抽象定语从句

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定语从句语法讲解

定语从句语法讲解

定语从句语法讲解定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词表示的)汉语中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.如“The man”、“The book”.如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸” 这就是一个定语从句.代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致.1,who, whom, that 这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,'who'和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)(2)He is the man (whom/that)I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.(whom 在从句中作宾语)注:who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略;whom在定语从句中指人,做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略.2,which、that 用来指物(用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略),例如:(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.(which/that在从句中作主语)(2)The package (which/that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.(which/that在从句中作宾语)注:which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略;that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom 来代替.[1]3.whose (只用作定语)“whose”表示谁(可以为人也可以为物)的(东西)关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语.1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置.3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略;c)被形容词最高级修饰时;既有人又有物时;e)整个句中前面已有“which”,“wh”行关系副词:在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/ on/ in/…… whi ch(介词同先行词搭配)1. “where”是关系代词,当然也不用“that”引导.By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期.I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方.Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西.2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头.There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话.分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.编辑本段关系副词的用法及说明关系副词why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词(主要是the reason),同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语.如:We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来.She didn’t tell me the reason why sh e refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因.与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略.如:That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一.另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句.如:他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒.误:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语.如:There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了.We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点.注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就用when;如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用when,而要用that, which等.如:Do n’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间.关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略.关系副词where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语.与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where;如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语.另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句.一份整天坐办公桌前的工作.非限制性定语从句意义:非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,4. 有时as也可用作关系代词5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用于在从句中做主语whom指人注意:关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替,可省略.如果在从句中做宾语,就用“whom”或“who”.which 、that 通常指人也可指物在定语从句中做定语,表所有.“whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替:that指人时相当于“who”或者“whom”;指物时,相当于“which”当前头有最高级序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”.在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略. when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用. 介词和关系代词1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略.2)“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语,且可以省略.例如:(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略.= The school in which he once studied is veryfamous.“which”不可省略.(2)Tomorrow I will bring here 用,如:look for, look after, take care of等.T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T=正确)F This is the watch for which I am looking.(F=错误)2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用“whom”,不可用“who”或者“that”;指物时用“which”,不能用“that”;关系代词是所有格时用“whose”(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)The man famous.(2)I bought many books yesterday, three of which arewritten by Lu Xun.关系代词关系代词(一般情况下)“that”可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语. “which”指物,在从句句中作主语;“whom”在从句中作宾语;“why”在从句中修语,先行词通常是“the reason”;有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替.例:A doctor who looks after people's health.主语谓语先行词定语从句修饰先行词判断介词和关系代词方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如:This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.判断改错:(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one,解析:主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A. 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(“where”地点状语,“when”时间状语,“why”原因状语).编辑本段关系词的选择只用that不用which 1)当先行词是或被序数词,最高级,不定代词修饰时,关系词用that不用which.2)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.3)当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one 等词时,用that不用which.4)当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.5)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that只用who不用that 1)如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that.2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.只用which不用that 1)当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.This the one of which I'm speaking.2)非限定性定语从句,用which.3) 描述句中一般用which.Beijing,which was Chi na‘s capitalfor more than 800years.4)those +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.5)先行词本身是that时.注意1)there be句型中,指人用who指物用that.2)当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one.2)当出现先行词+介词时,关系词只能用whom或which编辑本段先行词和关系词1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (“what”可以用“all that”代替)但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句.因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有.将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”.An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. itB. thatC. whichD. he答案C.此为非限定性从句,不能用“that”修饰,而用“which”、“it”和“he”都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选“he”句意不通.2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was morethan we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it答案B英语语法上行不通.3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it答案B“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语.但不同之处主要有两点:(1)importance to me, as my own is.在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质.这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词.值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”.(2)动词短语先行成分.这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替.“do”可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替.(3)句子作先行成分.这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句.有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事.二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置.由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容质的which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.2. 动词词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊.3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定“s”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等.4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义.“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词.如:Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.1). “Which”作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略.2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语.如:We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装.如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用“which”而不用“as”.如:He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.5.'as'用法:1).'as'引导限制性定语从句a.'such.as'He is not such a fool as he looks.I have never heard such a story as he tells.b.'the same .as'This is the same book as I lost last week.(区分'the same...as'与'the same.that':两者都引导定语从句.that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个.as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个.举例:①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支.②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样.)c.'as...as'As many children as came were given some cakes.2).'as'引导非限制性定语从句常用句式:as is said above 综上所述as is known to all 众所周知as is often the case 通常如此as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的6. “which”在特殊从定法(1)不用that的情况(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时.(错)The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介词后不能用.We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2)只能用“that”作为定语如“last,just”修饰时,只用“that”.(d)先行词为序数词、数容词,又有物时.(f)先行词指物,在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时,“that”可作关系副词,也可省略.(h)主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时,避免重复要用“that”.举例:Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你在图书馆借的书吗?Who that break the window should be punished.谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚.All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.定语从句只能“that”引导的情况:1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰.This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰.The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.3、先行词是不定代词时,如'all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something'This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.4.、先行词既有人又有物时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?5、先行词被only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”等修饰He is the only person that l want to talk to.6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用'that'Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?7、“there be”句型中8、先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”“that”在作宾语时可省略.(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系. (1)The planeis clear. 同位语从句2、定语从句由关系代for advice.(3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth. [定语从句]介词+关系词1)介词后面的关系副词不能省略.2)“that”前不能有介词.3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的'介词+关系词'结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换.例如:This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?。

高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了!

高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了!

高中英语要考的所有定语从句考点都在这里了!定语从句作为英语语法,在学习过程中属于中较难理解与掌握的部分,也正是由于其复杂程度较高、逻辑性较强、理解难度很大,屡屡让童鞋们在考试中丢分数、失信心、丧斗志!概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

定语从句“三要素”1.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词①指人的先行词②指物的先行词★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which 替代前面所叙述的事情) 先行词2.关系词:引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用①替代前面的先行词(替代作用)②连接主句和定语从句(连接作用)③在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)(2)关系词的分类①标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类②关系代词:在从句中做主,宾,表,定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)③关系副词:在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3.定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子定语从句的分类:①限制性定语从句:对先行词起限定修饰作用。

He is a teacher who works at our school.②非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.比较:He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的10个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in. 比较:Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此时只能用which且不能省略)2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who is the man that is shouting there?②关系代词在从句中作表语时She is not the girl that she used to be.③先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况①先行词是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho is the boy that won the gold medal?③在there be 结构中There are many young men who are against him.④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that / which的区别)(1)用which的情况①在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语The pen with which you write is Jack’s.③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等She did all that she could to help us.②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right,the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.③先行词中既有人又有物时She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which, 另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?4.As引导定语从句用法(1)As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。

定语从句

定语从句

高三语法复习之七------定语从句编号:NO.7 编制人:审核人定语从句(相当于形容词)句子作定语,由关系代词和关系副词引导,被修饰部分叫先行词。

一、分类:限制性与非限制性:限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,而非限制性定语从句只是附加说明,如果去掉主句意思仍然清楚。

非限制性定语从句用逗号与主句隔开。

I have been married to the man whom you met at my home last night. 限制性定语从句I have been married to a man, whom you met at my home last night. 非限制性定语从句二.考点清单:1、关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose,在句子中做主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。

1)、that, 指人或物:Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?The finger(that)I put into my mouth was not the one(that)I had dipped into the cup.2)、which, 指物:A chest’s shop is a shop which sells medicine. (做主语)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful. (宾语)3)、who, whom, whose, 指人,分别做主语、宾语和定语:The comrade who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.Who’s the man(whom)you just talked to?This is the room whose window faces south.4)、介词后指人用whom,指物用which。

高考定语从句

高考定语从句

定语从句1.概念(1)定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词后。

(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

2.关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)3.定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。

制性定语从句或用在介词后时,不可。

1.几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:●that & which:在定语从句中,which 和that 在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样。

只用that的情况.①先行词为不定代词时。

②先行词被few, little, any, all, much, only, no, just, very, last等词修饰时。

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

⑤先行词既有人又有物。

⑥如果有两个从句,其中第一个从句的关系代词已用which 或who,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.⑦主句疑问词是who或which,从句关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。

eg:1.Which is the book that you like best?2.Who is the man that is standing at the gate?⑧主句是There be 结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词指物. eg:There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑨被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .eg:1.The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.2.That's a good book that will help you a lot.⑩被修饰词为数词时.eg:Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .只用which而不宜用that 的情况:①直接放在介词后作介词的宾语.eg:A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.②在非限制性定语从句中.③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .eg:Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.④先行词本身是that, 宜用which .What's that which she is looking at?⑤当关系代词后面带有插入语时.eg:Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑥先行词是those+复数名词.eg:A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.⑦先行词后有后置定语●who & that:who 和that 指代人时,有些情况宜用who,whom, 而不宜用that①先行词为anyone, anybody,someone,everyone, those, all, one, ones, they, he,she, people时.eg:1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once②在There be 结构中和非限制性定语从句中。

定语从句关系副词例句

定语从句关系副词例句

定语从句关系副词例句定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,所以叫做定语从句。

接下来要给大家推荐的是定语从句关系副词例句,欢迎阅读以及参考!定语从句关系副词例句篇1一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如:Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有:when, where, why.二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法:1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如:He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如:The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3. 作定语用whose, 如:(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。

定语从句总结

定语从句总结

语法复习:定语从句定语从句考点1、关系代词that –which; whose;which –as 的法比较;2、关系代词和关系副词的用法比较;3、介词加关系代词引导的定语从句;4、定语从句与并列句的区别。

(一)定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词:who, whom, whose,which, that,as2、关系副词:when, where,whyWhere的特殊用法:如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, stage,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,且从句句子结构完整时,常用where 引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首,先行词之后,起着连接主句和从句的作用;关系代词替代先行词的作用;同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

3、关系代词和关系副词的用法:1)当先行词为人时用who 作主语,whom作宾语;2)当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ,可作主语或宾语或表语;3)先行词为人、物时用that ,可作主语或宾语或表语;4)whose用作定语,可指人或物;这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“the+名词+of which或of which+ the+名词或whose+名词”。

5)关系副词when(指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语,where(指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语),why(指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语)。

(二)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句:从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑。

e。

g。

I was the only person in our office who was invited。

(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。

形式上用逗号隔开,不能用that和why来引导。

e。

g。

Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night。

where的定语从句

where的定语从句where的定语从句:一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词pointYou reach a point where medicine can’t help.你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。

The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。

We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。

注:有时point也可以是具体的地点:Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E.设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。

The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。

二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词caseThere are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.在一些情况下,mighty一词可用作副词。

Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。

三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activityThose successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。

四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situationHe got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。

《定语从句》 讲义

《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中,定语从句是一种非常重要的从句类型。

它就像是一个精准的描述工具,能够让我们对名词或代词进行更详细、更丰富的描述。

比如说,“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

)在这个句子中,“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句,它用来修饰先行词“the book”,让我们更加清楚地知道是哪一本书。

定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,由关系词引导。

关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分,比如主语、宾语、定语等。

二、定语从句的构成定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句三部分组成。

先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

比如上面例子中的“the book”就是先行词。

关系词则分为关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose 等;常见的关系副词有 when、where、why 等。

从句则是对先行词进行补充说明或限制的部分。

三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人,也可以指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。

例如:“The man that is standing there is my teacher” (站在那里的那个人是我的老师。

)这里的“that”在从句中作主语。

2、 which 一般指物,在从句中作主语、宾语。

比如:“The book which I bought is very useful” (我买的那本书非常有用。

)“which”在从句中作宾语。

3、 who 指人,在从句中作主语、宾语。

像:“The girl who is singing is my sister” (正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。

)“who”在从句中作主语。

4、 whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。

例如:“The man whom you met yesterday is my father” (你昨天见到的那个人是我父亲。

高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句

高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句下面就是小编给大家带来的高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句,希望能帮助到大家!高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1.定语从句相当于一个形容词,起定词作用,修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词,决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when,是地点名词就用where。

易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用对于定语从句关系词的考查,首先要确定从句是什么类型的从句,然后再分析关系词在从句中的成分,最后选择正确的词。

要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力,和理解能力。

如果缺少主宾表,要用that或which,缺少状语用关系副词when,where,why,缺少定语用whose。

易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用只用which,不能用that的情况(1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时,关系代词必须用which.如:☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。

这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意:如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首,which就可换为that,如:☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

(2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时,关系代词通常只用which而不用that。

如:☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。

定语从句及五种基本句型

定语从句专题一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如:Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有:when, where, why.二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法:1.作主语用who, which和that, 如:He is the man _______ lives next door.The train ________ has just left is for Shenzhen.2.作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如:The man _________we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book _________ I bought last week?3.作定语用whose, 如:(a) He is the man ________ car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting ________ importance I did not realize at that time.注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。

whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”,如:They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4.作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。

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先行词是表地点的抽象名词有一些先行词,如point, stage, position, case, policy, condition 等,属于抽象的地点名词,需要接where 引导的定语从句。

There is one point where I 'd like your advice. 有一点,我想听听你的建议。

A condition where the parking brakes do not hold will most probably be due to a wheel brake component. 不能按住手煞车的情况最大的可能是由于车轮煞车部件的原因。

You reach a point in your project where you just want to get the thing finished. 从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界:一心想完成它。

I've reached the stage where I just don 't care any more.
我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的地步。

We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.
在我们的处境下可能会损失打量金钱。

There are cases where this rule does not hold good. 在一些情况下,这个规则是不适用的。

This company has now introduced a policy where pay rises are related to performance at work. 这家公司引进一种政策:薪酬与工作表现挂钩。

Have you ever been in a situation where you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? 你是否曾经处于你知道另一个人和你格格不入的一种境况?occasion 后面用when 还是where ?
occasion 作先行词,定语从句引导词:如果occasion
表示机会,时间的话就用when引导。

eg. Occasions are quite
rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 如果它翻译成场合,表示地点, 就用where 引导。

eg. This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take things seriously.
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定语从句
I.Chi nese medic ine can sometimes provide a cure
_____ Wester n medic ine cannot produce any good result.
A. because
B. un til
C.where
D. whether 2.The conn ecti on betwee n Paul of the New Orlea ns
Hornets and James of the Miami Heat has
strengthened during the past seven years, to the
point _____ James thinks of Paul as his best frie nd
in the NBA .
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
3.Sam remembered several occasions in the past
_____ he had experie need a similar feeli ng.
D. why
4.AII the neighbors admire the family ______ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. which C. that
D. where
5.Have you ever met with a situation in your life
______ y ou can't understand others even if they have repeated themselves several times?
A. where
B. whe n
C. that
D. which
6.1 haven 't found a single instance/case ___ a government has successfully contained the growth of illegal trade.
A. where
B. why
C. which
D. that
-7.-Are you familiar with the music?
--Yes. There was a time ______ this kind of music was quite popular.
A. that
B. whe n
C. with which
D. about which
8. As for our seniors in West Lake high school, we have reached a point in our life _______ we are supposed to make decisi ons of our own.
A. which
B. what
C. where
D. that
9. Now we are in a position ________ we have to accept that we are wrong.
A. on which
B. where
C. whe n
D. that
10. The rich, for _____ money was not a problem, wan ted to stay at an expe nsive hotel.
A. their
B. his
C. whose
D. whom
11. --Where did you meet him?
--Well, perhaps it was in the factory .
C. where I worked
D. to which I visited
12. _______________________ Don 't forget the day ____________________________ you were received into the Youth League.
A. when
B. that
C. at which
D. where
13. _____________ The city we visited last year is the one
_____ the famous writer was born.
A. where, which
B. which, where
C. in which, that
D. where, where
14.On one side of the park, there is a patch of trees, _____ a river winds.
A. through which
B. across which
C. that
D. which
15.Saving and recycling are long-term projects _____ determination matters a great deal.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. where 16.In a sports team each player has a clear role,
and there are few occasions ______ members are
confused or uncertain about their roles.
A. whose
B. that
C. when
D. which
17.Those successful deaf dancers think that
dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
18. - What do you thi nk of teachi ng, Bob?
--I find it fun and challenging. It is a job you
are doing something serious but interesting.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. /
19. _____ was expected, he broke his promise once
more, _____ left his friends down.
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