中国矿业大学考博英语真题2017年
中国矿业大学考博英语真题2017年Section ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home. In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women tobe consumer homemaker—cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.A.the growing number of schools in frontier communitiesB.an increase in the number of trained teachersC.the expanding economic problems of schoolsD.the increased urbanization of the entire country答案：D[解答] 本题定位于第一段第二、三句话“The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility”。
由此可知，到了1910年，大多数美国人都居住在城镇和城市之中，工业化和经济生活的官僚化，再加上对证书和专业知识的重视，使得学校教育对经济和社会流动变得越来越重要。
由此可以推出，城市化进程让人们越来越重视教育，通过教育实现阶层流动。
D项符合这一推论。
A，B和C三项文中并未提及相关信息，属于无中生有。
因此选择D。
2. According to the passage, one important change in the United States education by 1920s was that ______.A.most places required children to attend schoolsB.the amount of time spent on formal education was limitedC.new regulations were imposed on nontraditional educationD.adults and children studied in the same classes答案：A[解答] 本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened”。
由此可知，到了1920年，在大多数州，14岁或以上的孩子接受义务教育，学年也大大延长。
A项“大多数地区要求孩子去上学”符合原文。
B，C两项原文中并未提及。
除了要求儿童去上学之外，还有针对成人开设的班级，但成人和儿童并不是在同一个班级里上课，故D项不正确。
因此选择A。
3. Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to illustrate ______.A.alternatives to formal education provided by public schoolsB.the importance of educational changesC.activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programsD.the increased impact of public schools on students答案：D[解答] 本题细节定位于第二段第三句话“Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students”。
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education.A. deriveB. depriveC. dispatchD. divert2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD).A. beneficentB. expensiveC. costlyD. luxurious3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone.A. outdoneB. outweighedC. outrunD. outrivaled4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism.A. presidingB. circulatingC. floatingD. prevailing5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark.A. victimB. favoriteC. preyD. sacrifice6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions.A. break out 、B. break offC. break fromD. break down7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions.A. standB. observeC. abideD. precede8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very .A. obscureB. indefiniteC. dubiousD. intriguing9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A. hesitateB. fingerC. retainD. dwell10. near-perfect English language skills, the students were keen to explore every aspect of Australian culture, from Aussie eating customs to family and student life, popular culture, the natural landscape and the ever-popular Australian native animals.A. PossessingB. AcquiringC. ApprehendingD. Interpreting11. The closing candidate , immediately after the polls had closed.A. confessedB. concededC. concurredD. admitted12. We have to the routine expenditure, otherwise it will be impossible for us to afford a car.A. declineB. condenseC. curtailD. dwindle13. The board of directors have already discussed the subject in the previous meetings and they will handle it in all its aspects.A. in placeB. at lengthC. on endD. off and on14. After the disaster of flood，people all over the village made effort to rebuild their home.A. superfluousB. tenuousC. strenuousD. fatuous15.Written at least 100 years ago, the handwriting faded and certainly became .A. infiniteB. illegibleC. infectiousD. immune16.It is doubtful whether anyone can be a truly observer of events.A. inadequateB. impassiveC. geniusD. impartial17.She was by the lack of appreciation shown of her hard work.A. frustratedB. dispersedC. functionedD. displaced18.The shuttle exploded in the air suddenly and broke into at once.A. diversityB. fragmentsC. doctrineD. drought19.As the society has rigid social , everyone knows his role in the society.A. hemisphereB. contemptC. controversyD. hierarchy20.He was by the noise outside yesterday evening and could not concentrate on his study.A. peckedB. orientedC. perturbedD. paddled21.He is often inclined to in other peoples affairs，which is none of his business.A. manipulateB. lumberC. meddleD. litter22.He was to take over the duties and responsibilities of his father from an early age.A. deducedB. dampedC. diminishedD. destined23.He knew that he would be punished severely because of his serious error. Therefore he away the day before yesterday.A. cautionedB. fledC. chatteredD. civilized24.The evil maimers would be root and branch due to the forceful action taken by the local government.A. exterminatedB. exemplifiedC. facilitatedD. emitted25.He told a story about his sister who was in a sad when she was ill and had no money.A. plightB. polarizationC. plagueD. pigment26.He added a to his letter by saying that he would arrive before 8 pm.A. presidencyB. prestigeC. postscriptD. preliminary27.It was clear that the storm his arrival by two hours.A. retardedB. retiredC. refrainedD. retreated28.This problem should be discussed first, for it takes over all the other issues.A. precedenceB. prosperityC. presumptionD. probability29.He cut the string and held up the two to tie the box.A. segmentsB. sedimentsC. seizuresD. secretes30.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of31.Banks shall be unable to , or claim relief against the first 15% of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them.A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come over32.any advice which you can get from the interviewer and follow up suggestions for improving your presentation and qualifications.A. Take the most ofB. Keep the most ofC. Have the most ofD. Make the most of33. There is a loss of self-confidence, a sense of personal failure, great anger and a feeling of being utterly •A. let aloneB. let outC. let downD. let on34. The recovery and of the country，s economy has also been accompanied by increasing demands for high quality industrial sites inattractive locations.A. renewalB. revivalC. recessionD. relief35. In fact the purchasing power of a single person’s pension in Hong Kong was only 70 per cent of the value of the Singapore pension.A. equivalentB. similarC. consistentD. identical36. It seems a reasonable rule of thumb that any genuine offer of help and support from people or organizations will be accompanied by a name and address, and a willingness to be as to their motive in making contact.A. seen throughB. checked outC. touched onD. accounted to37. I shall the loss of my reading-glasses in newspaper with a reward for the finder.A. advertiseB. informC. announceD. publish38. The poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can adult growth.A. degenerateB. deteriorateC. boostD. retard39. She had a terrible accident, but she wasn’t killed.A. at all eventsB. in the long runC. at largeD. in vain40. His weak chest him to winter illness.A.predictsB. preoccupiesC. prevailsD. predisposesA trade group for liquor retailers put out a press release with an alarming headline: “Millions of Kids Buy Internet Alcohol, Landmark Survey Reveals.”The announcement, from the Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America received wide media attention. On NBC's Today Show, Lea Thompson said, “According to a new online survey, one in 10 teenagers have an underage friend who has ordered beer, wine or liquor over the internet. More than a third think they can easily do it and nearly half think they won't get caught.”Several newspapers mentioned the study, including USA Today and the Record of New Jersey. The news even made Australia's Gold Coast Bulletin.Are millions of kids really buying booze online？ To arrive at that jarring headline, the group used some questionable logic to pump up results from a survey that was already tilted in favor of finding a large number of online buyer.For starters, consider the source. The trade group that commissioned the survey has long fought efforts to expand online sales of alcohol; its members are local distributors who compete with online liquor sellers. Some of the news coverage pointed out that conflict of interest, though reports didn't delve more deeply into how the numbers were computed.The Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America hired Teenage Research Unlimited, a research company, to design the study. Teenage Research, in turn, hired San Diego polling firm Luth Research to put the questions to 1,001 people between the ages of 14 and 20in an online survey. Luth gets people to participate in its surveys in part by advertising them online and offering small cash awards—typically less than $ 5 for short surveys.People who agree to participate in online surveys are, by definition, internet users,something that not all teens are. （Also, people who actually take the time to complete such surveys may be more likely to be active, or heavy internet users. ）It's safe to say that kids who use the internet regularly are more likely to shop online than those who don't. Teenage Research Unlimited told me it weighted the survey results to adjust for age, sex, ethnicity and geography of respondents, but had no way to adjust for degree of internet usage.Regardless, the survey found that, after weighting, just 2.1 points of the 1,001 respondents bought alcohol online—compared, with 56 points who had consumed alcohol. Making the questionable assumption that their sample was representative of all Americans aged 14 to 20 with access to the internet—and not just those with the time and inclination to participate in online surveys—the researchers concluded that 551,000 were buying alcohol online.But that falls far short of the reported “millions of kids”. To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online. Some 12 points said they did. Of course, it's ridiculous to extrapolate from a state like that—one buyer could be known by many people, and it's impossible to measure overlap. Consider a high school of 1,000 students, with 20 who have bought booze on line and 100 who know about the purchases. If 100 of the school's students are surveyed at random, you'd expect to find two who have bought and 10 who know someone who has—but that still represents only two buyers, not 10．（Not to mention the fact that thinking you know someone who has ordered beer online is quite different from ordering a six pack yourself. ）Karen Gravois Elliott, a spokeswoman for the wholesalers' group, told me, “The numbers are real,” but referred questions about methodology to Teenage Research. When I asked her about the potential problems of conducting the survey online, she said the medium was a strength of the survey: “We specifically wanted to look at the teenage online population.”Nahme Chokeir, a vice president of client service for San Diego-based Luth Research Inc., told me that some of his online panel comes from word of mouth, which wouldn't necessarily skew toward heavy internet users. He added that some clients design surveys to screen respondents by online usage, though Teenage Research didn't.I asked Michael Wood, a vice president at Teenage Research who worked on the survey，whether one could say, as the liquor trade group did, that millions of teenagers had bought alcohol online. “You can't,” he replied, adding, “This is their press release.”41．Which of the following is the message that this passage is trying to convey？A．The severe social consequences of kids buying alcohol online.B．The hidden drawback of the American educational system.C．The influence of wide coverage of news media.D．The problems in statistic methodology in social survey.42．According to the author, what is wrong with the report about kids buying alcohol？A．It is unethical to offer cash awards to subjects of survey.B．The numbers in this report were falsified.C． The samples and statistic methods were not used logically.D．The study designers and survey conductors were bribed.43．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “extrapolate”in paragraph 8？A．Conduct. B． Infer. C．Deduct. D．Whittle.44．By saying “To justify that headline, the wholesalers' group focused on another part of the survey that asked respondents if they knew a teen who had purchased alcohol online”, the author implies that ______.A．it is absurd to conduct a survey among teenagersB．the ways the wholesalers' group conducted surveys are statistically questionableC．this kinds of survey is preliminary, therefore undependableD．teenagers might not be honest since buying alcohol online is an indecent behavior45．Which of the following is more likely to be the source for problems in this survey？A．This survey is tilted in favor of local alcohol distributors, who have a conflict of interest with online sellers.B．The data collection and analysis are not scientific and logical.C．Subjects are not sampled in a right way and can not represent the whole Americanteenage population.D．The survey results are affected by gifts to subjects, which can be misleading.。
中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院土地资源管理专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院土地资源管理专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院共招生23人，下设7个专业，其中土地资源管理有7位导师，每人有2-3个研究方向。
二、考试的科目三、导师介绍卞正富，1965年，中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院教授、博士生导师。
曾经任职中国矿业大学研究生院副院长、研究生培养管理处处长。
现任中国矿业大学教务部部长；中国矿业大学孙越崎学院院长；环境与测绘学院教授、博导。
主要研究复垦与生态重建，土地资源调查、评价与规划，国土资源信息化，污染土地修复，遥感与地理信息系统应用。
汪云甲，1960年生。
博士、中国矿业大学教授，博导。
中国矿业大学矿山测量专业学士、硕士，采矿工程专业博士，测绘科学与技术学科博士后。
现任中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院执行院长；资源环境信息与经济研究所所长；国土环境与灾害监测国家测绘局重点实验室主任；江苏省资源环境信息工程重点实验室主任；教育部矿山生态修复工程研究中心主任；测绘科学与技术学科、土地资源管理学科博士生导师。
陈龙乾，男，1964年1月生，江苏省阜宁县人。
中国矿业大学教授，博士生导师，博士后。
主要研究方向为国土开发与整治、土地规划与利用、遥感与GIS应用、不动产经济与政策。
李钢：男，博士，中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院教授，博士生导师。
现担任：徐州市国土资源局局长，党组书记。
一直从事数字化测绘、地理信息工程、矿区土地复垦、土地规划、地籍管理、国土资源信息化等方向的教学和科研工作。
张绍良：中国矿业大学低碳能源研究院副院长，教授，博士生导师。
主要研究方向：主要研究方向为城市土地评价、矿区生态监测、CO2监测等。
近三年，主持国家自然科学基金2项、十一五科技支撑计划项目子课题1项、教育部新世纪人才基金1项、教育部人文社科基金1项等，主持横向课题12项。
获得国家科技进步三等奖1项，江苏省科技进步一等奖1项，教育部、煤炭部、国家环保总局等省部级科技进步二、三等奖4项，公开发表论文50余篇，出版专著2部[雷少刚：博士，副教授，研究方向土地信息技术，矿区环境遥感，国土空间格局优化。
2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy —who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school. The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to. Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why? Human development is based not only on innate biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.1．According to the author, feeling depressed is______.A．a mental scale present in all humans, including childrenB．a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childC．an inevitable part of children’s mental developmentD．something hardly to be expected in a young child正确答案：D解析：本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were‘depressed’until we were in high school”。
考博英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. ClozeCloze（中国矿业大学2010年试题）More than 600 million girls live in poverty in the developing world. Many of them are【1】in school and are not given the same opportunities【2】boys. New programs are aimed【3】helping girls and their families succeed. The unequal treatment of【4】is a big problem in many parts of the globe. But a new campaign hopes to show that girls can be the solution【5】ending poverty, disease and other global issues. It’s called the “girl effect. “According to the girl effect theory, one girl can make a positive change in the world, as【6】as she’s given a chance to succeed. An extra year of secondary school can boost a girl’s earnings【7】as much as 25%. If the 600 million girls in the developing world who live in poverty increased their earnings,【8】could lift the world economy. Studies show that women are【9】likely than men to spend their paychecks【10】their families. With women working, children are more likely to stay in school, be better fed and be healthier.1．【1】正确答案：discriminated解析：空格所在句子大意为：许多女孩在学校里受到——。
武汉理工大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
武汉理工大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Unit 1 SchoolingPassage OneVocabulary1.striking2.slender impeccable3.discernible4.sloppy5.sagacity6.arrogance7.vow8.homonym9.glistening10.fix the blame onPassage TwoVocabulary1. A2. B3. C4. A5. B6. D7. A8. D9. D10.CTranslation1. 我曾经遇到过这样一位管弦乐指挥严师。
当有人弹错时，他怒骂他为白痴”；当有人弹走音时，他暂停指挥，怒吼。
他就是杰瑞·卡帕琪斯基——乌克兰移民。
2. 传统的观念认为老师应该为学生梳理知识，而不是一味的把知识塞进他们的脑袋里。
作业和小组学习都是备受青睐的学习手段。
传统的方法，如讲授和背诵，都被讥讽为“钻杀”，被人反对，被贬为是用正确的方法来蚕食年轻一代的创造力和积极性。
3. 死记硬背现在被作为解释来自印度（印度人的记忆力让人赞不绝口）家庭的孩子在全国拼字比赛中大胜对手的一个原因。
4. 当然，我们也担心失败会给孩子造成精神创伤，削弱他们的自尊。
5. 研究人员曾以为，最有效的老师会通过小组学习和讨论带领学生学习知识。
Unit 2 MusicPassage OneVocabulary1. molecular2. hyperactive3. integrated4. retention5. condense6. clerical7. alert8. aesthetically9. compelling10. undeniablyPassage TwoVocabulary1. B2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. A8. B9. D 10. C Translation1.一项新的研究消除了某些美国人所珍视的观点，即音乐能够提高孩子的智力。
清华大学2017年考博英语真题
清华大学2017年考博英语真题Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. The opinions of his peers are more important to her than her parents' idea.A) friends B) equalsC) enemies D) bosses2. After we join the WTO, the situation that our automobile industry, depends for its survival on government subsidies will be changed. A) financial aid B) personnel supportC) spiritual encouragement D) partial taxation3. My salary has been raised to 100,000 yuan a year. but there is a proportionate increase in my income tax.A) dramatic B) undesirableC) perpetual D) proportional4. Henry David Thoreau used to ramble through the woods before he wrote his most famous book Walden (1854).A) study B) liveC) read aloud D) wander5. Despite the pressure from the president, the provincial government insisted on its autonomous jurisdiction.A) regional B) obstinateC) willful D) legal6. All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been relayed to even' part of the world through satellites.A) received B) reservedC) rebroadcast D) enjoyed7. You must be drunk last night. Otherwise how did you manage to drive into a stationary vehicle?A) official B) policeC) parked D) running8. To create a democratic atmosphere in the company, the manager should always be accessible to his staff.A)fair B) equalC) acceptable D) approachable9. The newly imported machine doesn't work in ambient humidity of 50 degrees.A) approximate B) surroundingC) convenient D) high10. Many students are signing the petition against building a steelworksnear the school.A) names B) agreementC) request D) disapproval11. Your appraisal of the current situation is quite different from mine.A) optimistic B) complimentC) agreement D) estimate12. They are boycotting the store because the workers are on strike.A) looting B) banningC) protecting D) destroying13. In the final contest, two athletes are contending for the championship.A) satisfying B) happyC) competing D) quarreling14. The computer's value will depreciate by half in the first year.A) decrease B) increaseC) keep low D) fluctuate15. China Telecom is about to embark on a major program of computerization.A) propaganda B) finishC) purchase D) undertakel6. The candidate has given a pledge that he will improve the local environment and invest doubly in education.A) promise B) declarationC) proposal D) possibility17. There has always been an epldemic or bike stealing inschools.A) a theft B) a punishmentC) a plague D) a crime18. It is in Chongqing that the next international symposium on environmental protection will be held.A) debate B) conferenceC) seminar D) negotiation19. Many people suspected the existence of extraterrestrial life.A) snowman B) outside the earthC) spiritual D) underworld20. In case your liabilities outrun your assets, you may go bankrupt.A) debt B) enterpriseC) controversy D) bondage21.After the fierce quarrel, they began to have a __________ loathing for each other.A) boring B) reciprocalC) friendly D) standing22. On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to ________the sea waves.A) simplify B) simulateC) help D) like23. The government lacked money because of biting oil________.A) prices B) stationsC) buildings D) revenues24. Though the policies of racial ________had been abolished, manywhites in the South were still dubious about the safety of the communities.A) segregation B) regulationsC) communism D3 extinction25. The proposal was accepted with ________ approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.A) unanimous B) doubtfulC) pleasant D) searching26. Many social services are provided by ________ societies and organizations that do not expect any material payment.A) wealthy B)voluntaryC) helpful D)spiritual27. In the packed hall, the people sitting close to me _________ me into the corner little by little.A) dragged B) drewC) frightened D) wedged28. The police, trying to ________exactly who was at the party are investigating every person concerned.A) ascertain B) arrestC) imagine D) count29. If everybody has arrived the meeting may________ now.A) commence B) criticizeC) comment D) conclude30. The prodigal son ________his large inheritance in a few years of heavy spending.A) inherited B) receivedC) accumulated D) dissipated3l. In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable ________ in religious and social life.A) hierarchy B) powerC) despot D) president32._________ delinquency refers to law-breaking by young people.A) Juvenile B) Green-handC) Amateur D) Institute33. It's necessary to make your handwritings ________ when you fill in an official form.A) reconcilable B) legitimateC) legible D) formal34. She has always been a conscientious secretary since the gal, she entered my company. Tine suggestion that I wanted her to resign is quite __________A) thoughtful B) reasonableC) unfounded D) early35. The ________ meaning of "yellow" is a color, but it can also mean "cowardly."A) positive B) negativeC) underlying D) literal36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.A) the circulation B) a clusterC) the falling D) myriads36. When I stayed in the country, I used to walk in the fields at night and to see ________ of stars.A) the circulation B) a clusterC) the falling D) myriads37. Ringing church bells sets up ________ in the Alpine valleys.A) resonance B) forestsC) church building D) priests38. The students are all from ________ countries, such as Singapore. India Korean, and Japan.A) developing B)orientalC) island D) Christian39. Wouldn't it be easier to move about on the ________ of the mobbed crowd than to squeeze in tile middle?A) consent B) headsC) fringe D) recreation40. When the new immigration law came into effect, the old one was naturallyA) validated B) put offC) repealed D) put upPart III Reading Comprehension(50%)Section ADirections: There are 3 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You loeide on the best choice.Passage IIn the years following the Second World War, the youth hostel idea spread to other parts of the world and the same spirit was maintained. The International Youth Hostel Federation, IYHF, which was to co-ordinate activities in the various national associations, incorporated in its constitution the principle that in youth hostels "there shall be no distinctions of race, nationality color, religion, class or political opinions. This, it should be noted, was at a time when the principles of racial equality and brotherhood were by no means so widely acknowledged as they are now."There is normally no age bar at youth hostels. Exceptions are Switzerland and Bavaria. Where there is a maximum age of 25 and I7 years respectively. Generally, however, the hostels are intended to meet theneeds of two main groups: senior secondary school children, university and schoolchildren travelling with a teacher on educational visits, and aged between about 11 and I8.The principal contribution of the youth hostel movement to the attack on racism is the fact that in the 4,364 hostels throughout the world the brotherhood of man is taken for granted and practiced quietly and without any ostentation.If you walk into the common-room of a big youth hostel in Gracow or Munich, Lahore of Canberra, you will find young people of' every race and nationality sitting down together to share their experiences and discuss the world's problems. As a Malaysian boy recently remarked:" youth hostel is a place where you will never feel lost"In accordance with its constitution, the IYHF has never admitted to membership youth hostel associations in South Africa and Rhodesia, because legislation in those countries makes it impossible for people of different races to share youth hostel facilities.But an interesting new project is under way in Lesotho, with the financial and technical support of the Federation: the construction of a south hostel specifically designed to carry out an educational task in southern Africa by opening its doors to young people of all races from neighboring and more distant countries. Situated just outside the capital, Maseru, the youth hostel will also provide accommodation for young people of Lesotho attending study and training courses.The very, comprehensive statistics maintained by the IYHF show tile movement of young people form country, to country in some detail, it can be seen, for instance, that 10,828 "overnights" were recorded in 1972 by young Americans in tile hostels of Japan. and 3.643 by young visitors form India in the youth hostels of West Germany. Although these figures are small in absolute terms, they represent a network of individualhuman contacts among young people which can influence outlooks and opinions at the grass roots.41. It can be interred from this passage that IYHF isA) an organization where young people liveB) an organization that advocates brotherhood of manC) an organization to protect the rights of teenagersD) an international company42. "Ostentation" in the last sentence of the third paragraph is closest in meaning with_______A) pretentiousness B) outstandingC) obstruction D) declaration43. The maximum age of people staying at youth hostels in most countries is______A) 20B) 25C) 17D) unlimited44. The tone of this article may be described is______A) formal B) imaginative C) humorous D) negative45. All the following statements are true EXCEPT ______A) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are fined by IYHF.B) Only very, few countries are members of the IYHE.C) Countries where youth hostels are segregated by race are denied membership in the IYHF.D) All countries are allowed normal memberships in the IYHF. Passage 2Before about 3500 BC, there were cultures, but not civilizations. Prehistoric men and women created societies, constructed houses, lived in villages, hunted and fished, farmed, made pottery, wove cloth, and created languages. But unlike more advanced peoples, they did not build cities, read, or write. Cities are the cornerstone of civilized life because with them came other civilizing elements, including differentiation of classes and employment, sophisticated religious and political systems, monumental architecture, and the formation of states and empires.Historians usually begin the story, of civilization with accounts of the world's first great writers and city-builders, the Sumerians. Because the Sumerians recorded ideas and sagas and listed the names of their rulers, we know more about them than about prehistoric about prehistoric peoples who left their legacy in stones, bones, and pottery.With the ability to build cities and record thought came the ability to communicate ideas and innovations over vast reaches of time and space. Human beings—who had formerly taken hundreds of thousands of years to learn that a stone ax sharpened on both sides is more useful than an ax sharpened on one side—progressed rapidly from foot travel to horse drawn carts, and later, from railroads to airplanes. With these and thousands of other innovations, people came to live Longer, more comfortable lives.Civilization also brought new ills to humanity. In the 20th century, it brought nuclear carfare global warming, and ozone depletion. More subtly, civilization removed human beings from regular encounters with the wonders of the natural world. Unlike people of modem civilizations primitive people lived close to the sounds and smells of forest and grasslands. They locked at fire and the stars with awe and reverence. Civilization involves the ability to create a new political and cultural world. In the 19th century, the American writer, philosopher, and naturalist Henry David Thoreau noted that this artificial sphere separates humanity from primitive virtue. "Most of the luxuries, he argued, "and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." Thoreau believed that men and women should simplify their lives.Even those ancient pioneers of civilization, the Greeks, mourned the lost innocence. They expressed this sense of regret in the story, of Prometheus and Pandora. Contrary, to the wishes of other Gods, Prometheus brought to humanity the gifts of fire, art, and science. The jealous gods were unwilling to allow men and women to enjoy, such blessings without cost, and so they sent Pandora to the world with a box containing disease, sorrow, and other evils.Thus, human beings have viewed civilization as a mixed blessing. Civilized people have waged brutal wars, destroyed majestic forests, and persecuted religious minorities. But civilizations have also achieved wonders.46. Which of the following represents civilization of people?A) They build houses.B) They have societies.C) They live in a group.D) They can write.47. "Sumerians" in the second paragraph refers to ______.A) a person B) a group of peopleC) human beings D) prehistoric people48. In paragraph 4, there is a sentence given by Henry. Thoreau, "Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts, of life are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances to the elevations of mankind." This sentence means ______.A) Most luxuries and comforts are important and can improve the quality, of people's life.B) Most luxuries rind comforts are not so important for they cannot improve the quality of people's life.C) Most luxuries and comforts are not so necessary and also they prevent the progress of human beingsD) Most luxuries and comforts are too important to improve the quality of people's life49. All tile following represent the negative side of civilization EXCEPT ______A) chemical warfare B) the decrease of fresh airC) greenhouse effect D) the nuclear plant50. In the paragraph that follows this passage, the writer is going to discuss ______A) the importance of civilizationB) the difference between civilization and cultureC) the positive aspect of civilizationD) the GreeksPassage 3One of the foremost authors of the era between the two world wars, Hemingway in his early works depicted tile lives of two types of people. One type consisted of men and women deprived, by World War I, of faith in the moral values in which they had believed, and who lived with cynical disregard for anything but their own emotional needs. The other type were men of simple character and primitive emotions, such as prizefighters and bullfighters. Hemingway wrote of their courageous and usually futile battles against circumstances. His earliest works include the collections of short stories Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), his first work; In Our time (1924),tales reflecting his experiences as a youth in the northern Michigan woods; Men without women(1927), a volume that included "The Killers," remarkable for its description of impending doom; and Winner T ake Nothing (1933), stories characterizing people in unfortunate circumstances in Europe. The novel that established Hemingway's reputation. The Sun Also Rises (1926), is the story, of a group of morally irresponsible Americans and Britons living in France and Spain, members of the so-called lost generation of the post-world War I period. Hemingway's second important novel, A Farewell to Arms (1929), is the story, of a deeply moving love affair in wartime Italy between an American officer in the Italian ambulance service and a British nurse. The novel was followed by two nonfiction works, Death in the Afternoon (1932), prose pieces mainly about bullfighting; and Green, gills of Africa (1935), accounts of big-game hunting.Hemingway's economical writing style often seems simple and almost childlike, but his method is calculated and used to complex effect. In his writing Hemingway provided detached descriptions of action, using simple nouns and verbs to capture scenes precisely. By doing so he avoided describing his characters' emotions and thoughts directly. Instead, in providing the reader with the raw material of an experience and eliminating the authorial viewpoint. Hemingway made the reading of a text approximate the actual experience as closely as possible. Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity, in writing. Hebelieved that a writer could treat a subject honestly only if the writer had participated in or observed the subject closely. Without such knowledge the writer's work would be flawed because the reader would sense the author's lack of expertise: In addition, Hemingway believed that an author writing about a familiar subject is able to write sparingly and eliminate a great deal of superfluous detail from the piece without sacrifleing the voice of authority. Hemingway's stylistic influence on American writers has been enormous. The success of his plain style in expressing basic. yet deeply felt, emotions contributed to the decline of the elaborate Victorian-era prose that characterized a great deal of American writing in the early 20th century. Many American writers have cited Hemingway as an influence on their own work.51. The novel that brought Hemingway greatest fame________.A) Three Stories and Ten Poems B) In Far TimeC) Men Without Women D) The Sun Also Rises52 Which of the following can best describe Hemingway's writing style?A) simple and precise B) bullfightingC) superfluous D) complicated53. According to this passage which of the following is the great contribution of Hemingway?A) He introduced a new subject into literature.B) His writing style influenced a group of American writersC) He proved that one should write about details.D) He said that writers should know what they are writing.54. This passage is mainly, about Hemingway's ___________A) life B) backgroundC) novels and writing style D) influence55. The sentence. "Hemingway was also deeply concerned with authenticity in writing"."authenticity" is closest in meaning withA) author's right B) credibilityC) authorization D) authorshipSection BDirections: After you have read the following passage write out a summary in English with about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary, on the Answer Sheet.It is said that the public and Congressional concern. about deceptive packaging uproar started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Lze. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice, almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity, delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags. and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound quantities of break fast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles and tins are in use more same time and as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work. and net weights hat are used for improving a product's market position.When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply tile price of hard sweets by 2.5,from I dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancyjar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high. when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can't be used for anything but stuffing the garbage can.注：请将概要用英文写在答题纸上。
2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题
2017年西南政法大学英语2017（含答案）考博真题博士研究生入学考试试题西南政法大学考博英语历年试题西南政法大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题学科专业：各专业考试科目：1001英语（100分）考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试题上答题不给分。
试题和答题纸同时交回，否则成绩无效。
基础英语部分（70分）Part I Vocabulary (10 points, 0.5 point for each)Directions:Choose the word that best completes the following sentences.1. A camera takes light rays ______ off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.A. disguisedB. definedC. bouncedD. incorporated2. A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it ______ over time.A. peelsB. shrinksC. hardensD. fades3.If you reveal your friend’s secrets, you will ______ him.A. lureB. disturbC. alienateD. control4.If you ______ your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. conductB. dismissC. grantD. moderate5.He was extremely ______ by the illness of his daughter.A. agitatedB. exploitedC. influencedD. dominated6.The tremor in his voice ______ his nervousness.A. affirmedB. disguisedC. representedD. revealed7.He is unable to find a post ______ with his ability.A. commensurateB. appropriateC. requisiteD. applicable8.Although I tried to concentrate on the lecture, I was ______ by the noise from the nextroom.A. dissuadedB. avertedC. repressedD. distracted9.His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of ______ for his lameness andinability to play active games.A. remedyB. compensationC. treatmentD. comfort10.To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ______ of the humanlife span?。
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。
2017考博英语翻译平日练习(4)
2017考博英语翻译平日练习（4）考博英语翻译部分看起来简单，其实很容易失分，英译汉是肯定不可以直译的需要直译意译互动原则;汉译英则需要意译法以求信、达和地道。
新东方在线考博频道整理了2017考博英语翻译平日练习并给出了答案希望考生们根据译文揣摩练习。
There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditions—a factor that academic critics rarely take into account.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents’ urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School ofJournalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldn’t sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had aten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. I’d fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader—Joyce, Kafka, Mann—so I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” —mean ing something that wasn’t science fiction—and I kept telling them, “ When I’m financially secure.”参考答案1.但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关——一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。