Unit4-题西方文化导论

“西方经典文化选读”课程教学大纲

教研室主任：高歌执笔人：郭红

一、课程基本信息

开课单位：外国语学院

课程名称：西方经典文化选读

课程编号：

英文名称：Selected Readings of Western Culture

课程类型：专业任选课

总学时： 36 理论学时：36 实验学时： 0

学分：2

开设专业：英语

先修课程：无

二、课程任务目标

（一）课程任务

本课程是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任选课，也是一门综合性较强的人文学科课程。本课程的任务通过对西方文化史的纵向考察和对西方经典文献的深度阅读，使学生熟悉有关西方文化的基本知识，同时，使学生的知识面得以拓宽，思辨能力得以培养和人文素养得以提升。

（二）课程目标

通过本课程的学习, 帮助学生构建西方世界精神文明方面的相关知识，对西方文化主要文化领域的基本状况和重要成果获得较为深入的了解。通过阅读西方经典文献，使学生接触西方文化中伟大人物的精华思想，提高阅读能力和分析能力，进而培养批判性思维能力。通过对中西文化的了解,

开拓学生的知识视野，丰富和完善学生的人文知识结构, 加强学生的人文修养, 提高学生的人文素质。通过中西文化的对比, 认识中西文化的长短优劣, 正确认识和反思中国传统文化, 进而培养面向世界的文化意识。

三、教学内容和要求

Unit 1 Greek Mythology

1. 了解古希腊神话的主要内容和特点。

2. 掌握英语中出自古希腊神话的习语。

Unit 2 Homer 1. 了解荷马生平及其主要作品。

2. 理解史诗《伊利亚特》的主题思想。

3. 掌握英语中出自荷马史诗的语言。

Unit 3 Ancient Greek Philosophy

1. 了解古希腊时期社会状况和主要哲学派别。

2. 理解苏格拉底思想及其主要作品。

Unit 4 Plato and Aristotle

国家开放大学人文英语4 unit1~8边学边练答案完整版

Unit 1 British Cultures

Listening and Speaking 2

试题 1

正确答案是：1．I'd like to see → more of London's streets., 2．I also want to see →

something special., 3．I want to see → some graffiti.

试题 2

正确答案是：1．We can walk along the River Thames. You'll be able to see → lots

of places of historical interest., 2．Maybe, the typical → British phone booths or the

red buses., 3．Graffiti is → part of London's street culture!

Reading 1

试题 1

填空，概述英国电视发展史。

Television broadcasting started in the United Kingdom in 1936 as a public

service 回答free of advertisingIn 1953 the Conservative Government

introduced a bill to 回答make arrangements forcommercial television. This

was opposed very strongly by the 回答Labor and Liberal

Parties, but the bill was passed and commercial television flourishes. Now there is

a collection of 回答free of advertising

西方文化导论_课后习题答案

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek

culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and

science.

Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and

featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling.

Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature,

philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology

which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric

epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek

culture.

Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who

believed that the material world originated in water. His

philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who

assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is

numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.

unit 4 中西方文化差异

第二讲中西方文化差异

不同的社会历史环境形成不同的文化背景。自然，不同的文化背景之间必定存在无法通融、相互对立的地方。而当这种冲突具体体现在语言上的交流时就显得格外明显，成为造成翻译困难的另一个重要因素。英语中有个词叫Crusade，不了解这个词背景的人可能会按照字典的解释把它译为“圣战”，还会误认为该词适用于任何场合。事实上，Crusade源于11至13世纪，欧洲基督教徒为了从穆斯林手中收复圣地而发动的军事远征。这场在欧洲人眼里所谓的圣战实际上是一场侵略战争。因此对于穆斯林人及今天的阿拉伯人来说，Crusade这个词包含了更多的是耻辱和仇恨，具有高度的贬义。这也是为什么布什总统在9.11事件后的反恐战争宣言中引用了这个词，从而在整个阿拉伯世界引起轩然大波的真正原因。

由此可见，文化间的冲突若处理不当，很容易造成误译甚至错译的后果。翻译中的文化冲突主要体现在以下几个方面，要谨慎对待。

一、地理环境

由于英语国家的地理位置特征，无论是历史传统还是现实生活中，英语民族的生活多和海洋打交道，因此在英语中有许多关于船和水的习语；而在以大陆为主的汉语中很难找到相对应的形式，因而对中国人来讲，理解这些表达方式就较为困难。比如：able seamsn可译为一级水平。be left high and dry译为陷入困境。

这些谚语多与水有关，代表海洋文化；反之，汉语有许多关于江湖、山川、四季、农耕等方面的习语，在英语中也难找到现成的对应表达形式，必须按实际含义和上下文去翻译。译为英语时一般用意译的办法。如“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”的翻译即可采取此法。

二、风俗习惯

英汉两个民族的风俗习惯存在着很多差异，在各自漫长的历史发展进程中，形成了各自独特的习惯表达方式和习惯用语，即所谓的约定俗成。为什么汉语中人们讲“食堂、餐厅”而不讲“餐堂，食厅”，为什么英语中人们讲go shopping，而不说go buying，原因只有一个，它们都是约定俗成的(朱永生、邦立信、苗兴伟，200l：1 94)。许多习惯表达方式和习语反映了原语和译语所在的文化背景环境、社会道德和民风习俗。

西方文化导论课后习题答案

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion,

philosophy, literature and science、

Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods

taking human form and feeling、 Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature,

philosophy and art、 It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by

the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of

Greek culture、

Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world

originated in water、 His philosophy was materialism、 He was followed by Pythagoras who

assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the

spokesman for idealism、

西方文化导论

一、概念题

1. Da Vinci ：Leonardo di serPieroDa Vinc i was an Italian

Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician,

scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist,

cartographer, botanist and writer. Leonardo has often been

described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of

"unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination".

He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all

time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have

lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and

depth of his interests were without precedent and "his mind and

personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious

and remote". Marco Rosci points out, however, that while there is

much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is

Unit 4

Unit 4 America as a Collage

I. Topic:1. Is America going to decline like other great nations have before?

2. The Causes of the Decline of Great Ancient Nations

II. Discussion

1. What is a collage?

2. The title of Text A is America as a Collage. How can a nation be a collage?

3. Why do you think America can be regarded as a collage?

4. The author maintains that the Euro-centered American nation is giving way to a new Pacific

civilization -- a type of society unlike any that has gone before it. Do you agree? Why or

why not?

5. Do you agree with the author’s opinion on the non-Western concept of time? Why or why

not?

6. What characteristic of a culture do you think is most attractive for immigrants? Why?

7. Translate the following Proverbs and discuss with your partner.

1) Give me liberty, or give me death.

Unit 4 Do as Romans Do

I. Warm-up

Components of Culture

The term culture has been defined in many ways. Howard defines it as the

customary manner in which human groups learn to organize their behaviour and

thoughts. I define culture as the way of life of a group of people. In that way,

culture is in essence the moulder of human behaviour of a certain group.

Culture has several major components. The first important one is material

possessions, which refer to objects like books or clothes. The non-material

component can be illustrated by the following parts: values, norms, beliefs,

emotions, attitudes, aspirations, laws, and symbols. The arrows in the figure point

in both directions, suggesting that culture shapes these components. In turn, these

aspects impact culture, which means culture is dynamic, always undergoing great

西方文化课程小测验汇总(Unit 1-2-4-6-9+Unit 1-5)-共享版(1)

Unit 1 Fine Arts and Music

Multiple choice questions 1. Leonardo da Vinci was born at the right time, which was called______________? A. Independence. B. Renaissance. C. Civil war. D. Roman Glory. 2. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a _______________ painter of Dutch origin. A. post-Impressionist B. realistic C. romantic D. naturalistic 3. Which of following is not Leonardo da Vinci’s woks ____________? A. Mona Lisa B. The Last Supper C. Die Taufe Christi D. Starry night 4. Which of the following is Monet’s works_______? A. Sunset at Montmajour. Van Gogh’s B. Le Bassin aux Nympheas C. Sunflowers. Van Gogh’s D. The Last Supper da Vinci 5. Which of the following of four principles to stimulate and encourage creative

genius Leonardo da Vinci left is NOT true? A. Study the science of art. B. Study the art of science. C. Study the skill of paintings. D. Develop all your senses, especially your ability to see and realize everything

西方文化导论课后题答案7-11章

1. Please give an account of the setting of the Enlightenment.

The fact that the Enlightenment first occurred in France was ascribed to the deterioration in

economic, political, social and cultural conditions in the 18th-century France. The French people

strongly demanded that the declining situation be arrested and reforms be carried out. Under such

circumstances, progressive intellectuals began to think more seriously about the solutions to the

crises and tried to resort to intellectual and social means. This movement also asked for more

political power to the people as the bourgeoisie joined in with its economic support and thus the

cultural movement tinned with political colour as a bourgeois mark. On the other hand, the

dissemination of scientific knowledge and the influences of British empiricism also immensely