英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编11
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、 名词解释(总题数：25，分数：50.00) 1.duality（四川大学2006研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Duality refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated there are two levels of structure or patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analyzed in terms of combinations of meaningful units(such as morphemes, words etc.); at the second, lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves, but which combine to form units of meaning. For example, a syllable is the smallest unit that is normally spoken by itself, and scores of syllables become the carriers of hundreds of meaningful segments of words that are called morphemes.) 解析： 2.displacement（南开大学2010研；清华2001研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, scientists can predict the "future" of certain planets that are several billions of light years away from us.) 解析： 3.performative function（武汉大学2004研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons and it can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions. The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized. For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an(every day be safe and happy)as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives.) 解析： 4.parole（北师大2004研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It varies enormously according to individuals. The speeches, the idiosyncratic utterances made by individuals are all examples of parole.) 解析： 5.descriptive study of linguistics(四川大学2007研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：To say that linguistics is a descriptive study is to say that the linguist tries to discover and record the roles to which the members of a language-community actually conform and does not seek to impose upon them other rules, or norms, of correctness, which are in the scope of prescriptive linguistics.) 解析： 6.Glottal Stop（四川大学2006研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Glottal Stop: Vocal tract is composed of oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharynx. When the vocal folds are totally closed, no air can pass between them. The result of this gesture is the glottal stop.) 解析： 7.Voiceless（西安交大2008研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiceless. For example, Consonants(p, s, t)are produced this way, so they are voiceless consonants. "Voiceless" is defined in contrast with "voiced". Consonants(b, z, d)are voiced consonants.) 解析： 8.Minimal pairs（北航2008研；北二外2006研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Minimal Pair are pairs of words which differ from each other only by one sound. For example, the English words bear and pear constitute a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/.) 解析： 9.Phoneme（人大2006研；上海交大2007研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Phoneme is a basic unit of phonological study, and it is an abstract collection of phonetic features which can distinguish meaning. For example, in English, /p/ is described as a phoneme.) 解析： 10.Free variation(武汉大学2004研) （分数：2.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：When two or more sounds occur in the same position without any apparent change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation. For example, the final consant of cup may not be released by some speakers so there is no audible sound at the end of this word. In this case,
(完整版)英语语言学练习题(含答案))
I . Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the scie ntific study of lan guage.2. Lin guistics studies particular lan guage, not lan guages in gen eral.3. A scie ntific study of lan guage is based on what the lin guist thi nks.4. In the study of lin guistics, hypotheses formed should be based on lan guage facts and checked aga inst the observed facts.5. Gen eral li nguistics is gen erally the study of lan guage as a whole.6. Gen eral li nguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic con cepts, theories, descripti ons, models and me thods applicable in any lin guistic study.7. Pho netics is differe nt from pho no logy in that the latter studies the comb in ati ons of the sounds to con vey meaning in com muni cati on.8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful senten ces.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be comb ined to fo rm words is called morphology.10. Syn tax is differe nt from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the comb in ati on of morphemes into words and words into senten ces.11. The study of meaning in lan guage is known as sema ntics.12. Both sema ntics and pragmatics study meanin gs.13. Pragmatics is differe nt from sema ntics in that pragmatics studiesmeaning not in isolati on, but in con text.14. Social cha nges can ofte n bring about lan guage cha nges.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.17. Moder n lin guistics is differe nt from traditi onal grammar.18. A diachro nic study of lan guage is the descripti on of lan guage at s ome point in time.19. Moder n lin guistics regards the writte n lan guage as primary, not the writte n lan guage.20. The disti ncti on betwee n compete nee and performa nee was propo sed by F. de Saussure.n . Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter give n:21. Chomsky defi nes “ compete nee as the ideal user ' ___________of the rules of his lan guage.22. Lan gue refers to the a ________ lin guistic system shared by allthe members of a speech commu nity while the parole is the con crete use of the conven ti ons and applicati on of the rules.23. D ________ is one of the desig n features of huma n lan guage which refers to the phe nomenon that lan guage con sists of two levels: alower level of mea nin gless in dividual sounds and a higher level of me anin gful un its.24. Lan guage is a system of a ________ v ocal symbols used for human com muni cati on.25. The discipli ne that studies the rules gover ning the formati on of w ords into permissible senten ces in lan guages is called s ______ .26. Huma n capacity for lan guage has a g ____ basis, but the details of lan guage have to be taught and lear ned.27. P ______ refers to the realizati on of lan gue in actual use.28. Findings in lin guistic studies can ofte n be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applicati ons is gene rally known as a __________ lin guistics.29. Lan guage is p _________ in that it makes possible the con struction and in terpretati on of new sig nals by its users .In other words, th ey can produce and un dersta nd an infin itely large nu mber of sentenc es which they have n ever heard before.30. Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the s _____ study of lan guage.ID . There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the stateme nt:31. If a lin guistic study describes and an alyzes the lan guage people a ctually use, it is said to be _______ .A. prescriptiveB. an alyticC. descriptiveD. li nguistic32. Which of the follow ing is not a desig n feature of huma n lan guage ?A. Arbitrari nessB. Displaceme ntC. DualityD. Meaningfuln ess33. Moder n lin guistics regards the writte n lan guage as ____ .A. primaryB. correctC. sec on daryD. stable34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______ .A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role tha n writ ing in terms of the amount ofin formati on con veyedC. speech is always the way in which every n ative speaker acquires h ismother ton gueD. All of the above35. A historical study of Ian guage is a ______ study of Ian guage.A. syn chro nicB. diachro nicC. prescriptiveD. comparative36. Saussure took a(n) ______ view of Ian guage, while Chomsky lo oks at Ian guage from a ______ point of view.A. sociological …psychologicalB. psychological …sociologicalC. applied …pragmaticD. semantic …linguistic37. Accord ing to F. de Saussure, ______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech com muni ty.A. paroleB. performa neeC. la ngueD. Language38. Lan guage is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne eti on betwee n _____ and meanin gs.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas39. Lan guage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the im mediate situati ons of the speaker. This feature is called ______ ,A. displaceme ntB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural tran smissi on40. The details of any lan guage system is passed on from one gener ati on to the n ext through _____ , rather tha n by in st in ct.A. learni ngB. teachi ngC. booksD. both A and BIV . Define the following terms:41. Lin guistics42. Phon ology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics45. Psycholi nguistics46. Language47. Pho netics48. Morphology49. Sema ntics50. Socioli nguistics51. Applied Lin guistics52. Arbitrari ness53. Productivity54. Displaceme nt55. Duality56. Desig n Features57. Compete nee58. Performa nee59. Lan gue60. ParoleSuggested an swers to suppleme ntary exercises:I . Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:I. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FII. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. Fn . Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter give n:21. kno wledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syn tax26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)ID . There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the stateme nt.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DIV . Define the following terms:41. Lin guistics: Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the scie ntific study of lan guage.42. Phono logy: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n com muni cati on is called pho no logy.43. Syn tax: The study of how morphemes and words are comb ined t o form senten ces is called syn tax.44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in con text of use is called prag matics.45. Psycholi nguistics: The study of Ian guage with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholi nguistics.46. Lan guage: Lan guage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for huma n com muni cati on.47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm uni cati on is called phon etics.48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arra n ged to form words is called morphology.49. Sema ntics: The study of meaning in lan guage is called sema ntics.50. Socioli nguistics: The study of lan guage with reference to society i s called socioli nguistics.51. Applied lin guistics: In a n arrow sen se, applied lin guistics refers to the applicati on of lin guistic prin ciples and theories to lan guage teach ing and lear ning, especially the teach ing of foreig n and sec ond langu ages. In a broad sen se, it refers to the applicati on of lin guistic finding s to the soluti on of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.52. arbitrari ness: It is one of the desig n features of lan guage. It mea ns that there is no logical conn ecti on betwee n meanings and sounds53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-structi on and in terpretati on of new sig nals by its users.54. Displaceme nt: Displaceme nt means that lan guage can be used to refer to thi ngs which are prese nt or not prese nt, real or imag ined m atters in the past, prese nt, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, la nguage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the i mmediate situati ons of the speaker55. Duality: The duality n ature of lan guage means that lan guage is a system, which con sists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanin gs.56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of huma n lan guage that dist in guish it from any ani mal system of com muni cati on57. Compete nee: Chomsky defi nes compete nee as the ideal user 'n owledge of the rules of his lan guage,58. Performanee: performanee is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in lin guistic com muni cati on.59. la ngue: Lan gue refers to the abstract lin guistic system shared by all the members of a speech com muni ty; Lan gue is the set of conven tions and rules which lan guage users all have to follow; Lan gue is relatively stable, it does not cha nge freque ntly60. Parole: Parole refers to the realizati on of lan gue in actual use; pa role is the con crete use of the conven ti ons and the applicati on of the rules; parole varies from pers on to pers on, and from situati on to situ atio n.。
英语专业语言学历年真题试卷汇编10_真题-无答案
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编10(总分48,考试时间90分钟)1. 简答题1. In English, the phoneme/p/is pronounced differently in words such as pat, spat, or tap. Can you form a rule that can generalize this linguistic phenomenon?（南开大学2010研)2. What are the criteria used in phonetic description of vowels?（厦门大学2010研)Complete the words with suitable negative prefixes.(四川大学2007研)3. rational4. moral5. regular6. political7. effective8. human9. relevant10. legal11. proportionate12. resistible13. (a)List the " bound" morphemes to be found in the following words; misleads, shortened, unhappier, fearlessly(b)In which of the following examples should the " a" be treated as a bound morpheme: a boy, apple, atypical, AWOL（上海交大2005研)14. In English, the suffix "-able" as in "X + able" means "able to be X-ed.(1)Use an example to illustrate this rule.(2)What kind of words can function as "X"?In words like "unthinkable ," the suffix-able means more than " able to be X-ed. " Think of TWO more words of this type.（南京大学2007研)15. What can this rule mean in English grammar? {D}—(-id)/(t)—(北师大2004研)16. What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes?17. Analyze the morphemic structure of the English words gentlemanliness and unlockable, usinga labeled tree diagram to illustrate the morphemic structure of the word under analysis.（1)gentlemanliness(2)unlockable18. Distinguish between the two possible meanings of more beautiful flowers by means of IC analysis.(北二外2006研；北二外2008研)19. What are the advantages of using tree diagrams in the analysis of sentence structures?(西安交大2008研)Please rephrase the following sentences, to disambiguate them.20. Tom and Mary saw the mountains while they were flying over.21. Old men and women are hard to live with.22. They said she would go yesterday.23. The governor is a dirty street fighter.24. We deplore the shooting of the hunters.。
[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编23.doc
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（B）假
3 Language acquisition refers to the process involved in creating and expressing meaning through language.
（A）真
（B）假
4 Structural metaphor means that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc. , as entities and substances.
（A）Competence
（B）Performance
（C）Learning
（D）Acquisition
8 During language acquisition, children go through several stages, during which stage they begin to have sensitivity to the phonetic distinctions used in their parents' language.
（A）language acquisition
（B）applied linguistics
（C）psycholinguistics
（D）pragmatics
10 ______does not belong to Construal Operations.
（A）Attention/ Salience（B）Jugment/ Comparison
（A）真
北京外国语大学英语语言学真题2011年.doc
北京外国语大学英语语言学真题2011年(总分：150.01，做题时间：90分钟)ⅠBriefly explain the following terms. （分数：20.00）(1).perlocutionary act（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).minimal pair（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).distinctive feature（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).linguistic variable（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).lingua franca（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ⅡAnswer the following questions.（分数：30.00）(1).Why do we say linguistics is a science?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).Briefly explain how language is (a) systematic (b) symbolic, and (c) social.（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Linguists have taken an internal and/or external focus to the study of language acquisition. What is the difference between the two?（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ ⅢRead the following paragraphs and then answer four questions.The idea behind the experiential vision of learning is that the use of the target language for communicative purposes is not only the goal of learning, but also a means of learning in its own right. This may clearly involve students using language which they may not have fully mastered, and contrasts with other more "traditional" approaches which emphasize part practice (i. e., isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning) leading up in a more or less controlled manner to integrated language use for communicative purposes. An experiential approach to learning may therefore involve a degree of what Johnson (1982) refers to as an "in at the deep end strategy". Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers in recent decades to the way in which two sets of factors can be combined. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is the acknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. The experiential vision of learning has evolved in a variety of ways since the 1960s and is now encountered in a number of differing forms. Nevertheless, most experiential approaches to learning rest on five main principles which were developed in the earlier days of the communicative movement, even if certain receive more attention in one variant than in another. These principles are the following: message focus, holistic practice, the use of authentic materials, the use of communication strategies, and the use of collaborative modes of learning. (Tudor 2001:79)An analytical view of learning posits that according explicit attention to the regularities oflanguage and language use can play a positive role in learning. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements are combined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularities can facilitate the learning of the language. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e., isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners" ability to put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. At least, two main considerations lend support to an analytical approach to learning. First, in terms of learning in general, the isolation and practice of sub-parts of a target skill is a fairly common phenomenon... Second, explicit identification of regularities in a language has advantages which Johnson (1996:83) refers to as "generativity" and "economy". Mastering a regularity in a language gives learners access to the generative potential of this regularity in new circumstances Explicit presentation or discovery of the structural regularities of a language can therefore represent a short-cut to mastery of this language and support learners" ability to manipulate these regularities for communicative purposes. (Tudor 2001:86-7)（分数：50.00）(1).What are the differences between experiential and analytical modes of language learning?（分数：12.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What serves as the theoretical foundation for the experiential mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?（分数：12.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).What serves as the theoretical foundation for the analytical mode of language learning and what are its advantages and disadvantages?（分数：12.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).How would you balance the two modes of learning in your teaching or learning of a foreign language?（分数：12.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ⅣRead the following passage and answer three questions.Teachers employ different types of conceptual organization and meaning. One level of meaning relates to subject matter knowledge and how curricular and content aspects of teaching are conceptualized (Shulman 1987). Woods (1996) describes teachers" conceptions of lessons as made up of conceptual units at different levels of abstraction. He distinguishes between the following: overall conceptual goals—the overall purposes teachers identify for a course; global conceptual units—the individual subcomponents of the curriculum (e. g., the grammar, reading, writing, and listening components of an integrated skills course); intermediate conceptual units-activities or clusters of activities framed in terms of accomplishing one of the higher-level conceptual goals; and local conceptual units—the specific things teachers do to achieve particular instructional effects. Other constructs that have been proposed to account for how teachers realize the curricular agendas they set for lessons and the kinds of cognitive processes they employ include lesson formats (Wong-Fillmore 1985), tasks (Doyle 1983), scripts , and routines(Shavelson and Stem 1981). Constructs such as these seek to describe how teachers approach the subject matter of teaching and how they transform content into learning. Much of this research draws on a framework of cognitive psychology and has provided evidence of the kinds of pedagogical content knowledge, reasoning, and problem solving teachers make use of as they teach (Cliff 1991). In addition to the curricular goals and content, teachers have other more personal views of teaching (Johnston 1990). Zeichner, Tabachnick, and Densmore (1987) try to capture this with the notion of perspective, which they define as the ways in which teachers understand, interpret,and define their environment and use such interpretation to guide their actions. They followed teachers through their year-long professional training and their first year in the classroom, and found that their personal perspectives served as powerful influences on how they taught. In describing the basis for teachers" conceptualizations of good practice, Clandinin (1985, 1986) introduced the concept of image , which she describes as "a central construct for understanding teachers" knowledge" (1985:362). An image is a metaphor, such as "the classroom as home," "setting up a relationship with children," or "meeting the needs of students," that teachers may have in mind when they teach. Johnston (1992) suggests that images such as these are not always conscious, that they reflect how teachers view themselves in their teaching contexts, and that they form the subconscious assumptions on which their teaching practices are based. In a study of what second language teachers perceive to be good classes, Senior (1995) found that experienced ESL teachers in an Australian educational setting attempting to implement a communicative methodology appeared to have arrived at the tacit assumption that, to promote successful language learning, it is necessary to develop a bonded class—that is, one in which there is a positive, mutually supportive group atmosphere. The teachers appeared to employ a range of both conscious and unconscious strategies in order to develop a spirit of cohesion within their class groups.Halkes and Deijkers (1984) refer to teachers" teaching criteria, which are defined as "personal subjective values a person tries to pursue or keep constant while teaching." Teachers hold personal views of themselves, their learners, their goals, and their role in the classroom and they presumably try to reflect these in their practice. Marland (1987) examined the principles used to guide and interpret teaching, and identified five such working principles that were derived from stimulated recall interviews with teachers. For example, the "principle of progressive checking" involved checking students" progress periodically, identifying problems, and providing individual encouragement for low-ability students. Conners (1978) studied elementary teachers and found that all of those in her study used three overarching principles of practice to guide and explain their interactive teaching behavior: "suppressing emotions," "teacher authenticity," and "self-monitoring." The "principle of teacher authenticity" involved the teacher presenting herself in such a way that good personal relationships with students and a socially supportive classroom atmosphere would be achieved. This principle required the teacher to attempt to be open, sincere, and honest, as well as fallible.（分数：50.01）(1).What could be the title of this passage?（分数：16.67）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).What are the functions of those conceptual units as described by Woods (1996) in language teaching?（分数：16.67）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Discuss the relationship between "perspective" and "image" and between "image" and "teaching criteria" as mentioned in this passage?（分数：16.67）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(Word最新版)
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案通过整理的英语语言学试卷精粹及答案相关文档，渴望对大家有所扶植，感谢观看！有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator主从连词5、“Can I borrow your bike?“ ___ “You have a bike.“ A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化. A、elaboration B、simplification精简C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca通用语B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and the angular gyrus角回B、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and cerebral cortex C、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and neurons D、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and Exner＇s area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition 其次部分非选择题II. Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines “competence“ as the ideal user＇s k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something＇s being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he＇s), Black English can d the form of “be“. 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference,overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) ()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word “bookstore“ is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers＇perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphological rules 35、phrase structure rule 36、relational opposites 37、componential analysis 38、context 39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "linguistics" is derived from which language?A. LatinB. GreekC. GermanD. French答案：A2. What is the study of language in terms of its structure and form?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. SyntaxD. Semantics答案：C3. Which of the following is a branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words and sentences?A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Psycholinguistics答案：A4. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is known as:A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Syntax答案：A5. What is the smallest meaningful unit in a language?A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. WordD. Sentence答案：B6. The process of changing a word's form to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. InflectionB. DerivationC. SyntaxD. Agreement答案：A7. Which of the following is a sociolinguistic phenomenon?A. Code-switchingB. Language acquisitionC. Language changeD. Phonological rules答案：A8. The study of how language is used in social contexts is known as:A. PragmaticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案：B9. What is the term for the systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language?A. SyntaxB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Phonology答案：A10. The study of language change over time is called:A. Historical linguisticsB. Comparative linguisticsC. Structural linguisticsD. Applied linguistics答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and cognitive processes is known as ________.答案：Psycholinguistics2. A dialect is a ________ of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of speakers.答案：variety3. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish one word from another in a language is called a ________.答案：phoneme4. The branch of linguistics that studies the origin and historical development of languages is ________.答案：Historical linguistics5. The use of language to convey meaning is the focus of the field of ________.答案：Pragmatics6. The study of how children acquire language is a part of________.答案：Psycholinguistics7. The process of creating new words by combining existing words or word parts is known as ________.答案：Compounding8. The study of the relationship between language and culture is a part of ________.答案：Anthropological linguistics9. The branch of linguistics that deals with the meaning of words and phrases is called ________.答案：Semantics10. The study of how languages are used in different social contexts is known as ________.答案：Sociolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between phonetics and phonology.答案：Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds, such as their production, transmission, and perception. Phonology, on the other hand, is the study of the abstract patterns and organization of sounds within a language, focusing on how these sounds function in the system of a particular language.2. Describe the role of syntax in language.答案：Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language. It dictates how words combine to form phrases and sentences and how they can be arranged to create well-formed and meaningful expressions.3. What is the significance of sociolinguistics in understanding language use?答案：Sociolinguistics is significant in understanding language use because it explores the relationship between language and society. It examines how language varies with different social factors, such as age, gender, social class, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction. This field helps us to understand the role of language in shaping social identities and in reflecting social structures.。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。
考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编11(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编11(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 4. ClozeCloze(中国科学院2013年10月试题) “Pain,” as Albert Schweitzer once said, “is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself. “ Prolonged pain destroys the quality of life. It can【C1】______the will to live, at times【C2】______people to suicide. The physical effects are equally【C3】______.Severe, persistent pain can spoil sleep and appetite,【C4】______producing fatigue and reducing the availability of nutrients to organs. It may【C5】______delay recovery from illness or injury and, in weakened or elderly patients, may make the difference between life and death. 【C6】______there are some kinds of pain that existing treatments cannot ease.【C7】______doctors can do little in these cases is terribly distressing for everyone involved but is certainly【C8】______. What seems less understandable is that many people suffer not because their discomfort is untreatable but because physicians are often reluctant to【C9】______morphine. Morphine is the safest, most effective painkiller known for constant, severe pain, but it is also【C10】______for some people.【C11】______, it is rarely prescribed. Indeed, concern over addiction has【C12】______many nations in Europe and elsewhere to ban【C13】______any uses of morphine anti related substances, including their medical applications. Even【C14】______morphine is a legal medical therapy, as it is in Great Britain and the U. S. , many doctors, afraid of turning patients into addicts,【C15】______amounts that are too small to control pain.1．【C1】A．boostB．erodeC．wearD．distract正确答案：B解析：boost意为“促进”，为及物动词；erode意为“削弱”，为及物动词；wear意为“磨损”，为不及物动词；distract意为“使……分散”，为及物动词。
2010年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷.doc
2010年四川大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分：46.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.State what you know about the following terms IN ONE SENTENCE FOR EACH;language as interaction （分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.recreational function of language（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.UG(universal grammar)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.fricative consonant（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.IC analysis（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Define the following terms with at least two examples;conceptual meaning（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.radiation in word meaning（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.performative verb（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.conversational implicature（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.linguistic relativity（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、词汇题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)11.Determine the original term from which the following words were back-formed:(10 points)asset （分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.burgle（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.enthuse（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.greed（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.hush（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.automate（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.donate（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.escalate（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.homesick（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.amusing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)21.Why do we need to teach culture in our language classroom?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.What is communicative competence? How should we develop it in our foreign language learning?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 23.Please briefly answer the following question IN ABOUT 500 WORDS:(10 points)Anthropological linguists E. Sapir and B. Whorf claim that the language a people use shapes their perspective of perception, which in turn shapes their thought. The key notions of their famous " Sapir-Whorfian Hypothesis" include " language determinism" and " language relativity". Do you know anything about the notions of theirs? If you do, what is your opinion on it? Please briefly express your ideas in a passage.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编10.doc
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编10一、简答题1 In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?（厦门大学2006研)2 Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects.（大连外国语学院2008研)3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Immediate Constituent Analysis(IC Analysis)(北京交通大学2006研)4 Illustrate "Immediate Constituent Analysis".（大连外国语学院2008研)4 For each of the following pairs of sentences, discuss how the two sentences are different from each other.（南京大学2006研)5 A.His carelessness I can't bear.B. I can't bear his carelessness.6 A.A dagger killed the tourist.B. The tourist was killed with a dagger.7 A.A hurricane killed eight people.B. Eight people died in a hurricane.8 Describe with tree diagrams the transformations involved in forming the question "Does John like the book?"（南开大学2007研)9 What, in your view, makes a text a text, rather than a series of unconnected utterances? What are the implications of your answer for second language teaching?(北外2006研)9 The English sentences given below are ungrammatical. You are required to give the syntactic explanation to the ungrammaticality in each of the sentences.（南开大学2011研)10 * Jack put his ball.11 * I wonder Michael walked the dog.12 * Frank thinks himself is a superstar.13 What are the similarities and differences between a phrase and a clause?（中山大学2011研)14 Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas.（人大2007研；南开大学2004研)15 Discuss sense, denotation and reference, using Chinese examples to illustrate your points.(北外2008研)16 Words are in different sense relations with each other. What sense relation is illustrated in each of the pairs of words below? Add one more example to each pair.(北航2008研)(a)casual - informal(b)intelligent - stupid(c)steal - steel(d)animal - dog17 For each of the following pairs of words, state the principal reason why they may not be considered to be synonyms:（浙江大学2005研)a. man boyb. toilet looc. determined stubbornd. pavement sidewalke. slim skinnyf. move run18 Put the following words in a hierarchical order(you can use a tree diagram if need be)and try to define at least two of them:(北师大2003研)crocodile, mammal, reptile, rabbit, primate, animal18 Study the following exchange and then answer the questions that follow.(南京大学2006研)"Take some more tea. " the March Hare said to Alice, very earnestly.I've had nothing yet, Alice replied in an offended tone, "so I can't take more. "19 Why was Alice offended?20 What is the problem with the March Hare's remark? What is the linguistic issue involved here?21 Consider the following statements. When do we say Statement A entails Statement B? When do we say Statement A presupposes Statement B? Does Statement A necessarily entail Statement C? Why? Do Statements A and D both presuppose Statement B?Why?(南京大学2008研)A. Jack's brother has gone bankrupt.B. Jack has a brother.C. Jack's sibling has gone bankrupt.D. Jack's brother has not gone bankrupt.22 In each of the following sentences, the second part cancels some information given by the first part. However, this seems to result in quite acceptable utterances in group(l)andin very awkward utterances in group(2). Explain why.(北外2002研)Group(1)a．老张有三个小孩子，其实还不止三个。