气缸体设计说明书
SR系列无碳钢气泡气缸说明书

Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders5/16" Bore Size Single ActingMounting Style NSingle Acting Spring ReturnFront Nose MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 21/2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 4"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0016 Foot BracketOptional Accessories:L0 7379 0023 Foot Bracket L0 7132 0025 Pivot Bracket L0 7130 0025 Rod ClevisMounting Style RPSingle Acting Spring ExtendRear Pivot MountingStainless Steel Rod Standard Standard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 1121/2", 3"Maximum Stroke 4"Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders 5/16" Bore Size Double Acting Block MountSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders7/16" Bore Size Single ActingMounting Style NSingle Acting Spring ReturnFront Nose MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 21/2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0024 Foot BracketOptional Accessories:L0 7379 0028 Foot BracketMounting Style RSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront Nose MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 3"Maximum Stroke 6"Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders7/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders7/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingMounting Style BFNSingle Acting Spring ReturnFront Block MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 3"Maximum Stroke 6"Mounting Style BRDDouble ActingRear Block MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 12"Block Mounted .75 DIA. BOLT CIRCLETrunnion MountedSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders7/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders9/16" Bore Size Single ActingMounting Style NSingle ActingSpring ReturnFront Nose MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0028 Foot BracketOptional Accessory:L0 7379 0028 Foot BracketMounting Style RSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront Nose MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 3"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for half inch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one half inch.*T o determine lengths for half inch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders9/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders3/4" Bore Size Single ActingMounting Style NSingle Acting Spring ReturnFront Nose MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0032 Foot BracketOptional Accessory:L0 7379 0040 Foot BracketMounting Style RSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront Nose MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*To determine lengths for half inch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one half inch.*To determine lengths for half inch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders3/4" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders3/4" Bore SizeDouble Acting and Adjustable Stroke Single ActingMounting Style KDXDouble ActingDouble Rod — Double End Mounting Stainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4", 5", 6"Maximum Stroke 12"Optional Accessories: L0 7130 0200 Rod Clevis L0 7131 0200 Pivot BracketMounting Style APAdjustable Stroke — Single Acting Spring Return — Rear Pivot Mounting Stroke adjustment in 1" increments to 3"1" Stroke adjusts 0"-1", 2" Stroke 1"-2",and 3" Stroke 2"-3"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0040 Foot BracketBlock MountedSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders3/4" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders3/4" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingMounting Style TRNSingle Acting Spring ReturnRear T runnion MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract a half inch.Mounting Style TFRSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront T runnion MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Trunnion MountedSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders7/8" Bore Size Single ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders7/8" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingMounting Style RPSingle Acting Spring ExtendRear Pivot MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessories: L0 7130 0200 Rod Clevis L0 7131 0200 Pivot Bracket*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/16" Bore Size Single ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersMounting Style RPSingle Acting Spring ExtendStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 11/2", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessories:L0 7130 0300 Rod Clevis L0 7131 0200 Pivot Bracket*To determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0040 Foot BracketNOTE: Piston rod is available w/o wrench flat (at no extra charge).Specify when ordering.Mounting Style KDXDouble ActingDouble End Mounting — Double Rod Stainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4", 5, 6"Maximum Stroke 12"1-1/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders 1-1/16" Bore SizeDouble Acting and Adjustable Stroke Single ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingMounting Style BRNSingle Acting Spring ReturnRear Block MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract a half inch.Mounting Style BFRSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront Block MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Block MountedSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/16" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingTrunnion MountedSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/4" Bore Size Single ActingMounting Style NSingle Acting Spring ReturnFront Nose MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0048 Foot Bracket*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract a half inch.*T o determine lengths for halfstroke and subtract one inch.Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0048 Foot BracketMounting Style RSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront Nose MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/4" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/2" Bore Size Single ActingMounting Style NSingle Acting Spring ReturnFront Nose MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/2", 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract a half inch.Mounting Style RPSingle ActingSpring ExtendRear Pivot MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determinestroke and subtract one inch.Optional Accessory:Optional Accessories: L0 7130 0400 Rod Clevis L0 7131 0300 Pivot BracketSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/2" Bore Size Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-1/2" Bore SizeSingle Acting Adjustable StrokeMounting Style AAdjustable Stroke — Single Acting Spring ReturnDouble End MountingStroke Adjustment in 1" Increments to 3"; 1" Stroke Adjusts 0"-1", 2" Stroke 1"-2", and 3" Stroke 2"-3"Maximum Stroke 6"Includes Mtg. Brackets Spring Load Normal 9 lbs.Spring Load Extended 18 lbs.Mounting Style APAdjustable Stroke — Single Acting Spring ReturnRear Pivot Mounting Stroke Adjustment in 1" Incrementsto 3"; 1" Stroke Adjusts 0"-1", 2" Stroke 1"-2",and 3" Stroke 2"-3"Maximum Stroke 6"Spring Load Normal 9 lbs.Spring Load Extended 18 lbs.Optional Accessories: L0 7130 0400 Rod Clevis L0 7131 0300 Pivot BracketNotes:Series SR Stainless Steel Body Air CylindersBlock Mounted1-1/2" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersTrunnion Mounted1-1/2" Bore SizeSingle and Double ActingMounting Style TRNSingle Acting Spring ReturnRear T runnion MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract a half inch.Mounting Style TFRSingle Acting Spring ExtendFront T runnion MountingStainless Steel Rod StandardStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4"Maximum Stroke 6"*T o determine lengths for halfinch stroke increments, determine length for next highest whole number stroke and subtract one inch.Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-3/4" Bore SizeSingle ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders1-3/4" Bore Size Double ActingMounting Style DDouble ActingFront Nose MountingStandard Stroke Lengths: 1/221/2", 3", 4", 5", 6"Maximum Stroke 12"Optional Accessory:L0 7379 0102 Foot BracketOptional Accessory:L0 7379 0102 Foot BracketMounting Style KDXHDouble ActingDouble End Mounting Double Hollow RodStandard Stroke Lengths: 1", 2", 3", 4", 5", 6"Maximum Stroke 12"Series SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders2" Bore Size Single ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders2" Bore Size Double ActingMounting Style DDouble ActingFront Nose Mounting Maximum Stroke 12"Optional Accessories: L0 7379 0124 Foot Bracket L0 7380 1200 Mounting NutSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders2-1/2" Bore SizeDouble ActingSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders3" Bore Size Double ActingMounting Style DDouble ActingFront Nose Mounting Maximum Stroke 12"Optional Accessories:L0 7379 0140 Foot Mount L0 7380 1500 Mounting NutSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersStandard Accessories with DimensionsSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersPort, Spring Force DataPort Size — Rod Diameter — Spring Force DataSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersMounting Styles Series SR Available Mounting StylesBore Size Recommended Model Description5/16"††7/16"9/16"3/4"7/8"1-1/16"1-1/4"1-1/2"1-3/4"2"v2-1/2"3"Max. Stroke (in.)N Nose mount, spring return••••••••••——6"NR Nose mount, spring return,—••••••••———6"hex rod (non-rotating)NRP Pivot and nose mount, spring return,—••••••••———6"hex rod (non-rotating)P Pivot mount, spring return••••••••••——6"R Nose mount, spring extended••••••••••——6"RP Pivot and nose mount, spring extend••••••••—•——6"D Nose mount, double acting••••••••••••12"DP Pivot and nose mount, double acting,—•—•—•—•————12" (under 3/4" bore) pivot pin32" (3/4" & up) DXP Pivot and nose mount, double acting,••••••••••••12" (under 3/4" bore) no pivot pin32" (3/4" & up) DX Threaded both ends, double acting—See DXP See DXP See DXP See DXP See DXP See DXP•—See DXP——32" KDX Threaded both ends, double acting,—•••••••••••6" (under 3/4" bore) double rod12" (3/4" & up) KDXH Threaded both ends, double rod,—————•••••——12"hollow rodA Nose mount, spring return, head———•—•—•————6"adjustable strokeRA Nose mount, spring extend, cap———•—•—•————6"adjustable strokeAP Pivot mount, spring return, head———•—•—•————6"adjustable strokeAR Air reservoirs———•—•—•—•——12" BRN Rear block mount, single acting,—•—•—•—•————6"spring returnBRR Rear block mount, single acting———•—•—•————6"spring extendBFD Front block mount, double acting••—•—•—•————12" BRD Rear block mount, double acting—•—•—•—•————12" BFN Front block mount, single acting—•—•—•—•————6"spring returnBFR Front block mount, single acting———•—•—•————6"spring extendTRN Rear trunnion mount, single acting,—•—•—•—•————6"spring returnTRR Rear trunnion mount, single acting———•—•—•————6"spring extendTFD Front trunnion mount, double acting—•—•—•—•————12" TRD Rear trunnion mount, double acting—•—•—•—•————12" TFN Front trunnion mount, single acting—•—•—•—•————6"spring returnTFR Front trunnion mount, single acting———•—•—•————6"spring extendv Recommended maximum stroke is 4" in models N, P, R & RP.††Recommended maximum stroke is 4".Series SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersStandard OptionsStainless Steel Piston RodsCorrosion resistant stainless steel is the standard piston rod material for all bore sizes up to and including 1.50 inch bore at no additional cost. The only exception to the stainless steel standard is when a hollow rod or non-rotating hexagonal rod option is specified. Stainless steel is also the standardmaterial on block, trunnion and KDX mounts. Stainless steel is available on other sizes for an additional charge.Rod WiperSeries SR/SRM cylinders can be fitted with a rod wiper that is specially designed to prevent contaminants from clinging to the piston rod and damaging the piston rod seal. Available in 3/4", 1-1/16", and 1-1/2" bores, the piston rod wiper can be added to the SR/SRM and SRD/SRDM series.Cushion Adjusting Needle ValvesThe fine-thread cushion needle valves make precise adjust-ment quick and easy. The needle valve is fully captured to allow for safe cushion adjustment while cylinder is pressur-ized. The brass needle valves are corrosion resistant. The standard position for needle valve adjustments is position 1,90º from the port. See port location table for Series SRThe Schrader Bellows “Check Seal” system offers excellent cushioning efficiency and long cushion seal life. This seal is specifically designed for cushion applications and has a long proven history in Schrader Bellows products. Extensive side by side testing of the check seal in Series SR cylinders signifi-cantly outlasted and outperformed competitors’ o-ring shaped seals.The Check Seal’s unique geometry exhibits the dynamic sealing capabilities of a lipseal. As the cushion sleeve enters the Check Seal at the end of stroke, the Check Seal blocks the air from exhausting directly through the port and forces the air through the adjustable needle valve orifice. The exhaust airflowBore Size 5/16"7/16"9/16"3/4"7/8"11/16"11/4"11/2"13/4"2"21/2"3"TypeSpring Return *.062".062".125"*.125"****.125"N/A N/A Spring Extend *.125".062".125"*.125"****.125"N/A N/A Double Acting *.188".125"***.125"*.125"*.250".250"N/A K-typeN/A .250".125"***.500"*.125"*.250".250"N/A*Bumpers are furnished as standard and do not affect overall length.**Bumpers do not affect overall length.BumpersBumpers are available at extra cost, add the following dimensions to the overall cylinder length by boretion of the cylinder piston.During stroke reversal, the check valve action of the Check Seal induces a fast out-of-cushion response.The Check Seal floats forward in the retainer groove as the cushion sleeve exits the Cushion Seal, thereby creating a path for maximum air flow around the Check Seal to access the piston face.The quick response of the Schrader Bellows Check Seal design yields faster cycle times and increased productivity.Cushions can be selected on nine bore sizes, ranging from .75" bore to 3.0" bore with mounting styles D, front nose mount, and DXP , rear pivot mount. Adjustable cushons are optional at either end or both ends of Series SR/SRM cylinders.Fluorocarbon SealsAvailable on all bore sizes at extra cost.Adjustable Cushion OptionSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air Cylinders Adjustable Cushion OptionSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersHow To Order Series SR Air ReservoirsMagnetic Bumpers Fluorocarbon Rod CushionsDelrin®Piston SealsWipersEnd CapsMagneticPiston --xXxxxBumpers ----x x X x FluorocarbonSeals------X S x Rod Wiper --------x x Cushions----------SOption Availability Chartx = Available OptionsS = Available as Special X = Not AvailableDelrin® is a registered trademark of Dupont .Air ReservoirsOption Availability ChartSeries SRStainless Steel Body Air CylindersHow To OrderNon-Standard Rods Port Adapters239For Cylinder Division Plant Locations – See Page II.†B u m p e r s m a y a f f e c t O A L . C o n s u l t f a c t o r y f o r d e t a i l s .M = P i s t o n p o s i t i o n s e n s i n g a v a i l a b l e。
柴油机气缸体工艺及专用机床设计

(4)注明被加工零件的名称、编号、材料、硬度和加工余量。本加工零件为气缸体,材料为HT250,硬度为180—230HBS,总加工余量为5mm。
1.3组合机床的特点………………………………………………………2
2被加工零件的工艺方案的拟定…………………………………………3
2.1零件的工艺分析………………………………………………………3
2.2零件工艺方案的拟定…………………………………………………3
2.3机床加工方案确定……………………………………………………4
(3)确定主轴的结构类型、规格尺寸及外伸长度。查《组合机床简明设计手册》表3-4可知主轴轴径选50mm,为承受较大的径向力和轴向力这里选用圆锥轴承主轴,型号为50-1T0721-41的刚性主轴,主轴外伸40mm。
(4)标明主轴、夹具与工件之间的联系尺寸、配合及精度。
(5)根据机床要求的生产率及刀具材料特点,合理确定并标注主轴的切削用量。
1.2组合机床的组成及分类
组合机床是根据工件加工需要,以大量通用部件为基础,配以少量专用部件组成的一种高效专用机床。
通常组合机床由以下部件组成:动力箱、多轴箱、滑台、切削头、夹具、侧底座、中间底座、液压装置、电气设备、刀工具等。
组合机床的通用部件分大型和小型两大类。大型通用部件是指电机功率为1.5——30千瓦的动力部件及其配套部件。这类动力部件多为箱体移动的结构形式。小型通用部件是指电机功率在0.1——2.0千瓦的动力部件及其配套部件。这类动力部件多为套筒移动的结构形式。用大型通用部件组成的机床称为大型组合机床。用小型通用部件组成的机床成为小型组合机床。
ZH1105柴油机气缸体三面攻螺纹组合机床(左主轴箱)设计-任务书

一、设计(论文)内容课题名称:ZH1105柴油机气缸体三面攻螺纹组合机床(右主轴箱)设计课题来源:江淮动力股份有限公司设计内容:1.绘制组合机床的“三图一卡”;2.部件设计,设计右侧面主轴箱传动系统;3.绘制右主轴箱装配图以及主轴箱非标零件图;二、设计(论文)依据1.被加工零件:ZH1105柴油机气缸体,材质HT250;2.本工序加工内容:攻螺纹,其中左侧面加工14xM8-6H深14,M14x1.5-6H深31.5;右侧面加工9xM8-7H深16,M10-7H深15;后面加工6xM14x1.5-5H深32。
气缸体三面各孔的位置要求见图纸。
3.生产类型:大量生产4.本专机生产批量:设计制造一台三、技术要求1.机床尽可能满足加工要求,保证加工精度;2.机床应尽可能运转平稳,工作可靠,结构简单,装卸方便,便于维修、调整;3.机床设计应尽可能用通用件,以降低成本,故仅生产一台;4.机床各动力部件用电气控制,液压与压动。
四.毕业设计(论文)物化成果的具体内容及要求(具体内容参照机械工程系毕业设计<论文>大纲及实施细则的有关要求填写)1.图纸工作量图纸一列用计算机绘图,设计绘图量折合达3A0以上,具体绘制的图是:(1)组合机床尺寸联系图1张(2)被加工零件的工序图1张(3)加工示意图1张(4)右主轴箱装配图1张(5)输出、输入轴装配图2张(6)攻丝靠模装配图1张(7)零件图(输出轴、齿轮)各1张2.设计说明书设计说明书格式要符合规范,内容要完整,计算要正确,字数达一万字以上。
五. 毕业设计(论文)进度计划六. 主要参考文献:1.大连组合机床研究所编.组合机床设计,北京:机械工业出版2.大连组合机床研究所编.组合机床设计参考图册,北京:机械工业出版3.胡家秀.机械零件设计实用手册,北京:机械工业出版社.1999.10 4.艾兴、诗纲.金属切削用量手册,第三版,北京:机械工业出版社.1996.105.李益民.机械制造工艺设计简明手册,北京:机械工业出版社.1995.10 6.谢家瀛.组合机床设计简明手册,北京:机械工业出版社.1999.10 7.杨培元、朱福元.液压系统设计手册,北京:机械工业出版社.1995.10 8.徐锦康.机械设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2001.89.大连理工大学工程画教研室.机械制图,北京:高等教育出版社,1993.5 10.陈秀宁、施高义.机械设计课程设计,杭州:浙江大学出版社,1995.8七、其他。
气缸使用说明书 十

气缸使用说明书十产品使用说明书产品名称:产品型号:************有限公司一、说明书的使用范围本产品使用说明书是按气缸在一般气动系统中作为执行元件应用的情况下编写的,因此适用于一切普通单杆双作用、带缓冲的、无油润滑的、耐高温的,薄型的、方型的、微型的各种型号各种规格的标准气缸和在标准气缸基础上修改设计的非标准气缸。
同时也适用于普通标准气缸的基础上开发设计的各种特殊气气缸。
二、气缸使用条件1、气缸使用系统压力、介质温度应符合各型号气缸基本参数表规定的基本参数值(见产品样本)2、驱动气缸的压缩空气必须清洁、水份少、为此在气动系统回路中必须使用分水过滤器。
3、为了润滑气缸内部在气动系统回路中必须安装使用油雾器(无油润滑气缸可不用油雾器)。
三、气缸安装使用1、气缸开箱安装前应检查气缸在运输过程中有无损坏、两端连杆螺母或螺纹连接处有无松动,清除防锈油及防护罩(帽)方可安装使用。
2、气缸安装时应注意气缸活塞杆不宜承受偏心载荷或横向载荷,应使载荷的运动方向与活塞杆轴心线一致,对与长行程气缸负载和活塞杆的连接最好采用可活动的V型接头或关节接头。
无论任何安装形式都必须保证气缸安装底座有足够的刚度。
3、气缸缸体在水平使用时,可用“三点法”进行检验。
首先使用活塞杆与负载相连接,当活塞杆全部伸出时,在杆的中间放一水准仪观察水平情况;其次当活塞杆处于中间位置时,在靠近气缸前端盖处的活塞杆上放一水准仪观察情况;最后当活塞杆处于退回位置时,应无别劲现象。
长行程气缸卧式安装时,为了防止活塞杆下垂、缸筒变形,须设置适当支撑。
4、采用前后法兰、脚架式安装的气缸,应避免装螺栓直接承受推力或拉力的负荷。
5、采用尾部单双耳的气缸或中间摆动的气缸时活塞杆顶端连接销位置应与安装件轴的位置处于同一方向。
尾部单双耳或摆动气缸应与安装架之间留有适当的间隙。
6、气缸安装完毕后应在无负载的状态下使用工作压力运行2—5次,检查气缸有无异常现象。
朗克公司气缸系列产品指南说明书

The Right Cylinder for the Right DutyContentsIntroduction (2)Hydraulic vs. Pneumatic (2)Design Factors (2)Capacity (3)Stroking Distance (3)Speed (3)Temperature (3)Mounting Styles (4)Cylinder Bore Size (4)Piston Rod Size (4)Cylinder Configurations (5)Rod Ends / Rod Threading (5)Cylinder Body Tube (5)Stop Tubing (5)Seals (5)Additional Considerations (5)Conclusion ..................................................................................................6About the AuthorsJim Hauser is a Senior Engineer who started his career as an Engineer Trainee at Parker Hannifin Cylinder Division 43 years ago. Throughouthis tenure, he has held positions as a Design Engineer, Lab Supervisor and most recently Quote Engineering. He has a BS in Mechanical Engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology. Rade Knezevic has 24 years with Parker Hannifin and is currently a Global Account Manager. He holds a BSin Industrial Engineering, from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and an MBA from Keller Graduate School of Management. Rade is responsible for the sales growth of Industrial and Mobile cylinders in the Eastern Region of the US, which includes management of six field-based Cylinder Application Engineers (CAEs). Rade started his career in Manufactur-ing Engineering as a Trainee and has held positions as a CAE, Product Manager and Division Business Development Manager.Jim Hauser Rade Knezevic Senior Engineer, Division Sales Manager, Parker Cylinder Division Parker Cylinder DivisionIntroductionThe first hydraulic press may have been invented in the 3rd Century BC, but the fluid power universe has become a little more compli-cated since then. Today’s hydraulic cylinders, which essentially convert fluid pressure and flow into force and linear movement, are complex devices incorporating a wide range of individual components available in a multitude of dimensions, configurations and materials. For many OEM design engineers, playing it safe by over-engineering cylinder specifications has become a precautionary habit in the presence of ever-improving cylinder technologies. This article will help clarify why less is sometimes more when it comes to complex hydraulic systems, while identifying some of the many factors to be considered when specifying hydraulic cylinders.Design Factors in Hydraulic Cylinder SpecificationSpecifying hydraulic cylindersis essentially a balancing act as each design factor influences one or more of the many other design considerations. For example, the urethane seals ideal for applications as cold as -65°F (-54°C) will tolerate 200°F (129°C) of heat, while other materials capable of tolerating temperatures as high as 500°F (260°C), will do so at the sacri-fice of some cold-temperature performance.Although NFPA standards and ISO-compliant guidelines are a great starting point for hydraulic system design, many industries have guidelines of their own. Working with an engineering manufacturer experienced with all these standards can expedite the design process.Cylinder manufacturers can offera range of options capable ofachieving the widest scope ofperformance requirements thatincrease the likelihood thatstandard components will meetthe design criteria of a application.For example, most cylinder man-ufacturers offer 19 mount options,which cover the standard NFPAmount offerings. Standard compo-nents have the additionaladvantage of being readilyavailable worldwide, expeditingjust-in-time warehousing anddelivery of replacement parts ascomponents reach the end oftheir service life cycle.A review of the major factors is tobe considered when specifyinghydraulic cylinders follows.Hydraulic vs. PneumaticAlthough pneumatic systems are in some respects simpler, they are generally incapable of achieving the transfer of higher loads and forces. Hydraulic cylin-ders also have the advantage of smoother, more controllable movement as they are devoid of the spring-like action associated with the release of gaseous fluid media. As an added benefit, hydraulic systems can perform ancillary functions such as lubricating and cooling.However, since the availability ofpower and media is a non-nego-tiable factor in fluid powersystem design, it should benoted that a properly designedand sized pneumatic system canachieve higher performancewhere a compact footprint is notrequired. Further considerationsof pneumatic cylinder design areoutside the scope of this article.Although NFPA standards and ISO-compliant guidelines are a great starting point for hydraulic system design,many industries have guidelines of their own. “”CapacityMedium-duty systems account for most of industrial applications and are typically at 1000 PSI. Heavy-duty systems are com-mon to applications such as hydraulic presses, automotive applications, and other related industrial applications. Standard heavy-duty hydraulic cylindersare capable of handling pres-sures as high as 3000 PSI, withload capabilities relative to thefull piston area (in square inches)when exposed to fluid pressuremultiplied by the gauge pressurein PSI. Excessive load require-ments may be achieved withoutsacrificing other areas of perfor-mance through the use oftandem cylinder constructionsrather than larger bore or customhigh-pressure cylinder designs.Stroking Distance RequirementsAlthough custom stroke distanc-es above 10 feet (3.05m) are possible. Pressure rating can be a concern. Rod diameter needs to be determined to handle the load. If necessary, a pressurerating on load in thrust (pushmode) will need to be specified.Rod sag from horizontal applica-tions may result in premature rodbearing wear. Weighing eachpositive effect against potentialnegatives is essential to optimiz-ing hydraulic systemperformance.SpeedEvery application engineer has his or her own definition of “excessive speed.” As a good rule of thumb, standard hydraulic cylinder seals can easily handle speeds up to 3.28 feet (1 meter) per second. The tolerance threshold for standard cushions is roughly two thirds (2/3) of that speed. Frequently, a standard low-fric-tion seal is the better choice forhigher speed applications. Buthere too, what you gain in oneaspect of performance you losein another. The greater the fluidvelocity, the higher the fluidtemperature, so when opting forspeed-increasing customizationsit is essential to consider theimpact of higher temperatures onthe entire hydraulic system. Insome hydraulic systems, over-sized the ports may eliminateescalated temperature concerns.TemperatureAs previously noted, hydraulic cylinder systems using standard components can be designed to meet application temperatures as hot as 500°F (260°C) and as cold as -65°F (-54°C). But tempera-tures affect both the “hard” and “soft” design components of cylinders. Applications requiringtemperature extremes at eitheror both ends of the temperaturespectrum require extensiveknowledge of the interdependen-cy of individual components toachieve the best balance ofshort- and long-termperformance expectations. Forexample, applications near thenorth or south poles, will seecontraction of the seals andmetal parts due to the extremetemperatures.Mounting StylesThere are fundamentally three categories of mounting styles. Both Fixed and Pivot styles can absorb forces on the cylinder’s centerline and typically include medium- and heavy-duty mounts for accommodating thrust or tension. A third category of Fixed styles allows the entire cylinder to be supported by the mounting surface below cylinder centerline, rather than absorbing forces only along the centerline.There are several available standardized mounts within these categories. Engineers can use these variety of mount offerings for an ever-widening number of application require-ments. NFPA Tie rod cylinders, which are used in the majority of industrial systems, typically can be mounted using a variety of standard mating configurations from trunnion-style heads and caps to extended tie rod cap and/ or head end styles, flange-style heads, side-lug and side-tapped styles, a range of spherical bearing configurations, and cap fixed clevis designs. Most of these mounting options are available for both single acting and double rod cylinders.The goal of every mounting design is to allow the mount to absorb force, stabilizing the system and optimizing perfor-mance. For rods loaded primarilyin compression (push), cap endmounts are recommended; forthose in tension (pull), a headend mount is preferred.It is the amount of tension orcompression that determinespiston rod diameter; it is theamount of pull or push thatdetermines the bore diameter.Other relevant factors to considerwhen selecting a mounting styleinclude:• Load• Speed• Cylinder motion (straight/fixed or pivot)Every mounting type comes withits own benefits and limitations.For example, trunnions forpivot-mounted cylinders areincompatible with self-aligningbearings where the small bearingarea is positioned at a distancefrom the trunnions and cylinderheads. Improper use of such aconfiguration introduces bendingforces that can overstress thetrunnion pins.Many performance expectationsthat at first appear to requireatypical mounts can be accom-modated by existing styles,sometimes with only slightmodifications, facilitating replace-ment and reducing costs.Cylinder Bore SizeBore size is related to operating pressure; as previously noted, it is the amount of push or pull force required that determines the bore size needed. Earlier generations of steel and alumi-num mill equipment oftenrequired the use of non-standardbore and rod sizes. Today,virtually every industrial require-ment can be met with NFPAstandard and/or ISO-compliantcomponents.Style J(NFPA MF1)Style JB(NFPA MF5)Style H(NFPA MF2)Piston Rod Size OEM design engineers probablyrequest customization of piston rod sizes more frequently than any other hydraulic cylinder component. What is not always considered is the simple fact that push or pull is never independent of stroke length. Just as a pushed rope holds a straight line only in relation to its length (the longer the rope, the more the rope curls), piston rods under compression or tension tend to diffuse force in non-linear directions.Specifying costly materials such as stainless steel or alloy steels for the rods themselves is another common example of over-engi-neering. In most extreme applications, chrome plating provides a high level of corrosion-resistance required to optimize system longevity.Cylinder ConfigurationsFor applications requiring equal force pressure on both sides of the piston, a standard double-acting cylinder configuration using pressure to extend and retract the cylinder, combined with a four-way directional control valve to direct pressure to either the head or the end cap, is almost always preferable to more customized solutions. An experienced hydraulic solu-tions manufacturer will be familiar with every conceivable cylinder assembly configuration and the unintended consequences of customizing individual components versus combining standard cylinders in creative ways to meet unusual performance requirements.Rod Ends / RodThreadingThis is one area where standardoptions are so vast customizationis rarely needed. Additionally,standard threads can be made ininch or metric format. Typically,each available diameter isavailable in four distinct rod endstyles. Even in those rareinstances where a modificationseems to be called for, it isimportant to considerthe effects of modifications onfunction-enhancing accessories.The relatively small performancecompromise resulting fromstandardizing rod ends is almostalways warranted by the versatil-ity such standardization affords.Even a modest modificationsuch as under-sizing threads willrequire de-rating the cylinder andmay necessitate special toolingfor non-standard pitch, resultingin delays, expense, and theinability to readily mate withaccessory components.CylinderBody TubeStandard cylinder bodies areplain steel or chromed plated andwill be able to handle a majorityof applications. Using alloysteels, stainless steel or brassmaterials are prevalent in specialapplication like a water typeenvironment.Stop TubingStop tubing is generally used tolengthen the distance betweenthe rod bearing and the pistonbearing in order to reducebearing load on push-strokecylinders when the cylinder isfully extended. Stop tubing isespecially critical for horizontallymounted cylinders where it helpsto restrict the extended positionof the rod. In such applications,increased distance helps achievegreater stability and increasebearing life.SealsAlthough it is not common torequire all existing materialcompounds, an experiencedhydraulic system manufacturerwill offer seals to meet a com-plete range of temperatures andfluid types, and can help guidean engineer’s specification tomeet precise application require-ments.HY08-1731-B1 07/20© 2020 Parker Hannifin Corporation Parker Hannifin CorporationCylinder Division500 South Wolf RoadDes Plaines, IL 60016-3198 USA /cylinder ConclusionThere are certainly applications for which specifying the right cylinder for the right duty require some customization either in component size, material type or configuration. However, far more often than not, partnering with an experienced hydraulic system solution manufacturer early in the design process will save the OEM engineering team time and money while ensuring the system does its assigned duties as efficiently as possible for as long as possible.Additional Considerations Every industrial application is unique, and there are many ancillary components involved in hydraulic cylinder specification. Energy-absorbing cushions, pillow blocks, regenerative circuits, over- or under-sizing ports — all these and more contribute to optimizing the performance of hydraulic sys -tems, depending on each application’s specific perfor -mance requirements. As with the specification of more fundamental components, selecting appropriate ancillary components can present a specification challenge. For example, cushions are intended to retard the force of motion, but OEM engineers sometimes overlook the fact that fluids are typically not moving very fast anyway and may not require such redundancy in certain types of systems. An engineer may be tempted to take a “belt and suspenders” approach to design -ing push/pull systems by using cushions with spring cylinder systems, overlooking the fact that the oil needs to work its way through the cap, hoses, valves and so on. In such cases, specifying standard single action cylinders with cushions may be wiser than attempting to insert cushions into spring cylinders.New Automated Cylinder Quoting ToolNeed help determining the right cylinder for yourneeds? Use Parker’s easy to use cylinder quoting tool.。
档块气缸说明书

辽宁工程技术大学课程设计题目:设计“档块气缸”零件的机械加工工艺规程及加工4×M8-6H孔螺纹工艺装备班级:姓名:指导教师:完成日期:2010.7.6一、设计题目设计“档块气缸”零件的机械加工工艺规程及加工4×M8-6H 孔螺纹工艺装备。
二、原始资料(1) 被加工零件的零件图1张(2) 生产类型: 大批量生产三、上交材料(1) 被加工工件的零件图1张(2) 毛坯图1张(3) 机械加工工艺过程综合卡片1张(4) 与所设计夹具对应那道工序的工序卡片1张(4) 夹具装配图1张(5) 夹具体零件图1张(6) 课程设计说明书1份四、进度安排(参考)(1) 熟悉零件,画零件图2天(2) 选择工艺方案,确定工艺路线,填写工艺过程综合卡片5天(3) 工艺装备设计(画夹具装配图及夹具体图) 9天(4) 编写说明书3天(5) 准备及答辩2天五、指导教师评语成绩:指导教师日期摘要这次设计的是零件档块气缸,包括零件图两张、毛坯图、装配图各一张,机械加工工艺过程卡片和与工序卡片各一张。
首先我们要熟悉零件和了解其作用,它位于汽车发动机中,主要起提升功率作用。
然后,根据零件的性质和零件图上各端面的粗糙度确定毛坯的尺寸和机械加工余量。
最后拟定档块气缸的工艺路线图,制定该工件的夹紧方案,画出夹具装配图。
机械制造工艺学课程设计使我们学完了大学的全部基础课、技术基础课以及大部分专业课之后进行的.这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的总复习,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我们四年的大学生活中占有重要的地位。
就我而言,我希望能通过这次课程设计,了解并认识一般机器零件的生产工艺过程,巩固和加深已学过的技术基础课和专业课的知识,理论联系实际,从中锻炼自己分析问题、解决问题的能力,为今后的工作打下一个良好的基础,为后续课程的学习打好基础。
未来将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练,从中锻炼自己分析问题、解决问题的能力,为今后参加祖国的“四化”建设打下一个良好的基础。
CAMOZZI 气缸系列 QC 型录说明书
Cylinders with integrated guide Series QCT and QCBDouble-acting, magnetic piston, guidedø 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63 mmThese actuators, suitable for use in very limited space, are available in two versions. QCT version: with sintered bronze bushes, suitable when the side loads applied to the cylinder are high.QCB version: with linear ball bearings, suitable for high precision and fast cycling applications.Both versions are equipped with fixed cushioning to prevent direct impact with the end covers. The design of the cylinder body allows the mounting of the cylinder using either top, bottom or side faces. Several “T” shaped grooves in two faces allow sensors to be fitted in a number of positions.Out of standard strokes are available on demand only.»Magnetic sensors can bemounted on both sides»QCT: bronzebushings version»QCB: ball bearingguide version»Movement andguidance in one unitGENERAL DATAType of construction compact guidedQCT = sintered bronze bushesQCB = linear ball bearingsOperation double-actingMaterials body = anodized ALflange = zinc-plated steelpiston rod = rolled stainless steel AISI 303QCT columns = rolled stainless steel 420BQCB columns = hardened steel C50seals = PUMounting threaded and non-threaded holes in the bodyStrokes min. max see tableOperating temperature0°C ÷ 80°C (with dry air - 20°C)Speed50 ÷ 500 mm/sOperating pressure 1 ÷ 10 barFluid clean air, non lubricated. If lubricated air is used, it is recommended to use oil ISOVG32. Once applied the lubrication should never be interrupted.75100125 1149398 165135150 225208225 215206224 267299257 267299257 908669 1068297 167129145 167128145 161193156 1581951571002,84,37,08,813,4172,32,65,15,510,612,1In case of use of lateral ports, unscrew the related threaded caps, screw them in the front ports and tighten them up to the cylinder surface (not tighter) having care to use a proper sealer.DIMENSIONSDimension 02 (mm)Ø 20Ø 25Ø 32Ø 40Ø 50Ø 63Dimension 04 (mm)Ø 20Ø 25Ø 32Ø 40Ø 50Ø 63 20 ÷ 3024242424242820 ÷ 3029293334363840 ÷ 10044444848485240 ÷ 100393945464850 125 ÷ 200120120124124124128125 ÷ 200777783848688DIMENSIONSØAØD E1E2F F1F2F3F4F5F6G1G2H H1L1L2M1M2N0103P1/P2P3Q R S Y Y1Y2Y3Y4X X1X2J K 2010107018G1/810.510.52512.511.510.58130725437538336241728M5X0.8M6X113126283 3.536 5.59544M5 2510127826G1/811.5828.512.513.511.59140826437.553.59342301734M6X1M6X115126344 4.536 5.59550M5 3212169630G1/812.59.53471512.511045987837.559.511248342142M8X1.25M8X1.25201610424 4.536 6.5116.563M6 40121610430G1/81312381318131184510686446612054402250M8X1.25M8X1.25201610504 4.536 6.5116.572M6 50152013040G1/4141147821.51214660130110447214864462466M10X1.5M10X1.52220136656488.5148.592M8 63152013050G1/414.511.455122814.515870142124497716278582480M10X1.5M10X1.52220138056488.5148.5110M10L3 (strokes 25-75 mm)L3 (strokes40-100 mm)L3 (strokes75-100 mm)L3 (strokes100-200 mm)L3 (strokes125-200 mm)B (strokes20-30 mm)B (strokes25-50 mm)B (strokes25-75 mm)B (strokes40-100 mm)B (strokes75-100 mm)B (strokes100-200 mm)B (strokes125-200 mm)ØC-75--8519--22--3210 -85.5--9821--32--44.512 --95-110-26.5--35.5-50.516 --95-110-20--29-4416 93--112---21--40-20 93--112---16--35-20QCT: total length (L3), projection (B) and columns Ø (ØC)Note: for out of standard intermediate strokes (ex. stroke 35), consider the immediately higher stroke dimensions (ex. stroke 40). For standard strokes see the table on page 1/4.05.02.L3 (stroke 25 mm)L3 (strokes30-50 mm)L3 (strokes25-200 mm)L3 (strokes75-200 mm)L3 (strokes50-200 mm)B (strokes20-50 mm)B (stroke20 mm)B (stroke25 mm)B (strokes30-50 mm)B (strokes25-200 mm)B (strokes75-200 mm)B (strokes50-200 mm)ØC---79.5-21.5----26.5-12 -80.5-85--21-27-31.5-16 73.5---91.5--14---3220 73.5---91.5--7.5---25.520 --98.5------26.5--25 --98.5------21.5--25。
气缸使用说明书
气缸使用说明书说明书的适用范围本产品使用说明书是按气缸在一般气动系统中做为执行元件应用的情况下编写的因此适用于普通单杆双(单)作用、带缓冲的、无油润滑的耐高温的各种规格的标准气缸和在普通标准气缸基础上修改设计的非标气缸。
本“说明书”与各型号气缸“产品样本”合用其各型号气缸的特点、技术参数、外型安装尺寸详见“产品样本”。
一、气缸使用条件1、气缸使用系统压力、介质温度应符合各型号气缸基本参数表规定的数值(见产品样本)。
2、驱动气缸的压缩空气必须清洁、水分少、为此在气动系统回路中必须使用分水过滤器。
3、为了润滑气缸内部在气动系统回路中必须安装使用油雾器(无油润滑气缸可不用油雾器)。
二、气缸安装使用l、气缸开箱安装前应检查气缸在运输过程中有无损坏两端拉杆螺母或螺纹连接处有无松动清除防锈油及防护罩(帽)方可安装使用。
2、气缸安装时应注重气缸活塞杆不宜承受偏心载荷或横向载荷应使载荷的运动方向与活塞杆轴心线一致对于长行程气缸负载和活塞杆的连接最好采用可活动的U型接头或关节接头。
无论任何安装方式都必须保证气缸安装底座有足够的刚度。
3、气缸缸体在水平使用时可用“三点法”进行检验。
首选使活塞杆与负载相连接。
当活塞杆全部伸出时在杆的中间放一水准仪观察水平情况;其次当活塞杆处于中间位置时在靠近气缸前端盖处的活塞杆上放一水准仪观察情况;最后活塞杆处于退回位置时应无别劲现象。
长行程气缸卧式安装时为了防止活塞杆下垂、缸筒变形须设置适当支承。
4、采用前后法兰、脚架式安装的气缸应避免装螺栓直接承受推力或拉力的负荷。
5、采用尾部单双耳的气缸或中间摆动气缸时活塞杆顶端连接销位置应与安装件轴的位置处于同一方向。
尾部单双耳或摆动轴应与安装架之间留有合适间隙。
6、气缸安装完毕后应在无负载状态下使用工作压力运行2-5次检查气缸口部有无异常现象。
7、气缸调速,对气缸运动速度有一定要求时气动系统必须安装单向节流闹。
一般情况气缸水平安装排气节流气缸速度比较平稳。
液压缸设计说明书
1 设计课题1.1设计要求设计一台铣削专用机床液压系统用液压缸,要求液压系统完成的工作循环是:工件夹紧→工作台快进→工作台工进→工作台快退→工件松开。
1.2原始数据运动部件的重力为25000N,快进、快退速度为5m/min,工进速度为100~1200mm/min,最大行程为400mm,其中工进行程为180mm,最大切削力为20000N,采用平面导轨,夹紧缸的行程为20mm,夹紧力为30000N,夹紧时间为1s。
2 液压系统的发展概况一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成,即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件(附件)和液压油。
由于液压技术广泛应用了高技术成果,如自动控制技术、计算机技术、微电子技术、磨擦磨损技术、可靠性技术及新工艺和新材料,使传统技术有了新的发展,也使液压系统和元件的质量、水平有一定的提高。
尽管如此,走向二十一世纪的液压技术不可能有惊人的技术突破,应当主要靠现有技术的改进和扩展,不断扩大其应用领域以满足未来的要求。
液压系统在将机械能转换成压力能及反转换方面,已取得很大进展,但一直存在能量损耗,主要反映在系统的容积损失和机械损失上。
如果全部压力能都能得到充分利用,则将使能量转换过程的效率得到显著提高。
为减少压力能的损失,必须解决下面几个问题:减少元件和系统的内部压力损失,以减少功率损失。
主要表现在改进元件内部流道的压力损失,采用集成化回路和铸造流道,可减少管道损失,同时还可减少漏油损失。
减少或消除系统的节流损失,尽量减少非安全需要的溢流量,避免采用节流系统来调节流量和压力。
采用静压技术,新型密封材料,减少磨擦损失。
发展小型化、轻量化、复合化、广泛发展通径电磁阀以及低功率电磁阀。
改善液压系统性能,采用负荷传感系统,二次调节系统和采用蓄能器回路。
为及时维护液压系统,防止污染对系统寿命和可靠性造成影响,必须发展新的污染检测方法,对污染进行在线测量,要及时调整,不允许滞后,以免由于处理不及时而造成损失。
气缸体工艺及液压夹紧铣床夹具设计
毕业设计说明书中文摘要毕业设计明书外文摘要目录1 引言 (8)2设计任务书 (9)2.1对机床夹具的基本要求 (9)2.2夹具设计的工作步骤 (9)3 机床夹具设计原理 (10)3.1 夹具 (11)3.1.1机床夹具的概念 (11)3.1.2机床夹具的分类 (11)3.1.3机床夹具的组成 (11)3.2定位基准 (12)3.3工件在夹具中的定位 (12)3.3.1六点定位原理 (12)3.3.2支承点与定位元件 (13)3.3.3完全定位与不完全定位 (14)3.3.4欠定位与过定位 (14)3.4组合夹具和随行夹具 (15)3.4.1组合夹具 (15)3.4.2随行夹具 (15)3.5夹具定位误差分析计算 (15)4零件的工艺分析 (15)4.1平面度分析 (16)4.2 表面粗糙度 (16)铣床夹具设计5毛坯的制造形式 (16)6铣削方式的选择 (16)6.1端面铣 (16)6.2周边铣削 (17)6.3 端面铣削和周边铣削的比较 (17)6.4端面铣削时的顺铣与逆铣 (18)6.5对称铣削 (18)6.6非对称铣削 (18)7 刀具的选择 (19)7.1基本要求 (19)7.1.1硬度 (19)7.1.2韧性和强度 (19)7.1.3铣刀切削部分的材料的要求 (19)7.2常用材料 (19)7.2.1高速工具钢(高速钢和锋钢等) (20)7.2.2硬质合金 (20)8铣削用量 (21)8.1每齿进给量的选择 (21)8.2铣削速度的选择 (22)8.3切削液 (22)8.4.切削液的种类 (23)8.5 切削液的选用 (23)8.6选择测量方法 (23)9夹具设计 (24)9.1 基面的选择 (24)9.2 加工方案的设计 (24)9.3 加工设备的选择 (25)9.4 主轴转速,切削力及夹紧力的计算: (25)9.5 定位误差的分析 (28)9.6 使用说明书 (28)10结论 (29)11 标准化审核报告 (30)11.1产品图样的审查 (30)11.2 产品技术文件的审查 (30)11.3 标准件的使用情况 (30)11.4审查结论 (31)致谢 (32)参考文献 (33)铣床夹具设计气缸体工艺及液压夹紧铣床夹具1 引言夹具最早出现在18世纪后期。
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479Q汽油机气缸体总成设计摘要主要阐述了汽油机缸体各部分设计的要求、方法及其在479气缸体设计中的应用。
对缸体重要表面的尺寸、几何形状、相互位置提出了严格的公差要求。
在结构设计中通过采用龙门式缸体结构、合金铸铁材料以及结构细节的设计来保证其有足够的强度和刚度,尤其是有足够的刚度。
还特别注减轻其质量,改善铸造和加工工艺性,以求尽量降低成本。
关键词:汽油机,缸体,设计The Design of 479Q Gasoline Engine Block AssemblyAbstractThis thesis is concerned with the request and approach of each part of the engine cylinder block in design as well as the use of the 479QA cylinder bloc k‘s design. It presents strict tolerance in the principal surface size, geometry and mutual position. When designing, it has sufficient intensity and rigidity, especially the latter. It satisfies the need by adopting these means -the material of the cast -iron of alloy, detailed design of structure etc. The thesis focuses on reducing the cost by means of reducing the quantity, improving foundry and processing.Key words: gasoline engine, cylinder block;,design目录摘要 (1)Abstract (2)第一章概述 (5)1.1气缸分类 (5)1.2气缸体冷却方式 (6)1.3气缸数量 (6)第二章缸体的工作情况和设计要求 (8)2.1 缸体的工作情况 (8)2.2 缸体的设计要求 (8)第三章气缸体方案确定 (10)3.1 缸体的结构型式的选择 (10)3.2 缸体结构细节的设计 (10)3.3机体的支承形式 (11)3.4 气缸的排列方式 (12)3.5 曲轴箱的设计 (13)3.6 机体冷却水套 (13)3.7 机体润滑油道 (14)3.8 机体材料 (18)3.9降噪处理方面 (19)第四章缸体基本尺寸的确定 (20)第五章气缸结构设计 (21)第六章缸体的结构工艺性 (23)6.1 铸造工艺性 (23)6.2 机械加工方便性 (23)第七章提高缸体可靠性的措施 (26)7.1为了提高气缸套的耐磨性,可以从以下几方面选择改进措施: (26)7.2 提高缸体铸件精度 (26)7.21 基准选择 (26)7.22 水套芯做工艺基准 (27)7.23 正确选择收缩率 (27)7.3 气缸体铸件气孔缺陷的防止措施 (27)7.31 气孔的产生分析 (27)7.32 气孔缺陷的防止措施 (27)7.33 浇注系统的设计 (28)7.34 降低造型材料的发气量,提高发气速度 (28)参考文献 (31)总结与展望 (33)致谢 (34)附录:翻译 (35)第一章概述气缸体是发动机的主体,它将各个气缸和曲轴箱连成一体,是安装活塞、曲轴以及其他零件和附件的支承骨架。
汽缸体一般用灰铸铁铸成,汽缸体上部的圆柱形空腔称为气缸,下半部为支撑曲轴的曲轴箱,气内腔为衢州运动的空间,在汽缸体内部铸有许多加强肋,冷却水套和润滑油道等。
气缸体应具有足够的强度和刚度,根据气缸体与油底壳安装平面的位置不同,通常把气缸体分为以下三种形式:一般是气缸体,龙门式气缸体,隧道式气缸体。
气缸体的工作条件十分恶劣。
它要承受燃烧过程中压力和温度的急剧变化以及活塞运动的强烈摩擦。
因此,它应具有以下性能:①有足够的强度和刚度,变形小,保证各运动零件位置正确,运转正常,振动噪声小。
②有良好的冷却性能,在缸筒的四周有冷却水套,以便让冷却水带走热量。
③耐磨,以保证气缸体有足够的使用寿命。
气缸体上部是并列的气缸筒,目前多镶有气缸套。
气缸体的下部是曲轴箱,用来安装曲轴,其外部还可安装发电机、发动机支架等各种附件。
气缸体大多用铸铁或铝合金铸造而成,铝合金缸体成本较高,但重量轻、冷却性能好,得到越来越广泛的应用。
机体是构成发动机的骨架,是发动机各机构和各系统的安装基础,其内、外安装着发动机的所有主要零件和附件,承受各种载荷。
因此,机体必须要有足够的强度和刚度。
机体组主要由气缸体、曲轴箱、气缸盖和气缸垫等零件组成。
1.1气缸分类水冷发动机的气缸体和上曲轴箱常铸成一体,称为气缸体——曲轴箱,也可称为气缸体。
气缸体一般用灰铸铁铸成,气缸体上部的圆柱形空腔称为气缸,下半部为支承曲轴的曲轴箱,其内腔为曲轴运动的空间。
在气缸体内部铸有许多加强筋,冷却水套和润滑油道等。
气缸体应具有足够的强度和刚度,根据气缸体与油底壳安装平面的位置不同,通常把气缸体分为以下三种形式。
(1)一般式气缸体其特点是油底壳安装平面和曲轴旋转中心在同一高度。
这种气缸体的优点是机体高度小,重量轻,结构紧凑,便于加工,曲轴拆装方便;但其缺点是刚度和强度较差(2)龙门式气缸体其特点是油底壳安装平面低于曲轴的旋转中心。
它的优点是强度和刚度都好,能承受较大的机械负荷;但其缺点是工艺性较差,结构笨重,加工较困难。
(3)隧道式气缸体这种形式的气缸体曲轴的主轴承孔为整体式,采用滚动轴承,主轴承孔较大,曲轴从气缸体后部装入。
其优点是结构紧凑、刚度和强度好,但其缺点是加工精度要求高,工艺性较差,曲轴拆装不方便。
为了能够使气缸内表面在高温下正常工作,必须对气缸和气缸盖进行适当地冷却。
冷却方法有两种,一种是水冷,另一种是风冷。
水冷发动机的气缸周围和气缸盖中都加工有冷却水套,并且气缸体和气缸盖冷却水套相通,冷却水在水套内不断循环,带走部分热量,对气缸和气缸盖起冷却作用。
现代汽车上基本都采用水冷多缸发动机,对于多缸发动机,气缸的排列形式决定了发动机外型尺寸和结构特点,对发动机机体的刚度和强度也有影响,并关系到汽车的总体布置。
按照气缸的排列方式不同,气缸体还可以分成单列式,V型和对置式三种。
(1)直列式发动机的各个气缸排成一列,一般是垂直布置的。
单列式气缸体结构简单,加工容易,但发动机长度和高度较大。
一般六缸以下发动机多采用单列式。
例如捷达轿车、富康轿车、红旗轿车所使用的发动机均采用这种直列式气缸体。
有的汽车为了降低发动机的高度,把发动机倾斜一个角度。
(2)V型气缸排成两列,左右两列气缸中心线的夹角γ<180°,称为V型发动机,V型发动机与直列发动机相比,缩短了机体长度和高度,增加了气缸体的刚度,减轻了发动机的重量,但加大了发动机的宽度,且形状较复杂,加工困难,一般用于8缸以上的发动机,6缸发动机也有采用这种形式的气缸体。
(3)对置式气缸排成两列,左右两列气缸在同一水平面上,即左右两列气缸中心线的夹角γ=180°,称为对置式。
它的特点是高度小,总体布置方便,有利于风冷。
这种气缸应用较少。
气缸直接镗在气缸体上叫做整体式气缸,整体式气缸强度和刚度都好,能承受较大的载荷,这种气缸对材料要求高,成本高。
如果将气缸制造成单独的圆筒形零件(即气缸套),然后再装到气缸体内。
这样,气缸套采用耐磨的优质材料制成,气缸体可用价格较低的一般材料制造,从而降低了制造成本。
同时,气缸套可以从气缸体中取出,因而便于修理和更换,并可大大延长气缸体的使用寿命。
气缸套有干式气缸套和湿式气缸套两种。
干式气缸套的特点是气缸套装入气缸体后,其外壁不直接与冷却水接触,而和气缸体的壁面直接接触,壁厚较薄,一般为1~3mm。
它具有整体式气缸体的优点,强度和刚度都较好,但加工比较复杂,内、外表面都需要进行精加工,拆装不方便,散热不良。
1.2气缸体冷却方式湿式气缸套的特点是气缸套装入气缸体后,其外壁直接与冷却水接触,气缸套仅在上、下各有一圆环地带和气缸体接触,壁厚一般为5~9mm。
它散热良好,冷却均匀,加工容易,通常只需要精加工内表面,而与水接触的外表面不需要加工,拆装方便,但缺点是强度、刚度都不如干式气缸套好,而且容易产生漏水现象。
应该采取一些防漏措施。
为了能够使气缸内表面在高温下正常工作,必须对气缸和气缸盖进行适当地冷却。
冷却方法有两种,一种是水冷,另一种是风冷。
水冷发动机的气缸周围和气缸盖中都加工有冷却水套,并且气缸体和气缸盖冷却水套相通,冷却水在水套内不断循环,带走部分热量,对气缸和气缸盖起冷却作用。
1.3气缸数量气缸数:汽车发动机常用缸数有3、4、5、6、8、10、12缸。
排量1升以下的发动机常用三缸,1~2.5升一般为四缸发动机,3升左右的发动机一般为6缸,4升左右为8缸,5.5升以上用12缸发动机。
一般来说,在同等缸径下,缸数越多,排量越大,功率越高;在同等排量下,缸数越多,缸径越小,转速可以提高,从而获得较大的提升功率。
1.4课题研究意义从经济学角度出发,汽车工业作为支柱产业,自从1885年德国工程师卡尔.奔驰设计制造了第一辆单缸四冲程内燃机汽车以来,世界汽车工业从当初年产量不足千台到如今汽车工业已经年产量超过5000万辆的现代大工业。
在各个汽车大国中,汽车产业在其国民经济中有着很快的生产发展;它带有很强的连锁效应,诱导了许多新产业的崛起;同时它对其所处地区的经济结构和发展变化有着深刻而广泛的影响。
从环境的角度讲,作为节能减排的主要手段之一,汽车的轻量化已成为各大汽车厂商所追求的目标。
从发动机角度来讲机体是发动机中单件质量最大的零件,一般都超过发动机质量的1/4,甚至接近1/3。
如此一来,世界范围内,针对汽车发动机直至发动机机体等的很多轻量化研究和技术正在不断地被研究和改进。
2009年,我国的汽车销量以1350万的成绩,超过美国、日本和欧洲大陆,名列榜首。
但是这些销量中的绝大多数品牌为与我国企业合作的跨国公司。
造成这一局面的主要原因是我国缺少对汽车核心技术的掌握。
所以目前汽车的核心技术和自主研发是我国汽车业所要努力的方向,对我国汽车业有着至关重要的意义。
我国轿车用汽油发动机是伴随着轿车的引进而引进。
目前我国轿车汽油发动机主要有三种生产方式:一种是整车生产企业自己生产发动机:如上海大众、东风本田上海通用;第二种是由专业汽油发动机厂生产供应汽车整车企业。
如沈阳航天三菱汽车发动机制造有限公司生产4G63、4G64发动机供给中华2.0L、2.4L、东方之子等车。