2010年北京外国语大学翻译硕士法语(二外法语)部分真题及详解【圣才出品】
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2010年北京外国语大学翻译硕士法语（二外法语）部分真题及详解
Partie Ⅰ: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (35 points)
1. Cette robe te va bien. Elle est de la couleur de _____ yeux.
A. ton
B. tes
C. votre
D. vos
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这条裙子非常适合你，它的颜色和你眼睛的颜色一样。yeux是复数，而从
前文中te可看出，后文也需要用“你”来称呼。
2. Au _____ il fait souvent très froid à Harbin.
A. février
B. hiver
C. printemps
D. mois de janvier
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在哈尔滨，一月份非常冷。固定用法en février，en hiver，au printemps，
au mois de janvier，因此只能从C、D项选择。而通过逻辑判断可知是一月很冷而不是春
天很冷，因此D项正确。
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3. Mon passeport est valable _____ 31 novembre 2013.
A. jusqu’au
B. jusqu’à
C. jusqu’en
D. jusque
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我的护照在2013年11月30日前有效。日期前要加冠词le，而jusqu’à
是固定用法，“à”和“le”配合成“au”。
4. Il fait trop chaud, le climat est très humide, et en plus, _____.
A. la ville est magnifique
B. je suis en pleine forme
C. il y a des moustiques
D. on a l’air conditionné
【答案】C
【解析】句意：天气很热，空气很潮湿，更糟的是有蚊子。由题意可知，正确选项应该是糟
糕的东西，而A项“景色优美”、B项“精力充沛”、D项“有空调”都是好的条件，因此
不合题意。
5. L’examen aura lieu à la mi-mars, et _____ , vous saurez votre note.
A. après une semaine
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B. une semaine plus tard
C. dans une semaine
D. une semaine plus tôt
【答案】B
【解析】句意：在三月中旬会有考试，然后在一周之后，你们将会拿到成绩。après后面一
般加有实际意义的名词而不是时间，比如après une guerre，après une semaine de
travail，或者une semaine après；而dans指从现在开始到一周之后，不符合题意；plus
tôt是更早，不符合题意；plus tard有“比约定的时间更晚”的含义，因此是正确的。
6. La direction a demandé que tout le personne _____ présent à la réunion de cet
après-midi.
A. soit
B. serait
C. sera
D. allait être
【答案】A
【解析】句意：领导要求所有人员都必须出席下午的会议。demander que后面要接虚拟
式，表示“命令，要求”。
7. Elle a fait les soldes. Regardez les beaux pantalons qu’elle s’est _____!
A. acheté
B. achetée
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C. achetés
D. achetées
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她去购物了，看她买的裤子多漂亮呀！在直陈式复合过去时中，如果直接宾
语移动到助动词前，则助动词后的动词需要配合。pantalons是阳性复数，所以“acheté”
要配合成“achetés”。
8. Tu peux voyager avee nous _____ tes parents te le permettent.
A. car
B. au cas où
C. à moins que
D. à condition que
【答案】D
【解析】句意：只要你父母同意，你就能和我们一起旅游。car因为；au cas où意为“万
一”，后接条件式；à moins que意为“除非”，后接虚拟式，一般和否定句联用；à condition
que意为“只要”，后接虚拟式。由句意及动词变化可知，应选择à condition que。
9. Malheureusement, la soirée a été _____ à cause de la pluie de ces jours.
A. supprimée
B. annulée
C. arrêtée
D. pendue
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【答案】B
【解析】句意：不幸的是，由于这几天都下雨，晚会被取消了。supprimer废除、取缔，
arrêter停止，pendre悬挂，都不符合题意。
10. _____ sa famille n’est pas riche, il est bien économe.
A. Parce que
B. Car
C. Comme
D. Même si
【答案】C
【解析】句意：因为他家不是很富裕，所以他很节俭。parce que不能单独放在句首，除非
回答上文“pourquoi”之后的问题；car也不能单独放在句首；même si意为“即使”，不
符合题意，因此选择comme来解释原因，且可以放在句首。
11. _____ son travail, Jean est sorti avec ses copains.
A. Ayant fini
B. Finissant
C. En finissant
D. Fini
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在完成了工作之后，Jean和朋友们出去了。由题意可知，“工作完成”发生
在“出去”之前，因此选择ayant fini。
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12. Je vais maintenant poster les cartes _____ pour la nouvelle année.
A. d’identité
B. de vœux
C. de crédit
D. de débit
【答案】B
【解析】句意：新年快到了，我要寄贺年卡了。les cartes d’identité身份证明；les cartes
de crédit信用卡；les cartes de débit借记卡。由题意可知应选les cartes de voeux（祝
愿卡），在本文背景下含义为“贺年卡”。
13. Ma voiture est tombée en panne, vous pouvez me prêter la _____ ?
A. tienne
B. votre
C. vôtre
D. notre
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我的车坏了，您能把您的车借给我吗？由前文可知需用“您”称呼，并且冠
词后面应接主有代词，所以选择C项vôtre。
14. Il pleuvait le jour _____ nous sommes allés au Palais d’Été.
A. que
2010年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案
2010年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI真题及答案各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第3卷：百科写作一、单项选择（50分）01. 关于《左传》的解释，正确的是____。
A. 又称《春秋左氏传》B. 又称《左氏公羊传》C. 作者是孔子D. 记载齐国的历史02. 关于《楚辞》的解释，正确的是____。
A. 主要是战国时期中原一带的作品B. 屈原是唯一的作者C. 《离骚》是《楚辞》中的名篇D. 诗歌形式主要是四言体03. 关于“颜筋柳骨”的解释，正确的是____。
A. 形容宋代的绘画风格B. 形容宋代大画家颜真卿和柳公权的绘画风格C. 形容唐代大书法家颜真卿和柳宗元的书法风格D. 形容唐代大书法家颜真卿和柳公权的书法风格04. 关于“吴带当风”的解释，正确的是____。
A. 形容汉代画家吴道子的绘画风格B. 形容唐代画家吴道子的绘画风格C. 形容汉代书法家吴道子的书法风格D. 形容唐代画家吴昌硕的绘画风格05. 关于“鸳鸯蝴蝶派”的解释，正确的是____。
A. 代表作家有张恨水、徐枕亚B. 代表作家有冰心、周作人C. 艺术风格飘然出尘，代表隐士情怀D. 代表作家主要集中在山青水秀的小城镇06. 关于“创造社”的解释，正确的是____。
A. 主要作家有郭沫若、郁达夫、冰心B. 主要作家有周作人、田汉C. 成立于日本东京D. 成立于中国北京07. 关于“司马”姓来源的解释，正确的是____。
A. 来自动物B. 来自出生地C. 来自职官D. 来自祖先谥号08. 关于“佛教”的解释，正确的是____。
A. 佛教由释迦牟尼创立于尼泊尔B. 佛教由释迦牟尼创立于古印度C. 佛教与大乘、中乘、小乘之分D. “达赖”、“班禅”属于禅宗的称号09. 关于“魏晋南北朝”的解释，正确的是____。
A. 南朝是指宋齐梁隋四个朝代B. “晋朝”的皇族是司马氏C. 曹操建立了魏政权D. 北朝是汉族统治的政权10. 关于“石窟”的解释，正确的是____。
2010年北京外国语大学英语专业(基础英语)真题试卷.doc
2010年北京外国语大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：2，分数：24.00)Americans are living in an argument culture. There is a pervasive warlike atmosphere that makes us approach public dialogue, and just about anything we need to accomplish, as if it were a fight. Thinking of human interactions as battles is a metaphorical frame through which we learn to regard the world and the people in it. All language uses metaphors to express ideas; some metaphoric words and expressions are novel, made up for the occasion, but more are calcified in the language. They are simply the way we think it is natural to express ideas. We don"t think of them as metaphors. When someone says, "Don"t pussyfoot around; get to the point" , there is no explicit comparison to a cat, but the comparison is there nonetheless, implied in the word "pussyfoot". I doubt that individuals using the word "pussyfoot"think consciously of cats. More often than not, we use expressions without thinking about their metaphoric implications. But that doesn"t mean those implications are not influencing us. Americans talk about almost everything as if it were a war.A book about the history of linguistics is called The Linguistics Wars. A magazine article about claims that science is not completely objective is titled The Science Wars. One about competition among caterers is" Party Wars"—and on and on in a potentially endless list. Politics, of course, is a prime candidate . One of the innumerable possible examples, the headline of a story reporting that the Democratic National Convention nominated Bill Clinton to run for a second term declares, " DEMOCRATS SEND CLINTON INTO BATTLE FOR A 2D TERM. "But medicine is as frequent a candidate, as we talk about battling and conquering disease. Why does it matter that our public discourse is filled with military metaphors? Aren"t they just words? Why not talk about something that matters—like actions? Because words matter. When we think we are using language, language is using us. As linguist Dwight Bolinger put it(employing a military metaphor), language is like a loaded gun;It can be fired intentionally, but it can wound or kill just as surely when fired accidentally. The terms in which we talk about something shape the way we think about it—and even what we see. The power of words to shape perception has been proven by researchers in controlled experiments. Psychologists Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer, for example, found that the terms in which people are asked to recall something affect what they recall. The researchers showed subjects a film of two cars colliding, then asked how fast the cars were going; one week later, they asked whether there had been any broken glass. Some subjects were asked, " About how fast were the cars going when they bumped into each other?"Others were asked, "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?"Those who read the question with the verb "smashed "estimated that the cars were going faster. They were also more likely to"remember"having seen broken glass.(There wasn"t any.) This is how language works. It invisibly molds our way of thinking about people, actions, and the world around us. Military metaphors train us to think about—and see—everything in terms of fighting, conflict, and war. This perspective then limits our imaginations when we consider what we can do about situations we would like to understand or change. In the argument culture, war metaphors pervade our talk and shape our thinking. Nearly everything is framed as a battle or game in which winning or losing is the main concern. These all have their uses and place, but they are not the only way—and often not the best way—to understand and approach our world. Conflict and opposition are as necessary as cooperation and agreement, but the scale is off balance, with conflict and opposition over-weighted.（分数：12.00）(1).We know from Paragraph 2 that______.（分数：2.00）A.the word "pussyfoot" has no relation with catsB.metaphoric words are usually created for special occasionsC.pussyfootis a newly-coined wordD.metaphoric implications can be found in all languages(2).The underlined words "a prime candidate" in Paragraph 3 probably means______.（分数：2.00）A.an important person for electionB.the first person considered for a jobC.something most suitable for a particular purposeD.something more important than words(3).By saying "language is using us"(Paragraph 5), the writer means______.（分数：2.00）A.the terms we use shape our perception of the worlditary metaphors help linguists to express ideas more clearlynguage can hurt people unintentionallynguage empowers us to fight with each other(4).The experiment conducted by the two psychologists shows______.（分数：2.00）A.the choice of words can affect the way people see thingsB.it is of utmost importance to ask good questionsC.there is difference between "smash" and "bump into"D.the memory of an accident can only last for one week(5).We can learn from the text that, in the writer"s opinion, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the argument culture is good for American societyB.Americans place too much importance on conflict and oppositionC.war metaphors have a positive impact on people"s thinkingD.more research should be done on the argument culture(6).The best title for this passage is probably______.（分数：2.00）A.Metaphors in an Argument CultureB.We Are What We Speak; Living in an Argument CultureC.Words Do Matter; Metaphors in American Culturenguage and Culture DebateI recently became one of the last people in America to acquire a portable radio/headphone set. This delay was out of character—normally I ride the crest of every trend. But in this case I sensed a certain dangerous potential. So I put off the purchase for ages, feeling wary of such an inviting distraction. Too much headphone time, I worried, could easily impair my business performance, if not ruin my way of life completely. As it turns out, my concerns were right on target. The problem isn"t the expense, or the constant exposure to musical drivel, or even the endangerment of my hearing—and I do like to keep the volume set on "blast". No, the problem is more subtle and insidious. It"s simply that, once I was fully plugged in, things stopped occurring to me. I get excited about good ideas. Especially my own. I used to have lists of them in all my regular haunts . My office desk, kitchen, car and even my gym bag were littered with bits of paper. Ideas ranging from a terrific brochure headline or a pitch to a new client for my public-relations agency to finding a new route to avoid the morning rush—each notion began as an unsummoned thought, mulled over and jotted down. The old story has it that Isaac Newton identified the concept and presence of gravity while sitting under an apple tree. One fruit fell and science gained new dimension. While there may be some historic license in that tale, it"s easy to see that if Newton had been wearing his Walkman, he probably would have overlooked the real impact of the apple"s fall. This is the problematic side of technological evolution. As tools become more compact, portable and inescapable, they begin to take away something they cannot replace. The car phone, battery-powered TV, portable fax and notepad-size computer do everything for accessibility. They make it easy to be in touch, to be productive, to avoid the tragedy of a wasted second. But there are worse things than empty time. A calendar packed to the max makes it easy to overlook what"s missing. A dearth of good ideas isn"t something that strikes like alightning bolt. It"s a far more gradual dawning, like the slow unwelcome recognition that one"s memory has become less sharp. If that dawning is slow, it"s because our minds are fully occupied. It now takes an unprecedented depth of knowledge to stay on top of basic matters, from choosing sensible investments to purchasing the healthiest food. There is literally no end to the information that has become essential. When there is a chance to relax, we don"t stop the input; we change channels. With earphones on our heads or televisions in our faces, we lock in to a steady barrage of news, views and videos that eliminate likelihood of any spontaneous thought. Still, we are not totally oblivious. We work hard to counter the mind-numbing impact of the river of information we are forced to absorb. There is a deliberate emphasis on the importance of creative thought as a daily factor. From seminars to smart drinks, from computer programs to yoga postures, there"s no end to the strategies and products that claim to enhance creativity. It would be unfair to say that all of these methods are without value. But beyond a certain point they are, at best, superfluous. Trying too hard to reach for high-quality insight can thwart the process in the worst way. The best ideas occur to me when my mind is otherwise unchallenged and there is no pressure to create. I have mentally composed whole articles while jogging, flashed upon the solution to a software dilemma while sitting in the steam room, come up with just the right opening line for a client"s speech while pushing a vacuum. These were not problems I had set out to address at those particular times. Inventiveness came to my uncluttered mind in a random, unfocused moment. Certainly not every idea that pops up during a quiet time is a winner. But a surprising number do set me on the path to fresh solutions. And I have found that a free flow of ideas builds its own momentum, leapfrogging me along to answer that work. The simple fact is that time spent lost in thought isn"t really lost at all. That"s why" unplugged time "is vital. It"s when new directions, different approaches and exciting solutions emerge from a place that can"t be tapped at will. It is unwise to take this resource for granted. Better to recognize it, understand something about where it resides and thereby ensure it is not lost. Clearly, this is far easier said than done. Technology is seductive. It chases us down, grabs hold and will not let us go. Nor do we want it to. The challenge is to keep it in its place and to remember that time spent unplugged brings unique rewards. This doesn"t mean I will abandon my new radio headset toy. But I will take the precaution of leaving it in my dresser drawer on a regular basis. Otherwise, unlike wise old Newton,I may see the fall but never grasp its meaning.（分数：12.00）(1).We may infer from the text that the writer______.（分数：2.00）A.did not like to follow the trendB.prefers to listen to soft musicC.works at a public relations firmD.was not a creative person(2).The writer uses the example of Isaac Newton to show that______.（分数：2.00）A.scientists should stay close to nature to grasp the meaning of natural lawB.a creative scientist can change the course of historyC.a good idea is something that strikes like a lightning boltD.innovative ideas usually originate in times when the mind ranges freely(3).One of the problems that come with technological development is that______.（分数：2.00）A.our minds are too occupied to have any creative ideasB.tools become too complicated to operateC.our memory becomes less sharpD.people have too many gadgets to carry(4).The underlined word" haunts" in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______ .（分数：2.00）A.placesB.peopleC.activitiesD.ghosts(5).In the last few paragraphs, the writer suggests that people should______.（分数：2.00）A.get rid of radio headsetsB.enjoy unplugged time regularlyC.face the challenge of technologyD.learn from Isaac Newton(6).The best title for this text probably is______.（分数：2.00）A.The Latest Trend in HeadsetsB.Impacts of Scientific DevelopmentC.We Are Too Busy for IdeasD.The Best of the Gadgets二、判断题(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Read the following passage carefully and then decide whether the statements which follow are true(T)or false(F). Multiculturalism: E Pluribus Plures Questions of race, ethnicity, and religion have been a perennial source of conflict in American education. The schools have often attracted the zealous attention of those who wish to influence the future, as well as those who wish to change the way we view the past. In our history, the schools have been not only an institution to teach young people skills and knowledge, but an arena where interest groups fight to preserve their values, or to revise the judgments of history, or to bring about fundamental social change. Given the diversity of American society, it has been impossible to insulate the schools from pressures that result from differences and tensions among groups. When people differ about basic values, sooner or later those disagreements turn up in battles about how schools are organized or what the schools should teach. Sometimes these battles remove a terrible injustice, like racial segregation. Sometimes, however, interest groups politicize the curriculum and attempt to impose their views on teachers, school officials, and textbook publishers. When groups cross the line into extremism, advancing their own agendas without regard to reason or to others, they threaten public education itself, making it difficult to teach any issues honestly and making the entire curriculum vulnerable to political campaigns. For many years, the public schools attempted to neutralize controversies over race, religion, and ethnicity by ignoring them. The textbooks minimized problems among groups and taught a sanitized version of history. Race, religion, and ethnicity were presented as minor elements in the American saga; slavery was treated as an episode, immigration as a sidebar, and women were largely absent. The textbooks concentrated on presidents, wars, national politics, and issues of state. An occasional "great black" or "great woman" received mention, but the main narrative paid little attention to minority groups and women. With the ethnic revival of the 1960s, this approach to the teaching of history came under fire, because the history of national leaders—virtually all of whom were white, Anglo-Saxon, and male — ignored the place in American history of those who were none of the above. The traditional history of elites had been complemented by an assimilationist view of American society, which presumed that everyone in the American melting pot would eventually lose or abandon those ethnic characteristics that distinguished each from mainstream Americans. The ethnic revival demonstrated that many groups did not want to be assimilated or melted. Ethnic studies programs popped up on campuses to teach not only that" black is beautiful" , but also that every other variety of ethnicity is " beautiful" as well; eveiyone who had "roots" began to look for them so that they, too, could recover that ancestral part of themselves that had not been homogenized. As ethnicity became an accepted subject for study in the late 1960s, textbooks were assailed for their failure to portray blacks accurately; within a few years, the textbooks in wide use were carefully screened to eliminate bias against minority groups and women. At the same time, new scholarship about the history of women, blacks, and various ethnic minorities found its way into the textbooks. Today"s history textbooks routinely incorporate the experiences of women, blacks,American Indians, and various immigrant groups. As a result of the political and social changes of recent decades, cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as an organizing principle of this society. In contrast to the idea of the melting pot, which promised to erase ethnic and group differences, children now learn that variety is the spice of life. They learn that America has provided a haven for many different groups and has allowed them to maintain their cultural heritage or to assimilate, or—as is often the case—to do both; the choice is theirs, not the state"s. They learn that cultural pluralism is one of the norms of a free society; that differences among groups are a national resource rather than a problem to be solved. Indeed, the unique feature of the United States is that its common culture has been formed by the interaction of its subsidiary cultures. It is a culture that has been influenced over time by immigrants, American Indians, Africans(slave and free)and by their descendants. American music, art, literature, language, food, clothing, sports, holidays, and customs all show the effects of the commingling of diverse cultures in one nation. Paradoxical though it may seem, the United States has a common culture that is multicultural.（分数：10.00）(1).For a long time in history, American schools have been an arena for different interest groups to fight to preserve their values.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(2).Public schools are biased against minority groups and women, so textbooks chose to ignore the related issues.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(3).Ethnic studies programs became popular in schools as a result of the ethnic revival in the 1960s.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(4).Today"s history textbooks advocate the idea of melting pot by incorporating the experiences of women, blacks, American Indians and various immigrant groups.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE(5).It is generally acknowledged now that multiculturalism is a reality as well as a unique feature of American society.（分数：2.00）A.TRUEB.FALSE三、选词填空(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Please choose the best sentence from the list after the passage to fill in each of the gaps in the text. There are more sentences than gaps. The Myth of Asian Superiority Asian Americans have increasingly come to be viewed as a "model minority". But are they as successful as claimed? And for whom are they supposed to be a model? 1 Asian American shopkeepers have been congratulated, as well as criticized, for their ubiquity and entrepreneurial effectiveness. If Asian Americans can make it, many politicians and pundits ask, why can"t African Americans? 2The victims are blamed for their plight, rather than racism and an economy that has made many young African American workers superfluous. The celebration of Asian Americans has obscured reality. 3 Most Asian Americans live in California, Hawaii, and New York—states with higher incomes and higher costs of living than the national average. 4 While Japanese American men in California earned an average income comparable to Caucasian men in 1980, they did so only by acquiring more education and working more hours. 5Some Asian American groups do have higher family incomes than Caucasians. But they have more workers per family. The " model minority" image homogenizes Asian Americans and hides their differences. For example, while thousands of Vietnamese American young people attenduniversities, others are on the streets. They live in motels and hang out in pool halls in places like East Los Angeles; some join gangs. Hmong and Mien refugees from Laos have unemployment rates that reach as high as 80 percent. A recent California study showed that three out of ten Southeast Asian refugee families had been on welfare for four to ten years. Although college-education Asian Americans are entering the professions and earning good salaries, many hit the "glass ceiling"—the barrier through which high management positions can be seen but not reached. 6 Finally, the triumph of Korean immigrants has been exaggerated. In 1988 , Koreans in the New York metropolitan area earned only 68 percent of the median income of non-Asians. More thanthree-quarters of Korean greengrocers came to America with a college education. 7For many of them, the greengrocery represents dashed dreams, a step downward in status. Most Asian Americans know their "success"is largely a myth. They also see how the celebration of Asian Americans as a " model minority" perpetuates their inequality and exacerbates relations between them and African Americans. A. Even Japanese Americans, often touted for their upward mobility, have not reached equality. B. A survey showed that only 8 percent of Asian Americans were " officials" and " managers " , compared with 12 percent for all groups. C. Such comparisons pit minorities against each other and generate African American resentment toward Asian Americans. D. Engineers, teachers, or administrators while in Korea, they became shopkeepers after their arrival. E. Asian Americans have been described in the media as" excessively, even provocatively" successful in gaining admission to universities. F. For example, figures on the high earnings of Asian Americans relative to Caucasians are misleading. G. For all their hard work and long hours, most Korean shopkeepers do not actually earn very much. H. Comparing family incomes is even more deceptive.（分数：14.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Please read the following passage and translate the underlined parts into Chinese.(40 points, 8 points each) How to Manage Time 【F1】The belief that time is a resource that must be monitored closely and managed carefully is one of the basic laws of our time-pressed world, as is the urge to do more and do it quicker. Is it any wonder our culture favors the young and energetic? Who else can accomplish the hundreds of tasks each of us must master in a typical day, as well as process the thousand bits of information rushing at us every hour? In my workshops at Omega and around the country on time-shifting—learning how to toggle between hyperproductivity and an awareness of the world around you—the first question I pose is" Do you feel that you have enough time in your daily lives?"Invariably, more than 90 percent declare an overwhelming sense of "time-poverty"—part of an epidemic of anxiety and pressure in our society. 【F2】 Ironically, in response, methods to improve our management of time have gained in popularity, along with new, speedier technology that helps us develop greater efficiency. Yet while these initially seem to help, they ultimately serve only to increase the speed of our lives. We learn to go faster and get more done—only to take on more work and responsibility. As a result, the future arrives that much quicker, and it begins to predominate. The "now" becomes a prelude to the "next". We do this so we can get to that. We work for the weekend, rush through lunch to get back to our desks, worry about next month"s deadline before this month is completed. We divide our attention and awareness between the task at hand that we"re rushing to complete and the next item on our day-planner. So, what is needed is to come into the present moment. Instead of rushing, take your time, let your rhythm slow down. You can rush late if you need to, but for now, simply perform the taskthat is in front of you, whether it"s washing the dishes or commuting to work. We spend our lives waiting for the important events to take place, rushing through these" in-between" moments. Yet the reality is that these in-betweens actually make up a significant portion of our lives. Allowing ourselves to be present in them and experience them fully is what makes us alive— and helps to keep us young. This involves developing a sense of mindfulness, a way of being that puts you fully in the moment without pressure or anxiety about staying on schedule. 【F3】It is a quality that each of us needs to learn how to cultivate more in our lives, awakening all of our senses and being comfortable in the present—to feel rooted, with no need to rush. Some will read this and wonder why they should slow down. Isn"t it okay to keep moving along with the progress of modern times? Isn"t it, in fact, necessary to do so? There really is no right or wrong answer;rather it is a question of how we feel about our lives. My experience has taught me that there is too much stress caused by the frantic pace at which most of us exist. The result is a disconnection from the world around us and our sense of being alive in it. 【F4】People report feeling trapped, powerless to effect any meaningful change, coping as best as they can yet knowing they don"t feel the way they would like to feel. The key is to step back from the edge, learn to get involved in the process rather than constantly longing for the end result. 【F5】This does not mean giving up our goal-oriented lives—simply modifying them, finding a balance between our productive and our emotional selves. This enables us to live as whole beings, fully alive. In response to the pace of our modern world, learning how to successfully shift time can be one of the keys to achieving both health and longevity as we continue to age.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).【F2】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).【F3】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).【F4】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).【F5】（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 写作2.With the information given in the following graph, explain what is the greenhouse effect, what causes the greenhouse effect, and what we can do to reduce the greenhouse effect.(no less than150 words)methane: 2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2010年北京外国语大学百科知识与写作考研真题
【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。
目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师.2010年北京外国语大学百科知识与写作考研真题一、百科知识：解释出现在下列短文中划线的名词，共25个名词，50分。
1.原始人对自然界不只是简单地解释和探索，为了更好地生活，他们还要与自然做不屈的斗争，于是就创造了歌颂与自然作斗争的英雄的故事，如精卫填海、夸父逐日、鲧禹治水等。
2.从天宝十五载六月潼关失守，杜甫到奉先携家属北上避难，到乾元二年秋赴秦州之前，产生了两个系列的作品，一是自叙经历，兼抒优家国心情的作品，如《月夜》、《春望》、《喜达行在所》、《述怀》、《羌村三首》、《北征》、《彭衙行》等。
二是集中写时事见闻的新乐府诗，如《哀王孙》、《悲陈陶》、《悲青坂》、《哀江头》、《塞芦子》、《洗兵马》及“三吏”、“三别”等。
3.佛教对中国文化的影响广泛而深刻，远不止与上述几方面。
佛教是中国民众的一种普遍信仰，因此形成了很多佛教圣地，如佛教四大名山，它们分别是文殊菩萨、普贤菩萨、观音菩萨、地藏菩萨的道场。
4.在明清之际三大思想家中，王夫之的哲学思想丰富而深刻，代表了中国古代哲学发展的高峰。
他对前代哲人提出的问题几乎都进行了重新审视，或引申发挥，或批判匡正。
5.五代时，在南方和河东地区，先后存在过十个割据政权（不包括一些小的割据势力），史称“十国”。
6.唐代书法作品流传至今者比前代为多，留下了大量宝贵的艺术珍品。
“初唐四大家”、“颜柳”并称，成为书法史上的高峰。
7.《本草纲目》共分16部60类，以部为纲，以类为目。
每一种药又以正名、余名为目。
这个纲目分类法已经具有与现代科学双名法相同的性质，有的科学史家将之与林标的分类法相提并论。
北京外国语大学法语翻译硕士考研真题,参考书,状元笔记,考研参考书笔记
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2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书
《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版
三、法国古典主义文学
（一）法国古典主义戏剧三大师
1、莫里哀（让—巴蒂斯特•波克兰）——《伪君子》《吝啬鬼》《可笑的女才子》
2、高乃依——《熙德》
3、 拉辛——《昂多马格》《菲德拉》
注：古典主义的特点——维护王权，崇尚理性，模仿古人。
讲求“三一律”——一个剧本只能有一个情节；剧情只能发生在同一地点；时间不能超出一昼夜。
（二）寓言大师拉封丹——十二卷寓言，共二百四十多则。
七、十八世纪法国“光明世纪”与启蒙运动
1、孟德斯鸠——书信体小说《波斯人信札》
2、伏尔泰——法国启蒙运动的领袖和导师，哲理小说《老实人》
3、狄德罗——小说《修女》《拉摩的侄儿》
4、卢梭——小说《新爱洛绮丝》《爱弥尔》；自传《忏悔录》
（以上四位属于“百科全书派”，他们共同编写了《百科全书》）
5、博马舍——剧本《塞雅勒的理发师》《费加罗的婚礼》（拿破仑说，法国大革命是从《费加罗的婚礼》公演那天开始的。
）。
2010年对外经济贸易大学二外英语考研真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2010年对外经济贸易大学二外英语考研真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5.1．The police caught the thief on the street and______him into their van.A．probedB．hustledC．copedD．smoldered正确答案：B解析：句意：警察在街上抓住小偷，把他推进囚车里。
hustle into推进。
probe 探索，探究。
cope成功地应对。
smolder熏烧。
2．The crude craft which the Wright brothers made was the______of the modern airplane.A．feudB．IllusionC．PrototypeD．alloy正确答案：C解析：句意：莱特兄弟制作的简陋飞行器，是现代飞机的雏形。
prototype 原形。
feud世仇。
illusion幻觉，假象。
alloy合金。
3．I’ve just received an______note telling me that the goods have been dispatched.A．invoiceB．enquiryC．orderD．advisory正确答案：A解析：句意：我刚才收到一张发货费用清单，知道已经发货。
invoice(发货或服务)费用清单。
enquiry查询，打听。
order订单。
advisory报告，通告。
4．Does these cars______to the new standard of vehicle exhaust emission?A．confirmB．confideC．conformD．complement正确答案：C解析：句意：这些汽车符合汽车废气排放的新标准吗?conform to符合，遵从。
confirm批准，确认。
confide(向某人)吐露(秘密、隐私等)。
2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题汇编
2010年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题汇编各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 POINTS）01. The ____ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.A. zephyrB. zodiacC. zymeD. zest02. It’s a ____ timetable. Sometimes lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A. haphazardB. odiousC. haughtyD. handicapped03. The poor man’s clothes were so ____ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A. oozedB. raggedC, moppedD. mocked04. The actor amused the audience by ____ some well-known people.A. embroideringB. riggingC. yelpingD. mimicking05. No men were allowed to ____ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A. wadeB. invokeC. muffleD. infringe06. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of____.A. vagabondB. sabotageC. paradoxD. Tachyon07. The island is maintained as a ____ for endangered species.A. wetlandsB. sanctuaryC. mireD . heath08. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as____.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown09. If you ____ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue10. The orphanage is just one of her ____ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic11. Many animals display ____ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal12. The guests, having eaten until they were ____, now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contradictedB. satiatedC. gripedD. trespassed13. While she had the fever, she ____ for hours.A. ravedB. sniggeredC. titteredD. perforated14. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will ____ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt15. The mice ____ when the cat came.A. rambledB. lingeredC. saunteredD. scampered16. The chimney is no longer ____ volumes of waste gas into atmosphere, as protective filters are being used.A. giving awayB. giving offC. giving inD. giving up17. At three o’clock ____ a cold morning, he arrived here.A. inB. atC. onD. of18. I’m sure dirty, ____?A. am IB. aren’t IC. isn’t ID. am not I19. ____, there is no place like home, wherever you go.A. It mav be humbleB. As humble it may beC. Humble it may beD. Humble as it may be20. But for his help, I ____.A. did not succeedB. had not succeededC. should not have succeededD. have not succeeded21. Try and calm yourself, ____ your mind will be easy again.A. andB. orC. whenD. before22. The price of the real estate in this area may ____ to unexpected values, so everyone should be conscious of the maximum price that he would want to pay for a particular property.A. staggerB. stinkC. soarD. suspend23. Contrary to popular belief, epidemics do not occur ____ after a natural disaster.A. spontaneouslyB. simultaneouslyC. homogeneouslyD. instantaneously24. Immigration from countries and cultures that are ____ with the cultural core of this nation has been generally prohibited.A. interiorB. invisibleC. incompatibleD. integral25. This course is designed to help children ____ such real life situations as separation and loss.A. cope withB. settle downC. intervene inD. interfere with26. Foreign language teachers of this university are busy designing a test of spoken English to ____ the original written examination.A. contaminateB. complimentC. complementD. Coordinate27. Idlers, no matter how poor they are, are always ____ at finding reasons not to take action to improve their living conditions.A. intrinsicB. ingeniousC. initialD. inherent28. As the graduation is drawing near, every student began to ____ his future.A. compensateB. contemplateC. jeopardizeD. manifest29. Although the resistance groups do not show great military ____, they frequently penetrate deep into the interior.A. prowessB. prowlC. psalmD. psyche30. The Great ____ in the USA is 1900 meters deep and 25 kilometers wide at its maximum.A. CanyonB. FordC. AbyssD. QuarryPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （30 POINTS）Passage A“When more and more people are thrown out of work, unemployment results,”Calvin Coolidge once observed. As the U.S. economy crumbles, Coolidge’s silly maxim might appear to be as apt as ever: the number of unemployment insurance claims is rising, and overall joblessness is creeping upward. But in today’s vast andcomplex labor market, things aren’t always what they seem. More and more people are indeed losing their jobs but not necessarily because the economy appears to be in recession. And old-fashioned unemployment isn’t the inevitable result of job loss. New work, at less pay, often is.Call it new-wave unemployment: structural changes in the economy are overlapping the business downturn, giving joblessness a grim new twist. Small wonder that the U.S. unemployment rate is rising. Now at 5.7 percent, it is widely expected to edge toward 7 percent by the end of next year. But statistics alone can’t fully capture a complex reality. The unemployment rate has been held down by slow growth in the labor force —the number of people working or looking for work—since few people sense attractive job opportunities in a weak economy. In addition, many more people are losing their jobs than are actually ending up unemployed. Faced with hungry mouths to feed, thousands of women, for example, are taking two or more part-time positions or agreeing to shave the hours they work in service-sector jobs. For better and for worse, work in America clearly isn’t what it used to be. Now unemployment isn’t, either.Like sour old wine in new bottles, this downturn blends a little of the old and the new reflecting a decade’s worth of change in the dynamic U.S. economy. Yet, in many respects the decline is following the classic pattern, with new layoffs concentrated among blue-collar workers in the most “cyclical”industries, whose ups and downs track the economy most closely.As the downturn attracts attention on workers’ill fortunes, some analysts predict that political upheaval may lie ahead. Real wages for the average U.S. worker peaked in 1973 and have been falling almost ever since. As a result, a growing group of downwardly mobile Americans could soon begin pressing policymakers to help produce better-paying jobs. Just how loud the outcrv becomes will depend partly on the course of the recession. But in the long run, there’s little doubt that the bleak outlook for jobs and joblessness is “politically, socially and psychologically dynamite”.01. Why does the author refer to Coolidge’s maxim as silly? ____A. More and more people are applying for unemployment insurance.B. Unemployment rate is not likely to rise quickly nowadays.C. Losing jobs doesn’t necessarily lead to unemployment.D. Today’s labor market is much too complicated than Coolidge’s time.02. According to the passage, the unemployment rate has been kept under limits because ____.A. the number of the people in the work force slowly increasesB. very few people really lose their original jobsC. less and less people are out finding new jobsD. the government has taken strong measures to control the unemployment rate03. According to the passage, under the great pressure of life, many women ____.A. will do a part-time job along with the full-time jobB. would rather stay at home than apply for a part-time positionC. would be fired if they cannot finish the job quicklyD. will agree to have their working hours shortened if required04. The present downturn is similar to traditional ones in that ____.A. we can never predict which way the economy will headB. the economic prospects have been unfavorable for 1 0 yearsC. the government has done relatively little to intervene the marketD. physical laborers are the chief victims of the economic decline.05. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? ____A. Blue-collar workers are given less and less wages in recent years.B. The unemployment problem may lead to serious social problems.C. The unemployment problem will probably become less serious in no time.D. The government will create more jobs with better pay in the near future. Passage BUp to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when foodenters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite”or “to set in motion.”A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands(which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals cansuppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment as also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of his new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and familyphysicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.01. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must ____.A. be part of the digestive processB. influence the operations of the nervous systemC. affect processes in a different part of the bodyD. regulate attitudes and behavior02. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to ____.A. whether scientists understand their functionB. how frequently they release hormones into the bodyC. whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging processD. whether they secrete chemicals into the blood03. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? ____A. Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.B. Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.C. When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.D. The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.04. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone? ____A. Adults of smaller statue than normalB. Adults with strong digestive systemsC. Children who are not at risk from the treatmentD. Children who may remain abnormally small05.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy? ____A. The quantities and proportions of hormones produce change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.B. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.C. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.D. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.Passage CStudents of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary”and “individual theorists”were in reality connected to a movement —utopian socialism—which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied thanthe group’s contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two accounts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents’energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians’appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.01. It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe earlyfeminists in the Unrated States as “solitary”to be ____.A. insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thoughtB. overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848C. not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scopeD. insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference02. According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women’s rights? ____A. It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought.B. It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad.C. It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.D. It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism03. The author’s attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of ____.A. approval of the specific focus of their researchB. disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians’energy after 1832C. approval of their general focus on social conditionsD. disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts04. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such study ____.A. would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminismB. would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feministsC. would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832D. promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 184805. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians? ____A. A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive education.B. A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal status.C. A society in which women did not enter public life.D. A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual power.Part 3: Answering Questions. （10 POINTS）Wilbur and Orville Wright were two brothers from the heartland of America with a vision as sweeping as the sky and a practicality as down-to-earth as the Wright Cycle Co., the bicycle business they founded in Dayton, Ohio, in 1892. But while there were countless bicycle shops in turn-of-the-century America, in only one were wings bring built as well as wheels. When the Wright brothers finally realized their vision of powered human flight in 1903, they made the world a forever smaller place. I’ve been to Kitty Hawk, N.C, and seen where the brothers imagined the future, and then literally flew across its high frontier. It was an inspiration to be there, and to soak up the amazing perseverance and creativity of these two pioneers.The Wright brothers had been fascinated by the idea of flight from an early age. In 1878 their father, a bishop in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, gave them a flying toy made of cork and bamboo. It had a paper body and was powered by rubber bands. The young boys soon broke the fragile toy, but the memory of its faltering flight across their living room stayed with them. By the mid-1890s Wilbur was reading every book and paper he could find on the still earth-bound science of human flight. And four years before they made history at Kitty Hawk, the brothers built their first, scaled-down flying machine—a pilotless “kite”with a 5-ft. wingspan, and made of wood, wire and cloth. Based on that experiment, Wilbur became convinced that he could build an aircraft that would be “capable of sustaining a man.”When published aeronautical data turned out to be unreliable, the Wright brothers built their own wind tunnel to test airfoils and measure empirically how to lift a flying machine into the sky. They were the first to discover that a long narrow wing shapewas the ideal architecture of flight. They figured out how to move the vehicle freely, not just across land, but up and down on a cushion of air. They built a forward elevator to control the pitch of their craft as it nosed up and down. They fashioned a pair of twin rudders in back to control its tendency to yawn from side to side. They devised a pulley system that warped the shape of wings in midflight to turn the plane and to stop it from rolling laterally in air. Recognizing that a propeller isn’t like a ship’s screw, but becomes, in effect, a rotating wing, they used the data from their wind-tunnel experiments to design the first effective airplane props—a pair of 8-ft, propellers, carved out of laminated spruce, that turned in opposite directions to offset the twisting effect on the machine’s structure. And when they discovered that a light-weight gas-powered engine did not exist, they decided to design and build their own. It produced 12 horsepower and weighed only 152 lbs.The genius of Leonardo da Vinci imagined a flying machine, but it took the methodical application of science by these two American bicycle mechanics to create it. The unmanned gliders spawned by their first efforts flew erratically and were at the mercy of any strong gust of wind. But with help from their wind, tunnel, the brothers amassed more data on wing design than anyone before them, compiling tables of computations that are still valid today. And with guidance from this scientific study, they developed the powered 1903 Flyer, a skeletal flying machine of spruce, ash and muslin, with an unmanned weight of just over 600 lbs.On Dec: 17, 1903, with Orville at the controls, the Flyer lifted off shakily from KittyHawk and flew 120 ft.—little more than half the wingspan of a Boeing 747-400. That 12-sec. flight changed the world, lifting it to new heights of freedom and giving mankind access to places it had never dreamed of reaching. Although the Wright brothers’feat was to transform life in the 20th century, the next day only four newspapers in the U. S. carried news of their achievement—news that was widely dismissed as exaggerated.The Wright brothers gave us a tool, but it was up to individuals and nations to put it to use. The airplane revolutionized both peace and war. It brought families together: once, when a Chile or other close relatives left the old country for America, family and friends mourned for someone they would never see again. Today, the grandchild of that immigrant can return again and again across a vast ocean in just half a turn of the clock. But the airplane also helped tear families apart, by making international warfare an effortless reality.Now, on the eve of another century, who knows where the next Wright brothers will be found, in what grade of school they’re studying, or in what garage they’re inventing the next Flyer of the information age. Our mission is to make sure that wherever they are, they have the chance to run their own course, to persevere and follow their own inspiration. We have to understand that engineering breakthroughs are not just mechanical or scientific—they are liberating forces that can continually improve people’s lives. Who would have thought, as the 20th century opened, that one of its greatest contributions would come from two obscure, fresh-faced young Americans who pursued the utmost bounds of human thought and gave us all, for the first time,the power literally to sail beyond the sunset.The 20th century has been the American Century in large part because of great inventors such as the Wright brothers. May we follow their flight paths and blaze our own in the 21st century.QuestionsWhat great difficulties did the Wright Brothers overcome while building an aircraft that would be “capable of sustaining a man”? What quality of the Wright Brothers impresses you most? Illustrate it briefly with an example. What’s the purpose of this article? What is the tone of the passage?Part 4: Writing. （30 POINTS）Please write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: Translation and Interpreting in the Global Age.2014年考研专业课复习安排及方法问题一：专业课复习的复习进度及内容安排回答一：专业课的复习通常在9月或者更早就要开始了，集中复习一般放在11月－12月左右。
2014年法语专业四级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年法语专业四级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie, vous entendrez un texte. Il sera lu quatre fois (le commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore): pour la première fois, vous n’avez qu’à l’écouter ; pour la deuxième et la troisième fois, vous écrivez le texte en l’écoutant et pour la quatrième fois, vous écoutez le texte pour vérifier votre transcription.Après la dictée, vous aurez trois minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez.Vocabulaire:muguet n.m.铃兰花brin n.m.幼枝注：请用恰当的方式表达数字，如：le 30 mai 2014, Louis ⅩⅣ【答案】le r mai: Fête du TravailLa Fête du Travail est célébrée le le r mai dans de nombreux pays du monde et est l’occasion d’importantes manifestations du mouvement ouvrier. Elle est parfois associée à d’autres fêtes ou traditions populaires.Cette journée est appelée aussi la fête du muguet, cette plante a toujours symboli sé le printemps. Le le r mai 1561, le roi Charles Ⅸa rendu les choses officielles: ayant reçu à cette date un brin de muguet comme porte-bonheur, il a décidé d’en offrir chaque année aux dames de la cour. La tradition était née.La fleur est aussi celle des rencontres amoureuses. Longtemps, des bals du muguet ont été organisés en Europe. Ce jour-là, les jeunes filles s’habillaient de blanc et les garçons décoraient leur costume d’un brin de muguet.PARTIE ⅡCompréhension orale (10 points)Cette partie est composée de deux sections.Section A (5 points)Dans cette section, vous entendrez dix petits dialogues ou messages. Chaque dialogue ou message vous sera passé deux fois (le commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore): vous l’écoutez et vous choisissez la bonne réponse à la question qui se pose sur le dialogue.Maintenant, vous avez trois minutes pour lire les questions et toutes lesréponses suggérées.1. Où se déroule ce dialogue?A. Dans un restaurant.B. Dans un cinéma.C. Dans un centre commercial.【答案】C【解析】对话中提到了卖古典音乐唱片的柜台，由此可推断对话发生的地点是商场。
2010年北京外国语大学汉教真题及答案解析
育明教育
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目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！
2010年北京外国语大学汉教真题及答案解析
第一部分汉语语言学基础知识
一、填空题
1.普通话
2.音译结合的符号系统
3.方言
4.北方方言
5.音高
6.辨义作用
7.O
8.舌尖后
9.Q
10.撮口呼
11.能否独立运用
12.基本
13.两个不同的词根
14.特点
15.动宾
16.理性意义
17.结构的凝固性
18.情景语境
19.意义和关系
20.语序和虚词
21.结构上是否互作句法成分
22.划分词类
23.兼语
24.情态
25.条件
二、判断题
1F2T3F4T5F6F7T8T9F10F11T12F13F 14F15T
三、选择题。
2010年首都师范大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析
2010年首都师范大学翻译硕士MTI考研辅导班真题答案解析各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
基础英语·详细解析Part 1: Corrections.The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knows sure who does the changing. One possibility is that Children are responsible. A professor of linguistic at the University of Hawaii explores this in one of his recent books. Sometimes around 1880, a language catastrophe occurred In Hawaii when thousands of immigrant workers were broug to the islands to work for the new sugar industry. These people speaking different languages were unable to communicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians and the dominant English-speaking owners of the plantations. So they first spoke in Pidin English—the sort of thing such mixed language pupulations have always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all. It is more like a set of verbal signals used to name objects but without the grammatical rues needed for expressing thought and ideas. And then, within a single generation, the whole mass of mixed peoples began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian Creole. The new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed from all the original tongues, but borelittle or no resemblance with the predecessors in the rules used to stringing the words together. Although generally regarded as primitive language, Hawaiian Creole had a highly sophisticated grammar.Part 2: Grammar and Vocabulary.01. Recent editions of the Chinese classic Tao Te Ching, based on manuscripts more authoritative than those hitherto available, have rendered previous editions obsolete.句义：中国古典名著《道德经》的最新版是根据手稿完成的，更权威的新版淘汰了旧版。
2010法语专四真题(语法)
A.Un B. Du C. De D. Le
gagnante du jeu ____vous avez été nombreux à participer s’appellle Marie Dubois.
A.dont B.que C.où D.au quelles
11._____prend des cours de piano, il a fait de réels progrès.
A.A partir de B. Depuis qu’il C. S’il D. Quand il
12.Tu étais au courant? Elle ne m’a jamais ____dit à ce sujet.
A.assez de, à B.assez, pour C.assez du, pour D.assez de, pour
30.Ces clefs so来自t ____Pierre.A.celui de B.ceux de C.celle à D.celles de
31._____me plaît beaucoup.
A.auquel B.à laquelle C.dont D.que
28.Ils ont beaucoup voyagé, ils sont allés _____Espagne et _____Mexique.
A.au, en B.à, à C.en, au D.en, en
29.Bien sûr, j’ai _____temps ____t’aider.
A.où B.quand C.que D.auquel