湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷
2015年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试 历 史 本试题卷由选择题、材料解析题、简答题和探究题四部分组成，共6页，考试时量90分钟，满分100分。 一、选择题（本大题共25小题，满分50分，每小题2分，每小题所列的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求） 【 】1．汉字是历史悠久且至今仍在广泛使用的文字。其演变发展脉络为 A．篆书—甲骨文—楷书—隶书 B．甲骨文—篆书—隶书—楷书 C．甲骨文—楷书—隶书—篆书 D．篆书—隶书—楷书—甲骨文 【 】2．春秋时期，主张“道”是世界万物的本原，提倡清静无为的思想家是 A．老子 B．孔子 C．墨子 D．韩非子 【 】3．秦始皇为总揽全国政治、经济和军事等一切大权，开创的以皇权为中心的中央官制是 A．王位世袭制 B．分封制 C．三公九卿制 D．三省六部制 【 】4．中国官营手工业历史悠久、成就卓著，其中，能充分展示商周灿烂辉煌文明的手工业成就是 A．白瓷制造技术 B．棉纺织技术 C．青铜铸造技术 D．青瓷制造技术 【 】5．两宋的商业经济空前繁荣，主要表现有 ①早市、夜市昼夜相连 ②城郊和乡村“草市”更加普遍 ③“交子”已经出现 ④徽商和晋商实力最强 A．②③④ B．①②③ C．①②④ D．①③④ 【 】6．黄宗羲是明清之际的进步思想家。下列属于其思想主张的是 A．罢黜百家，独尊儒术 B．存天理，灭人欲 C．心外无物，心外无理 D．天下为主，君为客 【 】7．乾隆皇帝回复英王乔治三世的信中说：“天朝物产丰盈，无所不有，原不籍下夷货物以通有无。”当时，清政府推行的对外政策是 A．重农抑商 B．闭关锁国 C．厚往薄来 D．对外开放 【 】8．中国民族资本主义产生于 A．洋务运动时期 B．戊戌变法时期 C．五四运动时期 D．国民革命时期 【 】9．右图为《民国时期的新式婚礼》照片。这种新式婚礼的出现，是因为①西方文明的传入②义和团运动的推动③洋务运动的诱导④辛亥革命的影响 A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 【 】10．第一次世界大战期间，张謇创办的南通大生纱厂等企业发展很快。但到20世纪20年代中期，张謇的企业就开始每况愈下。这是因为 A．辛亥革命没有推动中国民族资本主义发展 B．帝国主义侵略阻碍了中国民族资本主义发展 C．清政府放宽了对民间设厂的限制 D．中国人民抵制日货、提倡国货运动的影响 【 】11．为了积极发展同邻国和新兴民族独立国家的友好关系。1953年12月，周恩来在接见印度代表团时，首次提出了 A．“一边倒”的方针 B．和平共处五项原则 B．C．“求同存异”的方针 D．非集团、不结盟政策 【 】12．右图是某位同学的课堂笔记。其中空白处应是 A．人民代表大会制度的创立 B．“一国两制”构想的提出 C．“九二共识”的达成 D．“村民民主自治制度的建立 【 】13．1964年10月16日，中国西部地区上空升起了第一朵“蘑菇云”。它表明中国 A．第一颗原子弹爆炸成功 B．“东方红一号”卫星发射成功 C．“神州五号”飞船发射成功 D．“银河一I号”计算机研制成功 【 】14．2003年11月，世界贸易组织总干事素帕猜说：“回顾中国经济这两年的表现……中国正从世界第五大贸易国转变为第四位……进口总额已居世界第三位，仅在美国、德国之后。”中国在世界贸易中地位的变化，主要得益于 A．中美关系正常化 B．中日关系正常化 C．中国加入世界贸易组织 D．中国恢复在联合国的合法席位 【 】15．他是柏拉图的学生，古代希腊最博学的人；他认为在自然界中，人类是最高级的；他的名言是：“我爱我师，我更爱真理。”他是 A．普罗泰格拉 B．苏格拉底 C．泰勒斯 D．亚里士多德 【 】16．“承万能主宰的佑助，我在1492年发现印度大陆路，以及大批岛屿。”这里的“我”是 A．迪亚士 B．达·伽马 C．哥伦布 D．麦哲伦 【 】17．认为财产的私有是人类不平等的根源，并在其所著《社会契约论》中，阐述了“天赋人权”和“人民主权”思想的是 A．伏尔泰 B．卢梭 C．孟德斯鸠 D．康德 【 】18．长颈鹿原生长在非洲平原，干旱使青草减少，长颈鹿只好伸长脖子吃树叶，而这样伸长的脖子又传给后代，把这一现象解释为“获得性遗传”的是 A．牛顿 B．爱因斯坦 C．拉马克 D．瓦特 【 】19．下列中外文学作品中，具有典型浪漫主义风格的是 ①离骚 ②《诗经》③《巴黎圣母院》 ④等待戈多》 A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③ 【 】20．观察下图，你认为导致这一时期英国就业人口重变化的主要原因是 A．新航路开辟的影响 B．殖民扩张的影响 C．工业革命的影响 D．“新经济”的影响 【 】21．1875年初，国民议会最后以一票的微弱多数通过宪法，从法律上正式确立了共和政体的是 A．法国 B．英国 C．美国 D．德国 【 】22．1917年，俄国“二月革命”的结果包括 ①结束了罗曼诺夫王朝的统治 ②出现了两个政权并存的局面③建立了第一个社会主义国家 A．①③ B．①② C．②③ D．①②③ 【 】23．“冷战”是指二战后以美国为首的资本主义国家对苏联等社会主义国家采取的除武装进攻以外的一切敌对行动，其“行动不包括 A．推行杜鲁门主义 B．建立北约组织 C．实施马歇尔计划 D．发动朝鲜战争 【 】24．20世纪80年代，英国首相撒切尔夫人说：“社会有一个梯子和一张安全网，梯子用来供人们自己努力改善生活，安全网则用来防止人们跌入深渊。”这里的“安全网”指 A．“福利国家”制度 B．“混合经济” C．计划经济体制 D．欧洲联盟 【 】25．推动二战后世界经济朝着制度化、体系化方向发展的三大经济支柱不包括 A．国际货币基金组织 B．国际复兴开发银行 C．“关贸总协定” D．亚太经合组织 二、材料解析题（本大题共2小题，满分30分，其中26题14分，27题16分） 26．（14分）阅读下列材料，回答问题。 材料一 第5表，凡以遗嘱处分自己的财产，或对其家属指定监护人的。具有法律上的效力。 第8表 如有人打断自由人的骨头，他须偿付300阿司罚金；如被打折骨头的是奴隶，罚金可以减半。 ——《十二铜表法》 材料二 妇女不得参与任何公务；因而她们不能担任法官，或行使地方官吏的职责，或提出诉讼，或为他人担保，或担任律师。 ——《民法大全》 材料三 私有财产是神圣不可侵犯的权利，除非由于合法认定的公共需要的明显要求，并且在事先公平补充的条件下，任何人的财产不能被剥夺。 ——法国《人权宣言》 请回答： （1）根据材料一，指出“第5表是怎样处理私有财产的？（2分）“第8表”中的自由人与奴隶的社会地位有何不同？（2分）
（2）材料二反映了古罗马什么社会现象？（2分） （3）指出《十二铜表法》和《民法大全》在罗马法形成过程中各自的历史地位。（4分）
（4）根据材料一、三，并结合所学知识，简述罗马法的影响。（4分） 27．（16分）阅读下列材料，回答问题。 材料一 西洋人因为拥护德、赛两先生，闹了多少事，流了多少箅；德、赛两先生才渐渐从黑暗中把他们救出，引到光明世界。 ——陈独秀《〈新青年〉》罪案之答辩书》 材料二 1924年1月，中国国民党第一次全国代表大会在广州召开，大会通过了著名的《中国国民党第一次全国代表大会宣言》，在这篇宣言中，孙中山重新解释了三民主义。民族主义，一是“免除帝国主义之侵略”、使中华民族独立于世界；二是“中国境内各民族一律平等”，反对民族压迫。民权主义，以实行普遍平等的民权主义为主要内容，人民“不但有选举权，且兼有创制、复决、罢免诸权”。民生主义，一曰平均地权，二曰节制资本。 ——摘编自人教版《历史③必修．教师教学用书》 材料三 毛泽东率领湘赣边起义队伍，在攻打长沙受挫后，当机立断，改变原定部署，到敌人控制薄弱的井冈山，建立了第一个农村革命根据地，开创了一条有别于“城市中心论”的革命道路。 ——摘编自人教版必修《历史③》 请回答： （1）材料一中的“德、赛两先生”分别指什么？（4分）
（2）材料二反映了孙中山的哪一思想？（2分）结合所学知识，简述该思想的历史作用。（4分）
（3）材料三中毛泽东“开创了一条有别于‘城市中心论’的革命道路“是一条什么样的道路？（2分）根据材料三，指出他开辟这一革命道路的原因。（4分）
三、简答题（10分） 28．在探索社会主义建设道路过程中，苏联和中国都曾取得过辉煌成就，但也出现过严重失误。十一届三中全会后，中国实行改革开放，走上中国特色的社会主义建设道路。 请回答： （1）国内战争结束后，列宁为克服严重的经济和政治危机实行的经济政策是什么？（2分） （2）既促进苏联迅速实现工业化，又阻碍了苏联经济持续发展的经济模式是什么？（2分）
（3）指出20世纪50年代末中国社会主义建设出现的重大失误。（4分）
（4）十一届三中全会后，我国农村经济体制改革的主要形式是什么（2分） 四、探究题（10分） 29．在中国人民和世界反法西斯力量的沉重打击下，日本帝国主义被迫宣布无条件投降。经过八年抗日战争，中国人民终于取得了伟大胜利。 请回答： （1）中国抗日战争取得胜利是哪一年？（2分）
（2）中国抗日战争胜利有何重大历史意义？（6分） （3）在庆祝世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年之际，中国把9月3日确定为抗日战争胜利法定纪念日，你对此有何感想？（2分）
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷(数学).doc
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷数 学一、选择题1. 已知集合A={-1，0，1，2}，B={-2，1，2}则A B=（A{1} B.{2} C.{1，2} D.{-2，0，1，2}2.若运行右图的程序，则输出的结果是 （ ）A.4，B. 9C. 13D.223.将一枚质地均匀的 子抛掷一次，出现“正面向上的点数为6A.31 B.41 C.51 D.614.4cos4sinππ的值为（ ）A.21B.22C.42D.25.已知直线l 过点（0，7），且与直线y=-4x+2平行，则直线l 的方程为（ ）A.y=-4x-7B.y=4x-7C.y=-4x+7D.y=4x+7 6.已知向量),1,(),2,1(-==x b a 若b a ⊥，则实数x 的值为（ ） A.-2 B.2 C.-1 D.1 在下列区间中，函数f(x)必有零点的区间为 （ ）A.（1，2）B.（2，3）C.(3,4)D. (4,5)8.已知直线l ：y=x+1和圆C ：x 2+y 2=1,则直线l 和圆C 的位置关系为（ ） A.相交 B.相切 C.相离 D.不能确定 9.下列函数中，在区间（0，+∞）上为增函数的是（ ） A.xy )31(= B.y=log 3x C.xy 1=D.y=cosx 10.已知实数x,y 满足约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≥≤+,0,0,1y x y x 则z=y-x 的最大值为（ ）A.1B.0C.-1D.-2 二、填空题11.已知函数f(x)=⎩⎨⎧<+≥-),0(1)0(2x x x x x 则f(2)=___________.12.把二进制数101（2）化成十进制数为____________.13.在△ABC 中，角A 、B 的对边分别为a,b,A=600,a=3,B=300,则b=__________.14.如图是一个几何体的三视图，该几何体的体积为_________.15.如图，在△ABC 中，M 是BC 的中点，若,AM AC AB λ=+则实数λ=________. 三、解答题16.已知函数f(x)=2sin(x-3π), (1)写出函数f(x)的周期；（2）将函数f(x)图像上所有的点向左平移3π个单位，得到函数g(x)的图像，写出函数g(x)的表达式，并判断函数g(x)的奇偶性.17.某市为了节约生活用水，计划在本市试行居民生活用水定额管理.为了较合理地确定居民日常用水量的标准，有关部门抽样调查了100位居民.右表是这100位居民月均用水量（单位：吨）的频率分布表，根据右表解答下列问题：（1）求右表中a 和b 的值；（2）请将下面的频率分布直方图补充完整，并根据直方图估计该市每位居民月均用水量的众数.B0 1 2 3 4 5 6 月均用水量18.在四棱锥P-ABCD 中，底面ABCD 是正方形，PA ⊥底面ABCD ，且PA=AB. （1）求证：BD ⊥平面PAC ；（2）求异面直线BC 与PD 所成的角.19.如图，某动物园要建造两间完全相同的矩形熊猫居室，其总面积为24平方米，设熊猫居室的一面墙AD 的长为x 米（2≤x ≤6）. (1)用x 表示墙AB 的长；（2）假设所建熊猫居室的墙壁造价（在墙壁高度一定的前提下）为每米1000元， 请将墙壁的总造价y(元)表示为x(米)的函数； （3）当x 为何值时，墙壁的总造价最低？正项等比数列{a n }中，a 1=4,a 3=64. (1)求数列{a n }的通项公式a n ;(2)记b n =log 4a n ,求数列{b n }的前n 项和S n ;(3)记y=-λ2+4λ-m,对于（2）中的S n ,不等式y ≤S n 对一切正整数n 及任意实数λ恒成立，求实数m 的取值范围.参考答案B CD AP Ex一、选择题二、填空题11.2 12.5 13.1 14.3π 15.2 三、解答题 16.（1）2π（2）g(x)=2sinx ,奇函数. 17.（1）a==0.2 (2)2.5吨 18.（1）略 （2）45019.（1）AB=24/x; (2)y=3000(x+x16) (3)x=4,y min =24000. 1)a n =4n ; (2)S n =2)1(+n n (3)m ≥3.。
湖南省2023年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷(含答案)
湖南省2023年普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解The Louvre(罗浮宫) is the world's most-visited museum now, drawing nearly 10 million people each year. It is a museum about education whose main aim is to protect and pass on our heritage to future generations.As a palace in the past, the Louvre shows the history of France for about eight centuries. Divided among eight departments, the collections feature works admired throughout the globe, including the Mona Lisa, the Winged Victory of Samothrace, and the Venus de Milo.Special featureIn keeping with France's 2005 disability law, the Louvre aims to make sure all visitors can access the museum safely and comfortably. Special attention is given to the disabled throughout the museum. More importantly, Louvre's Touch Gallery has a space specially designed for members of the public with disabilities, inviting them to gain artistic knowledge by touch with the help of technique.Practical information* Buying tickets online is a good way to get into the museum in less than 30 minutes.* Tours of the Louvre are conducted by guides from the French national museum network. * Download or rent an audio guide and choose your visit! Explore the Louvre on your own, guided by the museum's experts.Tel.: +33(0)1 40 20 53 17The Louvre is open every day (except Tuesday) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.Closed on the following holidays: January 1, May 1, May 8, December 25.Night opening time: until 9:45 p.m. on Wednesdays and Fridays.1、How many people visit the Louvre every year?A. Less than 10,000.B.Nearly 1 million.C. Less than 1 million.D.About 10,000,000.2、What will tourists fail to see in the Louvre?A. Thousands Miles of Mountains and Rivers.B. The Mona Lisa.C.The Winged Victory of Samothrace.D. The Venus de Milo.3、What's the special feature of the Louvre?A.People can buy tickets online.B.Special attention is given to the disabled.C.Tours of the Louvre are conducted by guides.D. Everyone is allowed to touch the artworks.4、When is it suitable to visit the Louvre?A. At 2 p.m. on Tuesday.B.On May 1.C. At 7:45 p.m. on Wednesday.D. At 8:00 p.m. on Sunday.What a day! I started at my new school this morning and had the best time. I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers. I was nervous the night before, but I had no reason to be. Everyone was so friendly and polite. They made me feel at ease. It was like I'd been at the school for a hundred years!The day started very early at 7:00 a.m. I had my breakfast downstairs with my mum. She could tell that I was very nervous. Mum kept asking me what was wrong. She told me I had nothing to worry about and that everyone was going to love me. If they didn't love me, Mum said to send them her way for a good talking to. I couldn't stop laughing.My mum dropped me off at the school gate about five minutes before the bell. A little blonde(金发的) girl got dropped off at the same time and started waving(招手)at me. She ran over and told me her name was Abigail. She was very nice and we became close straightaway. We spent all morning together and began to talk to another girl called Stacey. The three of us sat together in class all day and we even made our way home together! It went so quickly. Our teacher told us that tomorrow we would really start learning and developing new skills.I cannot wait until tomorrow and feel as though I am really going to enjoy my time at my new school. I only hope that my new friends feel the same way too.5、What did the author think of her mother's advice?A.Humorous.B. Helpful.eless.D. Horrible.6、What of the following is TRUE about the author's first day of school?A. She had a hurried lunch.B. She met some nice classmates.C.She lost her way.D. She was late for school.7、What can we know about Abigail?A.She hated Stacey.B.She was shy and clever.C. She was afraid of the author.D. She was kind to the author.8、What is the best title for the passage?A.My Friends and My ParentsB.I Have a Good MumC.A Little Blonde Girl and Her MumD. The First Day at My New SchoolAccording to a recent survey carried out by The Economist(经济学家) magazine, Ireland is by far and away the best country in the world to live in.Once Ireland joined the EU in 1973, the base for economic growth started to be put into place. The 1990s saw the economic growth finally arrive-a total change in Ireland's economic fortunes was born. The country experienced year-on-year growth of almost ten per cent and now has the fourth-highest GDP per head in the world—a massive 36.5 thousand dollars per person. Coupled with this has been a huge drop in unemployment(失业率) from 20 percent15 years ago to around four per cent today, all of which has meant Dublin's newspapers now come with larger job sections and the country is looking to import up to 300 thousand new workers in the next few years.In many ways, Ireland is the perfect advertisement(广告)for the policies of the IMF and the World Bank as it is one of the few economies that has opened itself up to free trade, foreign investment(投资) and unregulated business activity, cut welfare(福利) spending and checked wage(工资) increases and yet still managed to grow rapidly.9、When did Ireland join the EU?A.In 1990.B. In 1973.C.In 1991.D.In 1974.10、What can we learn from the text?A.Business activity is regulated in Ireland.B.Dublin's newspapers now come with smaller job sections.C.Ireland is the bad advertisement for the policies of the IMF.D.Ireland will import up to 300 thousand new workers in the future.11、What does the underlined word "it" refer to?A.Free trade.B.The advertisement.C.The World Bank.D. Ireland.12、What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?A.Technology.B. Education.C.Economy.D. Nature.二、填空题13、How to Make Learning FunLifelong learning is important. And even better, it can be fun. Take steps to continue your education even after you've left school. There are many ways to make learning fun.●Find your learning style.You might be looking for ways to make learning more enjoyable. At times it can feel like your entire life centres on classes and studying. If you are able to find your best learning style, you can make this experience more enjoyable.●①_____Maybe you don't enjoy learning because it feels like an individual activity. One way to make it more enjoyable is to turn it into a group activity. Ask your friends to form a study group. You'll still be studying, but at least you will have company.●②_____If you are studying information that interests you, you will naturally enjoy learning more. When you are in high school and college, you will have some flexibility in choosing which classes to take. Take advantage of this opportunity to spend time doing what you enjoy.●③_____Learning does not have to occur only in the classroom. Activities out of the classroom area great way to meet new people and learn new things.A. Take part in activities.B.Choose topics you enjoy.C.Read a book.D. Study with your friends.三、完形填空When I was a teenager, I considered postcards as simply a way to share travels until I 1 my grandmother's postcard album(专册).It was a dark gray album, where most of the postcards had pictures that did not reflect a holiday or a travel destination. Instead, the notes were 2 invitations to a dinner party or a walk the next day."Why do these postcards 3 you to come to tea?" I asked my grandmother. "Because this is how we communicated before we had a 4 ," she said. "I would post a postcard in the morning mail, and a friend would 5 it that afternoon. 6 she would post a reply that arrived in my mail the next morning."I was surprised. Life without a phone sounded like something out of the world. Connecting by postcards seemed as 7 as using a carrier pigeon(信鸽). I had forgotten about my grandmother's postcards until lockdowns(封锁) prevented our trips to seeing our three granddaughters. Remembering my grandmother's album, I bought several sets of 8 andevery few weeks, I'd write notes and mail them. The girls sometimes responded with brief thank-you texts.Then one day I opened my mailbox and spotted three hand-addressed envelopes. They were from my granddaughters, each 9 me for the postcards. The notes expressed their dissatisfaction with the pandemic(流行病) and described how my 10 had comforted them.14、A. resulted in B. came from C. came across D. made up15、A. slowly B. sadly C. hardly D. mostly16、A. ask B. force C. remind D. accept17、A. bird B. telephone C. book D. room18、A. refuse B. tear C. write D. receive19、A. Then B. But C. Since D. Because20、A. free B. friendly C. unexpected D. young21、A. cards B. letters C. notes D. toys22、A. copying B. thanking C. laughing D. helping23、A. boxes B. smiles C. paintings D. messages四、短文填空24、 It's really nice to see a lot of Tibetan antelopes(藏羚羊)on the green grass. However,①_____(they) population dropped by more than 50 percent during the 1980s and 1990s. To make profits, some people were shooting antelopes. The habitats(栖息地) ②_____ the beautiful animals lived were becoming smaller as new roads and railways ③_____(build).In order to save this species from extinction, the Chinese government placed it under ④_____(nation) protection. Many volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move ⑤_____(easy)and keep them safe from ⑥_____(car) and trains.Gradually(逐渐地), the antelope population has recovered and ⑦_____ June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from ⑧_____ endangered species(物种) list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelopes have not yet disappeared.In a word, if we want ⑨_____(save) the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to exist in peace with nature can we stop ⑩_____(be) a threat to wildlife and to our planet.五、翻译题25、请根据上下文内容,将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语。
(2024年高考真题)湖南省2024年普通高中学业水平选择性考试历史试卷(含答案)
2024年普通高中学业水平选择性考试湖南卷历史试卷养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．西周时期，国人可以对军国大事发表意见，甚至能够影响国君废立，但不能改变宗主世袭制，更换国君不过是更换宗主。
这说明西周（）A．军国大事取决于国人B．血缘政治色彩浓厚C．王权与神权紧密结合D．宗法制度遭到破坏2．据史料记载，秦人“畏有司而顺”，楚人“好游侠”“易发怒”。
秦末，六国旧地都出现了反秦斗争，其中楚地声势最大，反应最为激烈。
这可用于（）A．证实秦对楚地的统治最为严苛B．说明秦楚之间文化冲突无法弥合C．证明秦朝的制度不适用于楚地D．解释汉初推行郡国并行制的原因3．下表为史籍所载东汉至南朝时期官府掌握的湖南地区户口数和人口数。
其变化的主要原因是（）A．大规模的瘟疫流行B．战乱异常频繁C．豪强大族势力膨胀D．官府组织移民4．敦煌文书多见唐中叶以后的雇工契，如唐宣宗大中八年（854）某人雇长工，契约中写明工期和酬劳，规定受雇者必须认真劳作，不得旷工，“若先悔者，罚青麦十驮”。
由此可推知当时（）A．雇工经营成为主要经营方式B．国家对农民人身控制减弱C．小农经济仍然占据主导地位D．商品经济得到了快速发展5．唐末以后出现的新藩镇，其军队主要靠强迫征发而来，难以结成牢固的军人集团。
到后周时，中央禁军成为最强大的力量。
这些变化（）A．有利于中央集权体制的重建B．从源头消除了藩镇割据现象C．促进了政府行政效率的提高D．使重文轻武观念逐渐被接受6．元朝圣旨多采用蒙古语法糅合汉语词汇的形式，开篇曰“长生天气力里，大福荫互助里，皇帝圣旨”。
湖南省2024年高中学业水平合格考数学试卷试题(含答案详解)
湖南省2024年普通高中学业水平合格性考试考前押题卷（三）数学时量：90分钟，满分：100分本试题卷包括选择题､填空题和解答题三部分，共4页.注意事项：1.答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名､准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名､准考证号､考室和座位号；2.必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸､试题卷上答题无效；3.答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；4.请勿折叠答题卡，保证字体工整､笔迹清晰､卡面清洁.一､单选题：本大题共18小题，每小题3分，共54分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1．已知集合{}1,3A =，{}2,3,4B =，则A B ⋂等于（）A ．{}1B ．{}3C ．{}1,3D ．{}1,2,3,42．命题“0x ∃∈R ，2001x x +≥”的否定是（）A ．0x ∃∈R ，2001x x +<B ．0x ∃∈R ，2001x x +≤C ．x ∀∈R ，21x x +<D ．x ∀∈R ，21x x +≤3．设p ：四棱柱是正方体，q ：四棱柱是长方体，则p 是q 的（）A ．充分不必要条件B ．必要不充分条件C ．充要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件4．函数()ln(1)f x x =+的定义域是（）A ．(0,)+∞B ．[0,)+∞C ．[1,)-+∞D ．(1,)-+∞5．已知23m =，25n =，则2m n +的值为（）A ．53B ．2C ．8D ．156．图象中，最有可能是2log y x =的图象是（）A ．B ．C ．D ．7．复数1i z =+（i 为虚数单位）的模是（）A ．1B ．iC D ．28．已知扇形的半径为1，圆心角为60 ，则这个扇形的弧长为（）A ．π6B ．π3C ．2π3D ．609．如图，在平行四边形ABCD 中，AB a=，AD b = ，则BD 可以表示为（）A ．a b +B ．b a- C ．()12a b+ D ．()12b a- 10．已知角θ的顶点为坐标原点，始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边经过点()4,3，则tan θ值为（）A ．35B ．45C ．43D ．3411．为了调查某地三所高中未成年人思想道德建设情况，省文明办采用分层抽样的方法从该地的A ，B ，C 三所中学抽取80名学生进行调查，已知A ，B ，C 三所学校中分别有400，560，320名学生，则从C 学校中应抽取的人数为（）A ．10B ．20C ．30D ．4012．已知a为非零向量，则()43a -⨯= （）A ．12a -B ．4a- C ．3a D ．10a13．下列命题为真命题的是（）A ．若a b >，则22a b >B ．若a b >，则ac bc >C ．若a b >，c d >，则a c b d +>+D ．若a b >，c d >，则ac bd >14．已知2nm =，则22m n +的最小值为（）A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．415．从5张分别写有数字1，2，3，4，5的卡片中随机抽取1张，则所取卡片上的数字是奇数的概率是（）A ．15B ．25C ．35D ．4516．已知sin y x =，则sin y x =上的所有点全部向右移动π6个单位的函数解析式是（）A ．πsin(6y x =+B ．πsin()6y x =-C ．πsin()3y x =+D ．πsin()3y x =-17．已知圆锥的底面半径是1，高是2，则这个圆锥的体积为（）A ．2π3B ．πC ．4π3D ．2π18．已知四棱锥S ABCD -底面为正方形，SD ⊥平面ABCD ，则（）A ．SB SC ⊥B ．SD AB ⊥C ．SA ⊥平面ABCDD ．//SA 平面SBC二､填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分.19．函数,0(),0x x f x x x -<⎧=⎨≥⎩，则()3f =.20．函数sin 23y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期T=．21．函数()2f x x x =+的零点个数为．22．在ABC 中，3BC =，30A =︒，60B =︒，则AC =．三､解答题：本大题共3小题，每小题10分，共30分，解答应写出文字说明､证明过程或演算步骤.23．已知向量()1,2a =r ，()2,b x = ，()3,c y = ，且a b ⊥ ，a c ∥.(1)求向量b 与c的坐标；(2)若m a b =+ ，n a c =- ，求向量m 与n的夹角的大小.24．从某高校随机抽样1000名学生，获得了它们一周课外阅读时间（单位：小时）的样本数据，整理得到样本数据的频率分布直方图（如图所示），其中样本数据的分组区间为：[]0,2，(]2,4，(]4,6，(]6,8，(]8,10，(]10,12，(]12,14.（1）求这1000名学生中该周课外阅读时间在(]8,10范围内的学生人数；（2）估计该校学生每周课外阅读时间超过6小时的概率.25．如图，四棱锥P ABCD -的底面是正方形，PD ⊥平面ABCD ，M ，N 分别是BC ，PC 的中点.(1)求证：//MN 平面PDB ；(2)求证：AC ⊥平面PDB .1．B【分析】根据交集的定义求解即可.【详解】集合{}1,3A =，{}2,3,4B =，则A B ⋂等于{}3.故选：B 2．C【分析】根据特称命题的否定形式的相关知识直接判断.【详解】命题“0x ∃∈R ，2001x x +≥”的否定为“x ∀∈R ，21x x +<”，故选：C.3．A【分析】结合正方体和长方体的定义，根据充分条件和必要条件的定义判断即可.【详解】正方体是特殊的长方体，而长方体不一定是正方体，所以p 是q 的充分不必要条件.故选：A.4．D【分析】根据真数大于0，即可求解.【详解】由题意可得10x +>，解得1x >-，所以函数()ln(1)f x x =+的定义域是(1,)-+∞.故选：D 5．D【分析】根据指数的运算求解即可.【详解】2223515m n m n +=⨯=⨯=.故选：D 6．C【分析】利用对数函数的定义域，确定图象位置即可判断作答.【详解】函数2log y x =的定义域为(0,)+∞，因此函数2log y x =的图象总在y 轴右侧，选项ABD 不满足，C 满足.故选：C 7．C【分析】由复数模计算公式可得答案.【详解】由题可得z =.故选：C 8．B【分析】根据扇形的弧长公式计算即可.【详解】易知π603=，由扇形弧长公式可得ππ133l =⨯=.故选：B 9．B【分析】根据向量减法运算法则直接计算.【详解】由题意得，BD AD AB =-，因为AB a=，AD b = ，所以BD AD AB b a =-=- .故选：B 10．D【分析】由三角函数的定义可得出tan θ的值.【详解】已知角θ的顶点为坐标原点，始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合，终边经过点()4,3，由三角函数的定义可得3tan 4θ=.故选：D.11．B【分析】根据分层抽样原理求出从C 学校抽取的人数作答.【详解】依题意，从三所中学抽取80名学生，应从C 学校抽取的人数为3208020400560320⨯=++.故选：B 12．A【分析】根据数乘运算的运算性质计算即可.【详解】()4312a a -⨯=-.故选：A.13．C【分析】根据不等式的性质，结合特殊值判断.【详解】对于A ，取特殊值，1a =-，2b =-，满足条件，但不满足结论，故A 错误；对于B ，由a b >，若0c =，则ac bc =，故B 错误；对于C ，由同向不等式的性质知，a b >，c d >可推出a c b d +>+，故C 正确；对于D ，取3,0,1,2a b c d ===-=-，满足条件，但ac bd <，故D 错误.故选：C.14．D【分析】由基本不等式求解即可.【详解】2224m n mn +≥=，当且仅当“m n =”时取等.故22m n +的最小值为4.故选：D.15．C【分析】由古典概型计算公式可得答案.【详解】设随机抽取一张卡片为事件A ，抽取卡片数字为奇数为事件B ，则()()53,n A n B ==，则相应概率为()()35n B P n A ==.故选：C 16．B【分析】根据给定条件，利用函数图象变换求出函数解析式作答.【详解】把sin y x =上的所有点全部向右移动π6个单位的函数解析式是πsin()6y x =-.故选：B 17．A【分析】根据圆锥体积公式直接计算.【详解】由题意知，圆锥底面积为2π1πS =⨯=，圆锥的高2h =，则圆锥的体积为311π2332πV Sh ==⨯⨯=.故选：A 18．B【分析】推导出BC SC ⊥，可判断A 选项；利用线面垂直的性质可判断B 选项；利用反证法可判断CD 选项.【详解】对于A 选项，因为SD ⊥平面ABCD ，BC ⊂平面ABCD ，则BC SD ⊥，因为四边形ABCD 为正方形，则BC CD ⊥，因为SD CD D = ，SD 、CD ⊂平面SCD ，所以，BC ⊥平面SCD ，因为SC ⊂平面SCD ，则BC SC ⊥，故SBC ∠为锐角，A 错；对于B 选项，因为SD ⊥平面ABCD ，AB ⊂平面ABCD ，则SD AB ⊥，B 对；对于C 选项，若SA ⊥平面ABCD ，且SD ⊥平面ABCD ，则SA 、SD 平行或重合，矛盾，假设不成立，C 错；对于D 选项，若//SA 平面SBC ，则SA 与平面SBC 无公共点，这与SA 平面SBC S =矛盾，假设不成立，D 错.故选：B.19．3【分析】根据给定的分段函数，代入计算作答.【详解】函数,0(),0x x f x x x -<⎧=⎨≥⎩，所以()33f =.故答案为：320．π【分析】根据正余弦函数的周期公式2T πω=即可求解.【详解】根据正余弦函数的周期公式2T πω=可知：函数sin 23y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期22T ππ==，故答案为：π.21．2【分析】函数的零点个数就是对应方程的实数根的个数，直接解方程求解.【详解】令20x x +=，解得：0x =或=1x -，函数的零点个数就是方程20x x +=的实数根的个数，所以函数的零点有2个.故答案为：2【点睛】本题考查函数零点个数，属于基础题型.22．【分析】根据给定条件，利用正弦定理计算作答.【详解】在ABC 中，3BC =，30A =︒，60B =︒，由正弦定理sin sin AC BCB A =，得sin 3sin 60sin sin 30BC B AC A ︒===︒故答案为：23．(1)()2,1b =-r，()3,6c = (2)3π4【分析】（1）根据向量垂直和平行列方程，化简求得,x y ，进而求得b 与c.（2）先求得m 与n，然后根据夹角公式求得正确答案.【详解】（1）由于a b ⊥ ，a c ∥，所以22=01=23x y +⎧⎨⨯⨯⎩，解得1,6x y =-=，所以()2,1b =-r，()3,6c = .（2）()==3,1m a b + ，()==2,4n a c ---，=64=10m n m n ⋅---，所以cos ,=2m n m n m n⋅-⋅，由于0,πm n ≤≤ ，所以3π,=4m n .24．（1）200人；（2）0.700.【分析】（1）根据频数和为1，求出(]8,10的频率，即可求解；（2）根据频率分布直方图，求出(]6,8，(]8,10，(]10,12，(]12,14频率和，即可得出结论.【详解】（1）该周课外阅读时间在(]8,10的频率为：12(0.0250.0500.0750.1500.0750.025)0.200-⨯+++++=，该周课外阅读时间在(]8,10范围内的学生人数10000.200200⨯=人；（2）阅读时间超过6小时的概率为：2(0.1500.1000.0750.025)0.700⨯+++=，所以估计该校学生每周课外阅读时间超过6小时的概率为0.700.【点睛】本题考查补全频率分布直方图以及应用，属于基础题.25．(1)证明见解析(2)证明见解析【分析】（1）根据中位线的性质证明MN PB ∥即可；（2）根据线面垂直的判定与性质，证明AC BD ⊥，AC PD ⊥即可【详解】（1）因为M ，N 分别是BC ，PC 的中点，故MN PB ∥.又PB ⊂平面PDB ，MN ⊄平面PDB ，故//MN 平面PDB.（2）因为PD ⊥平面ABCD ，且AC ⊂平面ABCD ，故AC PD ⊥.又因为四棱锥P ABCD -的底面是正方形，则AC BD ⊥.又BD PD D = ，,BD PD ⊂平面PDB ，故AC ⊥平面PDB.。
2024年湖南普通高中学业水平选择性考试地理真题及答案
2024年湖南普通高中学业水平选择性考试地理真题及答案本试卷满分100分，考试时间75分钟。
一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
石牌镇地处汉江之滨，古时商贾云集，舟楫繁忙，南来北往的人们路过这里都会吃上一碗豆腐。
该镇种植的黄豆富含微量元素，豆腐的制作工艺考究，口感独特。
近年来，全镇半数以上劳动力在外从事豆制品加工及相关产业，“石牌豆腐郎”远近闻名。
据此完成下面小题。
1. 古时石牌镇豆腐声名远播，主要得益于（）A.历史悠久B. 交通便利C. 宣传有力D. 物美价廉2. 当前有些“石牌豆腐郎”将豆制品加工企业迁回家乡发展，看重的是该镇的（）①产业基础②人才优势③劳动力数量④市场需求A. ①②B. ①③C. ②④D. ③④3. 随着产业规模的扩大，为保障“石牌豆腐”品质，可采取的有效举措是（）A. 采购外地大豆B. 开发新产品C. 制定技术标准D. 举办文化节某学者以2010年常住人口为基础，在不考虑城乡人口迁移的条件下，测算出2020年我国乡村各年龄段常住人口数量。
下图示意2020年我国乡村常住人口的测算结果与统计结果。
据此完成下面小题。
4. 测算人口数量与统计人口数量差异最显著的年龄段及该年龄段两者数量差异形成的原因（）A. 15～21岁人口自然增长慢B. 36～42岁人口自然增长慢C. 15～21岁人口净流出量高D. 36～42岁人口净流出量高5. 图示统计人口的年龄结构可能会给乡村振兴带来的影响是（）①阻碍农民增收②造成生态破坏③导致乡愁淡化④增加耕地撂荒A. ①②B. ②③C. ①④D. ③④山西省新绛县西庄村附近盛产青石，自宋代以来形成了以石雕加工为主的传统手工业。
为保持行业的家族垄断优势，当地主要采取子承父业的技艺传承方式。
近年来，在政府扶持下，西庄村规划建设了石雕工业园。
如图示意农耕时代西庄村石雕生产的空间次序。
据此完成下面小题。
湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试(压轴卷)英语试题及答案
湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试(压轴卷)英语（答案在最后）本试卷由试题卷和答题卡两部分组成。
试卷分三个部分，共6页。
时量90分钟，满分100分。
所有试题均须在答题卡上作答。
第一部分阅读技能(共两节，满分４５分)第一节阅读理解(共12小题；每小题3分，满分36分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWe are surrounded by the news about COVID-19and other viruses(病毒),buthow much do you really know about them?Viruses that infect(传染)humans nearly always cause illness.Fortunately,just as we know a lot about how viruses harm us,so do we know how to prevent them.These facts are a good place to start.·Being infected without signs is possibleSome viruses,including those that cause herpes,COVID-19,and AIDS,can be spread through asymptomatic(无症状的)people and presymptomatic(症状发生前的) people,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).Some of them may even be“super-spreaders”,infecting dozens to hundreds of other people without even、realizing it.Take action to prevent spreading viruses even when youdon't feel sick.·Hand washing is protectiveWash your hands.This is a piece of advice given by World Health Organization(WHO).Make sure to wash your hands with soap for at least20secondsand dry your hands on a clean towel.Don't use air dryers in public restrooms.·Regular exercise is helpfulDo regular exercise.Regular exercise,which can include taking quick walks,has been shown to improve your immune system,thus reducing your possibilities of developing a cold or the flu.But don't overdo it,for example,training for a long marathon without professional guidance.·Herd immunity(群体免疫)is hard to achieveYou may have read that you needn't get vaccinated(疫苗)if you live in a place where most people have had the disease or the vaccine,allowing you to make use of herd immunity.But effective herd immunity requires that more than90percent of the population be vaccinated against a disease.1.Which of the following is TRUE about“super-spreaders”according to the text?A.They have many signs of the illness.B.They may infect a lot of people.C.They prevent spreading the viruses.D.They realize they are spreading viruses.2、The following ways are helpful to prevent viruses except.A.washing hands for enough timeB.doing exercise regularlyC.avoiding using air dryers in public restroomsD.training for a long marathon without professional guidance3.A man can have herd immunity against a disease when.A.lots of people in his place have the vaccineB.over9/10of the people in his place are vaccinatedC.people in his place are fighting against the diseaseD.most people in his place are infected by the disease4.What is the text mainly about?A.Some virus facts that we should know.B.Some news about COVID-19and other viruses.C.Some facts about how to fight against COVID-19.D.Some facts that cause COVID-19and other viruses.BSuddenly Uncle Henry stood up.“There’s a cyclone coming,Emily,”he called to hiswife.“I'll go to look after the stock.”Then he ran towards the sheds where the cows andhorses were kept.Aunt Emily dropped her work and came to the door.One glance told her about thedanger close at hand.“Quick,Dorothy!”she screamed.“Run for the cellar(地窖)!”Totojumped out of Dorothy's arms and hid under the bed,and the girl started to get him.AuntEmily,badly frightened,threw open the door in the floor and climbed down the ladder intothe small,dark hole.Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt.Then a strange thing happened.The house circled around two or three times and roseslowly through the air.Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.It was very dark,and the wind blew horribly around her,but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily.After the first few twists and turns,and one other time when the house tipped(倾斜)badly,she felt as if she were being rocked gently,like a baby in a cradle(摇篮).At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed,and lay down upon it;and Totofollowed and lay down beside her.In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying ofthe wind,Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.5.What does the underlined word“cyclone”in Paragraph 1probably mean?6.Why did Aunt Emily go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?7.Which of the following is TRUE about Dorothy?8、Which word can best describe Dorothy in the emergency?CSuper Space SeedsHow to grow food in space if humans will one day live there.A recent experiment at the Tiangong space station makes a big step forward.A.飓风B.洪水C.怪兽D.地震A.To find the puppy Toto.B.To find shelter from the cyclone.C.To protect their fortune.D.To get tools to help Henry.A.She managed to control the house.B.She found herself flying in a balloon.C.She became a baby crying loudly.D.She remained undisturbed with Toto.A.Frightened.B.Curious.C.Calm.D.Excited.Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings(幼苗)during the Shenzhou XIVmission.Since the rice experiment began on July29,the seedlings of the tall shoot ricevariety(高秆水稻品种)have reached a height of30centimeters.The seedlings of the dwarf rice variety(矮秆水稻品种)have grown to5centimeters,China Daily reported on Aug.30.While there have been other rice experiments in space,this one is the first of its kind to produce the complete life cycle of a plant—it begins with a seed and ends with a matureplant producing new seeds.Such food-growing experiments are not just for astronauts.They can also solve food problems on Earth.By sending seeds to space,we can create mutated(突变的)seeds,thanks to micro-gravity,lack of air and cosmic rays(宇宙射线).The seeds can thenproduce higher yields(产量)on Earth.For more than30years,China has developed over260new types of seeds in space.They are planted every year in fields that cover tens of millions of hectares.According to an engineer from Hainan Aerospace(航天)Engineering Breeding Research Center,30percent of strawberries sold in Beijing are“space strawberries”,which are as big as eggs.The center has also produced“space tomatoes”with yields increased by 30percent,and“space bananas”with a growth cycle shortened from13months to9months.9.How high did the tall shoot rice variety grow for the first month?A.5cm.B.25cm.C.30cm.D.35cm.10.What does the underlined part“this one”in Paragraph3refer to?A.The dwarf rice variety.B.The tall shoot rice variety.C.The last rice experiment in space.D.The rice experiment on Shenzhou XIV.11.How does the current rice experiment differ from other experiments?A.Its seedlings have successfully come up.B.It goes through a complete life cycle.C.Its seedlings are growing very well.D.It uses completely new rice varieties.12.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?第二节小标题填空(共3小题；每小题3分，满分9分)下面文章中有3处(第13~15题)需要添加小标题。
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试生物试卷及答案
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试试卷生物本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷，共7页。
时量90分钟，满分100分。
第Ⅰ卷（1～40题，共40分）本卷共40小题，每小题1分，共40分。
第小题只有一个选项符合题意。
1．地球上最基本的生命系统是A．细胞B．组织C．器官D．个体2．下列生物中，属于原核生物的是A．牛B．羊C．马D．蓝藻3．细胞中常见的化学元素有20多种，其中最基本的元素是A．O B．N C．H D．C4．由51个氨基酸脱水缩合形成的一条肽链中含有的肽键数目是A．48个B．49个C．50个D．51个5．DNA的基本组成单位是A．脱氧核苷酸B．核糖核苷酸C．脱氧核糖D．核糖6．稻谷中含量丰富的多糖是A．葡萄糖和麦芽数度B．淀粉和纤维素C．乳糖和麦芽糖D．蔗糖和麦芽糖7．下列关于无机盐的说法，正确的是A．细胞中大多数无机盐以化合物的形式存在B．细胞中大多数无机盐以离子的形式存在C．无机盐在细胞中含量很高，但作用不大D．无机盐是细胞中的主要能源物质8．下图是高等动物细胞的部分结构示意图，细胞有氧呼吸的主要场所是A．①B．②C．③D．④9．细胞膜的主要成分是A．脂质B．蛋白质C．多糖D．脂质和蛋白质10．下列哪项是细胞核的功能A．是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心B．将细胞与外界环境分隔开C．控制物质进出细胞D．进行细胞间的信息交流11．ATP的结构式可以简写成A．A—P—P—P B．A—P～P—PC．A～P～P～P D．A—P～P～P12．染色体的复制发生在细胞有丝分裂过程中的A．间期B．前期C．后期D．末期13．在个体发育中，由一个或一种细胞增殖产生的后代，在形态、结构和生理功能上发生稳定性差异的过程称之为A．细胞分裂B．细胞全能性C．细胞分化D．细胞代谢14．下列关于癌细胞特征的叙述，错误的是A．癌细胞能够无限增殖B．癌细胞的新陈代谢减慢C．癌细胞的形态结构发生了显著变化D．癌细胞细胞膜上的糖蛋白等物质减少15．下列关于减数分裂的说法，错误的是A．减数分裂是进行有性生殖的生物产生生殖细胞时的一种分裂方式B．减数分裂过程中染色体复制两次，细胞分裂一次C．减数分裂过程中染色体复制一次，细胞分裂两次D．减数分裂产生的生殖细胞比原始生殖细胞染色体数目减少了一半16．下图一定属于卵细胞形成过程示意图的是A．B．C．D．17．人类红绿色盲基因(b)和其对应的正常基因(B)只位于X染色体上。
2023年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试数学试题及答案
2023年湖南省普通高中学业水平考试数学试题及答案1. 选择题1.一条直线过点A(-1,2)且与直线y=2x垂直，求该直线方程。
A. x=2B. x=-2C. y=2D. y=-2答案：B. x=-22.已知函数y=mx-3是抛物线y=x²的切线，求m的值。
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4答案：A. 13.若直线y=ax+b与圆x²+y²=9相切，且直线与圆的交点为(2,3)，求a+b的值。
A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7答案：C. 62. 填空题1.设直线y=kx+b与圆x²+y²-4x-2y+4=0交于点P和Q，若P(1,2)，则k的值为______。
答案：42.若集合A={x|x²-2x+1>0}，则A的解集为______。
答案：(1, +∞)3.若复数z=3+4i，则|z|的值为______。
答案：53. 解答题1.已知正方形ABCD，其边长为2，点E是边AD上的动点，连接BE并延长交边DC于F，则直线EF的方程为______。
解析：由正方形性质可知，AD垂直于DC，因此直线EF平行于直线AD。
设直线EF的斜率为k，则直线EF的方程为y=kx+b，其中b为截距。
由于点D的坐标为(0, 2)，所以直线EF过点D，将点D的坐标代入直线方程可得，2=k*0+b，即b=2。
因此，直线EF的方程为y=kx+2。
2.已知复数z满足|z-1-2i|=|z+1-2i|，求z的值。
解析：设z的实部为x，虚部为y，则可得复数z 的一般形式为z=x+yi。
将复数的一般形式代入所给的条件可得|(x+yi)-1-2i|=|(x+yi)+1-2i|，即|z-1-2i|=|z+1-2i|。
对复数的绝对值应用定义可得(x-1)²+(y-2)²=(x+1)²+(y-2)²，进一步化简可得x=-1。
因此，复数z的值为-1+yi。
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试英语科考试及答案
湖南省普通高中学业水平考试样卷英语本试题卷分听力技能、阅读技能、知识运用、写作技能四个部分,共7页;时量120分钟,满分100分;第一部分听力共两节,满分20分做题时,先将答案标在试卷上;录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上;第一节共5小题；每小题1分,满分5分听下面5段对话;每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置;听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题;每段对话读两遍;例：How much is the shirtA. ￡.B. ￡.C. ￡.答案是C;1. What makes Tim upsetA. The chemistry test.B. The physics test.C. The maths test.2. Where is the man goingA. To the teacher’s office.B. To the bus stop.C. To the hotel.3. Whom will the man buy a T-shirt forA. His mother.B. His father.C. His brother.4. How many children are there in Ann’s familyA. One.B. Two.C. Three.5. When will the two speakers meetA. At .B. At .C. At .第二节共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分听下面5段对话或独白;每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置;听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间;每段对话或独白读两遍;听下面一段对话,回答第6和第7两个小题;6. What is the weather like tomorrowA. Foggy.B. Windy.C. Sunny.7. How does the woman know the weatherA. By watching TV.B. By listening to the radio.C. By reading newspapers.听下面一段对话,回答第8至第10三个小题;8. Which country is the new student fromA. America.B. China.C. Italy.9. What ’s the relationship between the two speakersA. Workmates.B. Strangers.C.Classmates.10. Who wants to go to ChinaA. The boy.B. The girl.C. The newstudent.听下面一段对话,回答第11至第13三个小题;11. Which subject does the woman want to improveA. Her English.B. Her Spanish.C. Her French.12. Who gives the woman the adviceA. Mr Green.B. Mr Black.C. MrJackson.13. What does the man suggest the woman gettingA. An MP4.B. A mobile phone.C. A dictionary.听下面一段对话,回答第14至第16三个小题;14. Why can ’t Lin Lin go to Nan Nan ’s birthday partyA. Because she is too busy.B. Because she doesn ’t like parties.C. Because her parents don ’t allow her to.15. Who usually buys the clothes for Lin LinA. Her mother.B. Her father.C. Her sister.16. What can Lin Lin do with her friends on Sunday nightsA. Buy new clothes.B. Play sports.C. Seemovies.听下面一段独白,回答第17至第20四个小题;17. What are more and more people worried aboutA. Car problems.B. Pollution problems.C. City problems.18. By what time will the number of cars be 140 millionA. By 2018.B. By 2020.C. By 2022.19. What color is the sky usually in big citiesA. Brown.B. Grey.C. Dark.20. What advice is given by the speakerA. Cars should be made more useful.B. Government should stop the road accidents.C. People should think twice before buying a car.第二部分 阅读理解共两节,满分30分第一节 共12小题；每小题2分,满分24分阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A 、B 、C 和D 中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑;ALily went to London with her parents for a two-week vacation. She sentpostcards to her friends.21. The postcards you read were all sent by ______.A. Tan XiaoB. Lei FangC. Wang LinD.Lily22. Which of the following places has Lily NOT visited yetA. The River Thames.B. The Tower of Bridge.C. Buckingham Palace.D. Oxford University.23. What does Lily think of the people in LondonA. Friendly and helpful.B. Beautiful and interesting.C. Amazing and famous.D. Busy and tiring.24. What Lily doesn’t like about London is its ______.A. weatherB. foodC. subwayD. photosBAs time goes on, people have come to realize the importance of protecting the environment. But they can’t deal with everything by themselves. Take small steps, and you can make a difference.●Think Green.Think about the environment as you live your life. If you turn off lights and TV when leaving the room, you’ll save energy. If you take shorter showers, you will save water.●Shop Green.Shopping is fun, but buying things you don’t need is wasteful and even bad for the earth. Before you buy something, ask yourself how much you will use it, and whenever possible, buy things locally made instead of those shipped from far away.●Dress Green. What really matters is not the colour. It’s how the clothes were made. So look for products made from environmentally friendly环保的materials.●Study Green. What’s better than learning about the environment Save it while you learn. It can be as simple as using both sides of a piece of paper before you recycle it.25. What does the writer want us to doA. Know some facts.B. Deal with everything at once.C. Protect the environment.D. Make no difference.26. How many steps can we take according to the textA. Three.B. Four.C. Five.D. Six.27. Which of the following is the writer’s ideaA. Take a shower as long as possible.B. Wear clothes whose colour is green.C. Buy things that are locally made.D. Use only one side of a piece of paper.28. The text is most probably written for ______.A. childrenB. womenC. menD. all peopleCPearl S. Buck was a very popular American writer of her day. She was famous for her books about China. Pearl was born in 1892 in West Virginia, America, but she spent almost half of her 81-year-long life in China.Pearl spent her youth in Jiangsu Province, China. She learned to speak Chinese before she could speak English. Her mother had travelled widely in her youth and liked literature very much. After being educated by her mother and by a Chinese teacher, Pearl S. Buck went to school in Shanghai at the age of fifteen. She continued her education in the United States at a Woman’s College to study psychology心理学. After graduation in 1914, she returned to China. In the 1920s, her family moved to Nanjing, where she taught English and American literature at a university.As a writer, Pearl S. Buck’s book, The Good Earth, appeared in 1931 and sold quite well in its first year. It has been translated into over thirty languages. In 1938, she became the third American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. By the time of her death in March, 1973, Pearl had published more than seventy books.29. Pearl S. Buck was born in West Virginia, America in ______.A. 1892B. 1901C. 1906D. 191330. Which of the following is NOT true about Pearl S. BuckA. She lived in Jiangsu Province in her youth.B. She was able to speak English before she spoke Chinese.C. Her mother and a Chinese teacher had educated her.D. She studied at a Woman’s College in the United States.31. Pearl S. Buck won the Nobel Prize for Literature because of her ______.A. education in ChinaB. experiences in AmericaC. The Good EarthD. psychology books32. What can be the best title for the textA. Pearl S. Buck’s FamilyB. Pearl S. Buck’s Life StoryC. Pearl S. Buck’s BooksD. Pearl S. Buck’s Job as a Teacher第二节共3小题；每小题2分,满分6分下面文章中有3处第33~35题需要添加小标题;请从以下选项A、B、C和D中选出符合各段意思的小标题,并在答题纸上将相应选项的标号涂黑;选项中有一项是多余选项;Magazines for you. Here are this month’s best bargains Ready for You, Now 33. ___________The most popular magazine for those who want to raise smart and loving children. It has child development guidance, advice on your child’s health and safety, and the best way to encourage your child’s learning. Its cover price is $. Our price is $.34. ___________The shopping magazine with the best buys, and the fashion tips. You’ll need them before you go to the stores. What makes it really special is that it gives you the information you need before anyone else has it. Its cover price is $. Our price is $.35. ___________The projects are chosen from 80 special ideas to create an unusual living space. They are practical, as well as creative. They will improve your home and yard and can be made on weekends. And the most important of all, they are easy to follow. Its cover price is $. Our price is $.Off the Beaten Cart PathThe best-selling travel book which includes over 200 new places of interest, over 200 new full-colour photographs, and all-new, up-to-date maps. It includes over 1,000 of the United States most must-see destinations. Its cover price is $. Our price is $.A. Amazing PeopleB. Best Weekend ProjectsC. Fashion GuideD. Parents第三部分英语知识运用共三节,满分25分第一节完形填空共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑;Have you ever heard the radio club in our school It is great because it is run by the students for the school. Kate Jones is 36 as she is one of the hosts.It was 37 two years ago. One day, Kate just began thinking about 38 for everyone, so she asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times. He agreed to the 39 , and two years later Kate is in charge of the radio club 40 the oldest student member. The club is much more than music.Every morning the hosts 41 their schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that they are required to broadcast.When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, Kate and her fellows 42 play songs sung by students, and also give messages to inform the 43 of events such as outings and school plays. At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use the 44 to give messages to their close friends and teachers.Kate says she will miss the radio club after graduation, 45 she knows that it will continue without her.36. A. afraid B. shy C. lucky D. angry37. A. started B. made C. found D.ended38. A. paintings B. sport C. stories D. music39. A. order B. question C. idea D. speech40. A. to B. about C. as D. from41. A. tell B. warn C. call D. ask42. A. never B. often C. seldom D.hardly43. A. foreigners B. reporters C. friends D. parents44. A. club B. party C. team D.class45. A. thus B. but C. or D. so第二节共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式;Today 46 be the best day of my life All my years of training have 47 final paid off After days of labour, making surveys, digging and 48 carry away the earth, we found the tomb of Tutankhamun, opened it and saw 49 it contents. When we broke open the door, the air was so hot and dusty inside 50 we had trouble breathing. Since it was dark, we had to turn 51 some flashlights. Within the tomb there was 52 fortune in gold and treasure. Everything in it had been 53 preserve from the time of King Tutankhamun’s death. After looking into the tomb, we closed it back up again. We want 54 have a scientific examination of everything there, 55 we do not want to disturb anything in it until we are ready.第三节改错共5小题；每小题1分,满分5分下列句中各有一个错,请把错处改正;其他部分不得更动;每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改;增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧,并在右边横线上写出该加的词;删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉;修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在右边横线上写出改正后的词;56. Hurry up, you’ll miss the train. 56.57. Do you know the girl who I just talked with her 57.58. It’s raining so hardly, or we would go for a picnic. 58.59. I am looking forward to hear from you. 59.60. Rose is their two daughter. 60.第四部分写作技能共两节,满分25分第一节双向翻译共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分请根据上下文内容,将文中划线部分译成汉语或者英语,并将答案转写到答题卡上;Sandy was the last to arrive at the museum. She was so tired that she hadto find a chair to sit on. Once she sat down, 61 she noticed a nice paintingon the wall. She stared at it for a long time－so long, that she fell asleep.Suddenly, 62 她能听到有人在唱歌. She went to see who it was but there wasnobody in sight. She was confused. Then she turned to a painting on the wall.It was the Mona Lisa. She was interested in the painting. To her surprise,Mona Lisa was singing loudly.She wandered to the other side of the hall and came across anotherpainting on the wall. 63 There was a woman in a beautiful dress walking inthe painting. The woman smiled at Sandy and reached out her hand towards her.Sandy was sure she could smell the flowers she was wearing. Then 64 the womanoffered her a big, red apple. Sandy hesitated about whether she should eat it.She felt very hungry. “It looks delicious,”Sandy thought. She bit into theapple. 65 它尝起来很甜.第二节情景作文共1小题,满分15分66. 最近,你班召开了一次以“What Makes a Good Student ”为主题的班会,请综合以下同学发表的意见并加以补充,向学校广播站写一篇报道;注意：①词数100左右,开头语已为你写好;②文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称; Recently we have had a heated discussion about what makes a good student. Different students have different ideas.__________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________A good student is honest and kind to others. In A good student is alwaysready to help hisA good student is one who focuses on his studies. He Besides studying,he also likes sport湖南省普通高中学业水平考试样卷参考答案及评分标准参考答案第一部分听力技能共两节,满分20分1—5 CABBA 6—10 CBBCA 11—15 ABCCA16—20 CABAC第二部分阅读技能共两节,满分30分21—24 DDAA 25—28 CBCD 29—32 ABCB33—35 DCB第三部分知识运用共三节,满分25分36—40 CADCC 41—45 ABDAB46. is 47. finally 48. carrying 49. its 50. that51. on 52. a 53. preserved 54. to have 55. but56. Hurry up, ∧you’ll miss the train. 56. or57. Do you know the girl who I just talked with her 57. her58. It’s raining so hardly, or we would go for a picnic. 58. hard59. I am looking forward to hear from you. 59. hearing60. Rose is their two daughter. 60. second第四部分写作技能共两节,满分25分61. 她注意到墙上有一副好看的画62. she could hear someone/somebody singing63. 有一位穿着漂亮连衣裙的女子在画里行走64. 那位女子给了她一个又大又红的苹果65. It tasted very sweet66. One possible versionRecently we have had a heated discussion about what makes a good student. Different students have different ideas.Zhang Lin says a good student should be honest and kind to others. In other words, he never betrays his friends. Wang Qin adds that a good student is always ready to help his friends when they are in trouble. However, Liu Fang thinks that a good student is one who focuses on his studies. He makes full use of his time to learn both in and out of class. Hard work truly comes first no matter how brilliant he is. Lu Kai voices his opinion that besides studying, he also likes sport and takes part in after-school activities.In my opinion, a good student should develop in an all-round manner.评分标准一、客观题1—20 每小题1分;答对给满分,答错计0分;21—35每小题2分;答对给满分,答错计0分;36—45每小题1分;答对给满分,答错计0分;二、主观题46—55每小题1分;答对给满分,凡符合答题要求且可读懂的其它答案均给分,各小题超过限定词数的酌情扣分;56—60每小题1分;标记位置正确计分,写出更正单词计分,两项都正确计1分;61—65每小题2分;每小题内容占分,形式占分,按四档计分：第四档分译文内容完整,语言形式正确；第三档分译文内容较完整,语言形式错误不多；第二档分译文内容不完整,语言形式错误较多；第一档—0分写了个别词语或基本没有作答;66 满分15分;其中内容占12分,形式占3分,按四档计分：第四档 15分文章内容完整,语言形式正确；第三档 14—11分文章内容较完整,语言形式错误不多；第二档 10—5分文章内容不完整,语言形式错误较多；第一档 4—0分写了个别词语或基本没有作答;。
湖南省普通高中2024-2025学年学业水平测试物理试题含解析
湖南省普通高中2024-2025学年学业水平测试物理试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B 铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B 铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、研究光电效应现象的实验电路如图所示，A 、K 为光电管的两个电极，电压表V 、电流计G 均为理想电表。
已知该光电管阴极K 的极限频率为ν0，元电荷电量为e ，普朗克常量为h ，开始时滑片P 、P ＇上下对齐。
现用频率为ν的光照射阴极K （ν>ν0），则下列说法错误的是A ．该光电管阴极材料的逸出功为hν0B ．若加在光电管两端的正向电压为U ，则到达阳极A 的光电子的最大动能为hv-hv 0+eUC ．若将滑片P 向右滑动，则电流计G 的示数一定会不断增大D ．若将滑片P ＇向右滑动，则当滑片P 、P ＇间的电压为0hv hv e时，电流计G 的示数恰好为0 2、关于固体、液体、气体和物态变化，下列说法中正确的是（ ）A ．晶体一定具有各向异性的特征B ．液体表面张力是液体内部分子间的相互作用C ．0℃的铁和0℃的铜，它们的分子平均速率相同D ．一定质量的某种理想气体状态改变时，内能不一定改变3、如图所示，有10块完全相同的长方体木板叠放在一起，每块木板的质量为100g ，用手掌在这叠木板的两侧同时施加大小为F 的水平压力，使木板悬空水平静止。