2018年考研英语(一)翻译真题、参考译文和解析

2018年考研英语（一）翻译真题、参考译文和解析注：考研真题中的考题句子用高亮标出。

其他难句用圆圈号码标出，如①。

翻译技巧用红字标出。

Para.1Shakespeare’s lifetime was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity andachievement in①These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. ②Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in主要由有识之士编写、业余演员表演；但在英格兰，就像在其他西欧国家一样，职业演员阶层的崛起预示着戏剧将要变得大众化，不管它是新式戏剧还是旧式戏剧，古典戏剧还是中世纪戏剧，文学剧还是滑稽剧。

宫廷、学校、业余组织及游【考点句子46】(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.试译：他出生时，欧洲正见证着宗教剧的衰落和新型戏剧的兴起，新型戏剧的兴起是受了古典悲剧和喜剧的启发。

改译：他出生时，宗教剧在欧洲日渐衰落，受古典悲剧和喜剧的启发，新型戏剧逐渐兴起。

本句翻译技巧：视角转换。

英语多使用物称，汉语多使用人称，英译汉时常考虑物称转人称。

本句难点词汇：witness: 是发生。

的地点、时间；见证例1：Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。

例2：The retail trade is witnessing a sharp fall in sales. 零售业的销售额在急剧下降。

【其它难点句子①】①These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical.参考译文：起初，这些新式戏剧主要由有识之士编写、业余演员表演；但在英格兰，就像在其他西欧国家一样，职业演员阶层的崛起预示着戏剧将要变得大众化，不管它是新式戏剧还是旧式戏剧，古典戏剧还是中世纪戏剧，文学剧还是滑稽剧。

本句翻译技巧：翻译时注意避免翻译腔。

threaten在此句中表示“不好事情即将发生”（对皇室贵族而言，其起初独享的消遣可能即将降格为百姓娱乐）。

本句难点词汇：threaten:1. be a danger to sth. 危及，对。

构成威胁Pollution along the coastline is threatening marine life. 沿海岸线的污染正危及海洋生物。

2. seem likely to happen or cause sth unpleasant 预示凶兆，有。

危险A storm was threatening. 暴风雨即将来临。

The clouds threatened rain. 乌云密布预示大雨将至。

This dispute threatens to split the party. 这一分歧可能会造成党的分裂。

本句语法难点：whether it should be 虚拟语气，should无实义常省略例：We must finish the work before we go home, whether it (should) be early or late. 无论早晚，我们都必须在回家前把这项工作做完。

【其它难点句子②】②Court, school, organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment.参考译文：宫廷、学校、业余组织及游方/巡演艺人都在竞相满足人们对戏剧娱乐的普遍渴求。

翻译技巧：英文的施事者名词在译成汉语时要进行词性转换，还原其动词意义，如此句中的“rivals(名词)”译成“竞相(动词)”。

另外，supply不要死扣字典释义译为“提供”。

本句难点词汇1：supply 供应，提供。

provide sb/sth the need or wantLocal schools supply many of the volunteers. 许多志愿者来自当地学校。

Foreign governments supplied arms to the rebels. 外国政府向反叛者提供武器。

Foods supply our daily vitamin needs. 食物提供我们日常所需的维生素。

本句难点词汇2：rival1. 竞争对手(n.)He has no rivals for the job. 他没有竞争对手。

Android has proved itself to be a fierce rival to iOS.安卓不愧是iOS强有力的竞争对手。

2. 竞争的(adj.)the rival groups 对立团体3. 与...匹敌(v.)You will find scenery to rival anything you can see in Alps.你看到的景色可与你在阿尔卑斯山所看到的景色相媲美。

【其它难点词汇】coincident[adj.] coincident：be coincident with 同时发生的，同地发生的[adj.] coincidental: 碰巧的[adv.] coincidentally: 碰巧地[v.] coincidence: 巧合e.g. a strange/remarkable(不寻常的)/extraordinary (意外的) coincidence[v.] coincide: 1.同时发生coincide with; 2.一致，相同；3.相交，重叠关于“真巧”的表达：What a coincidence! /It is coincidental that... /It is a coincidence that... /By coincidence, ...Para. 2When Shakespeare was twelve years old the first public playhouse was built in London.①For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. ②Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’sand the royal chapel who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph onthe莎士比亚12岁时，首座公共剧院在伦敦落成。

文学界一度对这个公共舞台毫无兴趣。

为了获取文学殊荣，戏剧往往是为学校或宫廷而创作，或是为圣保罗大教堂及皇家教堂唱诗班男童而写。

不过唱诗班男童除了在宫廷表演，也在公开场合和格林已创作出雅俗共赏的喜剧，基德已编写了一部令剧场座无虚席的悲剧，而马洛则使诗意及创造力在大众舞台上大放异彩。

自欧里庇德斯逝世以来，这两者【其它难点句子①】①For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.误译：文学一度对这个公共舞台毫无兴趣。

改译：文学界一度对这个公共舞台毫无兴趣。

翻译技巧：英语物称转汉语人称，英语抽象转汉语具体。

“文学界”或“文学家”要比“文学”更具体。

添加范畴词是使抽象名词具体化的策略之一。

【其它难点句子②】②Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for schools or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.试译：为了获取文学殊荣的戏剧往往是为学校或宫廷而创作，或是为圣保罗大教堂及皇家教堂唱诗班男童而写。

改译：为了获取文学殊荣，戏剧往往是为学校或宫廷而创作，或是为圣保罗大教堂及皇家教堂唱诗班男童而写。

翻译技巧：英语长难句多，定语从句多，英译汉时考虑进行拆译，使之更符合中文的行文习惯。