2020考研英语：语法长难句练习(7)
深度解析考研英语历年真题中的变态长难句(上)
深度解析考研英语历年真题中的变态长难句（上）摘要：长难句应该是考研英语中最让人头疼的了，语法基础不过关，语感不突出，真的是不好掌握，但它还挺重要，因为涉及到阅读文章的正确理解、翻译题的准确翻译。
考生需要对历年考研英语真题中的经典长难句进行深度剖析，如此才能真正提高长难句破解的功力。
今天就为大家深度解析这些长难句，篇幅原因，这次是前半部分。
一、It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words，all we can do is articulate our reactions to it，and not grasp music itself.1.重点词汇及短语：describewith 用描述articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达，描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的reaction n. 反应grasp v. 理解，领会（尤指复杂的事情或观点）2.句子成分分析：本句为主从复合句，主干是It is also the reason...。
why引导定语从句，解释说明the reason。
定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。
关系副词why引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如：He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which，取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分：先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分，应该用why。
例如：Please tell me the reason why he was late.（先行词reason在从句中作原因状语）；先行词reason在从句中作名词性成分，应该用that/which。
考研英语语法
考研英语长难句分析第1章从五大基本句型到非简单句障碍来源：语义（通过词汇量来解决）、语序（语法）英语句子分类：简单句、非简单句第一节简单句障碍的解决一、简单句的定义：第一、只含有一套主谓结构且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成第二、简单句的短语中可以出现从属的主谓结构二、简单句从英文转化为中文，语序没有障碍的情况五大基本句型：主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语（系动词）+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）主语+谓语+宾语+宾补主语+谓语（系动词）+表语三、简单句的障碍来源定语、同位语、插入语、状语四、对于简单句障碍的处理1.对于定语的处理（1）定语的定义：句中修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分（2）定语的分类：前置定语、后置定语1）前置定语可充当前置定语的词：形容词形容词性物主代词单个的动词-ing形式单个的动词-ed形式名词在一个名词前可以出现多个前置定语2）后置定语能充当后置定语的词和结构：形容词短语形容词+介词+名词现在分词短语现在分词+名词现在分词+介词+名词过去分词短语过去分词+名词过去分词+介词+名词过去分词+to do+名词动词不定式短语to do+名词介词短语介词+名词表语形容词作定语后置（例：a cat alive.一直活着的猫）修饰不定代词的定语后置后置定语都可以被改写为一个定语从句，后置定语是定语从句的简写。
（3）小结对待定语采取前置或拆分的处理方法一个名词后可以跟很多后置定语推导：名词1+定语1（介词+名词2）+定语2+定语3注意：绝大多数时候定语2和定语3都在修饰名词1，而不是定语2修饰名词22.对于同位语的处理（1）同位语的定义在一个名词或者句子后出现的起解释和说明作用的另一个名词结构为前一名词或句子的同位语。
作用：使整个句子的表达更加正式和多样化。
（2）考研中同位语的存在模式A，B，A—B—A or BA of B（A为上义词，B为下义词）句子+“—”或“，”后出现一名词（名词前后能出现修饰成分）名词可以修饰一个句子，一个句子也可以修饰名词（3）小结1）很多同位语都可以改写为一个主系表结构的句子。
王欢-2019考研英语长难句语法每日一练
2019考研英语长难句语法每日一练王欢【每日一练】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.（2005年翻译48题）（一）词汇解析：（1）alone：如果放在代词或名词后，意为“仅仅、单单”；（2）demonstrate:证明，证实，说明；（3）television business：电视行业，这里的business考察的是熟词僻义，意为“行业”，相当于industry或field，business除了本意“商业”外，还考察过“任务、职责”的意思；（4）survive in：存活、幸存；（5）underline：强调，表示这一含义的同意表达还有highlight、emphasize、stress；（6）out of：在……中、从……中；（7）took a loss：亏损。
（二）句子解析：（1）that the television business is not an easy world to survive in：放在了主句谓语动词demonstrate后面，为宾语从句；（2）a fact underlined by statistics：a fact后面的过去分词短语与前面的名词fact形成了一种被动关系，因此可判断underlined by statistics这部分做了后置定语来修饰名词fact，可翻译为“数据强调了这一事实”；（3）that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989：第一个that因在从句中充当成分（主语），因此可判断其为定语从句，修饰限定的是前面的名词statistics，而当定语从句的单词数量明显大于8个单词时，我们可以将其独立成句来进行翻译，可理解为“数据表明……”，而第二个that放在了定语从句中的谓语动词show后，为宾语从句；（三）参考译文：仅仅这一点就证明了电视行业并不是一个容易存活的领域。
2020考研英语-阅读长难句辨析(1)
2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1)考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1)咱们先来看2020年考研英语阅读Text1中这两句话。
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.先看第一句，第一句的结构并不复杂，主语是“its lawmakers ——法国的立法者”，谓语是“gave”，宾语是“preliminary approval”，后半句的“a law”之后有一个that引导的从句。
其中“ultra-thin”指的是“过度瘦弱的”。
整句话的含义是“上周法国的立法者初步通过了一个法条：如果聘用过于瘦弱的模特走T 台的话会触犯法律”。
后面一句话的结构也很清晰，是“主谓宾”结构，其中“the parliament”是主语，“websites”后面有一个that引导的从句，其中“incite”是从句中的谓语，“excessive thinness”是从句中的宾语。
同学们在分析这句话时，千万要主要“incite excessive thinness”，这并不是引用的短语，而是“动词+名词”的形式。
这句话的含义是“议会还同意禁止那些通过鼓励过度节食来“煽动过度瘦弱”的网站”。
再来看下一句。
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth. 这句话比之前的两句要长一些，但其结构并不复杂，主干结构是“It tells the fashion industry，that后面连接的是宾语从句，在从句当中，从句主语是“it”，“must take responsibility”是谓语部分，“for the signal”是状语，后面的“it sends women”是修饰“the signal”的。
2020考研英语之语法考点口诀记忆篇
2020考研英语之语法考点口诀记忆篇(上)考研英语是所有备考科目中比较难的科目，语法长难句部分更是重点，所以我们要特别注意。
为此，择研学姐整理了“2020考研英语之语法考点口诀记忆篇(上)”的文章，希望对大家有所帮助。
1、现在进行时Look, Listen是标志，现在进行正发生;有时now在句中现，“be+v-ing”时态成。
若问be用何形式，须看主语数、人称。
三单is我am,你和复数are紧随 (即：He / She is, I am. We, you,they后are紧跟)。
v-ing形式更好记，三种构成要分清。
一般问句be提前，be后not否定成！2、一般现在时一般现在时态中，动词一般用原形。
表述事实讲真理，习惯动作常发生。
动词词尾加-s(es)，只表单数三人称。
若变一般疑问句，得看句型是哪种。
系表结构和there be, be放句首即完成;若遇实义动词句，do或does莫忘记！3、一般过去时肯定句的过去式，规则动词加ed，不规则的必须记。
否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。
如把did加在前，动词还要归原形。
4、基数词变序数词基变序，很容易，一二三，特殊记，th从四起。
八去t来九去e，遇到ve，f 替，ty变为tie，后加th莫迟疑，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。
5、时间介词巧记歌年、月、季节前用in， (如：in 2008, in September, in spring)日期前面行不通。
遇到几号或星期改用on来做代替， (如：on January 1，onWedesday)上午、下午、晚上仍用in。
(如：in the morning/afternoon/evening)若是某日上下午，也是用on才能行。
(如：on theevening of the Mid-autumn Day)正午、夜里用at， (如：at noon, at night)时、分用法也同理。
(如：, at two, at two)如若“差”点须加to， (如：two to two)如若“过”点改past。
专题七 2020天津卷-2020年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读(解析版)
专题七2020天津卷-2020年高考阅读理解真题词汇和长难句解读（解析版）2020天津卷阅读理解AHow to Use a Modern Public LibraryHas it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.Check out a book. While libraries still loan out（出借）books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other through the use of delivery a vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats（载体形式）. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce（商会）and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.36. Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by______.A. sharing their books on the InternetB. giving access to online reading at a library branchC. sending a needed book to a library branch nearbyD. making the checkout procedures diverse37. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library?A. A magazine and an e-book.B. A game and an oil painting.C. A music CD and a kid’s toy.D. A DVD and a video player.38. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows ______.A. the kid to learn a new languageB. the parent to enjoy quiet readingC. the kid to overcome reading difficultiesD. the parent to meet their program sponsor39. Your local library can help you start a business by ______.A. providing relevant information and supporting servicesB. offering professional advice on business managementC. supplying useful information of your potential buyersD. arranging meetings with government officials40. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To point out the importance of public libraries.B. To encourage people to work in public libraries.C. To introduce the improved services of public libraries.D. To call for the modernization of public library systems.【答案】36. C 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. C【词汇】1. transform2. delivery3. request4. inform5. session6. target7. sponsor 8. accommodate 9. launch10. cooperative 11. checkout 12.procedure13. diverse 14. overcome 15. relevant16. potential 17. modernization1. transform vt. 改变；转换vi. 改变；变形；变态2. delivery n. 传递；交付；递送；分娩；转让；演讲姿态；投球3. request n. 请求；要求vt. 请求；要求4. inform v. 通知；告诉；使熟悉；告发；赋特征于5. session n. 会议；会期；开庭期；学期；一段时间6. target n. 目标；对象；靶vt. 把... 作为目标；瞄准7. sponsor n. 保证人；赞助者；发起者；主办者v. 发起；赞助；倡议8. accommodate vt. 供给住宿；使适应；容纳；提供；顾及；调解vi. 适应；调节9. launch v. 发起；推出（新产品）；发射；使(船)下水n. 发射；产品推介10. cooperative adj. 合作的；协作的n. 合作社11. checkout n. (超级市场中的)付款处；结帐；检验12.procedure n. 程序；手续；步骤13. diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的14. overcome vt. 战胜；克服；使受不了；(感情等)压倒vi. 获胜；赢15. relevant adj. 相关的；切题的；中肯的；有重大关系的；有意义的，目的明确的16. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的n. 潜力；潜能n. 电位；电势17. modernization n. 现代化【长难句】1. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.【句子分析】主干部分：They have transformed themselves into places定语从句：where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business. 修饰placesOr连接三个谓语动词：develop；meet；find out【翻译】他们把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以培养你对知识的热爱，结识有趣的人，或者找到如何创业的方法。
考研英语长难句：一句句突破长难句(18)
考研英语长难句：一句句突破长难句（18）长难句：In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.结构剖析：本句开始为状语，其中 Gerald Kaufman 后面带有一个很长的同位语chairman of House of Commons media select commitee; 本句的主干为 Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year, 其中 said 后面为宾语从句 he agreed with a committee report this year; this year 后面的 which 引导定语从句修饰先行词___1___（[em53]先行词是什么呢？），其中said 后的 that 引导___2___（[em44]引导什么从句呢？）核心词汇：media 媒体，媒介regulation 控制，管制；调节参考译文：欧文勋爵给下议员媒体选择委员会主席杰拉尔德.考夫曼写了一封信，信中说他同意该委员会今年发表的一份报告该报告指出媒体的自律所提供的监控并不够英语一阅读理解考研真题做阅读的顺序主要是分三步走1、先题后文，只看题干，不看选项，避免选项干扰，寻找文历年考研英一阅读理解真题常言道，“得阅读者得天下”。
阅读加新题型一共50分，半壁江山啊，做得好的话根本不用考研英语一阅读理解真题大全这类有很长同位语的的句子，其实就是纸老虎，目的就是为了打断我们的思路，割裂前后之阅读理解考研英语一真题语序调整或倒装一种是语法要求必须倒装，比如：以here , there ,then , now ,ne_t引。
（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结
（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句⼦是⼀个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。
其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。
obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，⽤改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。
词汇释义function n. 作⽤，职责analogous a. 相似的，类似的judge n. 法官，裁判员obligation n. 义务，责任reveal v. 揭露，显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以⼀种尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译⽂他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：⽤尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰⾃⼰做出决定的推理过程。
考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解
考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解引导语：下面是店铺整理的关于考研英语长难句翻译的解题技巧和方法，大家认真看看哦!(1)长难句：there is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.重点词汇：democratize uniformity discourse casualness deference■答案■1、译文：(美国社会出现)“服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致，随意和尊重的缺失”，这样正是通俗文化的特点。
分析：注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分，表语实际是三个内容：the democrat-izing uniformity,the casualness和absence of deference。
形容词短语(characteristic of popular culture)是表语的后置定语。
对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词的理解。
2、democratize意为“民主化”，本句中意为“平民化”。
uniformity意为“相同，一致”。
since then,the nation has sought uniformity in education to expand opportunities to all students.(自那时起，国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教育机会。
) discourse表示书面和口头的表达，因此一般译成“话语”，语言学的说法是“语篇”。
casualness表示随意的态度、举止、穿着等。
deference意为“顺从，尊重”。
in deference to my friend and colleague dr. b-rundtland,i won‘t show those slides at this symposium.(为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊重，我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片。
考研英语长难句翻译
我们鲁镇的习惯，本来是凡有出嫁的女儿，倘自己还未当 家，夏间便大抵回到母家去消夏。那时我的祖母虽然还康 健，但母亲也已分担了些家务，所以夏期便不能多日的归 省了，只得在扫墓完毕之后，抽空去住几天，这时我便每 年跟了我的母亲住在外祖母的家里。那地方叫平桥村，是 一个离海边不远，极偏僻的，临河的小村庄；住户不满三 十家，都种田，打鱼，只有一家很小的杂货店。但在我是 乐土：因为我在这里不但得到优待，又可以免念“秩秩斯 干幽幽南山”了。 ——鲁迅《社戏》
She will/is going to/is to do her homework. 她将要/打算做作业。 Does she do her homework? 她做作业吗？ She should have done her homework. 她本应该做作业。 The window was broken. 窗户被砸碎了。
如何读懂并翻译长难句？
词汇是根本
从结构入手
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 参考译文：多年以来，工具和技术他们本 身作为一个根本革新的源泉在很大程度上 已经被历史学家和哲学家所忽视。
将从属或修饰关系的英语句子，根据 时间的先后、逻辑的顺序、意思的主 次把长句“化整为零”，分切成为若 干个意义片段，用结构紧凑的汉语短 句，层次清楚地依次译出。
考研英语历年真题在完形填空、阅读理解、 英译汉等各种题型中存在大量的长句、难 句。这些句子结构复杂、修饰成分多、从 句套从句，句子各层次间的逻辑关系往往 令考生陷入迷魂阵。能否读懂长难句直接 关系到对上下文逻辑关系和具体文意的判 断，进而影响答题的速度和准确率。由此 可以说，读懂长难句是考研英语的重点和 难点。
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2020考研英语：语法长难句练习(7)
考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：语法长难句练习(7)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!
2020考研英语：语法长难句练习(7)
考研英语长难句训练题：
25. They would try to decide what intelligence inhuamns is really for, not merely how much of itthere is.
26. The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of thosehypotheses that dare not speak its name.
27. He helped popularize the idea that some diseasesnot previously thought to have a bacterial causewere actually infections, which aroused muchcontroversy when was first suggested.
28. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only suggeats thatone group of huamanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that hasbrought this about.
考研英语长难句解析：
第25题：
【分析】复合句。
本句的主干是 They would try todecide...。
decide 后跟两个并列的宾语从句，分别由 what和 how much 引导。
【译文】它们会试图判定人类智力的用途，而不仅仅是人类有多少智慧。
第26题：
【分析】复合句。
主句主干为 The idea is one of those hypotheses。
第一个 that 引导同位语从句补充说明 idea，第二个 that 引导定语从句修饰 hypotheses。
【译文】有一种观点认为，某些民族的智商可能要高于其他民族，这种观点是一种不敢冠之以名的假设。
【点拨】dare not speak its name 为一个固定结构，意为"不敢说出名"、"不敢冠之以名"、"无法说出口"。
第27题：
【分析】多重复合句。
主句主干是 He helped popularizethe idea。
that...infections 为 idea 的同位语从句，其中not previously...cause 作 diseases 的后置定语;which 引导的非限定性定语从句修饰 the idea;when引导时间状语从句，其中代词 it 也指代 the idea。
【译文】他曾经使一种观点广为人知，即某些以前被认为不是由细菌导致的疾病实际上也是传染病，这一观点在首次提出时就引起了很多争议。
【点拨】1) arouse (not little/much/a lot of)controversy 意为"引起(不少)争议"。
2) suggest 意为"提出"。
第28题：
【分析】多重复合句。
主句主干为 he is publishing a paper。
which 引导定语从句修饰paper;该从句中又包含not only...but also...连接的并列句。
在 not only分句中，that 引导宾语从句，作 suggest 的宾语;在 but 分句中 that 引导定语从句，修饰 process。
【译文】他携手其他两位科学家一起发表了一篇论文，其中不仅表明有一个人类族群比其他族群更聪明，而且还解释了导致这一结果的过程。
【点拨】bring about 意为"引起;带来"。