考研英语作文词汇：Scenario
考研英语作文词汇：Scenario
【Scenario】
这个词是“假想”、“设想”的意思。会用这个词不容易。凡是用过该词
三次以上的(查词典抄来的不算)，我敢断定其英文水平已经达到Great甚至
是Excellent了。
这是来自本论坛的一句话：
In the unlikely scenario that there is no major conflict China is
obviously willing to give peace a chance so long as Taiwan is not being
unleashed by the Americans to pursue de jure independence.
使用频率：★
造句功能：★
西方思维：★★★★★
2023年考研英语二真题试卷+参考答案及解析【详细版】
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
考研英语大作文模板(通用版)
考研英语大作文模板（通用版）英语一考图画，英语二考图表，因此他们的首段是有区别的，但是功能句都是可以通用的，因此本次分享分为三个部分。
部分（1）介绍英语一首段模板部分（2）介绍英语二首段模板部分（3）介绍通用写作功能句（小作文同样适用）第一部分英语一首段模板：【模板说明】：（1）加深字体为模板的“功能句”，即背下来直接写上就可以。
（2）划线句为根据图片内容进行描述，需自行填充。
【句子说明】：1，This is a simple but thought-provoking cartoon.“这是一幅简单而启人深思的漫画”万用开头。
2，描述图画（1）要求：简明扼要地描述图画中的人物、动作、环境、文字等（文字见下句）。
（2）可能会用到的句型：①There be 句型：引出人物或图画主体。
例如，there is a little boy （有一个小男孩）。
②with引导的定语从句，用以补充说明图画主体的动作、神情、状态等，即with+主体状态、动作、神情：例如，there is a little boy with smile（这有一个小男孩，他微笑着）；更加复杂一点的例如，there is a little boy，with a huge phone in his hand.(一个小男孩手里拿着巨大的手机)③动词ing形式引导的定语从句，功能与②相同，可用来丰富句型。
例如，there is a little boy ，yelling at his parents，with a huge phone in his hand。
（小男孩拿着巨大的手机，并对他的父母大喊大叫。
）④如果图片为一组图片且构成对比时，需要表达出这种对比关系，可用的句型为although it\she\he——————，the ——（主体人物或事物）————。
：例如，although he is small and thin，the brave man decide to challenge the man stronger than him（虽然他又小又瘦，但这个勇敢的男人决定挑战比他强壮的人）3，Eventually, several Chinese characters can be noticed, which say that___________________________.最后，一些汉字写道：———————————.描述汉字。
2017红宝书考研英语词汇(词汇分类整理)--基础词
【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 4bath 洗澡，淋浴；浴室bathe 弄湿；游泳，洗澡batch 一批，一组，一群acquaint 使认识，使了解acquaintance 熟悉，了解；熟人across 横越，穿过；在……对面satisfaction 满意，满足；乐事，愉快satisfactory 令人满意的，可喜的，恰当的satisfy 满意，使满意；使确信satire 讽刺，讽刺作品saturate 使饱和，浸透，使充满sauce 酱汁，调味汁；无礼，莽撞saucer 茶托，碟子sausage 香肠，腊肠saw 锯子；锯，锯开scan 细看，审视；浏览，扫描scandal 民愤；引起公愤的举动；丑闻；诽谤scar 疤，疤痕；精神上的创伤scarce 缺乏的，不足的；稀少的，罕见的scarcely 几乎不，简直没有，勉强；决不scare 惊吓，恐惧scarf 围巾，头巾scatter 撒播；消散，驱散scenario 可能发生的事，可能出现的情况scent 气味，香味；香水scholar 学者scholarship 奖学金；学问，学识school 学校；学院；学派，流派tablet 药片；碑，匾taboo 禁忌，戒律；避讳tackle 用具，装备；对付，处理，解决tactics 策略，战术tag 标签，货签tailor 裁缝；缝制；使适应tale 故事，传说tame 平淡的；驯服的；温顺的；驯服；控制，抑制tan 棕黄色，黄褐色；棕黄色的，棕褐色的tangle 绞在一起，乱作一团；混乱状态tank 坦克tanker 油船，油轮，油罐车；坦克手tap （水、煤气等管道或容器的）龙头，阀门，塞子；轻扣；窃听tape 录音带，磁带；录音tar 柏油，焦油tariff 税率，关税；收费，价目表tax 税(款)；负担，重负；指责，批评undergraduate 大学生，大学毕业生underground 地下的；地铁；（反抗敌人或反政府的）地下组织；在地下；秘密地undermine 暗中破坏，逐渐损害underneath 在下面，在底下van 有篷货车；先头部队；先锋，领导者vanity 虚荣心，浮华vapo(u)r 潮气，水汽；蒸汽vegetarian 素食者，素食vegetation 植物；草木vehicle 车辆，交通工具；媒介，载体cash 现款，现金；兑现cashier 收银员，出纳员catalog / catalogue 目录catastrophe 突如其来的大灾难或大灾祸dead 死去的；麻木的，无知觉的deadline 截止日期,最后期限deadly 致命的；非常的deaf 聋的；不愿听的dean 主任牧师；学监，系主任edible 可以吃的，可食用的edit 编辑，主编；剪辑edition 版本，版次editor 编辑，编者editorial 编辑的；社论，社评fake 赝品；假消息；骗子；伪造的；假装false 谬误的，虚伪的，假的fame 名声，名望familiar 熟悉的，通晓的；亲近的；随便的family 家，家庭成员；氏族，家族famine 饥荒，饥饿fantastic(al) 奇异的，异想天开的；极好的fantasy 幻想，想像reassure 使……安心，使……恢复信心rebel 反抗，反叛；反叛者，叛乱分子rebellion 叛乱，反抗，起义recede 后退；缩小；收回意见；跌落，低落receipt 收据，发票；收到，接到reception 接待；招待会；接收recession 经济衰退；退后，撤回recipe 烹饪法，食谱；诀窍，方法recipient 容易接受的；接受者；容量reciprocal 相互的；互惠的；相同的，相等的recit 背诵，朗诵【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 5veil 面纱，面罩；借口；掩饰vein 血管，静脉；纹理；裂痕velocity 速度，速率velvet 丝绒，天鹅绒vertical 垂直的；纵向的；垂直物，垂直线verge 边，边缘；接近，濒临versatile 多才多艺的；多功能的versus 以……为对手；与……相比peaceful 和平的；宁静的peak 山顶，最高点，顶峰pearl 珍珠pedal 踩踏板，骑自行车pedestrian 步行者；徒步的；平凡的，通俗的harassment 烦扰，骚扰；折磨人的东西harbor / harbour 港口；避难所；隐匿，包庇hard 硬的；努力的，艰苦的；冷酷无情的；猛烈的harden 使变硬；使变得冷酷无情hardly 几乎不；仅仅，刚刚；辛苦地，苛刻地hardship 艰难，困苦hardware 五金，金属制品；硬件impatient 不耐烦的，急躁的imperative 紧急的；命令式的；必要的事，必要性imperial 帝国的，帝王的；英制的impetus 推动，促进lane 小路，小巷；泳道，跑道lantern 灯，灯笼lap 大腿；舔食；拍击lapse 堕落，失足；流逝；失效laser 激光lash 鞭打；讽刺；摆动；捆绑mankind 人类manoeuvre / maneuver 策略，调动；用策略，操纵manual 手工做的，体力的；手册，指南manufacture 制造，加工；制造业；产品manuscript 手稿，原稿obstacle 障碍，妨碍，干扰obstruct 妨碍；阻塞，遮断obstruction 阻隔，妨碍，障碍物occasion 时刻，场合；盛会；时机occasional 偶尔的，间或发生的odd 奇数的；奇怪的；临时的；多余的odds 不平等，差异；机会odour / odor 气味，臭气，香味scissors 剪刀scold 责骂，训斥scout 侦察员，侦察机；搜索，侦察scramble 攀登；蔓延；争夺，竞争；搅乱某事物scrap 少量；废料；抛弃scrape 积攒，勉强过日子scratch 抓，搔；潦草地涂画；起跑线scream 尖声叫，嚎叫screen 屏，幕，帘；掩护，庇护；电影；筛选screw 螺旋，螺丝；拧，拧紧script 手稿；剧本scrutiny 详细审查；细看，监视sculpture 雕刻，雕刻品，雕塑seal 海豹；封条；图章；密封seam 缝，接缝seaside 海滨，海边second 第二的；次要的；赞成，附和secondary 中级的，第二的；次要的secretary 秘书，书记；部长，大臣section 部分，部门；地段，章节；截面，剖面sector 部分，部门；扇形segment 段，片，节，部分segregate 隔离，分离；分离的，隔开的seize 抓住；掌握；占领；没收tear 撕开，撕裂tease 戏弄；挑逗；缠扰者tedious 单调乏味的，令人厌倦的telegram 电报telegraph 电报机，打电报；报告telescope 望远镜tell 辨别，区别；讲述；吩咐；泄露undo 松开，解开undoubtedly 无疑，必定hero 英雄，勇士；男主角heroic 英雄的，英勇的heroin 海洛因heroine 女英雄；女主角【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 6battle 战役，战斗，斗争；搏斗battery 电池，电瓶；炮兵连，炮台bay 分隔间；突出结构；厉声强要；枣红色的adhere 粘附，附着；坚持，遵守adjacent 邻近的，毗连的adolescent 青少年的,青春期的；青少年adore 崇拜，爱慕，敬爱advent 出现，到来adventure 冒险，惊险活动；奇遇adverse 敌对的；有害的；相反的advertise 做广告，登广告宣传ceiling 天花板；最高限度cell 细胞；小囚房，蜂房；电池cement 水泥；胶合剂；巩固，加强censorship 审查，检查，审查制度census 人口普查cent 分；分值的硬币center / centre 中心，中央；集中central 中心的，中枢的；主要的century 世纪，（一）百年centigrade 摄氏温度计；摄氏的centimeter / centimeter 厘米cereal 谷类；谷类的，谷类制成的debt 债，债务debut 首次亮相；初次登台decay 腐朽，腐烂；衰退deceit 欺骗，欺骗行为deceive 欺骗，蒙蔽decent 体面的；正派的，合乎礼仪的decimal 十进（位）的；小数的；小数ego 自我，自尊，自负fare 吃，进食；生活；进展；遭遇farewell 辞行，告别farther 更远地，再往前地fast 迅速的；紧紧地，牢固地fasten 使固定，使牢固fate 命运fatal 致命的；宿命的，命中注定的fatigue 疲劳；（使）疲劳fault 过失，过错；缺点，毛病，故障，挑剔，指责faulty 有缺点的，有错误的fax 传真（机）；传真，传输giggle 咯咯笑；持续的笑glacier 冰川，冰河glare 怒视，瞪眼；（发）强光glance 一瞥，扫视，看glimpse 一瞥，一看glitter 光彩夺目，闪耀；闪光glow 发热，发光；光亮，光辉harvest 收获，收成；成果，后果haste 急忙，匆忙；赶快，赶紧hasty 匆忙的，仓促的；草率的hatch 策划，图谋；孵出；舱口，小门hatred 憎恨，憎恶，怨恨haul 拖拽，拖运，用力拖hawk 鹰，隼；兜售，沿街叫卖hay 干草hazard 危险；危害物；机会he 他；泛指男性或女性，男性；雄性；雄性动物jog 慢跑；轻击，轻摇joint 接头，接缝；关节；共同的，联合的jolly 欢乐的，高兴的；非常地kid 小孩，儿童；戏弄，嘲弄kidnap 绑架，劫持kidney 肾，肾脏kill 杀死；破坏，毁掉；消磨late 迟的，晚期的；已故的；迟，晚lately 最近，不久前later 后来，以后；后来的，以后的latent 潜在的，隐伏的，不易察觉的latitude 纬度laughter 笑，笑声launch 发射，发动；下水laundry 洗衣房；所洗衣物reckless 鲁莽的；不顾危险的reckon 计算；认为；估计，判断reclaim 改造；开垦，开拓；收回【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 7gallop 飞跑；飞速发展；飞涨gallery 画廊，美术馆；长廊，走廊galaxy 星系；银河；一群peel 脱落；脱衣；削皮peep 偷看，窥视penalty 处罚，惩罚penetrate 穿透，看破；洞察，了解peninsula 半岛penny 便士，少量的钱pension 养老金，抚恤金people 人民，民众；民族perfume 香水，香料，香气permanent 永久的，持久的permeate 透入，渗透，弥漫permission 允许，同意permit 通行证，执照；许可，允许quantify 用数量表示，测量quantitative 数量的，定量的quantity 量，数量race 竞赛，赛跑；种族，人种racial 种族的rack 架子，行李架；剧烈痛苦；折磨racket 喧闹，考验；球拍radio 收音机，无线电（讯），用无线电发送讯息radioactive 放射性的，放射引起的radius 半径；范围rag 破布，碎布；（格调低下的）报纸，小报；嘲笑rage 狂怒，盛怒raid 袭击，搜查；突然搜查semester 学期semiconductor 半导体seminar 研究班，研讨会senate 参议院senator 参议员sentence 句子；判决，宣判sentiment 情操，情感；意见，观点session 会议，一段时间sew 缝，缝纫shine 照耀，发光；光泽shipment 装船，装运，装载量shiver 战栗，发抖shock 震动，冲击；（使）震动，（使）震惊shoot 射击，发射；发芽；狩猎shot 开枪，射击；弹丸，炮弹shopkeeper 店主shore 海滨，湖滨shortage 不足，缺少shortcoming 短处，缺点shorthand 速记shove 推，挤；乱放，乱塞temple 庙宇，神殿；太阳穴tempo 节奏，行进速度tenant 承租人，房客，佃户tender 脆弱的；温柔的；提示，提供tense 拉紧的，紧张的tension 张力，拉力；紧张tent 帐篷then 当时；那么，因而；于是thereafter 此后，以后thereby 因此，从而therefore 因此，所以vest 背心，马甲veteran 老手，老兵veto 否决；禁止，反对walk 步行，散步，步行道ward 病房；行政区；保卫，守卫wardrobe 衣柜，衣橱；全部服装warehouse 仓库，货栈warfare 战争，斗争，冲突warmth 温暖；热心，热情warn 警告，告诫warrant 授权，批准；许可证；授权给；保证aerial 空中的，航空的；天线affluent 丰富的，富裕的，繁荣的afterward(s) 后来，以后against 反对；违反；对比age 年龄；时代；变老，变成熟coach 长途汽车；辅导员，教练；指导，辅导coalition 联合，同盟coarse 粗糙的；粗鲁的，粗俗的cognitive 认知的，有关认识的inject 注射，注入injure 使受伤；损害，伤害injury 损伤，损害，毁坏ink 墨水，墨汁，油墨；签署，签订inland 国内的，内地的；在内陆，向内地inlet 水湾，小湾；进口，入口blank 空白的；失色的，无表情的blanket 毯子，毛毯；厚；全面的，包含所有的light 光，光线；光源；点燃；照亮；轻的；轻松的lightning 闪电；闪电般的，快速的【红宝书】考研英语词汇基础词Unit 8sick 有病的；恶心的side 侧面，旁边，一边；一方，一派sideways 侧身地，横着，斜着；斜向一边的siege 包围，围攻；说服；长期折磨sigh 叹息，叹息声sight 视力，视觉；视野；情景sightseeing 观光，游览silence 寂静，沉默；使沉默，使安静silent 寂静的，无声的；沉默的silicon 硅silly 傻的，愚蠢的，糊涂的silver 银；银器，银币；镀银thread 线，线状物；思绪，思路；穿过，通过threshold 门槛，入门，开端throne王位，君权throw扔，抛，投thrust推，刺，戳，插，挤；推动力unfold展开，打开；展现，披露unfortunately不幸地uniform不变的，相同的，统一的；制服unit单位，单元；部件，元件，装置unite 联合，团结，统一，合并unity团结；一致，和谐；整体violet紫罗兰；蓝紫色；蓝紫色的virgin纯净的，原始的，未开垦的；处女；童男virus病毒，有害影响vocal有声的；歌唱的；元音；声乐作品vocation职业，行业voice声音，嗓音；说出，表达volcano火山voyage航海，航程；旅行waterfall瀑布waterproof不透水的，防水的wave波浪；示意，致意；飘动，挥动wax蜡；打蜡although虽然，尽管，即使altitude高度，海拔altogether总共；完全地，全部地；总之ambassador大使amiable亲切的，和蔼可亲的amid在……中belly腹部；涨满；凸出beloved爱人，心爱的人；敬爱的below在下面，向下belt（皮）带，腰带；地带bench工作台；长凳，条凳clap拍手；轻拍；掌声clarify澄清，阐明clarity清晰，明晰clash碰撞；冲突clasp拥抱，握手；扣子，钩子class级别，年级；等级，类别；把……分类classic杰作，名著；不朽的，古典的classical经典的，古典的classification分类，门类classify分类，分等（级）clause条款；从句，分句depart离开，启程；离职departure离开，启程；背离；违反；逾越depict描绘，描述deplore公开谴责；强烈反对depth深度deputy代理人，副手enclose围住，包围；含有enclosure围住，圈占fiber / fibre纤维gorgeous华丽的，灿烂的；宜人的，豪华的gossip流言蜚语；闲聊；传播流言蜚语gown长袍，法衣，礼服，睡袍grade等级，级别；年级；程度；分级，分类grain谷物，谷类；颗粒，细粒gram(me)克hedge树篱；保护手段；避免正面答复，拒绝承认heel脚后跟height高，高度；高地，高处heighten提高，升高，加强heir继承人helicopter直升机hell地狱；苦境，极大痛苦helmet头盔，钢盔helpful有帮助的，有益的，有用的hemisphere半球hence从此，今后；因此henceforth今后herald预示；宣布；预兆；使者herb药草，香草，草本植物herd放牧；聚在一起；兽群，牧群heritage遗产，继承物；传统。
2017考研英语一真题及答案(完整版)
2017考研英语一真题及答案(完整版）范文】Dear James Cook,Welcome to China! I'm writing this email to recommend some scenic spots in Beijing to you so that you can have a wonderful time here.First of all, you could have a visit to the Summer Palace and Forbidden City, which are renowned for its old buildings and diverse cultures. After that, it is advisable to go to Wang Fujing, where you can have a taste of some delicious local food while enjoying the traditional culture. Finally, you can go to the National Museum, in which some traditional art exhibitions are being held. What do you think of my plans?I sincerely hope that you could enjoy yourselves in Beijing and it will be my pleasure to be your guide.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning , and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )【参考范文】Portrayed in the two cartoons is thought-provoking: In the left one, a young man, comfortably lounging on the chair, is looking at his huge bookshelf full of books contentedly, while the other, in the right drawing, is determined to finish reading 20 books in a year.By this scenario, the cartoonist is trying to awaken us to the importance of reading and sticking to our goals. It is universally held that with the advance of modern society, only those equipped with updated knowledge which requires constant reading are most likely to reach the summit of the success. Conversely, without persistent learning and taking actions, our objectives are bound to be a fantasy. Indeed, people fail always because they stop trying, not because they encounter invincible difficulties.From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that only those who keep learning and cherish the spirit of persistence have opportunities to succeed. Therefore, such essence is an important virtue worthy of being fostered. If you understand and adhere to this principle in your study and work, you will definitely benefit greatly.。
考研英语作文必备词汇
考研英语作文必备词汇Certainly! Here's a list of essential vocabulary for writing a postgraduate entrance examination (commonly known as the "Gao Kao") English essay:1. Academic Achievement - 学术成就2. Advocate - 提倡3. Ambition - 雄心4. Analyze - 分析5. Approach - 方法6. Assess - 评估7. Balance - 平衡8. Challenge - 挑战9. Collaboration - 合作10. Competence - 能力11. Cultural Diversity - 文化多样性12. Debate - 辩论13. Develop - 发展14. Diligence - 勤奋15. Economic Growth - 经济增长16. Efficiency - 效率17. Employment Opportunities - 就业机会18. Environmentally Friendly - 环保的19. Ethical Issues - 道德问题20. Globalization - 全球化21. Healthcare - 医疗保健22. Innovation - 创新23. Integration - 整合24. Interpersonal Skills - 人际交往能力25. Leadership - 领导力26. Motivation - 动机27. Opportunity - 机会28. Perseverance - 毅力29. Perspective - 视角30. Policy - 政策31. Prejudice - 偏见32. Productivity - 生产力33. Quality Education - 素质教育34. Responsibility - 责任35. Sustainability - 可持续性36. Technological Advancements - 技术进步37. Tolerance - 宽容38. Tradition - 传统39. Urbanization - 城市化40. Vision - 视野When writing your essay, remember to use these words in context to enhance the quality and sophistication of your writing. Additionally, ensure that you understand the nuances of each word and use them appropriately to convey your ideas effectively.。
考研英语写作词汇积累.doc
考研英语写作词汇积累导语：考研英语写作的提高需从细节处入手，那么考研的考生们除了背诵一些范文模板外，还需要掌握一些常用词汇，才能在写作中游刃有余，写出“源于模板，高于模板”的好文章。
下面总结了考研英语写作中常用到的一些表达，希望对广阔考生有所帮助。
存在e to be; e into existence; e to birth; e into being考虑consider; take into consideration; take into aount 考虑到in consideration of用尽力气exhaust one’s strength; use up one’s strength开动initiate; set going准备…brace for; prepare for在于lie in; rest on; rest with主动take the initiative不算exclusive of; not counting; leaving out应该得到deserve; have right to; is worthy of防止avoid; shun; get around; circumvent梦想fantasy; play of the mind以此标准来算by this criterion; by this standard乍看之下at first glance面对in the face of; in the presence of以by means of; by virtue of; by the use of不惜代价at all costs每况愈下from bad to worse承受错误造成的后果in reaping the harvest of his mistakes取得同意…get the go-ahead to不择手段unscrupulously; by hook or by crook想法与作法beliefs and practices内情ins and outs; turns and twists关键时刻the critical moment虽然although; notwithstanding; albeit; though根据aording to; on the basis of; on the ground of (that); in the light of; in line with; in aordance with 逃避问题evade the question增大enlarge; extend; aggrandize澄清clarify; make clear赔偿pensate for; give…as pensation for实现carry out; implement; realize; make…e true假定suppose; assume; postulate; hypothesize极端的radical; extreme极端的措施drastic measures。
考研-英语二作文模板
英语二作文模板社会热点类模板1：The two pictures illustrate vividly ……. In the left picture ……,while in the right …….From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of ……. Asidefrom ……,another telling example is ……,which was so successful in that ……. The pictures also make it obvious that we should …….Admittedly,it is natural that ……. Nevertheless,it is the responsibility of our government and society to ……. In my opinion,what’s the more important is to ……. In short,…….社会热点类模板2：It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem; ……. In this drawing,Even ……..It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of ……. Though the drawing is a little exaggerating,it is not rare for us to find in ……. If we let this situation of continues,it not only harms ……,but also prevents …….Accordingly,we urgently call for ……. Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations,it still failz to ……. In my opinion,this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits. I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.家庭关系类模板1：The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. The artist purposefully exaggerates…… . This picture reveals the in-depth problem of…… .In fact,…… . There are two reasons for this. The first and perhaps most important is that…… . The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view.…… . It owes to…… .In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our…… . What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,…… . Therefore,…… I strongly contend that…… .家庭关系类模板2：There is a popular Chinese song, named "…… ", which encourages…… . However, the in the picture does but for a very different reason—…… . From the facial expression of we can read…… .Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today's society, for which are responsible. For one thing,…… . For another,…… . As a matter offact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of…… .The above analysis is best exemplified by…… . In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success.人生价值类模板1：As the old Chinese saying goes,…… . It echoes with this picture in which…… . The title of the picture further points out that…… .The picture is meant to…… . As far as I am concerned, I think…… . This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of…… , where…… .A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of…… .…… , for example,…… . The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from…… .人生价值类模板2：From the picture we can perceive that…… . What astonishes the drawing and the read ers is that…… . It is known to all that…… , but it seems…… . The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that…… . Ultimately, the trend boils down to…… . Accordingly,…… . To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking…… .In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost，the whole society should arrive at theconsensus that…… . Besides，an awareness of should be infused into everybody's mind.文化交流类模板1：It is a very eye-catc hing photo in which…… . What makes this picture extraordinary is ……, which clearly indicates…… .The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of…… , that is,…… , and therefore，…… . China，in particular，…… . The effect of such communication ca n be best exemplified by …….While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. ……is not only featured by…… ,but more importantly, by…… . I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.文化交流类模板2：What is presented here is a very interesting scenario…… . From the subtitle we can infer that…… . Conspicuously,…… .We can deduce from the picture that…… . It partly owes to…… , and partly to…… . Except the case reflected in the picture, th ere are numerous evidence demonstrating…… . For example,…… .From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness ……. To sum up,…… . As for China,…… . Therefore,……. I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.教育类模板1：As the title indicates, “…… ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that…… . It is discernable that…… .The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenonex isting negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,…… . That is to say,…… . Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,…… . Secondly,…… . Last but not the least,…… .In my point of view,…… , but it is only par t of the picture. On the other hand,…… . Therefore, it is an urgent task to…… . As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.教育类模板2：The picture show s…… . symbolizes…… . As is quoted in the picture,…… .It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China—in contrast with…… . One the one hand，the problem partially attributes to…… . Sometimes…… . On the other hand,…… . For example,…… ,while…… .In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.对比论证类模板1：According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that. In the left picture,…… . A the same time，as the right one shows. Different people have different views on…… .Some people support by claiming that…… . In their opinion,…… . In addition,…… . Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who…… . Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for…… , sometimes for…… , sometimes simply for…… .In my point of view, both sides are partly right. To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision. Therefore, my conclusion would be that…… .对比论证类模板2：From the drawing, we can learn that…… . It can be seen easily that…… . We can deduce fro m that people’s opinion on vary from person to person. Some people take it for granted that…… . For example，they firmly believethat…… . But they often neglect that fact that…… . Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view. They think that…… . Beside,…… .Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows. Firstly,…… . Moreover,…… . Lastly,…… . Therefore,…… .情感类模板1：As is shown in the picture above,……. Obviously from we can surmise that …….It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of …… . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,…… . Additionally, we can also hear many stories ab out …… .Not to mention those moving casesof …… .All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a …… .By ……, people not only harvest ……, but also gain that can never be purchased via money.情感类模板2：Just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society，more and more people begin to …… . It is rather good newsto …… .The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,…… . Moreover, thereare …… .In addition，we should not forget …….……is a good way to expre ss human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals' sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that…… . I am sure o ur society will hence be more beautiful because of…… .考研英语大作文模板(展望未来型)：With the rapid advances of _____________ in recent years,___has____________(引出现象). However, _______has________________, as____________(提出问题). As a result, _____has____________________(指出影响). The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.First , __________________(影响一). More importantly,________________(影响二). Hence, I believe that we will see a____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a______(或反面展望)There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The first is that the more(比较级)_____, themore (比较级). In addition, we all agreethat________________________(第二个原因)考研英语大作文模板(图画作文)：This illustration depicts_________ (图画中的人物)Ving,with______________(补充说明). Recently it has become common forpeople in many walks of life to_____________(进一步阐释)It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题), which is ______________(进一步的说明). He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节). In my opinion, ___________(个人阐述). This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race). Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在). One the one hand, we must _________________(建议一). It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明). On the other hand,________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景).考研英语大作文模板(图表作文)：The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(图表主题). The first thing we notice is that_______________(图表最大特点). This means that as __________, _________________(进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that _______________(图表细节一). After ving_________(细节一中的第一个变化), the _____Ved+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化). The figures also tells usthat_________________________(图表细节二). (数据位置，如In the second column), we can see that ____________accounts for _______(进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusionthat___________(结论). The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that_____________(给出原因). / It is high time that we Ved(发出倡议考研英语二图表作文模板第一段（一升一降一不变，一缓慢）What a thought-provoking and illuminating chart it is! As is apparently depicted in the chart, it is obvious that（内容）soared from（数据）in（年份）to（数据）in（年份）, While, as a sharp contrast, （内容）decreasedfrom（数据）in（年份）to（数据）in（年份）.In addition ,（内容）was almost the same in（年份）and（年份）./（there was only a slow increase from（数据）in（年份）to（数据）in（年份））第二段（解释具体原因）Why does this phenomenon revealed in the chart above appear? Several reasons accounting for the situation can be what follows. To begin with ,Iam strongly convinced that this is partly duo to the fact that（原因一）, In addition, this is partly because ，（原因二）, Last but not least,this is partly because（原因三）. Maybe there are some other reasons bring about this phenomenon. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.第三段（发表个人观点）From the analyses made above , we may come to the conclusion that（结论）.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。
考研英语作文考前必背高分词汇
考研英语作文考前必背高分词汇考研英语作文考前必背高分词汇我们在进行考研的时候，面对英语作文，我们需要把考前必背高分词汇掌握好。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语作文考前必背高分词汇参考资料，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语作文必背工作类词汇1.ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的2.adaptability 适应性3.adapt oneself to … 使自己适应…4.prosperity 繁荣5.be disadvantageous to … 对…不利6.flow of personnel 人才流动7.mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制8.survival of the fittest 适者生存9.a sense of accomplishment 成就感10.potentiality 潜能11.learn to cooperate and compromise 学习合作和妥协12.be deeply impressed with … 对…印象很深pany philosophy 企业文化14.flexibility 灵活性petitive 竞争激烈的16.arena 舞台17.team-work spirit 团队合作精神18.treasure opportunity 珍惜机会19.a fat salary 收入颇丰20.a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系21.a sense of responsibility 责任感22.material gains 物质待遇23.promising future 光明的前途24.bright prospect 光明的前景25.a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作26.turning point 转折点27.be closely related to … 与…息息相关28.get advanced in the society 出人头地29.a decent job 一份体面的.工作30.chance of promotion 升迁机会31.stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感32.keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新33.expand one’s horizon 开阔视野34.balance work and life 平衡工作和生活35.from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族36.shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担起自己的责任37.upgrade oneself 提升自我38.a well-paid job 高收入工作39.creative work 创造性工作40.stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战41.realize the value of life 实现人生价值42.enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历43.cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44.seek for personal development 追求个人发展45.display one’s talent 展示才能46.a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感47.promotion opportunity 提升机会48.meet one’s personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求49.define one’s role 确定自己的角色50.social recognition 社会认可51.accumulate experience 获取经验52.inspiring 鼓舞人心的53.motivation 动机54.workaholic 工作狂55.working environment 工作环境56.work overtime 加班57.improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力58.develop one’s talents 培养才智59.ideal workplace 理想工作场所60.master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能考研英语作文考前必背媒体类词汇1.paparazzi 狗仔队2.mass media 大众媒体3.entertainment 娱乐4.journalism 新闻业5.journal 期刊6.the latest news 最新消息7.exclusive news 独家新闻8.news agency 新闻社9.news 新闻10.news censorship 新闻审查11.freedom of the press 新闻自由12.coverage 新闻报道13.do reportage on … 报导…14.hit the headlines 上头条15.issue 出版、发行16.newsstand 报摊17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18.chief editor 总编19.editorial 社论20.newsworthy 值得报道的21.barometer 晴雨表22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表23.live broadcast 直播24.quiz show 智力竞争节目25.game show 游戏节目26.variety show 综合节目27.talk show 脱口秀28.sitcom 情景喜剧29.soap opera 肥皂剧30.movie star 电影明星31.movie king 影帝32.movie queen 影后33.affair 绯闻34.celebrity 名人35.fame 名声36.rise to fame 声名鹊起37.fan 粉丝38.invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39.misleading 误导性的40.cheating 欺骗性的41.popularity 知名度42.scandal 丑闻43.sensational 轰动的44.prevalent 普遍的、流行的45.imperative 重要的、必要的46.audience ratings 收视率47.propaganda 宣传48.be abducted by 受…诱导49.purify one’s soul 净化心灵50.live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中51.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52.meet different tastes 满足不同口味53.provide somebody with something 给…提供…54.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚mit crimes 犯罪56.be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57.impressive 给人印象深刻的58.right to know 知情权59.in the dis guise of … 打着…的幌子60.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全考研英语作文必备词汇一、个人品质类(一)成功相关的品质自信：self-confidence乐观：optimism合作：cooperation坚持不懈：perseverance/persistence奋斗：make arduous efforts拼搏：a determined spirit毅力：willpower设定目标：set a goal进取精神：a striving spirit心胸开阔：open-mindedness采取行动：take initiatives积极的态度a positive attitude正确的方向a right way脚踏实地：keep your feet on the ground理想：ambition;dream信念：belief承担责任：undertake the responsibility(二)成功道路上的困难逆境：adversity困境：dilemma坎坷：obstacle挫折：frustration/setback困难：difficulty/trouble压力：stress/pressure(三)成功相关建议提高综合素质：enhance comprehensive quality树立全局观：adopt an overall point of view增强相互合作：strengthen mutual cooperation增长见识：widen one's knowledge坚守目标：stay with an objective争取机会：strive for a good opportunity减压：relieve/reduce pressure/stress保持身心健康：stay physical and psychological health 激发自我潜能 stimulate one's potential有效管理自己的时间 manage one's time effectively不抱怨：make no complaints二、文化类传统文化：traditional culture民族文化：national culture中华文明的象征：a symbol of Chinese civilization文化习俗：cultural customs文化遗产：cultural heritage文化传承：cultural inheritance文化交流：cultural exchange文化融合：cultural integration文化冲突：cultural conflict/shock弘扬民族文化：promote national culture传统节日：traditional Chinese Festivals including the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Dragon Boat Day and the Mid-Autumn Day三、社会热点社会文明：social civilization生态文明：ecological civilization公共秩序：social orders和谐：living in harmony with others/nature; a harmonious society平等：equality法治：abide by laws敬业：dedicate oneself to work诚信：honesty/integrity友善：friendliness/kindness幸福感：happiness;fulfillment;achievement;self-realization知足常乐：having a contented mind创业：start one's own business创新：innovation经济一体化：economic integration城市化：urbanization城乡平衡：the balance between the development of urban and rural areas四、互联网时代互联网+：the fundamental role of the Internet in the society 网络安全：the network security信息泄露：the leakage of personal information谣言：rumor隐私：privacy信息泛滥：the explosion of information在线购物/教育/服务：online shopping/education/services电子商务：e-commerce/business互联网的普及：the popularization of the Internet。
2023年考研英语二真题和答案
2023年研究生考试英语二真题和答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you're the CEO of a small business, and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement. This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. 19 attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1. A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2. A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3. A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4. A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5. A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6. A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7. A. despite B. unlike C. through D. beside8. A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9. A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10. A. cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11. A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12. A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13. A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14. A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In as sense15. A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16. A. share B. indentify C. divide D. broaden17. A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18. A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19. A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20. A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut – and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles. The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural' Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS. Said:” We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account, which claims to “cut through the green wash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of $500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguard in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures, such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to strengthen sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass_________.A. is harmful to the environmentB. is a hot topic in gardening circlesC. is overpraised in the annual showD. is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners_________.A. disappointment with the RHSB. resistance to fake grass useC. anger over the proposed taxD. concern about real grass supply23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of take grass point out_________.A. the necessity to lower the costs of fake grassB. the disadvantages of growing real grassC. the way to take care of artificial lawnsD. the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What should the government do with regard to artificial grass?A. Urge legislation to restrict its use.B. Take measures to guarantees its qualityC. Remind its users to obey existing rulesD. Replay it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text take fake grass_________.A. is being improved continuouslyB. has seen a market share declineC. is becoming increasingly affordableD. has been a controversial productText 2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department's Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park ServiceMoreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them-whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America's past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites including Ellis Island and Gettysburg and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?A. Decline of business profitsB. Inadequate commercializationC. Lack of transportation servicesD. Poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_________.A. spoil visitor experienceB. help preserve natureC. bring operational pressureD. boost visits to parks28. According to Paragraph 5, most respondents in the survey would_________.A. go to the national parks on a regular basisB. advocate a bigger budget for the national parksC. agree to pay extra for the national parksD. support the national parks’ recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they_________.A. lead the way in tourismB. have historical significanceC. sponsor research on climateD. provide an income for the locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_________.A. is able to cope with staff shortagesB. is able to meet visitor’ demandsC. is in need of a new pricing policyD. is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 2011, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer (“an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,” for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in. They didn’t remember the information, but they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but “adapting to new communications technology,” Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as “cognitive offloading.” Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking-something that is not available on the Internet. “ I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things." Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscieuce and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Intemet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,” observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.”31. Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will_________.A. analyze information in detailB. collect information efficientlyC. switch its focus of memoryD. extend its memory duration32. The process of “cognitive offloading” _________.A. helps us identify false informationB. keeps our memory from failingC. enables us to classify trivial factsD. lessens our memory burdens33. Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A. It may reform our learning approachB. It may impact our society negativelyC. It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains _________.A. requires further academic researchB. is most studies in older adultsC. is reflected in our reading speedD. depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that _________.A. our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB. the Internet is weakening our memoryC. memory exercise is a must for our brainsD. our ability to focus declines with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a longtime, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity. Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior andrisk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn't seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36. According to paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to _________.A. develop opposite personality traitsB. see the world in an unreasonable wayC. have fond memories of their pastD. show affection for their parents37. It can be learned from paragraph 2 that Crone's study _________.A. explores teenagers' social responsibilitiesB. examines teenagers' emotional problemsC. provides a new insight into adolescenceD. highlights negative adolescent behavior38. What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?A. It results from the wish to cooperate.B. It is cultivated through education.C. It is subject to family influence.D. It tends to peak in adolescence.39. It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers _________.A. overstress their influence on othersB. care a lot about social recognitionC. become anxious about their futureD. endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?A. Why teenagers are self-contradictory.B. Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.C. How teenagers develop prosociality.D. How teenagers become independent.Part BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaring New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England are part of governmentplans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed, “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directing affected. “The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he explains. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions. and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of My Job Quote, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions. “Glazing on windows, doors and roof lights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss,” he says.As the rules come into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator.Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “Whilst admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of house building at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of home ownership,” says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers. “An average extension will probably see around £3.000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.” he says.However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects. “Homeowners will probablyrecoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”A. The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.41. Brian Berry B. Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.42. Gareth Belsham C. There will be specific limits on home extensions to prevent heat loss.43. Marcus Jefford D. The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.44. John Kelly E. Many people feel that home prices are already beyond what they canafford.45. Andrew Mellor F. The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include newwindows or doors.G. The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud Poems really come to life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday, and your friend David asks you which one he should go to. Write him an email to1) make a suggestion, and2) give your reason(s).Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email; use “Li Ming” instead.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET（15points）2023年研究生考试英语二真题答案完形填空1-5: BCADD 6-10: DABBC 11-15: CDCAA 16-20: BDBCA阅读理解21-25: ABBCD 26-30: DACBD 31-35: CDAAB 36-40: ACDBA 41-45: DFBAG翻译18 世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
2023考研英语二真题及解析
2023英语二试题及答案Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entreprenuers face today:you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice1,you need to find a way to take it to the next lev el.what you need to do is2growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of m embers from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaborati on to focus3on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had50employees.Working in the5departments of engineering, marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growt h plateaued.The6was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product. And7improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard,9a growth team and sparked the kind of10perspective they needed.By loo king at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the11of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and w hat it offered.Armed with this12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently13the premium version to users of the free version.14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent.But in order for your growth,team to succeed,it needs to a have a strong leader.It needs someone who can15the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will16_the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the17of these goals.This growth leader is also18for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractons.19attractive,new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t20the current goal and need to de put on the back burner.1.A.purchase B.profit C.connection D.bet2.A.define B.predict C.prioritize D.appreciate3.A.exclusively B.temporarily C.potentially D.initially4.A.experiment B.proposal C.debate D.example5.A.identical B.marginal C.provisional D.traditional6.A.rumor B.secret C.myth D.problem7.A.despite B.unlike C.through D.besides8.A.moreover B.however C.therefore D.again9.A.inspected B.created C.expanded D.reformed10.A.cultural B.objective C.fresh D.personal11.A.end B.burden ck D.decrease12.A.policy B.suggestion C.purpose D.insight13.A.contributing B.allocating C.promoting D.transferring14.A.As a result B.At any rate C.By the way D.In a sense15.A.unite B.finance C.follow D.choose16.A.share B.identify C.divide D.broaden17.A.announcement B.assessment C.adjustment D.accomplishment18.A.famous B.responsible C.available D.respectable19.A.Before B.Once C.while D.Unless20.A.serve B.limit C.summarize D.alterText1In the quest for the perfect lawns,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut--and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositions has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsen Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event,declaiming it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which norms the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne of the RHS said:we launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environment benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.The RHS’s decision comes as compaginers try to raise awareness of the problem fake grass cause.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the greenwash”of artificial grass,already has more than20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sigh two petitions,one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecological damage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered7,276and11,282signatures.However,supporters of fake grass point out that there’s also an environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also points out that real grass require considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend on average of£500trees or shrouds for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.21.The RHS thinks that plastic grassA.is harmful to the environment.B.is a hot topic in gardening circlesC.is overpraised in the annual showD.is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph3reveal the campaigners'A disappointment with the RHS.B resistance to fake grass use.C.anger over the proposed tax.D.concern about real grass supply23.In Paragroph4.,supporters of fake grass point outA.the necessity to lower the costs of fake grassB.the disadvantage of growing real grass.C.the way to take care of artificial lawnsD the challenges of insect habitat protection24.what would the govenment do with regard to artifical grass?A Urge legislation to restrict its use.B Take measures to guarantee its qualityC Remind its users to obey existing rulesD.Replace it with sustainable alternatives25It can be learned from the text that fake grassA.is being improved continouslyB.has seen a market share docline.C.is becoming increasingly affordabeD has been a controversial product.Text2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the govemment is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12bllion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a crue-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of700U.S.taxpayers foundthat people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some81%ofrespondentsaid they would be willing to pay addítional taxes for the next10years to avoid anycuts to the national parks.The natiopal parks provide greaf yaluejto U.S.residents both as places to escape and assymbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America's past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only3bilion a year to the national park system—an amount that has been flat since2001(in inflation-adusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in2009.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased more than50%since1980,and now stands at330million visitors per year.26.What problem are US national parks faced with?A.Decline of business profitsB.Inadequate commercializationck of transportation servicesD.Poorly maintained infrastructure答案选D27.Increased privatization of the campgrounds may___A.spoil visitor experienceB.help preserve natureC.bring operational pressureD.boost visits to parks答案选A28.According to paragraph5,most respondents in the survey would___.A.go to national parks on a regular basis.B.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks.C.agree to pay extra for the national parks.D.support the national parks’recent reforms.答案选C29.The national parks are valuable in that theyA.lead the way in tourismB.have historical significanceC.sponsor research on climateD.provide an income for the locals.答案B30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_____A.is able to cope with staff shortagesB.is able to meet visitors’demandsC.is in need of a new pricing policyD.is in need of a funding increase.答案DText3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity todo so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record40factoids in a computer("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,"for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didn't remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but"adapting to new communications technology,"Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as"cognitive offloading."Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking-something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,"Sparrow says,adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J.Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a2008study involving24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles."There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,"observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm."It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better? At this point,we don't know."31.Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brain willA.analyze information in detailB.collect information efficientlyC.switch its focus of memoryD.extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”A.helps us identify false informationB.keeps our memory from failingC.enables us to classify trivial factsD.lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A.It may reform our learning approachB.It may impact our society negativelyC.It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD.It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Para3that how the Internet affects our brains?A.requires further academic researchB.is most studies in older adultsC.is reflected in our reading speedD.depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree thatA.our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB.the Internet is weakening our memoryC.memory exercise is a must for our brainD.our ability to focus declines with ageText4Teenagers are paradoxical.That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language.But the paradox is scientific as well as personal.In adolescence,helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time,once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Crone of the University of Lerden and colleagues,suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hard.The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a long time, scientists and policy markers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem needed to be solved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied"prosocial"and rebellious traits in more than200child and young adults,ranging from11to28years old.The participants filled out questions about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increased as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.But the new study shows that,interestingly,the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior.Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like selfishly help a friend.Most significantly,there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others.The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenager behavior is related to what researchers call”reward sensitivity." Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks,benefits and costs“Reward sensitivity”'measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game,impressing a new friend,getting that boy to notice you.Reward sensitivity,like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age.Somehow,when you hit30,the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the conch.36.According to Paragraph1,children growing into adolescence tend to AA.develop opposite personality traitsB.see the world in an unreasonable wayC.have fond memories of their pastD.show attention for their parents37.It can be learned form Paragraph2that Crone’s study CA.explores teenagers’social responsibilitiesB.examines teenagers’emotional problemsC.provides a new insight into adolescenceD.highlights negative adolescent behavior38.What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior D?A.It results from the wish to cooperateB.It is cultivated through educationC.It is subject to family influenceD.It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraph that teenagers B.A.overstress their influence on othersB.care a lot about social recognitionC.become anxious about their futureD.endeavor to live a joyful life40.what is the text mainly about?AA.why teenagers are self-contradictoryB.why teenagers are risk-sensitiveC.How teenagers develop prosocialityD.How teenagers become independentPart BNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by2050.They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industryexperts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders,a trade group for small and medium-sized builders,says the measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,”he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he says.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”The changes could mean an extra£3,000added to the bill of an average home extension, according to Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers,a group of professionals aimed at raising construction standards.Homeowners extending may see the amount of space they have decrease,as walls will have to be thicker in order to comply with requirements for better insulation.Andrew Mellor,of PRP architects,says external walls will need to be about7cm thicker than previously.Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,a site which sources quotes,says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflights must cover no more than25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,”he says.As properties become more airtight,there are also measures to ensure proper airflow,such as having small openings(trickle vents)on windows that allow ventilation when a window is closed.For people extending their homes,they may be required to install a new,or replacement, heating system depending on the size of the build,says Belsham.These will have to use lower temperature water to deliver the same heat,which will require increased insulation of pipes.“We’ll see more insulation,better lighting design and restrictions on the amount of glass used in some areas.But with more thermal-efficient homes can come the risk of overheating due to solar gain,and so ventilation is also covered,”says Rolande.“As a result,double-glazed windows will require trickle vents to let heat escape and also to provide fresh air for health reasons and,of course,to reduce the risk of condensation build up in an ever-more airtight property.”As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline,according to Belsham.Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can go ahead as long as work starts before15June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed the paperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator,which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient,they will eventually drive down heating bills.But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work.Materials prices are already up25%in the last two years,according to figures from theConstruction Products Association.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear.“While admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,”says Rolande.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes prices will eventually come down.But not in the immediate future.“As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies that support them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,”he says.However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Mellor.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will have that benefit over time.”In the future,there will be increased competition between companies to supply insulation technology,says Belsham,which should result in lower prices.Failing to follow building regulations could result in prosecution.Local authorities have the power to serve an enforcement notice forcing the owner to alter,or remove,the contravening work.The measures are part of government plans to reduce carbon emissions as part of its bid to make the UK net zero st week’s rule changes apply to England.Scotland and Wales brought in similar changes recently.A.The rise of house price is a temporary matter.B.Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.C.There will be specific limit on home extensions to prevent heat loss.D.D.The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.E.Many people feel that home prices are already beyond what they can afford.F.The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows anddoors.G.The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.41.Brian Berry42.Gareth Belsham43.Marcus Jefford44.John Kelly45.Andrew Mellor46.41-45答案：D FBAGTranslationIn the late18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poem about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to anotherworld and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can be dramatic,funny,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come to life when they are cited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗而闻名。