英语构词法在高考中的应用
英语构词法在高考中的应用 本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析： 1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考)
proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考)
Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)
teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)
考点精讲： Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.
英语构词法主要有三种方法： 一．.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇)
二. 转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)浇水 三. 派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的 ，只改变其 。
happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的
一．合成法： …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …
What does the word “shoplifter” mean A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工
注意：
请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。 them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.
spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.
a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.
二．转化法： He is a man with broad shoulders. We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time. Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）
触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free
三．派生法（重点）： （一）前缀 1. 否定前缀：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un- non-
请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。 balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky
polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair
2. 请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义 retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducation
subway subtitle international interview enlarge transport
归纳： 巩固练习： 1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.
What does the word “mispresent ” mean a wrong judgment about somebody wrongly a wrong description of a wrong opinion about
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain…
(二）后缀 1. 常见的名词后缀 A: 表示人的后缀：
B: 其它常见的后缀：
技巧点拨： 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接 或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为 ,并注意名词数的变化。动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。 (1)His (careful) resulted in the terrible accident (2)He was one of the (visit) who thought highly of Tom, their guide.
2.常见的形容词后缀 - al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less –ly;-ous表示具有…的性质, 或与…有关
. practical , American, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful
3.常见的副词后缀: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards
技巧点拨： 动词前后、形容词前后可有 ，这时，如果所给词为形容词，则需将其变为副词。如果所给词为名词或动词，可先将其变为形容词，再加后缀-ly。另外，在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语,连系动词后接形容词作表语。如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。如：
(1)The little girl is (extreme）eager to know the result of the exam.
(2)What，s the (length)river in the world (3)The (strength)we become, the more modest we should be.
4. 动词后缀: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成为) ; –en(使…）
写出下列单词的动词形式。 beauty modern deep rich real quick 技巧点拨： 动词是句子的灵魂，在确定语法填空的答案时，要考虑句子中是否有谓语动词，如果 谓语动词，需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。
两个en含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)
易错点 most aircraft fly highly.
2. They can watch lively broadcast ball games at home. 3.”We really did very well,” cried the fairy, in a pleasing voice,” for I found little unhappiness among the children this morning.
强化训练 a word, to save time is _________(long) life. to lengthen the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _____ (true) rich. race gave a great deal of ________(please).(惠一调)
4. It was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed to be in ruins, so I was full of _____ (angry).(惠二调)
5..and viruses, so I’m very careful not to give out my _________ (person) information.(惠三调)
this the boy got up and walked away, leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally _________ (speech).(广一模)
7. Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show
2021届高考英语构词法语法复习(精编版)
2021届高考英语构词法语法复习高中英语语法之构词法一.概念语言学家把这种专门研究词形变化现象和规则的学问称为词形学(morphology),通常简称为构词法(word formation)。
英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法.二.相关知识点精讲1.转化法英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。
例如：①let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②he is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。
例如：①did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗?②please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③she nursed her husbandback to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④we lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
例如：we will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词有少数副词可以转化为动词。
例如：murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。
(全)高考英语历年真题详解-构词法
高考英语历年真题详解-构词法2015新课标1卷Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词，形容构副词一般是在词尾加ly，副词可以修饰动词、形容词、副词与整个句子。
2015新课标2卷In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their(able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.答案：ability构词法：形容词构名词，名词后缀-ity: ability, possibility, probability, responsibility, purity, reality, equalityWalls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.答案：slowly构词法：形容词构副词As (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案：natural构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2016全国卷（新课标一）But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).答案：attraction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.答案：officially构词法：形容词构副词2016全国新课标二卷Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve).答案：achievement构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, governmentRecent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular).答案：regularly构词法：形容词构副词2016全国卷（新课标三）Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.答案：gradually构词法：形容词构副词Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.答案：development构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ment：punishment, argument, agreement, government2017（全国1卷）However, be (care) not to go to extremes.答案：careful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国2卷）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must havebeen (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 答案：fairly构词法：形容词构副词This development was only possible with the (introduce) ofelectric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThe central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案：successful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2017（全国3卷）She is determined to carry on with her ( educate).答案：education构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionIt is (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.答案：certainly构词法：形容词构副词2018（全国1卷）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercisesto (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.答案：strengthen构词法：名词构动词，动词后缀或前缀-en: quicken, weaken, soften, harden; en-: enjoy, encourage, enlargeRunning is cheap, easy and it's always (energy).答案：energetic构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀(t)ic-: realistic , humanistic , enthusiastic , economic2018（全国2卷）A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.答案：actually构词法：形容词构副词This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.答案：pollution构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.答案：global构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national2018（全国3卷）I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.答案：scientist构词法：-ist：pianist, communist, dentist, artist, receptionist2018（浙江卷）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week maybe (afford) but doing this most days adds up.答案：affordable动词构形容，形容词后缀-able, -ible：eatable, enjoyable, acceptable, reasonableResearchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.答案：weight构词法：动词构名词2019（全国1卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.答案：poorly构词法：形容词构副词In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a (believe) that populations are increasing.答案：belief构词法：动词构名词，类似的还有relieve-relief2019全国2卷Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.答案：finally构词法：形容词构副词We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).答案：wonderful构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful, successful2019全国3卷When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.答案：competition构词法：动词构名词，名词后缀-ion, -ation：suggestion, action, solution, invention, directionThey also shared with us many (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.答案：traditional; hugely构词法：名词构形容词；形容词构副词2019浙江卷When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can(easy) see them.答案：easily构词法：形容词构副词School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.答案：traditional构词法：名词构形容词，形容词后缀-al：natural, additional, educational, national。
2020年高考必考点专题06词性转化(构词法)(精讲深剖)(英语 解析版)
单句语法填空/单句改错1.（2019全国I卷）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _____ (believe) that populations are increasing.【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转化。
根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief 2.（2019全国II卷）We are so proud of her. It's (wonder).”【答案】wonderful【解析】考查词性转化。
根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，需要把名词wonder转化为形容词wonderful。
故填wonderful。
3.（2019全国III卷）When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting (compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. 【答案】competition【解析】考查词性转化。
由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。
故填competition。
4.（2019 浙江卷）School uniforms are (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.【答案】traditional【解析】考查词性转化。
句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。
考点08 构词法-备战2021年高考英语考点一遍过
考点08 构词法高考频度：★★★★★许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。
掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。
英语中的构词法主要有派生法（Derivation）、合成法（Composition）和转换法（Conversion）三大类。
构词法一派生法在一个词的词根（root）前面或后面加上某个词缀（affix）来产生新词，这种构词法称为派生法（derivation）或词缀法（affixation）。
加在前面的词缀叫前缀（prefix），加在后面的词缀叫后缀（suffix）。
一般情况下，前缀往往改变词根的词义，不改变词根的词性；而后缀往往改变词根的词性，有些也涉及意义的变化。
大部分前缀和后缀都有固定的意义，因而许多派生词的词义可以通过词根及词缀的意思推知。
1.形容词变副词的后缀在形容词后加－ly可变成相应意义的副词直接加－ly extreme → extremely尤其，非常stupid → stupidly 傻地改y为－ily happy → happily快乐地merry → merrily 快乐地去e加－ly true真的→ truly真地2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词－age short → shortage不足；短缺－cy efficient → efficiency效率；功效accurate → accuracy准确性－dom free → freedom自由；自主wise → wisdom明智；智慧3.动词变名词的后缀4.表示＂人＂的后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。
常见的表示＂人＂的后缀有：5.动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀6.表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀7.变动词的前缀和后缀hard → harden使变硬class → classify把……分类－ifybeauty → beautify美化apology → apologize道歉－izeemphasis → emphasize强调1. (2019年新课标卷I·语法填空) Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.【答案】higher【解析】根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
高考英语复习构词法之合成法讲义
合成法合成法：将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成新词的方法，叫做合成法。
通过合成法构成的词的数量在英语词汇中排第二位；初次遇到一个不认识的合成词，可以先分析其构成，记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键2、合成词的形式有：① 两个词放在一起合为一个词，如：classroom① 形式上是两个词，但是一个整体意思，如waiting room① 两个词之间用连字符连接，如：pencilbox.3、合成词的构成方式1）复合名词的主要构成方式有：2）复合动词的主要构成方式：3）复合形容词的主要构成方式：4）复合副词的主要构成方式：5）复合代词的主要构成方式：6）复合介词的主要构成方式：4、在掌握合成词的构成后，需要通过合成词猜测词语的意思。
一般情况下，合成词有三种意义：1）完全是两个意义的组合。
raincoat rain 雨, coat 大衣, 合成为雨衣weekend week 周, end 末尾, 合成为周末bus stop bus 公共汽车, stop 车站, 合成为公共汽车站railway rail 铁轨, way 路, 合成为铁路2）与意义相关，但有差别，这种词在翻译的时侯要注意不要望文生义。
bedclothes bed 床, clothes 衣服, 合成为床上用underwear under 下面, wear 穿, 戴, 合成为内衣3）完全失去了原有意义busboy bus 公共汽车, boy 男孩儿, 合成为饭店杂工busybody busy 忙的, body人, 身体, 合成为爱管闲事的人goldbrick gold 黄金, brick 砖, 合成为磨洋工的人有些词仅靠构词法还不能完全掌握，而理解其含义，就容易记住，理解得越深刻，记忆得越牢固。
要正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义，用这种方法特别适合记忆合成词。
Dumbfounddumb 是“哑巴”，found 则是find (发现)的过去分词，“一个人被发现哑口无言了”是怎样的一种情景呢? 这样，“目瞪口呆”之意便不言自明了absentmindedabsent 意为“缺席的”、“不在场的”，minded 则是mind 的过去分词，自然，你就把absentminded与汉语的“心不在焉”联系起来了。
2020年高考英语复习外研版 词性转换(构词法)
词
fail→failure
-ure/-ture press→pressure depart→departure mix→mixture -y recover→recovery discover→discovery choose→choice 其他 vary→variety
失败；倒闭
压力 离开；出发 混合；混合物 恢复；痊愈 发现 选择 多样化；种类
responsible→responsibility 责任
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命题点二 名词、动词转换
为形容词
[全析考法]
单句语法填空 1．(2018· 全国卷Ⅰ)Running is cheap, easy and it's always
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energetic ________ (energy)．
解析： 根据句子结构可知， 此处应该使用与其前的 cheap, easy 相同形式的形容词 energetic 作表语。
例
词 不断的；持续的 忧虑的 小心的；谨慎的 好奇的 幽默的 令人厌倦的 麻烦的 美味的；可口的 健康的 富裕的；丰富的 东方的；向东的 孩子气的 愚蠢的；可笑的 自私的
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[ 特别注意]
ed 形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为
“感到……的”，通常修饰人；ing 形容词多表示主语所具 有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。
Contents
考什么 学什么 明确方向——备考省时高效
怎么考 怎么解
掌握“套路”——解题有径可
寻
么
学
什
么
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命题点一 动词、形容词转换为
名词
[全析考法]
单句语法填空/单句改错
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pollution (pollute) 1．(2018· 全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ________
语法填空 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换(课件)高考英语二轮复习
tea industry. 【答案】largest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任 与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级 形式。故填largest。
They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV. 【答案】asleep 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。 sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。 2.【2022·全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them
collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 【答案】meaningful 【解析】考查词形转换。曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，用形容词meaningful，作 宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 3.【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years， Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he
高考英语三大构词法之详解汇总
高考英语三大构词法之汇总一. 转化法（conversion）在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词Let me have a try. 让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了？6. 情态动词，副词，连词在一定场合中也可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法（composition）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。
2021年新课标新高考英语复习课件：专题二十三 构词法
典例
power plant发电厂,chairman主席, postman邮递员 blackboard黑板,high chair高脚椅, supermarket超市 swimming pool游泳池,sewing machine缝纫机 take-off起飞,cut-off截止点,breakdown故障
honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴 safe→safety安全 disable→disability伤残 responsible→responsibility责任
续表
二、动词变名词的常用后缀
常用后缀 -ion/-tion/-sion/-ation
例词
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝会 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论 decide→decision决定 admit→admission接纳;准许入学 attract→attraction吸引 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 graduate→graduation毕业 expect→expectation期望
dirty(adj.脏的;v.弄脏),free(adj.自由的;v.释放), slow(adj.慢的;v.放慢)
hard(adj.困难的;adv.努力地),high(adj.高的;adv. 高),deep(adj.深的;adv.深深地)
三、缩写和简写 缩写和简写指的是通过缩写或简写的形式来构成单词的方法。这一方法 通常被称为缩略法;另外,通过这一方法所构成的单词的特点是读音和拼写 发生了变化,但是词义和词性均保持不变。
英语构词法常用的词根词缀总结
英语词汇构词法及相应的词根词缀构词法是组成单词的一种方法,它有其清晰严谨的结构形式,本身有规律可循。
利用构词法记忆单词,可以记忆成串、举一反三。
构词法已在历届高考试题中大量应用。
掌握和运用构词法,对高考取得好成绩有一定的保证。
英语最基本的构词法有三种:派生(Derivation),合成(Compounding)和转化(Conversion)。
1. 派生法(也称词缀法)派生法(也称词缀法),即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀,构成另一个单词的构词法。
添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀,它一般不改变原词的词性,只改变其词义。
添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀,它改变了原词的词性,有时也改变其词义。
如:以形容词happy(幸福的)为词根,加前缀un-就是其反义词unhappy(不幸的);加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式happily(幸福地);加后缀ness,就是其名词形式happiness (幸福)。
同样还可以得到unhappily和unhappiness。
再如:动词care(关心),加后缀-ful,就是其形容词形式careful(细心的),接着再加上后缀-ly,就是其副词形式carefully(仔细地);如果在care后加-ness,就是其名词形式careness(小心);在它的后边再加上-less,就是careful的反义词careless(粗心的),如果在careless后加后缀-ly,就是其副词形式carelessly(粗心地),在careless后加后缀-ness,就是careless的名词形式carelessness(粗心) 。
前缀、后缀是构词的要素,具有一定的作用和意义。
懂得了前后缀的含义,就容易了解由前(后)缀和词根结合而成的单词的意义。
现把英语中我们常见的前后缀列举如下:1)前缀anti-反对: antisocial反社会的auto-自: automobile小汽车,autonomy自治bi-双: biannual 一年两次的, bicycle自行车by-在旁:bystander 旁观者, by-product副产品co- 同: co-operation合作,co-existence共处,co-worker同事counter-反:counter-attack反攻,counter-revolutionary反革命的dis-否定,除去: discover发现,disorder混乱,杂乱en-使成为: enable使能够,enslave奴役, encourage鼓励extra-外: extraordinary非常的,格外的for-,fore-,先,前,预: forward向前,foresee 预见,forearm前臂,foretaste先尝for-禁,弃: forbid禁止,forget忘记,forgo放弃in-,il-,im-,ir-不,非: informal非正式的,incomplete不完全的,indefinite不定的,illegal非法的,immoral不道德的,irregular不规则的inter-间,相互:internationalism国际主义,interview会见micro-微: microscope显微镜,microfilm微型胶片mid-中:midday 中午,midnight夜半,mid-autumn中秋的mis-误: misunderstand 误会,misuse误用,misfortune不幸non-非,不:non-moral非道德范围内的,nonsense胡言,nonexistent不存在的post-后于: postwar战后的pre-先于: prewar战前的re-重,再,复: rewrite重写, return返回, review复习super-上,超: superman超人,supermarket 超级商场tele-远: telephone电话,telescope望远镜,television电视un-不: unable不能的,unimportant不重要的,untrue不真实的vice-副:vice-chairman副主席,vice-premier副总理2)后缀-age状态,集合: marriage婚姻, shortage缺少,village 村庄-an人: American美国人,Italian意大利人,意大利籍,African 非洲人-ation,-ition动作,状态:determination决心,industrialization工业化,preparation准备,competition竞争,repetition重复-dom状态,领界: freedom自由,kingdom王国-eer人: engineer工程师,volunteer志愿者-er人,动作者:fighter战士,worker工人,writer作家,thinker思想家,harvester收割机-ese人,语言:Chinese中国人,中文, Japanese日本人,日文-ess女性:actress女演员,princess公主,goddess女神-hood身分,境遇,状态 : childhood 童年,womanhood女性-ian人: musician音乐家, guardian卫护者, Christian基督教徒-ism主义,教:communism共产主义,socialism社会主义,revisionism修正主义-ist主义者,人: communist共产主义者, artist 艺术家-ity (抽象名词): possibility 可能性, ability能力,equality平等-man人: Englishman英国人,英格兰人, postman邮递员-ment运动,结果: movement运动,development发展,judgement判断-ness状态,性质:kindness和善,carefulness小心,correctness正确,tiredness疲倦-or人,动作者: actor男演员,visitor访问者-ship状态,身份: friendship友谊,comradeship同志之友谊,sportsmanship 体育道德,hardship苦难-sion动作,状态: tension紧张状态,revision修订-tion动作,状态: attention注意,action行动-less无:fearless 无所畏惧的,careless 不小心的,useless 无用的,meaningless无意义的-ly品质,的: comradely 同志般的, friendly 友好的, weekly 每星期的-some引起,适于,易于: troublesome 烦人的,tiresome 令人感到厌倦的2. 合成法 (也称复合法)把两个单词或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法。