2019年考研英语二试题与答案解析(完整版)
2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版）——跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining t he18of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible nega tive effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1.A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8.A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9.A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.forget D.discover11.A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A.withdrawal B.inquiry C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destructive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17.A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A.whether B.why C.where D.how20.A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences1.A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。
[A]解决[B]保护[C]讨论[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。
2.C解析：本题考查动介词搭配。
根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。
[A]拒绝做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要___满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。
3.D解析：根据原文语境，“painful,uncertainty”均为消极词汇。
4.C解析：固定搭配考查。
根据原文语境，考查短语____sb to sth意为“让某人承受某事”。
因此，C选项为正选。
5.B解析：根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。
结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。
因此为正选。
6.C解析：动宾搭配。
结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。
”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰A选项更符合语境。
7.D解析：时间状语的考查。
结合语境，“___被独自留在房间，学生会....”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。
正选为D.8.A解析：动词辨析。
结合原文语境，由who引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。
结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。
9.B解析：结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。
B为正选。
10.D解析：Discover与上文中的Curiosity相对应。
11C解析：本词与后文的Basic drives的详细说明。
与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。
12D解析：破折号的内容是对前文instinct的解释。
说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。
13.B解析：跟前文的drives相对应。
14.A解析：本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。
15.A解析：从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。
16.A解析：通过后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。
17.B解析：动宾搭配。
18：C解析：of引导的后置定语。
由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。
19：A解析：whether引导宾语从句。
20：D解析：关联对应，对应18题的outcome.SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype,that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all-and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more“educational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21.答案C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。
2019年考研英语二真题及答案
2019 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progressI was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my trainingprogram.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If mytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16 that I need to increase my daily caloricintake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothesfit and your overall energylevel.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D. report12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. requestC. consumingD. disappointing18. A. Surprising B.restricting19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say ―I’m sorry‖; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over atower andtri estorebuilditisengaginginbehaviorthat’snotonlyreparativebutalsoprosocial.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional eq uivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. ―There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,‖ Vaish says, adding that this re vival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can bedestructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humansto atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for lowguilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-pro ne ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.―That’s good news,‖ Malti says. ―We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feelregret.‖21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. intensify a child’s positive feelingsD. foster a child’s moral development22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be .A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word ―transgressions‖ (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to .A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees areconsumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire ordrought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.21.―One of the harder challenges‖impliesA.global climate change may get out of controlB.forests may become a potentialthreatC.people may misunderstand globalwarmingD.extreme weather conditions mayarise22.To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks", we may need to _A.preserve diversity ofspeciesB.lower their present carbon-absorbingcapacityC.accelerate the growth of youngtreesD.strike a balance among differentplants23.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavorstoA.restore its forests quickly afterwildfires.B.cultivate more drought resistanttrees.C.find more effective ways to killinsectsD.reduce the density of some of its forests24.What is essential to California's plan according to para.5?A.To obtain enough financialsupportB.To carry it out before2020C.To handle the areas in the serious dangerfirstD.To perfect the emission-permitauctions25.the author's attitude toward California's plan can be best describedasA.supportiveB.ambiguousC.tolerantD.cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on olderbodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded, ―There is virtually no supply of native manual farmlabore rs‖ in the state. This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more thandoubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the government provides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business. In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico. Without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to movesouth.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent. Rural U.S. communities that might have benefited didn’t.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first twoparagraphs?A.discrimination against foreign workers in theU.S.B.biased laws in favor of some Americanbusinesses.C.flaws in US immigration rules for farmworkers.D.decline of job opportunities in USagriculture.32.One trouble with US. Agriculture workforceisA.the rising number of illegalimmigrants.B.the high mobility of cropworkers.C.the lack of experiencedlabors.D.the aging of immigrant farmworkers.33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in USfarming?A.To attract younger laborers to farmwork.B.To get native US workers back tofarming.C.To use more robots to grow high-valuecrops.D.To strengthen financial support forfamers.34.Agriculture employers complain about the H-2A visaforits ?A.slow granting procedures.B.limit on duration of stay.C.tightened requirements.D.control of annualadmissions.35.Which of the following could be the best title for thistext? Agriculture inDecline.B.Import Food orLabor?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs.Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except we can’t.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets.The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is that it's not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense. Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It's in our drinking water (including bottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.I'm not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-free drinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that's going in the trash as soon as you've used it. I can't imagine not at least trying to minimize my own plastics footprint, whether it's lugging home my newly-refilled gallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-free food, clothing andtoiletries wherepossible.On their own, however, none of these things is enough.Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we're all just guessing at what's going on out there-and that's if we haven't been scared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a huge challenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has been used and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products but requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may end up taking home some packaged items.There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I'm not going to start making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles they come in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendlyproducts.My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India ha s just announced it will‖ eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.‖ There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trashdisposal.De Sombre isn’t saying p eople should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthatto beonly,orevenprimary,approachtochanging widespreadbehavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into p erspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy.31.Some celebrities star in a new videotoA.demand new laws on the use ofplasticsB.urge consumers to cut the use ofplasticsC.invite public opinion on the plasticscrisisD.disclose the causes of the plasticscrisis32.The author is concerned that ―moral licensing‖mayA.mislead us into doing worthlessthingsB.prevent us from making furthereffortsC.weaken our sense ofaccomplishmentD.suppress our desire forsuccess33.By pointing out our identity as ―citizens,‖ the author indicatesthatA.our focus should be shifted to communitywelfareB.our relationship with local industries isimprovingC.we have been actively exercising our civilrightsD.We should press our governments to lead thecombat34.De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change shouldbeA.a win-win arrangementB.a self-drivenmechanismC.a cost- effective approachD.a top downprocess35.The author concludes that individualeffortsA.can be tooaggressiveB.are far fromsufficientC.can be tooinconsistentD.are far fromrationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A–G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41–45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyone in choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an option when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2000 US adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, and Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.― Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,‖ he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home- but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said ADAM Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of home buying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.―Spea king with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.‖ Hampson said.The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside , Calif .―They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,‖ he said.―HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.‖Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst .―Their opinions can change tomorrow,‖ Gurner said. ―Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it theirown.‖This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parentsSectionIII Translation36.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, ―I could write a book, I just haven’t the time‖ Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, ―having a go at the writing game‖. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he has to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.Section IV W ritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him your arrangement.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)参考答案SectionⅠ Use of English【完型填空答案】1. [D] However2. [A] helps3. [B] solely4. [B] lowering5. [D] reach6. [B] depiction7. [A] due to8. [D] immediate9. [C] reasons10. [A] instead11. [A] track12. [D] account for13. [B] adjust14. [A] results15. [C] hungry16. [D] sign17. [C] decision18. [A] disappointing19. [A] because20. [A] obsessingSectionⅡ Reading Comprehension(50 points)Part A【阅读答案】Text 121. [C] foster a child’s moral development22. [B] burdensome23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25. [D] wrongdoingsText 226. [D] forests may become a potential threat27. [D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. [B] reduce the density of some of its forests29. [A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30. [C] supportiveText 331. [C] Flaws in U. S. immigratinon rules for farm workers.32. [D] the aging of immigrant farm workers33. [B] To get native U.S. workers back to farming.34. [A] slow graning procedures.35. [B] Import Food or Labor?Text 436. [B] urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37. [B] prevent us from making further efforts38. [D] We should press our government to lead the combat39. [D] a top down process40. [C] are far from sufficientPart B【新题型答案】41. [A] remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children42. [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decision43. [C] advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions44. [G] assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media45. [F] believes that hom ebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs。
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)
2019考研英语二阅读真题答案及解析(text1)来源：文都教育2019考研英语(二)阅读真题Text1是关于内疚的好处的文章，第一篇文章总体不难，文都教育的英语老师就第一篇阅读答案给大家做了解析，为了方便核对，我们将选项也对应给出。
阅读理解Text1 答案21.[C] foster a child’s moral development22.[B] burdensome23.[D] an emotion can play opposing roles24.[B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25.[D] wrongdoings解析：21.根据题干Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.内容定位到第一段最后一句This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. 由最后一句的this指代词，可知原因在第一段的前几句，根据第一句Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. 和第二句Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. 可知内疚不是天生的，而是和一个孩子的道德规范有关，是通过后天学习获得的。
考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
2019年考研已经结束;为方便考生备考;特整理2019年全国硕士研究生考试真题;供各位考生复习使用;以下是2019年英语二考研真题及答案解析..Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A; B; C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 10 pointsWeighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ;when done too often; this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me; weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass; but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale;I altered my training program. That conficted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level;strength and inches lostFor these 9 ; I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal; it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same; but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight; this is a 16 that I needto increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health; fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morming weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific ftness goals; 19 I'm training according to those goals; not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale; turn your focus to how you look; feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A Besides B Therefore COtherwise D However2. A helps Bcares Cwarns D reduces3. A initially B solely C occasionally D formally4. A recording B lowering C explaining D accepting5. A modify B set Creview D reach6. A definition B depiction C distribution D prediction7. A due to Bregardless of C aside from D along with8. A orderly B rigid C precise D immediate9. A claims Bjudgments C reasons D methods10. A instead Bthough Cagain Dindeed11. A report B share C share D share12. A depend on Bapprove of Chold onto Daccount for13. A prepare Bshare Cshare D share14. A results Bfeatures Crules Dtests15. A bored Banxious Chungry D sick16. A principle Bsecret Cbelief Dsign17. A request Bnecessity Cdecision Dwish18. A disappointing Bsurprising Crestricting Dconsuming19. A if because Bunless Cuntil Dconsuming20. A obsessing Bdominating Cpuzzling Dtriumphing1-20参考答案：1、答案C However解析此处考察逻辑关系..首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显着的的体重波动的好方法..空格所在句指出：____;如果太频繁;这种习惯有时会造成损害..前文wonderful way好方法与后文hurt 损害形成转折关系;故填入however然而..另外;however也是考研完形填空中的高频词..其他选项：therefore因此;otherwise否则和besides此外此处不符合语境;故正确答案为C However..2、答案D helps解析此处考察反义复现..空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ____这种习惯的坏处要比____多;应该是help有帮助;有好处;与前文hurt损害形成反义复现..其他选项：Cares关心;warns警告;reduces减少;致使均不能与hurt形成呼应;故正确答案为D helps..3、答案A solely解析此处考察同义复现+词义辨析..空格所在句指出：至于我;每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和好动转移到____专注于体重秤..填入solely仅仅语义通顺..另外本句focusing solely on the scale 中的solely仅仅与本段后文thinking only of ____ the number on the scale的only形成了同义复现..故正确答案为A solely..4、答案A lowering解析此处考察词义辨析+反义复现..空格所在句指出：我曾经以增加肌肉含量而增重;但后来只考虑____体重的数量;我改变了我的训练方案..填入lowering减少语义通顺..另外;该句中间有but;说明前后为转接..lower与前文gain weight增重形成反义复现;其他选项：explaining解释;accepting接受;recording记录均不符合文意..故正确答案为A lowering..5、答案C reach解析此处考察成分搭配和语义理解..空格所在句指出：这与我需要训练以____目标的方式相冲突..此处填入reach达到与goal目标形成动宾搭配;且语义通顺;表达连贯..其他选项：set设定;modify修改虽然可以与goal搭配;但文意不符;review评论;温习和goal不能形成搭配..故正确答案为C reach..6、答案A depiction解析此处考察词义辨析..分析空格处所在句的句意：我还发现;每天称体重并不能为我在健身房所做的努力以及取得的进步;提供精确的____;空格处所需的名词需要使句子完整通顺..A选项depiction 描写;叙述符合语义要求;B选项distribution分布;分配;C选项prediction预言;预测;D选项definition定义带入空格后;语义不通顺;均排除..故正确答案为A选项depiction..7、答案D due to解析此处考察短语辨析..空格所在句的句意：需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显着变化;_____改变了你的训练计划..空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成因果的逻辑关系;只有D选项due to由于符合要求;A选项regardless of不管;不顾;B选aside from除...以外;C选项along with与...一起;连同带入后;语义不通顺..故正确答案为Ddue to..8、答案C immediate解析此处考察词义辨析..分析空格处所在句的句意：最____的改变将会体现在技能水平;力量和身高降低;空格处所需的形容词需要和后面的宾语change构成语义搭配;并且适合语境..C选项immediate立即的;直接的符合语义要求;A选项rigid严格的;B选项precise精确的;D选项orderly有秩序的带入空格后;语义不通顺;均排除..故正确答案为C选项immediate..9、答案B reasons解析此处考察固定搭配..for these reasons由于这些原因..空格所在句指出：由于这些原因上文提到的原因;我停止每天称体重..只有B选项reasons原因符合要求;A选项judgments判断;C选methods 方法;方式;D选项claims要求;索赔带入后;语义不通顺..故正确答案为Breasons..10、答案D instead解析此处考察词义辨析以及上下文语境分析..空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因;我停止每天称体重..后半句话句意：而转而改用两个月称一次体重..switched to转而....与选项instead对应..D选项instead 代替;反而符合语义要求;A选项though虽然;尽管;B选项again又;再一次;C选项indeed的确;实在带入空格后;语义不通顺;均排除..故正确答案为D选项instead11、答案A. track解析空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal因为减重不是我的目的;it is less important for me to ____my weight each week对我来说;每周___我的体重不太重要..空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的宾语my weight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配;除此之外;本文的主题是称重;因此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化;因此只有A选项track符合语义与主题要求..12、答案C. account for解析空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me to observe and _____any significant weight changes每隔一周称次体重使我能够观察及____任何明显的体重变化;空格处所填入的动词需和后面的宾语weight changes构成通顺的动宾搭配;同时;该动词还和observe构成并列关系;并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点先观察到体重变化;再来了解或解释体重变化的原因;因此只有C 选项account for解释;了解更恰当..13、答案B. adjust解析空格所在处提到：That tells me whether I need to ____my training program那告诉我;我是否需要____我的训练项目..空格处所填动词需要和后面的宾语training program 构成顺畅的动宾语义关系;除此之外;that指代上文中“观察并了解体重变化”;因此此处应该表明;观察并了解体重变化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目..因此B选项adjust符合要求..14、答案D. results解析空格处所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weigh-in____to get information about my nutrition as well我根据两个月称重一次的___来获得关于我的营养方面的信息..空格处所填名词需和bimonthly weigh-in构成顺畅的语义关系;空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并了解任何明显的体重变化”;因此空格处应该表示“称重结果”;故D选项results为正确答案..15、答案B. hungry解析空格处提到：if.......I am constantly____and dropping weight; this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake如果......我持续___以及体重下降;那么这是一个标志表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄入;根据条件状从和主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系;空格处填入“hungry饥饿”更符合语义要求..16、答案C sign 试题考点上下文语义衔接+名词辨析解析空格之前的“this”指代前面if引导的条件状语从句“如果我运动量保持不变;但总是觉得饿并且体重下降”;空格后面that引导的定语从句“我需要增加每日卡路里的摄取”;根据前后语义;此空填sign“信号”最合理..17、答案B decision 试题考点上下文语义衔接解析空格后动词不定式结构“to stop weighing myself every day”作空格处名词的定语;“停止每天称体重这个_____”;根据语义;此处填decision“决定”最合理..18、答案D disappointing 试题考点上下文意义衔接+形容词辨析解析此空在of介词短语中;修饰名词“burden负担”;根据语义色彩;此处应该填贬义词;因此disappointing“令人失望的”最合理..19、答案A because试题考点上下文逻辑解析根据选项特征看出本题考查句内逻辑关系;前半句话“I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals”我也更成功地实现了健身目标;后半句“I’m training according to those goals; mot the numbers on scale.”我根据那些目标来训练;而不是体重数字..此处应为因果关系;所以正确选项为because..此外;本句话中的“also”表明与前一句话之间的关系;前一句话中的since也表示因果关系..20、答案D obssessing 试题考点上线文衔接+词义辨析解析根据选项特征;此空填入动词的现在分词;其逻辑主语为句子主语you;宾语为thescale;通过上文可知;作者对于“the scale”一直持否定态度;因此此空根据语义色彩排除dominating“统治”和triumphing“胜利”;而puzzling over 表示“仔细琢磨;冥思苦想”;与上下文语义不符..因此选obsessing“使困扰”Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A; B;C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 40 pointsText 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness; fear; and anger; guilt emerges a little later; in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather; they learn over time that such statements app ease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt; in the right amount; to be a good thing.In the popular imagination; of course; guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve;” says Amrisha Vaish; a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia; adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger; for example; may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And quilt ; by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness; can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt; in other words; can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light; guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti ; a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ;suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies; Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt; which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study; for example; Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations; she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins; and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For thelow-sympathy kids; how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more; even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news;” Malti says; “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. foster a child’s moral developmentD. intensify a child’s positive feelings22. According to Paragraph 2; many people still consider guilt to be _______.A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.A. emotions are context-independentB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” Line 4; Para. 5 is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoings21-25参考答案：21、答案C foster a child’s positive feelings解析根据题干“researchers”;“guilt”; “a good thing”关键词定位到第一段最后一句;除此之外;提干中还有关键词“because”; 判定该题属于细节题中考查因果逻辑关系的题目;需要在原文中精准回文定位;原文中第一段最后一段明确出现了“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt...a good thing.”根据代词向前文指代的原则;题干中所问的原因就在上一句;由“Children aren’t born knowing how to say ‘I’m sorry’; rather; they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”;其中的“such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”该品质能够使父母/朋友和孩子自己都感觉更舒适;such statements指代的即为“say sorry”或文章主题词guilt; 纵观四个选型;只有C选项foster a child’s moral development提高孩子的道德发展可以实现同义替换;故为正确答案..其余选项A.regulate a child’s basic emotions 管理孩子基本情绪中的regulate原文未提及; B. improve a child’s intellectual ability改善孩子的智力中intellectual ability原文未提及;而D.intensify a child’s positive feelings加强孩子的积极感觉在原文中未提及;故排除..22、答案B burdensome解析根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题..根据题干关键信息“paragraph 2; “ many people still consider guild to be”定位到第二段;最终锁定对本段第二句话的理解;尤其关键的是对第二句话中破折号的理解;“it is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket wei ghted with stones. ” 这种感觉非常不舒服;就像穿着一件石头做的夹克一样; 对比所给四个选项;只有B 项“burdensome”负担沉重的;繁重的与原文表述一致;故为最佳答案.. A项“deceptive” 欺骗的C项“addictive”上瘾的以及D项“inexcusable” 不可原谅的均与原文表述不一致;故排除..23、答案D an emotion can play opposing roles解析根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题..根据题干关键信息“Vaish holds that …awareness that.” 定位本文的第二段“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking …can serve.”但是这句话是他的观点句;也就是题干信息所在句;本句没有答案;因此;根据线性思维;下文他又继续补充到“adding that this revival is a psychology researcher…..in another ”这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分;即情绪不是二元情感;在一个情境中有利的情绪在另一个情境中可能是有害的; 对比四个选项;只有D“an emotion can play opposing roles” 情绪可以起到相反的作用为最佳答案..A项“emotions are context-independent”情绪与语境无关与原文表述相反.. B 项“emotions are socially constructive”从社会角度讲;情绪具有积极性在文中没有提及..C项“emotional stability can benefit health”情绪稳定有益与身体健康在文中没有提及;故排除..24、答案B can result from either sympathy or guilt解析根据题干可知这是一道人物观点题..根据题干关键词“Malti and others have shown 与cooperation and sharing.”回文定位到第四段第三句：“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.” 马尔蒂和其他人已经表明;内疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径.. 对比四个选项;只有B项can result fromeither sympathy or guilt要么归因于同情;要么归因于内疚与原文表述一致;故为正确选项..A项may help correct emotional deficiencies可能有助于改正情感缺陷与第四段第二句话… that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency内疚可能会弥补情感缺陷不符..C项can bring about emotional satisfaction能够带来情感上的满足并未提及..D项may be the outcome of impulsive acts 可能是冲动行为的结果与第四段第三句…which can rein in their nastier impulses这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动因果倒置;故排除..25、答案D wrongdoings解析根据题干要求定位到第五段第二句话“Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations; she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.” 且位于主句的“transgressions”的前面出现to feel negative emotions;情感属于消极贬义..对比四个选项;D项wrongdoings坏事;不道德的行为;属于贬义词;与其情感色彩一致;故为正确选项..A项teachings 教导;属于褒义词..B项discussions 讨论;属于中性词 ..C项restrictions 限制;约束;属于中性词;故排除..Text 2Forests give us shade; quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce; we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully; there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way; as it does on so many climate efforts; in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture; so they grow and thrive; restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire; fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already; since 2010;drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California; most of them in 2016 alone; and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35;000 acres of forest a year by 2020; and 60;000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit; about half a million acres in all; so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests; but traditionally they've focused on wildlife; watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan; which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year; should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges ;”the author implies that_________.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks;" we may need to__________.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as________.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautious26-30参考答案：26.答案D forests may become a potential threat解析根据题干信息词定位到首段..第一句引出文章话题“在人类对抗气候变化中;森林给我们带来了一个更为艰巨的挑战..”第二句指出人类正在威胁到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力..第三句“The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forest that emit more carbon than they absorb.”为本段的主题句;指出我们人类所造成的气候变化问题最终会使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳;而不是吸收..即森林可能会威胁气候的恶化和人类的生存..故选择D项“森林可能会变为一个潜在威胁..”27.答案D Lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity解析根据题干要求定位到第二段..该段首句中的前半句there is a way out of this trap对应题干中To maintain forest as valuable “carbon sinks”; 后半句提出具体的解决方法it involves striking a subtle balance这需要达到一个微妙的平衡;但并没有说这个平衡是不同植被间的平衡;故不能据此选Cstrike a balance among different plants..紧接着第二句提到要达到这一目的可能需要reducing their forests’ capacity to absorb carbon now降低他们森林现在吸收碳的能力;由此可知正确答案应为D选项..28.答案B reduce the density of some of its forests解析细节题做题的技巧是“准确定位和匹配”..根据题干关键词“Forest Carbon Plan”定位至第三段第一句话..题干中问题是“endeavor to”表示“努力做…”对应文章中“double efforts to” ;因此答案在这个短语之后即“thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest”表示的意思是使“森林里部分小树变稀疏;清理部分灌木”;这与选项C中的“reduce the density of some of it s fforests”即“降低森林的密度”一致..因此正确答案选C..29. 答案A To handle the areas inserious danger first解析根据题目定位到第5段;题目What is essential to California's plan 中的essential可回文定位;对应原文中的so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought的vital;其后的prioritize对应选项中的handle…first;areas at greatest risk对应选项中的the areas in serious danger;故正确选项为A..30.答案C supportive解析根据题干关键词“attitude”;可确定是态度题..做态度题的核心是把握明显感情色彩的关键词;即可快速得出答案..而在文章的最后一段;往往会出现本文的结论;容易出现感情色彩的关键词..根据最后一段最后一句;California's plan; which is ……; should serv e as a model California的计划应该能够起到榜样作用;model是一个积极色彩的词汇;所以答案选B supportive 支持的..Text 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration; and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market; the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change; American businesses; communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S.; the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers; while still predominantly born in Mexico; are more likely to be settled; rather than migrating; and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century; about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now; more than half are. Andcrop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers wo n’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn; cotton; rice; soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized; but many high-value; labor-intensive crops; such as strawberries; need labor. Even dairy farms; where robots currently do only a small share of milking; have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result; farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using theH-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012; requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap; unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work; which is limited to 66;000 annually. Even so; employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome; expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids; which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey ;71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000; 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later; the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect; the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphsA.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farmingA. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this textA. U.S. Agriculture in DeclineB. Import Food or LaborC. America Saved by MexicoD. Manpower vs. Automation31-35参考答案：31、答案C Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers解析根据题干提示词first two paragraphs可知本题依据文章前两段命制;为双段推理型题目..快速扫读可知前两段大意为：美国针对外来农民所定移民规则中存在一些问题;并指出如不及时解决美国商业;社会以及消费者都会受到影响..比对选项可直接判断正确选项为C项;其余选项均属无中生有;直接排除..32、答案D the aging of immigrant farm workers解析细节推理题..根据题干中的trouble; U.S. agricultural workforce以及段落序列定位到文中第三段第二句..定位段第三至七句都在论证第二句的内容;其中第三句论证的是劳动力的来源及其倾向;第四至七句论证的是劳动力在变老并指出picking crops is hard on older bodies. 与选项D吻合..选项A中的rising及illegal属于无中生有;选项B中的high mobility与定位段中的farm labors are more likely to be settled rather than immigrating矛盾;选项C属无中生有..33、答案B To get native U.S. workers back to farming.解析细节题..根据题干中的much-argued solution to the labor shortage定位到第三段最后一句;其中oft-debated对应原文的much-argued;solution对应原文的cure;剩余信息出答案;冒号解释了这个经常被谈论的方法：美国本国工人不会重返农场..说明本身的解决方法是让美国本国工人回到农场;与选项B一致..A选项attract younger laborers在文章未体现;文章只是提到现在的farm laborer在老龄化..C选项出现在文章的第四段;文章只是说在high-value crops上需要劳动力..在乳牛场机器人只做了一小部分工作..选项将两部分杂糅在一起了..D选项中financial support在文中未提及;属于无中生有..34、答案A slow granting procedures解析因果细节题..根据题干中的具体信息;agricultural employers;complain;about the H-2Avisa..回文定位到第六段..根据具体信息定位到第六段的;Employe rs complain they aren’t given all the workers they need.这句话是抱怨的内容;文中问的是原因;紧接着下面一句话;the process is cumbersome;expensive;and unreliable.并且在这句话后面one survey 是例子..根据例子证明论点;下面的例子和前面的the process这句话表达的观点是一致的..同时;在例子中有for的同义词lead to;导致了arrive on the job 22 days late. Delay;late 对应选项中的slow;procedure对应process..所以选A.. B中的limit;原文后面跟着是人数66;000;偷换概念..C中的request出现在例子中;说的是visa rose sharply..D项文中未提及;无中生有..35、答案B Import Food or Labor解析主旨题..文章第一段明确指出美国农民面临劳动力短缺的问题;而这一问题的根源在于针对农场工人的移民制度..二段和三段分析了移民签证和移民现状的冲突..第四段指出机械化并不能解决该问题..第五和六段分析了现在农场工人所依赖的H-2A签证政策也没能有助于解决劳动力短缺..第七段通过研究调查再次确定了劳动力短缺的问题..最后一段总结指出解决方案;美国要么进口食品;要么进口农场劳动力bor为本文中复现的主题词..故正确答案为B选项..A选项中的decline夸大概念..C选项中的saved 无中生有;D选项中的Automation断章取义;且与原文表述相反..Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger; Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day — encouraging you; the consumer; to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.。
卓顶精文2019考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)分析.doc
2019考研英语二真题及答案（完整版）分析2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题及答案（完整版）（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）SectionIUseofEnglishDiYections:YeadthefollowingteGt.ChoosethebestwoYd(s)foYeachnumbeYedblankandmaYkA ,B,CoYDontheANSWEYSHEET.(10points)HappypeoplewoYkdiffeYently.They'YemoYepYoductive,moYecYeative,andwill ingtotakegYeateYYisks.AndnewYeseaYchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluen ce1fiYmswoYk,too.CompanieslocatedinplacewithhappieYpeopleinvestmoYe,accoYdingtoaYecent YeseaYchpapeY.2,fiYmsinhappyplacesspendmoYeonY&D(YeseaYchanddevelopme nt).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflongeY-teYmthinking3foYm akinginvestmentfoYthefutuYe.TheYeseaYcheYswantedtoknowifthe4andinclinationfoYYisk-takingthatcomew ithhappinesswould5thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycompaYedU.S.cities'av eYagehappiness6byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytYad edfiYmsinthoseaYeas.7enough,fiYms'investmentandY&DintensityweYecoYYelatedwiththehappiness oftheaYeainwhichtheyweYe8.ButitisYeallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestm 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2019年考研英语二真题及答案(完美打印版)
2019 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progressI was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every me to observe and 12 any significantconstantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothesfit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D. report12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) mayrepresent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A.regulate a child’s basic emotionsB.improve a child’s intellectual abilityC.intensify a child’s positive feelingsD.foster a child’s moral development22.According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be .A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A.an emotion can play opposing rolesB.emotions are socially constructiveC.emotional stability can benefit healthD.emotions are context -independent24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can bring about emotional satisfactionC.can result from either sympathy or guiltD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to .A.wrongdoingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave uswith forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.21.“One of the harder challenges” impliesA.global climate change may get out of controlB.forests may become a potential threatC.people may misunderstand global warmingD.extreme weather conditions may arise22.To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks", we may need toA. preserve diversity of speciesB.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC.accelerate the growth of young treesD.strike a balance among different plants23.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors toA.restore its forests quickly after wildfires.B.cultivate more drought resistant trees.C.find more effective ways to kill insectsD.reduce the density of some of its forests24.What is essential to California's plan according to para. 5?A.To obtain enough financial supportB.To carry it out before 2020C.To handle the areas in the serious danger firstD.To perfect the emission-permit auctions25.the author's attitude toward California's plan can be best described asA.supportiveB.ambiguousC.tolerantD.cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.In a study published in 2013, economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded, “There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers” in the state. This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive othersunderground.Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the government provides enough, and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business. In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico. Without reliable access to a reliable workforce, more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy, Americans are consuming more fresh produce, which is good. But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere. In 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent. Rural U.S. communities that might have benefited didn’t.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A.discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.flaws in US immigration rules for farm workers.D.decline of job opportunities in US agriculture.32.One trouble with US. Agriculture workforce isA.the rising number of illegal immigrants.B.the high mobility of crop workers.C.the lack of experienced labors.D.the aging of immigrant farm workers.33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in US farming?A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.B.To get native US workers back to farming.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for famers.34.Agriculture employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ?A.slow granting procedures.B.limit on duration of stay.C.tightened requirements.D.control of annual admissions.35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text? Agriculture in Decline.B.Import Food or Labor?C.America Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy tobeat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except we can’t.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets.The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is that it's not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense. Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It's in our drinking water (including bottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.I'm not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-free drinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that's going in the trash as soon as you've used it. I can't imagine not at least trying to minimize my own plastics footprint, whether it's lugging home my newly-refilled gallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-free food, clothing and toiletries where possible.On their own, however, none of these things is enough.Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we're all just guessing at what's going on out there-and that's if we haven't been scared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a huge challenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has been used and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products but requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may end up taking home some packaged items.There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I'm not going to start making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles they come in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendly products.My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy.31.Some celebrities star in a new video toA.demand new laws on the use of plasticsB.urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC.invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD.disclose the causes of the plastics crisis32.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA.mislead us into doing worthless thingsB.prevent us from making further effortsC.weaken our sense of accomplishmentD.suppress our desire for success33.By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates thatA.our focus should be shifted to community welfareB.our relationship with local industries is improvingC.we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD.We should press our governments to lead the combat34.De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost- effective approachD. a top down process35.The author concludes that individual effortsA.can be too aggressiveB.are far from sufficientC.can be too inconsistentD.are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading fromthe list A–G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41–45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Five ways to make conversation with anyone in choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand: a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an option when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2000 US adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, and Ryan Hooper, a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“ Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,” he said.Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home- but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home- without actually getting a choice in the matter, said ADAM Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.Many of the aspects of home buying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“ Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.” Hampson said.The other issue is that many children - especially older ones - may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside , Calif .“ They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said.“HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter , it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,” Gurner said. “Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best - and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.Section III Translation36.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It is easy to underestimate English writer James Herriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that are might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say, “I could write a book, I just haven’t the time” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to popular opinion did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”. While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final polished work that he has to the world was the result of years of practicing, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Write him an email to1)suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2)tell him your arrangement.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)参考答案SectionⅠ Use of English【完型填空答案】1. [D] However2. [A] helps3. [B] solely4. [B] lowering5. [D] reach6. [B] depiction7. [A] due to8. [D] immediate9. [C] reasons10. [A] instead11. [A] track12. [D] account for13. [B] adjust14. [A] results15. [C] hungry16. [D] sign17. [C] decision18. [A] disappointing19. [A] because20. [A] obsessingSectionⅠ Reading Comprehension(50 points) Part A【阅读答案】Text 121. [C] foster a child’s moral development22. [B] burdensome23. [D] an emotion can play opposing roles24. [B] can result from either sympahty or guilt25. [D] wrongdoingsText 226. [D] forests may become a potential threat27. [D] lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. [B] reduce the density of some of its forests29. [A] To handle the areas in serious danger first30. [C] supportiveText 331. [C] Flaws in U. S. immigratinon rules for farm workers.32. [D] the aging of immigrant farm workers33. [B] To get native U.S. workers back to farming.34. [A] slow graning procedures.35. [B] Import Food or Labor?Text 436. [B] urge consumers to cut the use of plastics37. [B] prevent us from making further efforts38. [D] We should press our government to lead the combat39. [D] a top down process40. [C] are far from sufficientPart B【新题型答案】41. [A] remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children42. [D] thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decision43. [C] advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions44. [G] assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media45. [F] believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than their opinions.Section Ⅰ Translation【翻译答案】我们很容易低估英国作家吉米·哈利。
2019-2017年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2019年考研英语二真题SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the followingthe best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on theANSWER SHEET.(10points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations.1,when done too often,this habit can sometimes hurt more than it2.As for me,weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing3on the scale.That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass,but thinking only of4the number on the scale,I altered my training program.That conflicted with how I needed to train to5my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate6of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym.It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in weight7altering your training program.The most8changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost.For these9,I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule10. Since weight loss is not my goal,it is less important for me to11my weight each week.Weighing every other week allows me to observe and12any significant weight changes.That tells me whether I need to13my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in14to get information about my nutrition as well.If my training intensity remains the same,but I’m constantly15and dropping weight,this is a16that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The17to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health,fitness and well-being.I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a18morning weigh-in.I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals,19I’m training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale.Rather than20over the scale,turn your focus to how you look,feel,how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution7.[A]due to[B]regardless of[C]aside from8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again11.[A]report[B]track[C]overlook12.[A]depend on[B]approve of[C]hold onto13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting19.[A] B ecause[B]unless[C]until20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling [D]However [D]reduces [D]formally [D]accepting [D]reach [D]prediction [D]along with [D]immediate [D]methods [D]indeed [D]conceal [D]account for [D]prepare [D]tests [D]sick [D]sign [D]wish [D]consuming [D] if[D]triumphingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emerges a little later,in conjunction with a child's growing grasp of social and moral norms.Children aren’t born knowing how to say“I’m sorry”;rather,they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends--and their own consciences.This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt,in the right amount,to be a good thing.In the popular imagination,of course,guilt still gets a bad rap.It is deeply uncomfortable--it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones.Yet this understanding is outdated.“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,”says Amrisha Vaish,a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren't binary--feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another.Jealousy and anger,for example,may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities.Too much happiness can be destructive.And guilt,by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness,can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships.Guilt,in other words,can help hold a cooperative species together.It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light,guilt is an opportunity.Work by Tina Malti,a psychology professor at the University of Toronto,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.In a number of studies,Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt,which can rein in their nastier impulses.And vice versa:High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a2014study,for example,Malti looked at244children Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations,she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.Then the kids were handed chocolate coins,and given a chance to shared them with an anonymous child.For the low-sympathy kids,how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty.The guilt-prone ones shared more,even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,”Malti says.“We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret,”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_______.[A]regulate a child’s basic emotions[B]improve a child’s intellectual ability[C]foster a child’s moral development[D]intensify a child’s positive feelings22.According to Paragraph2,many people still consider guilt to be________.[A]deceptive[B]burdensome[C]addictive[D]inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.[A]emotions are context-independent[B]emotions are socially constructive[C]emotional stability can benefit health[D]an emotion can play opposing roles24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.[A]may help correct emotional deficiencies[B]can result form either sympathy or guilt[C]can bring about emotional satisfaction[D]may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)is closest in meaning to_______.[A]teachings[B]discussions[C]restrictions[D]wrongdoingsText2Forests give us shade,quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change.Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce,we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully,there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance.Helping forests flourish as valuable“carbon sinks”long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now.California is leading the way,as it does on so many climate efforts,in figuring out the details.The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest,including by controlled burning.This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity.But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture,so they grow and thrive,restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air.Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects.The landscape is rendered less easily burnable.Even in the event of a fire,fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent.Already,since2010,drought and insects have killed over100 million trees in California,most of them in2016alone,and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California’s plans treat35,000acres of forest a year by2020,and60,000by2030-financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions.That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit,about half a million acres in all,so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels.New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests,but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation.Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon.Califormia’s plan,which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year,should serve as a model.26.By saying“one of the harder challenges,”the author implies that________.[A]global climate change may get out of control[B]people may misunderstand global warming[C]extreme weather conditions may arise[D]forests may become a potential threat27.To maintain forests as valuable“carbon sinks,”we may need to_______.[A]preserve the diversity of species in them[B]accelerate the growth of young trees[C]strike a balance among different plants[D]lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28.California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to________.[A]cultivate more drought-resistant trees[B]reduce the density of some of its forests[C]find more effective ways to kill insects[D]restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph5?[A]To handle the areas in serious danger first.[B]To carry it out before the year of2020.[C]To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.[D]To obtain enough financial support.30.The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as________.[A]ambiguous[B]tolerant[C]supportive[D]cautiousAmerican farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now.Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration,and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S.job market,the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to crate a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S.and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress.If this doesn’t change.American munities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S.farm laborers are undocumented immigrants.As fewer such workers enter the U.S.,the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing.Today’s farm laborers,while still predominantly born in Mexico,are more likely to be settled,rather than migrating,and more likely to be married than single.They are also aging.At the start of this century,about one-third of crop workers were over the age of35.Now,more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along:Native U.S.workers won’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least.Production of com,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat has been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots do a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from2011to2016the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to66,000 annually.Even so,employers frequently complain they aren’t allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A worker to arrive on the job an average of22days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a2012survey,71percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly80percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico.From1998-2000,14.5percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to25.8percent.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?[A]Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.[B]Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.[C]Flaws in U.S.immigration rules for farm workers.[D]Decline of job opportunities in U.S.agriculture.32.One trouble with U.S.agricultural workforce is________.[A]the rising number of illegal immigrants[B]the high mobility of crop workers[C]the lack of experienced laborers[D]the aging of immigrant farm workers33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S.farming?[A]To attract younger laborers to farm work.[B]To get native U.S.workers back to farming.[C]To use more robots to grow high-value crops.[D]To strengthen financial support for farmers.34.Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its________.[A]slow granting procedures[B]limit on duration of stay[C]tightened requirements[D]control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this text?[A]U.S.Agriculture in Decline?[B]Import Food or Labor?[C]America Saved by Mexico?[D]Manpower vs.Automation?Arnold Schwarzenegger,Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you:It’s easy to beat plastic.They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you,the consumer,to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastic crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics.But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with leaving it up to the individual,however,is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved.On their own,taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws,for example,will accomplish little and require very little of us.They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have“done our bit”without ever progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions—a kind of“moral licensing”that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws,we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as“consumers”we must shop sustainably,rather than as“citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s.We shouldn’t expect it to be.In her latest book,Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things,Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R.DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether.India has just announced it will“eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by2022.”There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier,such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment.It’s just that individual actions are too slow,she says,for that to be the only,or even primary,approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual.It’s just about putting things into perspective.We don’t have time to wait.We need progressive policies that shape collective action(and rein in polluting businesses),alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.36.Some celebrities star in a new video to.[A]demand new laws on the use of plastics[B]urge consumers to cut the use of plastics[C]invite public opinion on the plastics crisis[D]disc lose the causes of the plastics crisis37.The author is concerned that“moral licensing”may[A]mislead us into doing worthless things[B]prevent us from making further efforts[C]weaken our sense of accomplishment[D]suppress our desire for success38.By pointing out our identity as“citizens,”,the author indicates that[A]our focus should be shifted shifted to community welfare[B]our relationship with local industries is improving[C]We have been actively exercising our civil rights[D]We should press our government to lead the combat39.DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be.[A]a win-win arrangement[B]a self-driven mechanism[C]a cost-effective approach[D]a top down process40.The author concludes that individual efforts[A]can be too aggressive[B]can be too inconsistent[C]are far from sufficient[D]are far from rationalPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitles from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Five ways to make conversation with anyoneIn choosing a new home,Camille McClain’s kids have a single demand:a backyard.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an option when it comes to housing,and in many cases youngsters’views weigh heavily on parents’real estate decisions,according to a2018Harris Poll survey of more than 2000US adults.While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, reality agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial,personal and long-term effects kids’opinions may have.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process,and Ryan Hooper,a clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves,especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates,said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home---but their options should be considered to regards to proximity to friends and social activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home---without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey,a real estate attorney based in New York.Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process,Bailey said.Many of the aspects of home buying aren’t a consideration for children,said Tracey Hampson,a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita,Calif.And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise,but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside,Calif.“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,”he said.“HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate.It’s not shelter,it’s a lifestyle.With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally,Norris said.Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time,said Julie Gurner,a real estate analyst with .“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say,that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions,but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”This advice is more relevant now than ever before,even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children,despite the current housing crunch.A.remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children.41.Ryan Hooper B.says that it is wise to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions.42.Adam Bailey C.advises that home purchases should not be based only on children’s opinions.43.Tracey Hampson D.thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in homebuying decisions.44.Aaron Norris E.notes that aspects like children’s friends and social activities should be considered uponhomebuying.45.Julie Gurner F.believes that homebuying decisions should be based on children’s needs rather than theiropinions.G.assumes that many children’s views on real estate are influenced by the media.SectionⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points) It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot.He had such a pleasant,readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it.How many times have I heard people say,“I could write a book,I just haven’t the time”Easily said.Not so easily done.James Herriot,contrary to popular opinion,did not find it easy in his early days of,as he put it,“having a go at the writing game”.While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent,the final,polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practicing,re-writing and reading.Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way,but these made him all the more determined to succeed.Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literacy field was no exception.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith,write him an email to Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic.Wrote him an email to1)suggest a specific with your reasons,and2)tell him about your arrangements.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHETE.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1、【答案】[D]However【解析】此处考察逻辑关系。
2019年考研英语二阅读
2019年考研英语二阅读2019年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案Passage OneWhen I was 33, I walked out of my lifelong job at a local newspaper. It was the end of a long process of self-doubt and soul-searching that finally led to my realizing that I was wasting my time, energy and talent on a career that didn't fulfill me. It was a difficult decision, but I had finally decided to start fresh in a field that would engage all my creative and intellectual capabilities.My new career choice was advertising design, a field that I had zero experience in but always held a great interest in. I had been drawing and painting since childhood, so I felt that with enough practice and self-teaching, I could make myself into a competent designer. I enrolled in an online course to start learning the basics of graphic design, and then I built a small portfolio of my work so I could apply for entry-level positions.I quickly realized that while my enthusiasm was contagious and my dedication to my work unquestionable, my lack of experience was becoming a real obstacle to my success. It was clear that I needed to formalize my training and increase my skill set if I wanted to progress in this field.I decided to return to school to pursue a degree in design. After much research, I chose a reputable design school with an excellent reputation and convenient night classes. I started taking courses that were specifically tailored to the needs of working adults. The courses were challenging, but the structure and support provided by the school were designed to help us succeed while working full-time.Now that I’m nearing graduation, I can say that making the switch to a new career path has been one of the most rewarding decisions of my life. The sense of fulfillment and purpose that I feel every day at work i s unlike anything I’ve ever experienced before. My only regret is not making this change sooner.1. The author left his job at the newspaper due to_____.A. his dissatisfaction with the low payB. his desire for a career that engaged more of his talentsC. his dislike of the work environmentD. his wish to start his own business2. The author decided to pursue a degree in design because_____.A. he lacked the necessary skills for his chosen careerB. he needed to formalize his training in the fieldC. the degree was required for most entry-level positionsD. he wanted to improve his work efficiency3. Which of the following best describes the author’s feelings about his new career?A. It is more challenging than expected.B. It is fulfilling and worthwhile.C. It is less stressful than his previous job.D. It provides more opportunities for advancement.4. The author advises other people considering a career change_____.A. not to be influenced by others’ opinionsB. not to wait too long before making the changeC. to start looking for opportunities immediatelyD. to thoroughly research all possible options first5. What can be inferred about the author?A. He is diligent and determined in pursuit of his goals.B. He has a strong sense of responsibility towards society.C. He finds fulfillment mainly through work成就感。
2019-考研英语(二)真题参考答案
2019年考研英语二参考答案一、完形填空1. C.Ho wever2. D.he lps3. A.Sole ly4. A.lower ing5. C.reach6. C.pred ic t ion7. D.due to8. C.im media te9. B.reasons10.D.ins tead11.A.Track12.C.account for13.B.ad jus t14.D.resu l t s15.B.hungry16.C.s ign17.B.dec i s ion18.D.d isappo in t ing19.A.because20.D.obsess ing二、阅读理解21.D.Fos te r a ch i ld’s mora l deve lopment22.C.burdensome23.A.an emot ion can play oppos ing ro les24.C.can resu l t f rom ei the r sympathy or gu i l t25.A.wrongdoings26.A.fores t s may beco me a poten t ia l t h rea t27.A.l ower the i r presen t car ton-absorb ing capac i ty28.C.reduce the dens i ty of so me of i t s fores t s29.B.To handle the areas in se r ious danger f i r s t30.D.suppor t ive31.C.Flaws in U.S.im migra t ion ru les for fa rm workers.32.D.the ag ing of im migrant fa rm workers33.B.To ge t na t ive U.S.workers back to fa rming34.A.s low gran t ing procedures35.B.Impor t Food or Labor?36.B.urge consumers to cu t the use of p las t i cs37.B.preven t us f rom making fur the r ef fo r t s38.D.we should press our governments to lead the co mba t39.D.a top-down process40.C.are fa r f rom suf f ic ien t三、新题型41.D.remarks tha t s ign i f i cant moves may pose cha l lenges to ch i ld ren42.G.th inks tha t ch i ld ren should be given a sense of involvement in ho me buying dec i s ions.43.F.advises tha t ho me purchases should not be based only on ch i ld ren’s op in ions44.C.assumes tha t many ch i ld ren’s v iews on rea l es ta te are inf luenced by the media.45.B.be l ieves tha t home buying dec i s ions should be based on ch i ld ren’s needs ra t her than the i r opin ions四、翻译参考译文：人们很容易低估英国作家詹姆斯.赫里尔特，他的写作风格轻松愉快又容易理解，有人便觉得任何人都能模仿。
2019年全国研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析
2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training int ensity remains the same, but I’m constantly15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for myoverall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. Track B. overlook C. conceal D. report12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessing1.逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到hurt 伤害ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选C however。
2019考研英语二真题及答案完整版.docx
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET・(10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations- 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 •As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing _3_ on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 ,1 stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 , Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Pm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being・ I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Tve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals,not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.l.[A]Besides [B]Therefore[C] Otherwise [D]However 2.[A]helps [BJcares[C] warns [DJreduces 3.[A]initially [BJsolely[C]occasionally [DJformally 4.[A]recording [B] lowering[C]explaining [D]accepting 5.[A]modify [B|set[CJreview [D (reach 6.[A]definition [BJdepiction[C]distribution [DJprediction 7.[A]due to [B]regardless offClaside from [Djalong with 8.[AJorderly [BJrigid[C]precise [D J immediate 9.[A]claims |B]judgments[C]reasons [D]methods 10.[A]instead [B]though[C]again [DJindeed 1 l.[A]track [B Joverlook[C] conceal [DJreport 12.[A]depend on [Bjapprove offCjhold onto | D]account for 13.[AJshare [BJadjust[CJconfirm [DJ prepare 14.[A]results |B]features[CJrules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [Bjanxious[C]hungry [D]sick 16.[A]principle [B]secret [CJbelief |D]sign［解析］此处是逻辑关系考点。