Ⅱ卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.Translation.1.这项慈善基金的设立旨在中国推广青山年足球。
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷(含答案)
2024届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷2023年12月(完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分)第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers onyour paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a bookstore. B.At the train station. C.In a clock shop. D.On the street.2.A.They both prefer E-textbooks. B.The man is expecting printed textbooks.C.The woman is against the use of tablets.D.Neither of them needs tablets.3.A.They're formal. B.They're worth the price.C.They're out-of-date.D.They're poor in quality.4.A.Find a roommate. B.Move to a neat room,C.Post an ad for a cleaner.D.Reply to an ad,5.A.To make the computer beautiful. B.To protect his eyes.C.To get the computer to work longer.D.To keep the computer away from blue light.6.A.The movie theatre isn't popular in London.B.Londoners should have seen the foreign movie.C.Londoners had better learn foreigner languages.D.There is a great demand for foreign movies in London.7.A.The woman missed the discount. B.The woman isn't qualified for the discount.C.The woman fails to come to class on time.D.The woman can't join the new classes.8.A.Chase each other. B.Chat while eating. C.Prepare for a race. D.Serve a snack.9,A.It's suitable for her learning style. B.She wants to try different ways to learn.C.She prefers to connect notes to a story.D.It can strongly smooth her emotion.10.A.The hunting is to blame for the disappearance of the birds.B.The cause of the decline in the ducks'number is uncertain.C.She is unhappy with the climate change throughout the world.D.The man should find more scientific evidence for the birds'extinction.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages.After each conversation or passage,you will be asked several questions.The conversation and thepassages will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers onyour paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions ll through14are based on the following conversation.11.A.To ask for her help. B.To apply for the entry for the competition.C.To take back his copy of drawing.D.To confirm the name of his tutor.12.A.Improving the designs of saving energy.B.Designing a typical domestic kitchen appliance.C.Developing a new use for the existing technology.D.Adopting different approaches to existing problems.13.A.They don't sell well. B.They don't look appealing.C.They often cost too much.D.They vary in appearance.14.A.To push a button. B.To tum on the dishwasher.C.To decorate the pool.D.To break the glass.Questions15through17are based on the following passage.15.A.According to how important the work is.B.According to when the work occurs to you.C.According to how much you like the subject.D.According to when the work should be completed.16.A.Have a vacation, B.Reward yourself for finishing a task.C.Take some summer activities.D.Do something planned in advance.17.A.Those who lack time for study. B.Those who are good at making a plan.C.Those who prefer study to relaxation.D.Those who plan to study in summer.Questions18through20are based on the following passage.18.A.They expect to see receivers'happiness.B.They regard them as fashionable appliances.C.They want to show their taste in gift choices.D.They value the feelings delivered by the gifts.19.A.Their appearance. B.Their packaging C.Their price, D.Their usefulness20.A.Write it on the wish list. B.Tell givers directly what we want.C.Follow a gift-giving process.D.Browse Amazon to buy it.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Reconsidering the StaycationI've always been doubtful of the staycation.The newly-invented word is too cute for__21___ feels like a comfort:While other people are off exploring the Blue Lagoon by camper van,you get to stay in your very own home and go to your usual supermarket__22__cookies!So,I am fascinated to discover,thanks to my colleague Catherine Pearson,that I__23__(understand)staycation in a wrong way.Evidently,my tendency__24__(take)a break without a plan is unlikely to produce a restorative effect.Instead,one should make good preparations for that period of time.Jaime Kurtz,a psychology professor at James Madison University and the author of"The Happy Traveler:Unpacking the Secrets of Better Vacations,”advises__25_(ask)oneself,“If I were moving away soon,what would I most want to do,and who would I most want to spend time with?"I like this saying"Live every day as if it were your last."Any reminder that time is flying is a good one___26___it gets you to live better.This weekend,you could,for instance,seek out some vegan ice cream___27__doesn't taste terrible.You could try running in a pool,which is easier on the joints but as effective as running on land.You could go for a walk or a drive while listening to "Slow Radio,"a very comforting BBC podcast__28__(feature)sounds of the natural world.Whether or not you have a proper vacation__29_(plan)for the coming weeks,you could envision any coming weekend as its own two-day mini-break,programming it as you would a trip to somewhere new,with a journey__30__(exciting)than just"sleep as much as possible"and"mow the lawn".Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.airflows.B.block.C.challenges.D.cool.E.criticallyF.disproportionatelyG.Principles.H.reducesI.sensitiveJ.site-specificK.stretchesSkywellA skywell,or“tian jin”,as it is commonly called,is a typicalfeature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China.Skywellswere designed to reduce temperature in buildings well beforeair-conditioning existed.When wind blows above a skywell house,itcan enter the indoor space through the opening.Because outdoor airis often cooler than indoor air,the incoming wind travels down thewalls to the lower stories and creates__31__by replacing warmer indoor air,which rises and leaves through the opening.The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light,improveventilation(通风)and harvest rainwater.In Huizhou,a skywell issmall but tall,and the rooms around it__32_out sunlight on hot days,enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool.Meanwhile,hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.Architects are now looking towards the__33__behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy.One example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan.The18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle,which__34__from the fifth to the top floor.The elevators, toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel,which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and__35__the overall energy consumption.Ancient“green wisdom”such as skywells continue to inspire today's climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to__36_a building without the use of power.However,there are some_37_for bringing skywells into modern designs.The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting,ventilation and rain collection are well known,but applying these methods needs to be__38_.Because traditional skywells had different shapes,sizes and features,which were___39___dependent on their natural surroundings,adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be_40_to their project's context and situation,making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Turkey is not my thing,but one dish I cannot live without on Thanksgiving is my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes.I start___41___these potatoes,my annual time-release capsule of pure joy in early November.I'm pretty sure I've had them at every Thanksgiving since I was a kid,and bites often transport me back to different years and different dining rooms.How and why is it that certain foods give us so much__42___?And what can be said about the kinds of foods we consider most comforting?Science tells us that taste and nutritional content affect how foods make us feel,but certain foods are especially___43___satisfying for reasons that have little to do with their taste or nutritional content.Much of the happiness we get from our favorite foods comes from the memories they stimulate for us and the people we're with while we__44___them.Past and present__45__shape the foods we find comfortingOften,we love food because we have___46___memories associated with it.My mom's mashed potatoes(土豆泥)remind me of holiday joy and past reunions with extended family.We are also drawn to foods we were given early in life by people who cared for us,which can help explain our__47___love for chicken noodle soup,which many parents feed their sick children to make them feel better.The smell of food can__48_powerful memories,too.The part of the brain responsible for processing smell directly connects to the amygdala,a brain region that processes emotions,and the hippocampus,which handles memory.And our memory for smells is__49_and precise, especially when it comes to smell we were first exposed to in childhood.That's why you might catch the smell of pumpkin pie baking in the oven and be transported back to the first time you baked it with your grandmother.These___50___can go the other way,too.Sometimes you might feel___51___when you eat foods that remind you of loved ones you miss.We may also___52___foods that we associate with bad experiences.In addition to past memories,the_53__in which we eat foods shapes how much we enjoy them in the moment,and our gustatory(味觉的)experiences can be_54_by a sense of community,a sense of warmth and enjoying it together.I____55____my mom's Snowy Mashed Potatoes that much more today because I got to eat them with my husband and two children,the three people I love most in the world.41.A.cutting down on B.looking forward to C.making for D.putting away42.A.perspective B.pleasure C.space D.transition43.A.emotionally B.financially C.physically D.visually44.A.enjoy B.memorize C.order D.recallpany B.menus C.outlook D.recipes46.A.cultural B.fond C.photographic D.shared47.A.collective B.creative C.lost D.parental48.A.awake B.correct C.preserve D.record49.A.bitter-sweet B.fresh C.long-lasting D.selective50.A.associations B.experiences C.foods D.memories51.A.alert B.amazed C.disappointed D.sad52.A.avoid B.consume C.store D.swallow53.A.area B.background C.context D.emotion54.A.enhanced B.offered C.reflected D.weakened55.A.adapted B.appreciated C.copied D.digestedSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman,who together identified a slight chemical change to messenger RNA,were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine this year.Dr.Karikó,the13l woman to win the prize,had come to the United States from Hungary two decades earlier when her research program there ran out of money.She was preoccupied by mRNA,which provides instructions to cells to make proteins.Defying the decades-old belief that mRNA was clinically unusable,she hold the view that it would stimulate medical innovations.She and Dr.Weissman had their first chance mecting over a copy machine at the University of Pennsylvania in1998.At the time,Dr.Weissman was desperate for new approaches to a vaccine(疫苗)against H.IV.,which had long proved impossible to defend against.A physician who had tried and failed for years to develop a treatment for AIDS,he wondered if he and Dr. Kariko could team up to make an H.I.V.vaccine.For years,they were at a loss.Mice vaccinated with mRNA became inactive.Countless experiments failed.They wandered down one dead end after another.But eventually,the scientists discovered that cells protect their own mRNA with a specific chemical modification(修饰).So they tried making the same change to mRNA manufactured in the lab before vaccinating it into cells.It worked.At first,other scientists were largely uninterested in taking up that new approach to vaccination.But two biotech companies soon took notice:Moderna,in the United States,and BioNTech,in Germany.Then the coronavirus emerged.Almost instantly,Drs.Kariko and Weissman's work came together with several factors of different research to put vaccine makers ahead of the game in developing shot.Brian Ferguson,an immunologist at the University of Cambridge,said.“The work of Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman in the years prior to2020prevented tens of millions of deaths and helped the world recover from the worst pandemic in a century.They richly deserve this recognition."56.The underlined word"defying”(paragraph2)is closest in meaning to"_________.A.challengingB.confirmingC.re-emphasizingD.stating57.Which of the following statements is TRUE about Dr.Kariko and Dr.Weissman's research?A.They teamed up for the treatment for AIDS in Hungary.B.They protected their mRNA with a chemical modification.C.They persevered until they made a change to lab-made mRNA,D,They manufactured mRNA in mice despite their countless failures.58.According to Brian Ferguson,Dr.Kariko and Dr.Weissman deserve the recognition becauseA.they took no notice of others'ignoranceB.they caught attention of two biotech companiesC.their work helped avoid the loss of countless livesD.their work prevented the outbreak of the pandemic59.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Chemical Changes Identified in the PandemicB.Approaches Adopted to Defend Against H.I.VC.Nobel Prize Awarded to Covid Vaccine PioneersD.mRNA Manufactured in a University Lab in USA(B)IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDSThe rice cooker can be used by children aged from8years and above and persons with reduced physical,sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if they have been supervised/instructed and understand the bazards involved.Children shall not play with the appliance.Cleaning and user care shall not be done by children unless they are older than8and supervised.Keep the appliance and wire out of reach of children under8years.If the wire is damaged,it must be replaced by the manufacturer,its service agent,or someone similarly qualified,to avoid hazard.SERVICEThe product isn't user-serviceable.If it's not working,read the instructions,check the plug fuse(保险丝)and main fuse.If it's still not working,consult your retailer(零售商).If that doesn't solve the problem-ring Customer Service-they may be able to offer technical advice.If they advise you to return the product to us,pack it carefully,include a note with your name, address,day phone number,and what's wrong.If under guarantee,say where and when purchased, and include proof of purchase.Send it to:Customer ServiceSpectrum Brands(UK)LtdFir Street,Failsworth,Manchester M35OHSPlease note:If you have purchased the product within the last6months,please contact the retailer first to deal with any matters relating to guarantee.GUARANTEEFaults affecting product functionality appearing within the guarantee period will be corrected by replacement or repair at our option provided the product is used and maintained in accordancewith the instructions.Your legal rights are not affected.Guarantee period=2years from first retail purchase.To claim an extra1-year guarantee,register your product online within28days of purchase.Consumables are guaranteed only for their recommended lifecycle.Replacements are excluded and are only covered by a1-year guarantee.60.What can9-year-olds do with the rice cooker?A.They can clean or repair it alone.B.They can use it with proper instruction.C.They can play with it as long as it is not in use.D.They can supervise their younger brothers who use it.61.Jennifer bought a rice cooker10months ago and now there is something wrong with it,what can she do?A.Call her retailer to extend the guarantee period.B.Self-check the appliance before asking for help.D.Return the cooker with contact&purchasing information without the recipe.62.You can replace a faulty rice cooker in the third year from your purchase ifA.it has been repaired by your retailer or a service agentB.the product functionality hasn't been affected seriouslyC.you have registered the cooker online as soon as you buy itD.its consumables are guaranteed for their recommended lifecycle(C)①A group of41states and the District of Columbia began a legal case against Meta,the parent company of Facebook,Instagram,WhatsApp and Messenger,insisting that the company knowingly used features on its platforms to cause children to overuse them.The accusations in the lawsuit raise a deeper question about behavior:Are young people becoming addicted to social media and the internet?Here's what the research has found.②David Greenfield,a psychologist and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction in West Hartford,Conn.,said the devices tempt users with some powerful approaches. One is“intermittent reinforcement,"which creates the idea that a user could get a reward at any time.But when the reward comes is unpredictable.Adults are easily influenced,he noted,but young pcople are particularly at risk,because the brain regions that are involved in resisting temptation and reward are not nearly as developed in children and teenagers as in adults. Moreover,the adolescent brain is especially accustomed to social connections,and“social media is all a perfect opportunity to connect with other people.”③For many years,the scientific community typically defined addiction in relation to substances, such as drugs,and not behaviors,such as gambling or internet use.That has gradually changed.In 2013,the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,the official reference for mental health conditions,introduced the idea of internet gaming addiction.④A subsequent study explored broadening the definition to"internet addiction."The author suggested further exploring diagnostic criteria and the language,for instance,noting that terms like“problematic use”and even the word"internet"were open to broad interpretation,given the many forms the information and its delivery can take.⑤Dr.Michael Rich,the director of the Digital Wellness Lab at Boston Children's Hospital,said he discouraged the use of the word"addiction"because the internet,if used effectively and with limits,was not merely useful but also essential to everyday life.⑥Greenfield agreed that there clearly are valuable uses for the internet and that the definition of how much is too much can vary.But he said there also were obvious cases where immoderate use disturbs school,sleep and other vital aspects of a healthy life.Too many young consumers"can't put it down,"he said."The internet,including social media like Meta,are the drugs affecting the mind.”63.What was Meta accused of?A.It added problematic features to its platform.B.It started a discussion to mislead young people.C.It tempted children to use social media too much.D.It conducted illegal research on its parent company.64.According to David Greenfield,users tend to be addicted to social media and the internet due to_______.A.their under-developed brainB.the random pattern of rewardsC.their desire to be socially connectedD.the possibility of escaping from reality65.What can be concluded about the study introduced in Paragraph4?A.Addiction is something about behaviors instead of substances.B.The online language can be interpreted from a broad perspective.C.Current diagnostic criteria of"internet addiction”isn't satisfactory.D.There should be an agreement on the definition of the word"internet".66.Dr.Michael Rich and David Grecnfield both agree thatA.proper use of the internet does good to childrenB.the internet is to blame for disturbing healthy lifeC.there are cases against immoderate use of the internetD.the word"addiction"is improperly used on the internetSection CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Do I even want them?On whose clock?B.Why should you challenge that secret timeline of milestones in your head?C.This time,quitting her job led to her first album,television appearances and sold-out shows.D.Instead of feeling pressure to hit life events on someone else's timeline,maybe it's fine to make our own.E.People are feeling like they're falling behind,when in fact they're probably doing exactly what they should.F.She spent years feeling like an outsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in school and work figuring she'd never catch up.Defining Success on Your Own Terms“You go to college right out of high school.That's the rule,right?”says Nikki Ivey,a sales trainer and consultant outside Jacksonville,Fla.However,it's not the case for her.Actually,she got her undergraduate degree at28.________67________One by one,she missed the milestones she'd envisioned in some imaginary dream life: earning six figures by30,buying a house by35.Then she hit one—attaining a high-level executive position in a company.She didn't love the job.She did love sitting around the dinner table laughing with her kids."________68________"she asked herself.She ended up leaving the job,and started to wonder about all those milestones.Danielle Ponder had a career as a lawyer before dedicating herself to singing full time. Working as a public defender in Rochester,N.Y.,Danielle Ponder would frequently Google, "Did anyone make it after the age of35?”At one point,she quit her day job,only to return a year and a half later,due to the pandemic and disappointing bookings.On the last day of2021,five days before her40birthday,she tried again._________69________“I don't know if I could survive this happening to me at19,"she says.She thinks her insecure teen self wouldn'thave handled the stress of the public eye well.It can be hard to make a transition later in life._______70_______IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Why companies are hiring'prompt engineers?With the new generative AI tools,like ChatGPT,anyone can put in a prompt—type in a fewwords and get a result.But that doesn't mean that the results will be relevant or accurate.The key is putting in the right prompt.That's why some businesses are now hiring prompt engineers-people with the skills,background and practice to talk to so-called large-language Al systems effectively-and why many people expect prompt engineering to be a desirable skill for many kinds of workers to add to their resumés.In general,the more detailed the request,the closer the response will come to what the user is looking for.But the most effective prompt engineering goes beyond adding detail.For one thing,adding the right detail to get the best response is crucial.Also,there are many ways to guide how an AI system presents the information it finds,depending on the goal—telling it to write in a certain style or for a certain audience,for instance.Each tool also has particular capabilities and limitations that users can learn to tackle.And the best results often come from an extended conversation with the Al,reacting to what it produces and asking for refinements.Even for people applying to jobs that don't clearly mention prompt engineering,having this skill could become essential for all sorts of roles.Art directors could use generative AI to outline ideas,and marketers could use it to develop new slogans.Software engineers could use it to find problems with their wyers could use it to research a piece of law.This is going to be a foundational skill that all of us need to know.The through line is when you learn a new skill,you can take it in any direction you like.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.参观这家博物馆能带你回到20世纪30年代。
2023届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试卷及答案
2023届上海市黄浦区高三一模英语试卷第I卷(共100分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a coffee shop.B. On a farm.C. In a furniture store.D. In a theatre.2. A. Cleaning a house.B. Finding things in the house.C. Living a simple life.D. Doing housework efficiently.3. A. Calming the woman down.B. Playing bridge.C. Reading a book.D. Reflecting on himself.4. A. The man recommends people to speak the same language.B. The woman thinks it unnecessary to save dying languages.C. The woman admires those devoted to preserving dying languages.D. The man appeals for more action to be taken to protect dying languages.5. A. He has realized his own problem.B. The woman is sure to get a second job.C. He disagrees with the woman 's comments.D. The woman should care more about money.6. A. She has many friends to text.B. She can't focus her mind on study.C. She can't make long speeches.D. She has many classes to attend.7. A. Enjoy her college life.B. Put off hard assignments.C. Set a post-college goal.D. Ease academic pressure.8. A. It makes no sense.B. It needs training.C. It can't solve her problem.D. It is worth trying.9. A. She is a music lover.B. She is good at asking questions.C. She prefers art to sports.D. She knows Brazilians well.10. A. The specials are the man's best choice.B. She is fully confident of the quality-steak.C. Her house is a suitable place for having steak.D. The man should find by himself the nicest wine.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.11. A. Cars.B. Computers.C. Dollars.D. Services.12. A. It's the real money paid to purchase items.B. Each Time Dollar records the value of trading stuff.C. Different music lessons equal different Time Dollars.D. It represents the service time you exchange with others.13. A. To provide him with a part-time job.B. To ensure him that he can serve others.C. To guarantee him that he can make a living.D. To demonstrate to him how barter is kept on.14. A. To apply for membership.B. To sign up for walking.C. To use the free pass.D. To check the time for barter.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.15. A. Have a whole idea of the character's look.B. Examine the actor's or the actress' face and body.C. Try various colors on actors' or actresses' hair.D. Get a clear picture of the character's skin tone.16. A. A film with a magic ending.B. A film stimulating her creativity.C. A film reflecting her delicacy.D. A film with several celebrities.17. A. They both lead the fashion.B. They both emphasize details.C. They both tell good stories.D. They both require harmony.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. The ability to recall.B. The invention of camera.C. The chance of revisitingD. The application of wi-fi.19. A. To send us to sleep.B. To develop technology.C. To refresh our memory.D. To offer us comfort.20. A. Digital camera.B. Fantastic daydream.C. Memory journey.D. Virtual reality.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How Reading Saved MeDuring my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as 21______ person. It wasn't until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential.Through my journey in college, I became engaged in reading and writing, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the environments I 22______ (trap) in. I became good at using concepts and terms in conversations that were previously far over my head. More importantly, I eventually better understood 23______ I had used violence to solve my problems.Throughout the country, prison officials have rejected or tried every means 24______ (ban) books about biology, sketching, dragons and even the moon. 25______ (claim) such bans are necessary for the safety and security of prisons seems stupid. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison 26______ (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person一someone who can live in society by adding to it, as opposed 27______ taking from it.Without college and without access to books and materials 28______ expanded my mind beyond the towering concrete walls, I might still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by violence and harm. That's not who I want to be 29______ I leave this prison. It's not who I want to see 30______ (send) back into society.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.One MedicalOn Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition(收购) under Mr. Jassy's occupation as CEO, spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon's health care ambitions. As the company has 31_______ from one business to another一including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes 一it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful 32_______.Health care has been 33_______ to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of 34_______ approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need 35_______,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the 36_______ of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.Amazon wants to be the “front door" through which customers 37_______ health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as 38_______ appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values 39_______: data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years' worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generallyprotected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has 40_______ Amazon's success can be powerful in health care一for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Colleges today often operate as machines for putting too many opportunities before already advantaged people. Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step. But it does not give them adequate 41_______ in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing. Many institutions today have 42_______ that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use 43_______ to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.We spent many years teaching on a college campus, trying to help students struggling with their confusion. Eventually, we sought to address this problem 44_______ by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing. The course begins with Plato's “Gorgias" - a messy dialogue that turns on a(n) 45_______ over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life. The dialogue ends 46_______; no one is satisfied. But with remarkable regularity, it 47_______ the kind of thinking that students need to better understand the choices that shape their lives.Students' first reaction to the “Gorgias" is disbelief, sometimes even horror. It is the dialogue's 48_______ that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good. Everything in their education has led them to believe that such arguments cannot bear fruit.Most students are 49_______ to discover this art of choosing. Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one's voice can be made to sing. Why, then, do institutions 50_______ teach it? In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to 51_______ specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more 52_______ guide to happiness than the mind.Colleges should self-consciously prioritize initiating students into a culture of 53_______reflection on how to live. Doing so will hold them 54_______ performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to 55_______ about the ends they pursue.41. A. assistance B. protection C. recognition D. treatment42. A. forgotten B. promised C. repeated D. responded43. A. determination B. imagination C. memory D. reason44. A. controversially B. effortlessly C. resistantly D. systematically45. A. argument B. lecture C. performance D. session46. A. automatically B. inconclusively C. indirectly D. unnecessarily47. A. abuses B. awakens C. demonstrates D. echoes48. A. assumption B. pattern C. progress D. variation49. A. grateful B. quick C. reluctant D. shocked50. A. commonly B. effectively C. rarely D. strictly51. A. direct B. emphasize C. review D. sponsor52. A. detailed B. formal C. qualified D. reliable53. A. logical B. moral C. spiritual D. theoretical54. A. eager for B. patient with C. responsible for D. skilled at55. A. complain B. experiment C. question D. reflect Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Julia Whelan climbed into the recording room in her home office. In preparation, she had avoided alcohol the night before, had avoided milk since waking at 6 a.m. and had run through the warm-up voice exercises.Whelan, 38, is the calm, confident female voice behind more than 400 other audiobooks, as well as the narrated versions (叙事版本) of many articles. Once she has taken on a project,she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words. “Narrating a book really is a performance," she said, “and it can be harder to do than acting, because I can't use my eyes or facial expressions to convey something to the audience."As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. Just before the pandemic, she began “Thank You for Listening," combining her writing with the experiences she has collected as a narrator.Writers say that Whelan has helped them understand their own work. “When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story," said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. “When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach." Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. "There is something about it that changes when you' re performing it," she said. “I r ead the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it's different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life."56. Before recording a book, Whelan ________.A. acts out its narrated versionB. builds up strength through exerciseC. determines the focus of its subjectD. varies its emphasized words57. The underlined phrase “subsuming herself in the writing of others" (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to ________ herself in the writing of others".A. dismissingB. involvingC. maintainingD. presenting58. How does narrating help Whelan do her own writing better?A. It enables her to think in readers' view.B. It inspires her to be absorbed in the story.C. It provides her with diverse life experiences.D. It reminds her to pursue her creative ambition.59. What can be concluded from Whelan's experience as a narrator and writer?A. Excellent narration is based on convincing stories.B. Narrating is a more rewarding ambition than writing.C. An influential writer is definitely a wonderful narrator.D. Experiences as a narrator can change the writing approach.(B)PRIVACY POLICYThe Bundaberg Privacy Policy explains how we collet, store and use your personally identifiable information. Our Privacy Policy will be continuously assessed against new technologies, business practices and our customers' changing needs. Accordingly, this Privacy Policy is subject to change over time without notification being made to users, and therefore we encourage you to periodically review this Privacy Policy to become aware of any changes that may have occurred.➢Collection of Personal InformationWe will collect personally identifiable information from you when you knowingly provide it to us. The types of personal information we may collect, includes, but is not limited to your full name, address, email address and phone number.In terms of your personal information, we only collect information about individuals that is necessary for us to carry on our business functions. What information we collect depends upon the nature of our dealing with you. Importantly, in some circumstances if you do not provide the information that we request, you may not be able to engage with us. For example, if you refuse to provide some personal information as may be requested on the Bundaberg website, you may not be able to use all features or services of the website.➢Use and Disclosure of Personal InformationWe may use your personal information for the following purposes:●Billing purposes;●To enable us to develop our products and business, or to customize services tobetter meet your needs and preferences;●Statistical purposes.We will contact you by electronic or other means to get your agreement first for any purpose other than those above, including but not limited to:●Future promotional and marketing purposes;●To inform you of special offers, promotions and competitions;●Any other customer support purposes.Your personal information may be used by sub-contractors of Bundaberg for our business activities only, however, your information will not be disclosed to any other third party without your agreement, unless required to do so by law.60. In order to be kept informed of the privacy information, you'd better _______.A. examine the Privacy Policy regularlyB. check the official notification weeklyC. express your changing needs privatelyD. evaluate the business practices critically61. Which of the statements is TRUE about Bundaberg 's collecting users' personal information?A. You have no knowledge of what personal information is collected.B. Your personal information can promote Bundaberg 's business functions.C. All the customers are required to prov ide identical personal information.D. You may not get some services without providing requested personal information.62. Bundaberg will use your personal information for the purpose of ________ without getting your agreement first.A. attracting new sub-contractorsB. advertising its servicesC. sending bills to youD. letting you know about special offers(C)In 2020, Open AI, a research lab in San Francisco, revealed a system called GPT-3. It is what artificial intelligence researchers call a neural(神经系统的) network, after the web of neurons in the human brain. A neural network is really a mathematical system that learns skillsby locating patterns in vast amounts of digital data. By analyzing thousands of cat photos, for instance, it can learn to recognize a cat. “We call it 'artificial intelligence, but a better name might be °finding statistical patterns from large data sets,"" said Dr. Gopnik, the Berkeley professor.More recently, researchers at places like Google and Open AI began building neural networks that learned from enormous amounts of prose, including digital books and Wikipedia articles by the thousands. GPT-3 is an example. As it analyzed all that digital text, it built what you might call a mathematical map of human language-more than 175 billion data points that describe how we piece words together. Using this map, it can perform many different tasks, like penning speeches, writing computer programs and having a conversation.But there are limitations. If you ask GPT-3 for 10 speeches in the voice of Mark Twain, it might give you five that sound remarkably like the famous writer一and five others that come nowhere close. Computer programmers use the technology to create small snippets(一小段) of code they can slip into larger programs, but more often than not they have to edit and adjust whatever it gives them.Still, Dr. Gopnik described this kind of system as intelligent. “It is not intelligent in the way humans are. It is like an unfamiliar form of intelligence," he said. “But it still counts.Dr. Gopnik and many others in the field are confident that they are on a path to building a machine that can do anything the human brain can do. This confidence shines through when they discuss current technologies. He admits that some AI. researchers “struggle to differentiate between reality and science fiction." But he believes these researchers still serve a valuable role. "They help us dream of the full range of the possible," he said.Perhaps they do. But for the rest of us, these dreams can get in the way of the issues that deserve our attention.63. Which of the following statements correctly describes GPT-3?A. It is meant to monitor human's neuron webs.B. It stores limitless data in its mathematical system.C. It can identify images and employ human language.D. It studies pictures and digital books to invent patterns.64. In paragraph 3, the example of computer programmers is used to ________.A. illustrate GPT-3 is far from perfectB. warm programmers against technologyC. show the process of slipping code into programD. explain why GPT-3 fails to find Mark Twain's speeches65. What does Dr. Gopnik think of the mathematical system of GPT-3?A. He finds it valuable because it maximizes the current technologies.B. He doubts its worth though it is remarkably similar to a human brain.C. He thinks highly of it because it plays a valuable role inA.1 research.D. He believes it will interrupt our thinking though it differs from science fiction.66. What's the author 's attitude towards A. I.?A. Enthusiastic.B. Opposed.C. Supportive.D. Unconcerned.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.How to show others you careThe idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown thatprosocial behavior - basically, voluntarily helping others - can help lower people's daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. 67_______“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell," said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind. "68_______ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.69_______ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group-Keeping Kindness for Hallie一that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie's honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients," said Ms. Oldham.If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It's not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice'. It's about: 70_______ And how can you tum that into an offering for other people?IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The risk of pre-schooling“Young children learning to read is one of the most important things primary education does. It's fundamental to children making progress in life," says Dominic Wyse, a professor of primary education a University College London, in the UK. “While learning literacy is vital to children, the way we teach it really matters.'In a 2022 report, he states that English school system's intense focus on phonics - a method that involves matching the sound of a spoken word or letter, with individual written letters, through a process called sounding out”- could be failing some children. A reason for this is that the tests used to assess that early learning may have little to do with the skills actually needed to read and enjoy books or other meaningful texts. For example, the tests may ask pupils to "sound out" and spell nonsense words, to prevent them from simplyguessing, or recognizing familiar words. Since nonsense words are not meaningful language, children may find the task difficult and puzzling. It doesn't end up being meaningful, it ends up being memorizing rather than understanding context.Children who attend intensive preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not attend such preschools, several studies now show. Early education can however have a positive impact on social development - which in turn feeds into the likelihood of graduation from school and university as well as being associated with lower crime rates. In short, attending preschool can have positive effects on later achievement in life, but not necessary on academic skills.Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run. A study published in January 2022 suggested that those who attended a preschool with a strong academic emphasis, showed lower academic achievements a few years later, compared to those who had not gained a place.第II卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这个问题至今已经困扰了我好几天。
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.目前，在网上购物的人越来越多，有人说在网上购物比在实体店购物优势多，有人说还是在实体店购物好。
请写一篇文章阐明你的观点。
你的文章必须包括：●简要介绍两种购物方式的不同之处●你喜欢那种购物方式？为什么？参考：Shopping online vs. shopping in physical storesAs scientific technologies developed faster and faster, our common lives have changed more and more, one of which is our shopping way.We have been shopping in physical stores, where a salesman may introduce many products to you and give you some advice about which one is the best choice, and you can try those clothes or shoes in person, even change another one if you find it not suitable to yourself.However, a new shopping method sprang up --- shopping online. There appear quantities of various stores on the Internet. You just need to click your mouse, and then you can see different kinds of commodities in them, with colorful pictures and detailed descriptions. If you are not clear about something, you can ask the customer service staff for help, who usually very kind and glad to answer your any question. Moreover, you can compare the same kind of products in different stores at the same time, which is able to save your time and avoid embarrassment.But every coin has two sides. Shopping online is not exceptional, so there are some disadvantages. First, you can never be sure whether the product is exactly what you see in the picture or read in the descriptions. What you receive may be much different from what is in your mind, for instance, strange color, wrong size or bad quality. Secondly, the products may be lost in the express delivery.From my perspective, I prefer shopping online, because I am too busy to have time go shopping in physical stores and goods online are usually cheaper. But I always choose the shops which have good reputation.【答案解析】文中包含题干的两个问题即可。
2015年上海长宁区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2015年上海长宁区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空1、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第1题AMany people underestimate the importance of writing skills. They think that as long asthey 1speak and understand the language, they know it. Truth is, we live in the age of internet and smart phones where most of the communication happens in writing. An ability to express ideas 2 a clear and literate way has become extremely necessary for work, study and every day life.Do you have trouble 3(express) yourself in written English? Don’t worry, even native speakers find it difficult. Here are some tips that will help you improve your English writing skills:1. Read as much as you can. It is the best way4(learn) sentence structures and build a vocabulary. We will share a writing for you to read on Facebook every week.2. Translate from your native language into English 5vice versa. However, if you write more, you should start thinking in English. You will know you have become fluent6 you no longer need to translate your thoughts.3. Use social media. By posting on Twitter or Facebook , you can get comments and feedback from your peers. It also helps overcome a fear of writing in public. You can always get yourwritings7(check) by reviewers at Daily Themes before you share it on other channels.4. Take an online course. There are a few very good free online courses on writing, English composition, and grammar on Cousera , Alison, edX, and Future Learn. You can take courses on these websites, and share your learning by writing on Daily Themes.5.Get a writing coach at Daily Themes . The fastest way to learn is to havesomeone, 8has already mastered the language, check your writings.Happy writing!2、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第2题BChildren have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee （裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worrythem1the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck,2their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage—the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start—is almost a game in itself. Grown-ups can hardly find children's game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at3their kids play such simple game again and again.4, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to5turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he6（catch）.It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine asituation7their control. Everyone knows the rules,and8（importantly）, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.二、选词填空3、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第3题A century ago, American political leaders judged public opinions by people's applause and the size of crowds at meeting. This direct exposure to the people's views didnot1produce accurate knowledge of public opinions. It did, however, give political leaders2 in their public support.Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas3each other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858, two years before they became presidential nominees (总统候选人). Their debates took place before4in cornfields and courthouse squares. A century later most presidential debates, although seen by millions, take place before a few reporters and the technicians in television studios. The public's response cannot be5firsthand. This distance between leaders and followers is one of the difficult problems of modern democracy. The media provide information to millions of people, but they are not yet so 6 at providing leaders with feedback from the public.Is government by acclamation (欢呼、欢迎) possible when the scale of communication is so large and impersonal? To make up for the 7in their ability to experience public opinions for themselves, leaders have turned to science, in particular the science of opinion polling (民意调查).It is no secret that politicians and public officials make8 use of public-opinion polls to help them decide whether to run for office, what policies to support, how to vote on importa nt issues and types of 9to make in their campaigns. President Lydon Johnson was famous for carrying the latest Gallup and Roper poll results in his pocket, and it is widely believed that he began to10 from politics because the polls reported losses in public support. All recent presidents and other major political figures have worked closely with polls.A. extensiveB. appealsC. debatedD. necessarilyE. audienceF. confidenceG. delicatelyH. efficientI. experiencedJ. withdrawK. decline三、完形填空4、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第4题Radio began as a point-to-point communication device. In 1919, Radio Corporation of American would charge a fee if you sent a message from one radio to another. Either the senders or the recipients pay the fee. The purpose was basically to undercut the telegraph, and they made theirmoney1, not by providing radio as a2but by selling hardware.In about 1922, radio3into a broadcast mechanism. For broadcasting, in the simple sense, there was a4and it broadcast, and lots of people could hear it. But broadcasting was seen as a way to drive business to the radio hardware makers. The stationswere5by people who made radios or6, by churches and universities that wanted to get their7out but weren't going to make money.And there was a lot of stuff which sounds very8today about how this medium was going to9. And in the 20s, Radio BroadcastMagazine10 a $500 prize for the best essay that answered the question: " Who is going to pay for broadcasting, and how?" The winner suggesteda11on radio listeners. Now, it sounds a little strange to us, but that's actually the British model. The BBC supports itself by a tax on TV and radio sets.There was some discussion about12, and Herbert Hoover, the Secretary of Commerce then, was strongly against this idea. He said it was13that we should allow so great a possibility for service14by advertising chatter. The Commerce Department was15radio at the time. After the creation of national radio networks then the pressure – advertisers wanted to go on with it, people who owned the radio network wanted to sell ads, and that's how radio developed as an advertising medium.A. brieflyB. naturallyC. basicallyD. eventuallyA. listenerB. serviceC. broadcasterD. applicantA. developedB. extendedC. madeD. droveA. magazineB. platformC. stopD. stationA. wantedB. madeC. sponsoredD. soldA. in some casesB. in returnC. on the contraryD. on the wholeA. wayB. messageC. profitD. opinionA. criticalB. persuasiveC. familiarD. greatA. communicateB. broadcastC. emergeD. surviveA. offeredB. wonC. missedD. abandonedA. rewardB. taxC. fineD. rentA. broadcastingB. advertisingC. chatteringD. modellingA. essentialB. inconvenientC. difficultD. unbelievableA. sentB. createdC. drownedD. suggestedA. regulatingB. producingC. providingD. developing四、阅读理解5、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模（A篇）第5题The day began early.An agreement had been made with the little boys the evening before. They were to be allowed to celebrate the Fourth of July, the glorious day, by the blowing of horns exactly at sunrise. But they were to blow them for precisely five minutes only, and no sound of the horns should be heard afterward till the family were downstairs. It was thought that a peace might thus be brought by a short, though crowded, period of noise.The morning came. Even before the morning, at half-past three o'clock, a terrible blast of the horns aroused the whole family.The number of the horns was most remarkable! It was as though every cow in the place had arisen and was blowing through both her own horns! "How many little boys are there? How many have we? " exclaimed Mr. Peterkin, going over their names one by one mechanically thingking he would do it, as he might count imaginary sheep jumping over a fence, to put himself to sleep. The counting could not put him to sleep now, in such a loud noise.And how unexpectedly long the five minutes seemed! Elizabeth Eliza was to take out her watch and give the signal for the end of the five minutes, and the ceasing of the horns. Why did not the signal come? Why didi not Elizabeth Eliza stop them?And certainly it was long before sunrise; there was no dawn to be seen! " We'll not try this plan again, " said Mrs. Peterkin. "If we live to another Fourth, " added Mr. Peterkin, hurrying to the door to inquire into the state of affairs.Alas! Amanda, by mistake, had waked up the little boys an hour too early. And by another mistake the little boys had invited three or four of their friends to spend the night with them. Mrs. Peterkin had given them permission to have the boys for the whole day, and they understood the day as be ginning when they went to bed the night before. This accounted for the number of horns.It would have been impossible to hear any explanation; but the five minutes were over, and the horns had ceased, and there remained only the noise of a singular leaping of feet, explained perhaps by a possible pillow-fight, that kept the family below partially awake until the bells and cannon made known thedrawning of the glorious day, the sunrise, or "the rising of the sons, " as Mr. Peterkin jokingly called it when they heard the little boys and their friends clattering down the stairs to begin the outside festivities.(1) According to the passage, which event happened first?A. Mr. Peterkin noted how many boys there were.B. The Peterkins were awakened by the boys.C. Elizabeth gave the signal to stop the horns.D. Mr. Peterkin exclaimed how many boys they had.(2) What did the 7th paragraph talk about?A. The palce where the boys blew their horns.B. The time when Elizabeth Eliza stopped them.C. The way how the boys blew their horns.D. The reason why more horns were over there.(3) The probable main idea of this passage is that.A. the little boys didn't carry out the agreement thoroughlyB. the little boys didn't see the signal to stop blowing their hornsC. the little boys blew horns to greet the dawn of July 4th so earlyD. the Peterkins enjoyed children's blowing of the horns on July 4th(4) Which question is not answered in the story?A. When did the horn blowing begin?B. How long ago did the custom start?C. Why did the boys blow the horns in the morning?D. How did the Peterkins feel about the horn blowing?6、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模（B篇）第6~9题Settling in to life at OxfordWhen you first arrive in Oxford, it may take a little while for you to find your way around. The university is a large organization that is fully integrated into the city and has been evolving for 800 years. Some of the first things our students do when they arrive include finding a bike（most students in Oxfordfind cycling is the best way to go around）, setting up a bank account, getting their computer and mobile phone working, finding their department, getting to know their college and working out the best places to socialize.One of the major events you will experience shortly after "coming up" to Oxford is matriculation. Matriculation is held at the University's Sheldonian Theatre and is the ceremony at which you are formally admitted to the university.International students are invited to an orientation day at the start of the academic year. Sessions run throughout the day that will give you practical information about living and studying in UK and introduce you to other graduate students from for all over the world who are starting their studies at Oxford at the same time as you, as well as to current Oxford graduate students and staff who will be able to help and advise you. The day covers topics such as studying and learning in the Oxford system, University services, information on living in Britain and culture differences, as well as addressing practical issues such as employment, immigration and visas, health and safety. You can choose which talks to attend and at the end of the day there is a social hour so you can meet fellow students.Another good thing to experience early on is college dining. Most colleges have a tradition of regular formal hall dinners, which consist of three or four courses, and the atmosphere of an evening out in a nice restaurant. On some of these occasions you can invite people around to your college for dinner and then they may TAL#NBSP return the favor. In this way, you can get to know people studying your own and other subjects at the same time as visiting many of the historical college grounds and dining halls.Further information on your first few weeks at Oxford is available via the Students Gateway on our website, and you can get first-hand accounts of what life at Oxford is like by watching videos of students talking about their experiences on our Wall of 100 Faces.(1) Which of the following is not the first thing for a newcomer to Oxford to do?A. to find a best place to socializeB. to set up a bank accountC. to go to the Sheldonian TheatreD. to get mobile phone working(2) When do students feel they are truly admitted to Oxford University?A. They arrived in Oxford and settled down on campus.B. They received the offer from the admission office.C. They met the staff and took some required courses.D. They experienced the matriculation in the university.(3) Which is an orientation important for international students?A. It is a good chance to ask the staff for help.B. It offers practical information about living and studying.C. It helps get students' computers hooked to the Internet.D. It can help deal with the problem of culture differences.(4) The phrase "return the favor" in the passage probably means.A. inviting you for dinnerB. visiting your historic college in returnC. sharing favorite videosD. providing you with some good advice7、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模（C篇）第7题2018~2019学年10月上海闵行区上海市七宝中学高一上学期月考（E篇）第87~90题8分When a big boat, like a cruise ship, goes through the ocean, it often creates waves. This happens when the large engines on the back of the cruise ship cause the water on the ocean's surface move up and down violently. These waves move out from the boat in both directions. If you are captaining a smaller boat,you'd bettersteer clear of a ship's wake, so that your boat is not surfing on the waves, causing it to overturn.A wave is a pattern of motion. When you look at a wave, it may appear as simply water moving across the surface of the ocean. In fact, this is false. The water is actually not moving in the same direction as the wave. While the wave itself -- the pattern of motion—is moving across the surface of the ocean, the water is actually moving in a circular motion, which brings the water molecules back to their original position. The water merely gives the appearance of moving forward.If this is confusing, think of the kind of wave you do at a baseball stadium. Viewed from a distance, the wave is clearly moving across the stadium. But the thing that makes up the wave—the people—are not moving across the stadium, they're just moving up and down in their seats. This is just like the water in an ocean wave. A lot of water is moving up and down, which gives water the appearance of moving along with the wave.Surfers pay a lot of attention to waves. If you're not in an area where the waves are suitable for surfing, then you can't surf. Usually, surfers gather in areas known for big waves—waves that rise high off the ocean's surface. If the wave is bigger, then the surfer is often able to surf for longer distances and perform more tricks. The height of a wave is known as its amplitude. If you could make a wave freeze, then youcould measure the wave's amplitude by running a tape measure from the ocean's surface to the very peak of the wave.All waves can be measured using amplitude and wavelength. While the waves created by a boat have very small amplitude—sometimes as small as a few centimeters—the wavelength can be very short, as lots of waves are being generated. By contrast, a tsunami has very high amplitude, sometimes more than 100 feet, but a relatively long wavelength, as it's a high wave.Waves generated in the same way can have great differences in amplitude and wavelength. For example, think back to the cruise ship. While each ship creates waves caused by the movement of the boat, the properties of each of the waves may be very different. For example, a larger cruise ship, with powerful engines, may create a wave that has high amplitude and a short wavelength. However, if the ship's engines slow down, they may then start creating less powerful waves at a slower rate. This would cause the waves' amplitude to decrease, but its wavelength to increase.(1) What does the phrase "steer clear of a cruise ship's wake" in the 1st paragraph mean?A. keep awake while steering a shipB. get a clear view of what is aheadC. keep away from the cruise shipD. follow the cruise ship very closely(2) The author gives an example of wave people do in the stadium in order to.A. illustrate how excited people are in a basketball stadiumB. clear the confusion over measuring the wave's amplitudeC. demonstrate how to make waves in a basketball stadiumD. explain why the water appears to move along the waves(3) The last paragraph gives us the impression that.A. the wave's amplitude may vary, but its wavelength remain the sameB. the move powerful the ships engines are, the higher the waves they generateC. the amplitude of a wave depends on the direction the water moves forwardD. measuring the amplitude and wavelength of waves is not quite easy(4) What is this passage mainly about?A. How waves are created and measured.B. What makes the sea water move forwards.C. Why people create waves in the stadium.D. How to steer a cruise ship in the rough sea.五、任务型阅读8、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第8题The paper is written in an attempt to discuss what the creative process is .Though much theory has accumulated, little is reall y known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by combing emotions, reason, and intuitions（直觉）. But what is the magical synthesis（合成） that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?John L. Lowes, in his justly famous "The Road to Xanadu"developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this interesting question. Imaginative creation. He concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. "there is….the deep well with its chaos（杂乱） of accidently mixing images, but there is likewise the vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form, and with the vision, the controlling will, which gives to that potential beauty actuality."The deep well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas, feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows, silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through will, captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel（与….相似）, to some extent, Lowes's theory of well, vision, form and will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.In a sense, the period of preparation is all of the writer's life. It is the deep well . It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reaches the conscious level of the writer's mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium—learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to note here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though not enough, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the vision, according to Lowes, that sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form.(1) John L. Lowes has provided an acceptable answer to the question of.(2) are the four elements of John L. Lowes' theory.(3) How does the preparation stage contribute to the development of a creative work?(4) According to the passage, what is the relationship between the idea and form?六、翻译9、【来源】 2015年上海长宁区高三一模第9题翻译(1) 均衡的膳食是保持健康的关键。
上海市各区2015-2016年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-老师版(已经校对)
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.John Nash, a Nobel Prize winner and mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film “A Beautiful Mind”, was killed in a car accident on Saturday. He was 86. The accident __41__ when the taxi Nash was traveling in ran into another car on the New Jersey Turnpike. Neither of the two drivers involved in the accident underwent life-__42__ injuries.At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page essay about the field of game theory, which led to __43__ in economics, international politics, and evolutionary biology. His signature solution found that competition among two opponents is not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance, each achieve their maximum __44__ through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. This simple understanding is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century, and a proof to his almost unique __45__ gifts.But in the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness and each therapy failed to cure him, and for much of the next three decades, Nash __46__ freely on the Princeton campus, scratching his hands on empty blackboards and staring blankly ahead in the library. Robert Wright remembers Nash as “some math genius that went crazy” who wore colorful shoes and quietly watched people. His mental illness removed him __47__ from his work. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years.But like a child cured of a terrible dream by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. Five years later, the __48__ of the film “A Beautiful Mind”, based on Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of thesame name, expanded Nash’s __49__ life story to an international audience. He continued to work, travel, and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.It’s tempting to wonder what Nash might have __50__, had mental illness not robbed him of so many productive years. “Because the ideas I had about super natural beings came to me the same way that my mathematical ideas did,” said Nash. “So I took them seriously.”Keys:41. D 42. I 43. B 44. F 45. C 46. A 47. K 48. H 49. E 50. JDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Chinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured （契约的）labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks, farm labourers and etc.Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands, plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.Due to labour __43__ in West Australia, the Colonial Government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898, most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese people came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia; about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, Northern Territory and Tasmania.When mining became less __47__, many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making, market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods, especially tea, silk, vegetables, herbs and other spices were highlysought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea, were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48__ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49__ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every year by __50__ of Lunar New Year.Keys:41-45 KGEBH 46-50 ACJIFDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SEATTLE—For the more than 10 million Americans with colorblindness, there’s never been a treatment, let alone a cure, for the condition that leaves them unable to distinguish certain colors.Now, for the first time, two University of Washington professors have teamed with a California biotech firm to develop what they say may be a ___41___: a single shot in the eye that can reveal the world in full color.Jay and Maureen Neitz, who have studied the vision disorder for years, have found a new way to deliver genes that can replace missing color-producing proteins in certain cells, called cones, in the eyes.The trouble will ___42___ when people are born without one or more of the three types of color-sensing proteins normally present in the cones of the retina（视网膜）. The most common type is red-green colorblindness, followed by blue-yellow colorblindness. A very small proportion of the population is ___43___ colorblind, seeing only shades of gray.Colorblindness is often a/an ___44___ disorder. It affects mostly men, who can inherit a mutation(变异) on the X chromosome（染色体）that weakens their perception of red and green. A much smaller part of cases are in women, who have two X chromosomes, which gives them a better chance of avoiding effects of any genetic imperfection.Most people think of colorblindness as a/an ___45___ or disability, mainly causing problems with unmatched shirts and socks. But the Neitzes say the condition can have profound impacts—limiting choices for education or careers, making driving dangerous, and forcing continual ___46___ to a world designed for color vision.“There are an awful lot of people who feel like their life is ___47___ because they don’t see color,” said Jay Neitz,61, a professor, who confirmed in 1989 that dogs are colorblind, too.People may not ___48___ as commercial pilots, for instance, if they’re colorblind. Other careers that can be ___49___ include those of chefs, decorators, electricians and house painters, all of which require detailed color vision.Undoubtedly, the Neitzes’ findings have brought great benefits to those who are born unable to distinguish between red and green. But that technique is ___50___, requiring surgery, so the Neitzes are looking for another way to do the job.Keys41. B 42. I 43. K 44. D 45. H 46. C 47. G 48. J 49. E 50. ADirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.When young people begin to live independently, home-hunting can involve some stress. But they would do well to remember that a new 41 is available—micro-homes.Fondly called “tiny houses,” these houses have all living necessities in a small package, including kitchen, bedroom and bathroom. Generally under 50 square meters, most tiny houses 42 just one or two people though some claim the space for more. What’s lost in size is not lost in design as these homes are often quite unique and modern in design.Besides an attractive appearance, tiny houses can also 43 unique practical features. Making the best of urban space, the 72-to 122-centimeter-wide Keret House in Warsaw, the world’s narrowest home, filled in an alley (小巷). The sample home Ecocapsule uses solar power, wind power and rainwater collection to enable its owner to live practically anywhere. A system of rails allows the DALE micro-home to 44 room size and number as well as adding the option of an open or 45 courtyard.As visually 46 as micro-homes are, there are a few disadvantages to consider before getting comfortable on a minicouch. Moving into a tiny house requires the 47 of most non-essentials, no matter the emotional connection to them. Guests will also mostly be out of the question as the limited space may even cause a(n) 48 individual to experience some cabin fever. And finally, a micro-home is likely a temporary living option for most people since they will probably start families and acquire more 49 .Though the limitation will scare some, there is usually a benefit. A small size results in a small price tag and small bills, making tiny houses easier to save up for and 50 . And though you won’t have much stuff around the house, this can provide the comfort of simple living and maintenance. Micro-homes are also practically mobile and claim eco-friendliness that can’t be matched by other homes. They probably aren’t f or everyone or forever, but when it comes to your next (or first) home, they could be just what you need.Keys:41-45 BACIF 46-50 JEKHDFive【20161徐汇区】Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. deliveryB. alternativeC. enormouslyD. floatingE. analyzedF. processG. determine H. visible I. messy J. disturbingly K. patternsEveryone knows that the Internet has changedhow business operate, governments function andpeople live. However, a new, less 41 technological trend is just as transformative: “big data.” Big data starts with the fact that there is a lot more information 42 around these days than ever before and it is being put to extraordinary new uses.Consider language translation, for example. When IBM first started to work on machine translation in the 1990s, it just fed a small number of high-quality translation into a computer and programmed it to infer which word in one language is the best 43 for another. Although this 44 revolutionized the task of translation, the result was far from being perfect. Then, in 2006, Google burst in. Instead of millions of pages of texts, the search giant 45 billions, from corporate websites to documents in every language from the European Union. The result is that its translations are much better than IBM’s were and it covers 65 languages. Large amounts of 46 data defeated small amounts of cleaner data.Another good example of how big data can be 47 helpful is online shopping. Using data collected from customer shopping habits, today, Amazon can 48 who is most likely to purchase what and when. Details such as your history and wish list help the company gain a glimpse (一瞥) into your interests. Goods will then be dispatched to a logistics center(物流中心) near you and get packed before you even order, meaning that when you do make an online purchase, same-day 49 would be possible.With big data, instead of trying to understand exactly why an engine breaks down or why a drug’s side effect disappears, researchers can instead collect and analyze massive quantities of information about such events and everything that is associated with them, looking for 50 that might help predict future occurrences.Big data answers not why but what. Finally, it will mark the moment when the “information society” finally fulfills the promise implied by its name.KEYS:41. H 42. D 43. B 44. F 45. E 46. I 47. C 48. G 49. A 50. KSection BDogs Used to Be More Like CatsResearchers studying fossils (化石) of the early ancestors of dogs that lived up to 40 million years ago believe the predators(捕食性动物) evolved as a direct consequence of climate change. The study claims the (41)______ transformed man’s best friend from a creature that behaved more like a cat, into the canine (犬) we know and love today.Ancestors of dogs living in North America 40 million years ago were ambush (伏击式) predators—in a(n) (42)______ way to cats’. But a million years later, the thick forest that once covered the continent began to give way to grasslands. This led to a(n) (43)______ in the body shape and hunting behavior of dogs, turning them into animals that no longer (44)______ their prey (猎物), but chased it down instead.This evolutionary transition was (45)______ by the scientists who examined the elbows and teeth of 32 species of dogs that lived between 40 million and two million years ago.“The elbow is a really good (46)______ of what carnivores (食肉动物) are doing with their forelimbs (前肢), which tells their entire (47)______ abilities,” said Brown University’s Christine Janis, who led the study.The research was based on an analysis of fossil specimens (标本) in the American Museum of Natural History in New York. It suggests dog evolution was directly related to climate change. After all, it was not (48)______ to operate as a pursuit-and-pounce predator until there was room to run.If predators evolved with climate change over the last 40 million years, the authors argue they may continue to (49)______ in response to the present globalwarming trend. In this way, the results of the study could help (50)______ how animals may look in the future.KEYS41-45 CIGKF 46-50 ADJEBSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. purchasesB. agriculturalC. narrowD. pouringE. deliveredF. coincideG. dedicatedH. calculatingI. en thusiastsJ. salesK. prioritiesAlibaba Group Holding Ltd said on Thursday that it will create another online shopping event in the next two months to tap further into rural consumption.The e-commerce giant, which generated a gross merchandise volume of 91.2 billion yuan ($14.3 billion) in the 24-hour sales event on Wednesday, said it will hold a similar festival to __41__ with the upcoming Spring Festival in February.Zhang Yong, chief executive officer of Alibaba, said like urban residents, many rural consumers have also become online shopping __42__. "The soon-to-be-launched shopping event will better serve rural consumers and bring more __43__ products to the dining tables of urban consumers," he said.The Hangzhou-based firm said the Spring Festival event will be launched by its customer-to-customer site Taobao and its Rural Taobao business unit, which is __44__ to online shoppers in rural areas.Sun Lijun, vice-president of Alibaba who is in charge of Rural Taobao, said the Spring Festival shopping gala will help __45__ the gap between urban and rural consumers."We want villagers to celebrate Lunar Chinese New Year with seafood from New Zealand and wine from France. That said, we also want urban residents to enjoy high-quality fresh produce __46__ directly to their doorsteps," he said.Alibaba has mad e globalization and going-rural its top __47__ for further development. Last year, it said it will invest 10 billion yuan over the next three to five year s to provide e-commerce services in about 100,000 villages.Rural shoppers proved their buying power by __48__ more than 10 million yuanin the first eight minutes of the Nov 11 online shopping festival. People in 8,000 villages participated in the 24-hour __49__ on Wednesday. The most expensive order of the day was an order for a Porsche at about 500,000 yuan.Alibaba didn't disclose the specific __50__ made by rural shoppers, but said that items such as TV sets, air conditioners, shampoos and oil were very popular in villages.…KEYS:41-50FIBGC EKDJADirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are familiar with pop culture, but what is peep culture? In pop culture, we turn on the TV and watch our favouritecelebrities __41__ us with their performances. In peep cult ure, we turn on the computer, we move through people’s lives on reality TV, blogs, Face book and You Tube. Instead of getting our entertainment from scripted performances, we get our entertainment from peeping into other people’s lives. It can be friends a nd family. But it’s just likely to be people we have never met from around the world.Suddenly, we spend all of our time __42__ other people. And we also invite them to watch us! People __43__ themselves to get attention and to feel like they are part of a community. In peep culture, ordinary people are turned into celebrities.This has never happened before, turning the spotlight on __44__regular people. There aren’t secrets anymore. The notion of private life has changed.As society has become __45__ fast-paced, most of us are really unaware of these changes in our lives. We are moving into a time when our __46__ personality is going to be more important than our actual physical __47__. What we have online is going to be more important than what we do offline. We are now socially judged by our virtual profiles.In the age of “ peep culture, ” a tell-all, show-all, know-all digital phenomenon is __48__ changing notions of privacy, individuality, security, and even humanity. Susan Boyle became a(n) __49__ celebrity because of peep culture. The entire world was staring at her after her __50__ from a resident of a small Scottish town to a global celebrity. We like the story because she’s like a movie,but she’s real.Keys:41-45 CHGKD 46-50 JFBEIDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As further proof that you can now 3D-print anything, a company called Natural Machines has introduced a 3D printer for food.The “Foodini”, as it’s called, isn’t too different from a regular 3D printer, but instead of printing with plastics, it prints eatable ingredients 41 out of steel capsules(容器): “It’s the same technology,” says Lynette Kucsma, co-founder of Natural Mac hines, “but with plastics there’s just one42 point, while with food it has different temperatures and consistencies (粘稠度). Also, 43works a little bit against us, as food doesn’t hold the shape as well as plastic.”At the Web Summit technology conference in Dublin, the Barcelona-based startup is showing off the machine, which it says is the only one of its kind capable of printing a wide range of dishes.“In fact, this is a mini food manufacturing plant 44 down to the size of an oven,” Kucsma s aid, pointing out that at least in the initial stage the printer will be 45 mostly at professional kitchen users, with a consumer version to follow.In principle, the Foodini sounds like the final 46 aid: press a button to print your food. But Natu ral Machines is quick to point out that it’s designed to take care only of the difficult and 47parts of food preparation that discourage people from cooking at home, and that it promotes healthy eating by requiring fresh ingredients prepared before printing.Nevertheless, the company is working with major food manufacturers to createpre-packaged plastic capsules that can just be loaded into the machine to make food, even though they assure these will be free of preservatives, with a shelf life 48 to five days.The printing process is slow, but faster than regular 3D printing. Other than being capable of creating complex designs, the Foodini can be useful for recipes that require accuracy and skillfulness, like homemade pizza or filled pasta.Currently, the device only prints the food, which must be then cooked as usual. But a(n) 49model will also cook the preparation and produce it ready to eat.The idea also comes with a social 50 too. “There’s a touchscreen on the front that connects to a recipe site in the cloud, so it’s an internet-of-things, connected kitchen appliance,” said Kucsma. Users will also be able to control the device remotely using a smartphone, and share their recipes with the community.Keys:41-45 DGEAI 46-50 BKCJHDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or a(n) __41__ relationship. The effect was first __42__ in 1858by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effects __43__ for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can __44__ to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a div orced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same __45__ problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.So how does it work? The effects are, __46__ affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of __47__ later in life. People in supportive relationships may __48__ stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.A life partner, children and good friends are all __49__ if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being __50__ out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”KEYS:41-50: EJFDK BCIHGDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny temper were less likely to fall ill.The findings were built on evidence that a "positive emotional style" can help to ___41___the common cold and other illnesses.Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness ___42___ immune function and subjective as in happy people being less disturbed by a ___43___ throat or running nose."People with a positive emotional style may have active immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr. Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may ___44___ their illness as being less severe."Based on the previous study results, Cohen and his colleagues have been ___45___certain that pleasant people are, for most cases, less likely to catch a cold, but some questions rema ined as to whether a person’s___46___itself brings about the effect.For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality tendency, self-___47___ health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and opposed had a negative style.The researchers gave them nasal(鼻子的) drops ___48___ either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, or other symptoms they experienced, while the researchers collected ___49___,like daily mucus(唾液) production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective analysis of nose___50___, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.Keys:41-45 HGADI 46-50 KEBFCSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You never see him, but they’re with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you’re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is(承受) almost any 42 makes them seem like something out of a magic book. They’re known as the black box.When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comorosfive days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would45 basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. 46 flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the box was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane—the area least affected by impact—from its 47 position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never 48black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which is designed tofuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand huge 50 and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When in deep water, they’re also able to send signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but stat istics say they’re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane’s black boxes were never recovered.Keys:41---50: D J G A H C F E I BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s nothing that will ruin your day faster than being stuck in a traffic jam all morning, and it’s even worse when there’s (41) ________ no reason for it. There’s a lot of interesting science behind traffic, though, and while understanding it might not make sitting in it any better, it can teach you how to avoid some of the mistakes we all make behind the wheel.1. The way we merge (合并) causes problemsWhether you’re merging from the left or the right, (42) ________ are good that you’re doing it wrong and causing all sorts of problems. When most people see that they need to merge, their first (43) ________ is to do it right away. They brake, slow down, speed up, and change lanes in between oncoming traffic. According to the Minnesota department of Transportation, that’s completely wrong. Sudden (44) ________ causes traffic to back up, a problem that’s made worse by sudden lane changes and other cars braking to (45) ________ the merging traffic.So what should you do? Exactly what you probably blame drivers for doing: waiting until the last minute. If you do that, traffic will fall into a more natural pattern called a “zipper merge”, meaning there are no surprises, no sudden braking, and a smoother transition from one lane to another, which cuts down on backups. This does, of course, rely on other drivers to let you in at the last minute and be polite enough not to cut you off, which causes all sorts of other problems.2. You are causing the traffic Jams you hate。
上海市普陀区2015届高三上学期期末考试(一模)英语试卷及答案
普陀区2014学年第一学期高三英语质量调研（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. Twins. B. Classmates. C. Friends. D. Colleagues.2. A. At a gas station. B. In a workshop.C. At an art gallery.D. In a department store.3. A. She’s written some books about classics.B. She’s learned a lo t from the literature class.C. She’s met some of the world’s best wr iters.D. She’s just returnedfrom a trip round the world.4. A. Ten years. B. Twenty years.C. Forty years.D. A hundred years.5. A. The woman followed the man’s advice.B. The woman wasgoing to have a haircut.C. The man didn’t care if the woman had her hair cut.D. The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut.6. A. She just read only part of the book.B. She was interested in reading novels.C. She seldom read books from cover to cover.D. She wasanxious to know what the book was about.7. A. Young people lose their jobs easily.B. Young people are too eager to succeed.C. Young people seldom stay long on the same job.D. Young people are too quick in making decisions.8. A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Doubtful. D. Thankful.9. A. Quit delivering flowers. B. Work at a restaurant.C. Bring her flowers every day.D. Leave his job to work for her.10. A. Tony could not continue the experiment.B. Tony finished the experiment last night.C. Tony thought the experiment was well done.D. Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.Section BPassagesDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She missed her grandfather greatly.B. She seldom talked with her mother.C. Her mother didn’t love her as much as her grandfather did.D. Her mother was the subject of talks with her grandfather.12.A. Co-workers cannot be your close friends.B. People will be pleased if you call them at 2:00 AM.C. You can't discuss your problems with a distant family.D. The one you can call at 2:00 AM is someone close to you in spirit.13.A. Parents should understand their kids.B. There are many ways to make friends.C. The earth is an inhabited garden if you have close friends.D. There is a difference between a lonely desert and an inhabited garden.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The prison gates are always open. B. Its prisoners can work outside.C. The prison has no armed guards.D. The prison is open to the public.15. A. It has no security measures.B. It is run on the principle of trusting prisoners.C. The prisoners are provided with jobs on release.D. Its prisoners are seldom made to work overtime.16. A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Critical. D.Neutral.Section CLonger ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Left HandednessWhat do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world’s population (25)______ be left-handed.Most people are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true (26)______ history. In 1977, scientists studied works of art made at various times starting with cave drawings from 15,000 B.C. and ending with paintings from the 1950s. Most of the people (27)______ (show) in these works of art are right-handed.Many researchers claim (28)______ (find)relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics. However, (29)______ of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet, no one really knows for sure. (30)______ ______ ______ reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. There are even a number of shops (31)______ (specialize) in selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed scissors, can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.In 1976, Left-Handers International, a group of left-handed people in Topeka, Kansas, in the United States, decided to start (32)______ annual event in order to clear up misunderstandings about left-handedness.(B)Motivating Students(33)______ ______ a young child might be nervous about starting school, he or she is often excited on the first day of school. Perhaps that excitement lasts through the first few years of school. But over time, many children are much (34) ______ (excited) about going to school because school becomes a place of “all work and no play.”As the years go by, students(35)______(pressure) to do more work and to do it better, make better test scores, and have a higher class rank. It is therefore not surprising that by middle school many students lose interest in school and learning.Teachers face a big challenge in such a situation. When they enter a classroom (36)______ ______ most of the students do not want to be there and do not want to study, how can they teach? Some teachers may be tempted to focus their energy on the handful of students in the classroom who show an interest in (37)______(learn). Other teachers have to reward “good”students and punishing “bad”students in the hope (38)______ this may somehow motivate all students to try harder.Through his own teaching experience, Dr. Richard Lavoie became interested in the problem of motivating students. He (39)______(wonder) what motivates some students to want to learn. In studying this question, Dr. Lavoie discovered that other people have done a lot of research into this question already. However, those people do not work in schools. The people who seemed to know the most about (40)______ motivates kids were researchers who work for companies that were advertising products such as toys and music for children.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.“Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,”Stephen Hawking says.Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most important scientists, believes that to __41__, humans must move into space.Today, the United States, India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest __42__: the moon. Each country wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will __43__prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should __44__ space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one, sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can eventually__45__ new human societies on other planets. In addition, the __46__ we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health can also benefit us here on Earth.But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a(n)__47__ idea. Many say it’s too expensive to send people, even on a short __48__. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also, for many early space __49__, life would be extremely difficult. Onthe moon’s surface, for example, the air and the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.Despite these __50__, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar(月球上的) cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she__51__ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is __52__ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to __53__ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. __54__, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhapsthe best way to __55__ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to __56__ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.Memory can be __57__ affected by a number of things. __58__ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent __59__ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it __60__ to register information in the brain.When people talk about memory, they often__61__ short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. __62__, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which __63__ information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough __64__. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not __65__ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.51. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs52. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient53. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out54. A. After all B.Instead C.By contrast D. Besides55. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease56. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen57. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly58. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various59. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage60. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient61. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down62. A. Furthermore B. However C.Consequently D. Otherwise63. A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores64. A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time65. A. restore B. record C. replace D. respondSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1991, high in the mountains of Europe, hikers made a discovery: a dead man partly frozen in the ice. However, the police investigation soon became a scientific one. Carbon dating indicated that the man died over 5,300 years ago. Today he is known as the Iceman and has been nicknamed “Ötzi” for the Ötztal Alps where he was found. Kept in perfect condition by the ice, he is the oldest complete human body on the earth.Scientists think he was an important person in his society. An examination of his teeth and skull tells us that he was not a young man.His arms were not the arms of a laborer. His dagger(匕首) was made of stone, but he carried a copper axe. This implies wealth, and he was probably from the upper classes.We know he could make fire, as a fire-starting kit was discovered with him. Even the food he had eaten enabled scientists to reason exactly where in Italy he lived.But why did the Iceman die in such a high and icy place? There have been many theories. Some said he was a lost shepherd. Others thought he was killed in a religious ceremony. Over the years since he was found, tiny scientific discoveries have led to great changes in our understanding of the story of the Iceman. The newest scientific information indicates that he was cruelly murdered. “Even five years ago, the story was that he fled up there and walked around in the snow and probably died of exposure,” said Klaus Oeggl, a scientist at the University of Innsbruck in Austria. “Now i t’s all changed. It’s more like a…crime scene.”In June 2001, an X-ray examination of the body showed a small dark shape beneath the Iceman’s left shoulder. It was the stone head of an arrow. It had caused a deadly injury that probably killed him very quickly. In 2003, an Australian scientist discovered the blood of four different people on the clothes of the Iceman. Did a bloody fight take place before his murder? Injuries on his hand and head indicate that this may be true. One theory, put forward by archeologist(考古学家) WalterLeitner, says that the Iceman’s murder was the end of a fight for power among his people. However, this idea is certainly debatable.66. What does “Ötzi”refer to ________.A. the oldest perfectly preserved human bodyB. the most famous tourist attractionÖtztal AlpsC. an important discovery by the police of EuropeD. the person living in Ötztal Alps for a long time67. After the examination of the Iceman, scientists believe that ________.A. he died at an early ageB. he made a fire-starting kitC. he had a higher social statusD. he was born at a village in Italy68. According to Klaus Oeggl, the Iceman died from________.A. a serious diseaseB. a snow disasterC. a religious faithD. a terrible murder69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The life of ancient people in the AlpsMountains.B. The cruel religious life of the Europeans in the past.C. The discovery andpossiblecause of death of the Iceman.D. The application of carbon dating technology to the Iceman.(B)Cambridge Schools Conference 2015 - book your place todayInspiring teachers, inspiring learners: How we prepare learners for a lifetime of learning.Dear ColleagueThe Cambridge Schools Conference is taking place in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 3-5 Jan 2015. Booking for the conference closes on 24December 2014, book now to secure your place.Feedback from schools that attended our recent conference in Cambridge includes:“Outstanding keynote presentation by Guy Claxton”Roland Ebiye-Koripamo, Cita International School“A Cambridge Conference shoots up the expectation level of the representativesand when it not just reaches that level but surpasses it with excellence, you define it as the Cambridge Schools Conference, 2015!”SeemaAnis, Al Waha International School, Jeddah“I have met so many interesting people. Having the opportunity to meet educators from all over the world is a unique experience.”Luciana Fernandez, ESSARP, ArgentinaThe conference brings together a community of teachers representing schools from many different countries and contexts, to consider approaches to common challenges. Our programme is designed to support professional learning by offering a range of perspectives on the conference theme. Discuss and debate these in our panel sessions (小组会议) and explore their implications in group discussions and workshops.We look forward to welcoming you to Colombo.Events TeamCambridge International ExaminationsFollow @CIE_Education for news and information about the conference. Use the hashtag#csconf15 to join the conversation.Forward to a friend|Unsubscribe© 2014 Cambridge International Examinations70. The theme of the Cambridge Schools Conference 2015 is about _________.A. lifelong learningB. teaching approachesC. common challengesD. inspiring teachers71. The letter is most probably for those who _________.A. are the members of CIEB. work in education institutesC. givefeedback to the conferenceD. can offer a range of perspectives72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The conference closes on 24December 2014.B. The conferenceis held in University of Cambridge.D. The conference encourages various views on lifelong learning.C. The conference provides the most effective approaches on lifelong learning.(C)Big trees are incredibly important ecologically. For a start, they provide food for countless other species and shelter for many animals. With their tall branches in the sun, they capture vast amounts of energy. This allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers that sustain much of the animal life in the forest.Only a small number of tree species have the genetic abilityto grow really big. The biggest are native to North America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics to the forests of the high latitudes(纬度). To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish its seedling, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate. Lose any of these, and you will lose your biggest trees.In some parts of the world, populations of big trees are dwindling because their seedlings cannot survive. In southern India, for instance, an aggressive non-native bush, Lantana camara, is invading the floor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often fail to take root.With no young trees to replace them, it is only a matter of time before most of the big trees disappear.Without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really bigand there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in a warmer world, particularly in environments that are already warm. Having worked for decades at La Selva Biological Station in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, David and Deborah Clark and colleagues have shown that tree growth there declines markedly in warmer years. “During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they consume more energy because their metabolic(新陈代谢的) ra te increases,” explains David Clark. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy available for growth.The Clarks’ theory, if correct, means tropical forests would shrink over time.The largest, oldest trees would progressively die off and tend not to be replaced. According to the Clarks, this might cause a destabilization of the climate; as older trees die, forests would release some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon emissions.Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere.73. According to the passage, big trees make great contributions to theecosystem because ________.A. they can capture large amounts of energyB. they determine the change of global climateC. they provide the essentials for many creaturesD. they can avoid a new cycle of further warming74. All the following factors are a must for making big trees EXCEPT ______.A. no deadly damageB. genetic contributionC. ideal environmentfor growthD. high-latitude location75. The word “dwindling” (paragraph3) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. explodingB. growingC. changingD. declining76. What is the best title of the passage?A. Big trees in trouble.B. Advantages of big trees.C. Results of big trees’ disappearing.D. Importanceof big trees to humans.77. What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?A. More threats to the existence of big tress.B. The effect of human activities on big trees.C. Benefits of big trees to the whole atmosphere.D. Comparison between common trees and big ones.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one.” That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which it’s good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate(拖延) when they are studying by themselves; however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small—four to five participants is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere that ... ,” the source-seeker should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Many universities encourage students to take advantage of ________ for better grades rather than learning alone.79. Peers are not only the best academic resources but also motivate each other to _________ when learning in groups.80. According to paragraph 3, besides the small size, what are the other two factors that could helpa study group work best?81. All the members in the study group will be assigned different roles because people believe that it will result in _______.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、孩子们总是对圣诞节的礼物充满好奇。
(2021年整理)2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word完整精校版)
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2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对,希望最大限度保证准确)考生注意：1。
考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1—12页）和第II卷(第13页）,全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷 (共103分)I。
Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。
The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。