焊接温度场模拟试验试验

毕业论文使用ANSYS有限元分析软件对不锈钢与紫铜焊接过程温度场应力场分布模拟

First, the TIG welding process parameters of thin-walled stainless steel and copper are determined with the shape of weldingseamand groove, which lays foundation for later simulation;
Finally, the temperature and stress field indirect coupling method is used to simulate the welding stress field by applying the results of temperature field analysis as temperature loads on the model. After that, the results of stress field simulation are analyzed.
Based on the analysis of stress field anddeformationof welding partsafter welding,the strength anddeformation checkingof welding parts is conducted in this paper. Thechecking resultsare: the welding parts are qualifiedand theweldingisfeasible.
Then, the simulation and analysis of welding temperature field is completed by building a finite element model of welding, using APDL to make programs of heatsource, applying element birth and death technology to simulate the successive generating of welding seamsand adopting "* DO—*ENDDO" language to realize the movement of heat source;

毕业论文使用ANSYS有限元分析软件对不锈钢与紫铜焊接过程温度场应力场分布模拟

二、冷却结束后，始焊位置和终焊位置结合处留有较大的残余应力，为253MPa，接近这一温度材料的屈服极限。因此，在焊接结合处会有较大的变形，其内部可能会出现较多的裂纹。建议在焊接时严格控制熔池温度、电弧大小以及氩气流量。
三、由于在焊接过程中不锈钢管和紫铜管应力分布有很大的不同，因此在冷却结束后两管会产生不同的体积变化。这对于焊缝是不利的，同时也会使焊件不符合焊接前的尺寸公差，导致零件报废。建议焊前对焊件采取反应力、反变形措施。
Firstly, because the heat transferring of copper is faster than stainless steel, so temperature field distribution of thin-walled stainless steel and coppertubesduring the welding process is extremely uneven. Thismayleads to molten inconsistency of base metal on both sides and may cause poor weldseam. It is recommended that the welding arc isslightly partial to copper, in case oftheexcessive heating of stainless steel.
Thirdly, due to the large difference of stress distribution between stainless steel tube and copper tube during the welding process, different volume changes are produced in two tubes at the end of cooling. This is detrimental to the welding seam and also leads to unfitness of dimensional tolerances of welding parts, resulting in scrapping of welding parts. It is recommended that anti-stress and anti-distortion measures should be adopted before welding.

CO_2气体保护焊温度场的数值模拟

[1 3]
收稿日期 : 2006- 05- 18 ; 修回日期 : 2006 - 09 - 28. 基金项目 : 天津市重点自然科学基金资助项目 ( 06YFJ M JC 03400) . 作者简介 : 郑振太 ( 1966 ) , 男 , 博士研究生 , 副教授 , zzt_00 @ yahoo. com. cn.
压比热容; Q 为热源热流密度 ; H 为相变潜热 . 2. 2 初始条件与边界条件初始条件是试件及环境温度为 20 中均匀分布 . , 温度在试件
2 . 2 . 1 热源模型目前主要的焊接热源模型有高斯表面热源模型和双椭球体热源模型. 双椭球热源模型因其充分考虑了焊接熔深效应 , 故应用于高密度焊接如 PAW、 EBW 及 LB W 取得了很好的效果. 高斯热源模型被广泛应用于 GTAW 和平板堆焊的数值模拟中. 对于短路过渡的 CO2 焊接而言, 因无熔滴冲击作用, 对熔池的挖掘等熔深效应不明显, 所以采用了高斯热源模型 , 其公式为 2 UI r q ( r) = ( 2) 2 exp ( 2 ) 2 2
验结果确定为 2 . 0 mm. 2 . 2 . 2 对流辐射边界条件及其分析对于辐射造成的热损失采用斯蒂芬玻尔兹曼公式确定 , 即 q r= 试件表面温度; (
4
-
4 a
) = hr ( -
为电弧热流分布参数 ; r 为
任一点到电弧中心的距离 . 其中 , 的取值考虑到由于电弧潜入坡口深度依焊道顺序依次减小 , 输入给母材的热量也依次减小的规律, 确定依焊道顺序依次为 87 / 0 、 83 / 0、 75 / 0 .
0 0 0
[ 6]
的取值根据文献 [ 7 8 ] 及参考实

Abaqus焊接模拟分析程序(包括应力场和温度场)_New

Abaqus焊接模拟分析程序(包括应力场和温度场)Abaqus焊接模拟分析程序(包括应力场和温度场)【我的硕士论文的一部分】求解温度场!上表面上没有对流换热边界条件!单位制:米、秒、摄氏度!/CLEAR,START/FILNAME,temp,0/COM,ANSYS RELEASE10.0 UP20050718 00:09:5211/26/2007/CONFIG, NRES, 5000/PREP7/VIEW,1,1,2,3/ANG,1/REP,FAST!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!指定单元ET,1,SOLID70!*!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!材料属性!======================================== =============================================!316LMPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,DENS,1,,7850MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,300MPTEMP,3,900MPTEMP,4,1400MPTEMP,5,2000MPDATA,KXX,1,,18.6MPDATA,KXX,1,,21.4MPDATA,KXX,1,,28.4MPDATA,KXX,1,,33.9MPDATA,KXX,1,,48MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,600MPTEMP,3,800MPTEMP,4,1400MPTEMP,5,2000MPDATA,C,1,,502MPDATA,C,1,,612MPDATA,C,1,,635MPDATA,C,1,,659MPDATA,C,1,,670MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,1300MPTEMP,3,1410MPTEMP,4,1440MPTEMP,5,1550MPTEMP,6,2000 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,7.88e7 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,6.131e9 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,7.347e9 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,9.145e9MPDATA,ENTH,1,,1.03e10MPDATA,ENTH,1,,1.272e10!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量WidthBase=0.025!宽度HeightBase=0.02!基底高度Length=0.09!长度WidthClad=0.0015!宽度HeightDeposition=0.00375!覆层高度Layer=15!层数HeightClad=HeightDeposition/layerdt=0.0001!小量Temp=20!环境温度InitTemp=300!初始温度CoffConv=30!对流换热系数!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量Velocity=0.003!扫描速度StepDis=0.0015!每个载荷步位移LaserPower=700!激光功率Radius=0.0015!激光光斑半径Area=3.14159265*(Radius**2)!激光光斑面积Factor=0.3!吸收因子StepTime=StepDis/Velocity!每个载荷步时间TotalTime=(Length+Radius*2)/Velocity!载荷持续时间(扫描一层) StepNum=(Length+Radius*2)/StepDis!载荷步数!======================================== =======================================================!建模BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,0,WidthClad,BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,WidthClad,0.0067 BLOCK,0,Length,-0.0066,-HeightBase,0,WidthClad,K, ,0,0,WidthBase,K, ,Length,0,WidthBase,K, ,0,-HeightBase,WidthBase,K, ,Length,-HeightBase,WidthBase,V, 16, 13, 27, 25, 15, 14,28, 26V, 24, 21, 27, 13, 23, 22,28, 14BLOCK,0,Length,0,HeightDeposition,0,WidthClad,VGLUE,ALLNUMCMP,ALL!======================================== ========================================= ==============!划分网格LSEL, S, LOC, Y, dt, HeightDeposition-dt,!高度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Layer,LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthLESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, 0, WidthBase-DT,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, WidthBase,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5LSEL, S, LOC, X, dt,Length-dt,!长度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Length/StepDis,LSEL, S, LOC, Z, dt, WidthClad-dt,!宽度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , 1,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,WidthClad+DT,0.0067-DTLESIZE,ALL,,,4,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DT LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-DT,-HeightBaseLESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DTLSEL,R,LOC,Y,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5VSEL,S,LOC,Y,0,HeightDeposition!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLVSEL,S,LOC,Y,-1,0!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLALLSEL,ALL!======================================== ========================================= ==============!基底边界条件、初始条件NSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底初始温度IC,ALL,TEMP,InitTempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底侧面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, Z, WidthBaseSF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底左端面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, X, 0SF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底右端面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, X, LengthSF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y,!基底上表面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, Z, WidthClad, WidthBase SF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLFINISH/SOLU!======================================== ========================================= ==============!瞬态分析参数设置ANTYPE,4!分析类型：瞬态!*TRNOPT,FULL!求解方法：完全的N-R方法LNSRCH, on!*!DELTIM,0.01,0.001,0.05!载荷子步(默认子步时间步长、最小、最大)——载荷步为0.333NSUBST, 4CNVTOL,HEAT, ,0.01,2,0.000001,!收敛准则：控制热流OUTRES,NSOL,LAST!结果输出：所有!======================================== ========================================= ==============!杀死单元NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0, HeightDeposition !杀死熔覆层单元ESLN, S, 1, ALLEKILL,ALLALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOTESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0,RadiusSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALL!======================================== =======================================================!预热*DO, i, 1, 2m=mod(i,2)*IF,m,EQ,1,THEN!如果为奇数层，向右扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i-1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=StepDis*(k-1)RightX=StepDis*kNSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x,RightX-2*Radius, RightXNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!删除热流密度载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis, RightX-2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, O, RadiusSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ELSE!如果为偶数层，向左扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i-1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=Length-StepDis*kRightX=Length-StepDis*(k-1)NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x,RightX-2*Radius, RightXNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!激活单元的上表面，删除载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis, RightX-2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, O, RadiusSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ENDIF*ENDDOESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT!======================================== =======================================================!熔覆*DO, i, 1, Layer, 1m=mod(i,2)*IF,m,EQ,1,THEN!如果为奇数层，向右扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i+1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=StepDis*(k-1)RightX=StepDis*kNSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX, RightXESLN, S, 1EALIVE,ALLALLSEL, ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x,RightX-2*Radius, RightXNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含左端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,0NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含右端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的侧面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Z,WidthCladNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!删除热流密度载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis, RightX-2*StepDisSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL,S,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1) !激活单元的下表面，删除对流换热边条ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis,RightX-2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, RadiusNSEL, U, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iESLN, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1)SFDELE, ALL, CONVALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ELSE!如果为偶数层，向左扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i+1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=Length-StepDis*kRightX=Length-StepDis*(k-1)NSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX, RightXESLN, S, 1EALIVE,ALLALLSEL, ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX,LeftX+2*RadiusNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含左端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,0NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含右端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的侧面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Z,WidthCladNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!激活单元的上表面，删除载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX+2*StepDis, RightX+2*StepDisSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL,S,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1) !激活单元的下表面，删除对流换热边条ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX+2*StepDis,RightX+2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, RadiusNSEL, U, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iESLN, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1)SFDELE, ALL, CONVALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ENDIF*ENDDOESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT!======================================== =======================================================!冷却!======================================== ======================================!~100s*DO, k, 1, 2, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+50*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDO!======================================== ======================================!~1000s*DO, k, 1, 9, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+100+ 100*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDO!======================================== ======================================!~3000s*DO, k, 1, 10, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+1000 +200*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDO!==============================================================================!~10000s*DO, k, 1, 14, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+3000 +500*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDOFINISH【我的硕士论文的一部分】求解应力场!修改速度、时间子步步长、载荷文件位置!如果修改基底的热膨胀系数，要修改宏文件!单位制:米、秒、摄氏度/CLEAR,START/FILNAME,stress,0/COM,ANSYS RELEASE10.0 UP20050718 20:15:5209/10/2007/CONFIG, NRES, 5000/PREP7/PAGE, 1000, , 1000,/VIEW,1,1,2,3/ANG,1/REP,FAST!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!指定单元ET,1,45!*!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!材料属性!======================================== =============================!316LMPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,DENS,1,,7850MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,ALPX,1,,1.75E-005MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,300MPTEMP,3,600MPTEMP,4,900MPTEMP,5,1300MPDATA,EX,1,,2.0E+11MPDATA,EX,1,,1.7E+11 MPDATA,EX,1,,1.5E+11MPDATA,EX,1,,5.0E+10 MPDATA,EX,1,,0.4E+10MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25TB,KINH,1,5,4,0TBTEMP,20TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,7E-4,1.4E8TBPT,,0.0012,1.83E8TBPT,,0.1,2.16E9TBTEMP,300TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,5.5E-4,9.35E7TBPT,,0.0012,1.27E8TBPT,,0.1,1.84E9TBTEMP,600TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,3.2E-4,4.8E7TBPT,,0.0012,7.19E7TBPT,,0.1,1.54E9TBTEMP,900TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,2.5E-4,1.25E7TBPT,,0.0012,5.1E7TBPT,,0.1,5.45E8TBTEMP,1300TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,2.5E-4,1E6TBPT,,0.00375,1.13E7TBPT,,0.1,7.05E7!======================================== =============================!A3ExpandCoeff=1.75E-005!structural->nonlinear->inelastic->rate independent->kinematic hardening plasticity->mises plasticity->bilinear!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量WidthBase=0.025!宽度HeightBase=0.02!基底高度Length=0.09!长度WidthClad=0.0015!宽度HeightDeposition=0.00375!覆层高度Layer=15!层数HeightClad=HeightDeposition/layerdt=0.0001!小量Temp=20!环境温度InitTemp=300!初始温度CoffConv=30!对流换热系数!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量Velocity=0.003!扫描速度StepDis=0.0015!每个载荷步位移LaserPower=700!激光功率Radius=0.0015!激光光斑半径Area=3.14159265*(Radius**2)!激光光斑面积Factor=0.3!吸收因子StepTime=StepDis/Velocity!每个载荷步时间TotalTime=(Length+Radius*2)/Velocity!载荷持续时间(扫描一层) StepNum=(Length+Radius*2)/StepDis!载荷步数!======================================== =======================================================!建模BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,0,WidthClad,BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,WidthClad,0.0067 BLOCK,0,Length,-0.0066,-HeightBase,0,WidthClad,K, ,0,0,WidthBase,K, ,Length,0,WidthBase,K, ,0,-HeightBase,WidthBase,K, ,Length,-HeightBase,WidthBase,V, 16, 13, 27, 25, 15, 14,28, 26V, 24, 21, 27, 13, 23, 22,28, 14BLOCK,0,Length,0,HeightDeposition,0,WidthClad,VGLUE,ALLNUMCMP,ALL!======================================== ========================================= ==============!划分网格HeightDeposition-dt,!高度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Layer,LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthLESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, 0, WidthBase-DT,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, WidthBase,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5Length-dt,!长度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Length/StepDis,LSEL, S, LOC, Z, dt, WidthClad-dt,!宽度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , 1,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,WidthClad+DT,0.0067-DTLESIZE,ALL,,,4,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DT LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-DT,-HeightBaseLESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DTLSEL,R,LOC,Y,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5VSEL,S,LOC,Y,0,HeightDeposition!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLVSEL,S,LOC,Y,-1,0!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLALLSEL,ALLVSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT!删除热影响区外的单元VSEL,A,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DTVCLEAR,ALLVDELE,ALL, , ,1ALLSEL,ALLFINISH!======================================== ========================================= ==============!瞬态分析参数设置/SOLANTYPE,4!分析类型：瞬态TRNOPT,FULL!求解方法：对于材料非线性，这是唯一的方法NLGEOM,on!大变形分析LNSRCH, onNSUBST, 4NEQIT,30CNVTOL,U,,0.05,2,,!收敛准则：控制位移CNVTOL,F,,0.01,2,!收敛准则：控制力OUTRES,NSOL,LAST!结果输出：TREF, Temp!======================================== ========================================= ==============!杀死单元NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0, HeightDeposition !杀死熔覆层单元ESLN, S, 1EKILL,ALLALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOTNSEL,S,LOC,Z,0!对称边条（相当于三个约束，UZ,ROTX,ROTY）D,ALL,UZ,0NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066!固定中心点（增加两个约束，UX,UY）NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0NSEL,R,LOC,X,length/2D,ALL,ALL,0NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066,0!固定中心线（增加一个约束，ROTZ）NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0NSEL,R,LOC,X,length/2D,ALL,UX,0ALLSEL,ALLSAVE!======================================== =======================================================!熔覆*DO,m,1,Layerk=mod(m,2)*IF,K,EQ,1,THEN*DO,n,1,StepNum,KBC,0TIME,TotalTime*(m-1)+StepTime*nLeftX=StepDis*(n-1)。

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场的数值模拟分析

Welding Technology Vol.47 No.4 Apr. 2018•试验与研究•15文章编号：1002-025X(2018)04-0015-03铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场的数值模拟分析起翔，朱政强，王小乐(南昌大学机电工程学院，江西南昌330031)摘要：基于粘着摩擦理论，建立了4m m厚7075 5合金F S W过程中的产热模型，对同种5合金对接焊中的温度场进行了数值模拟，并得出了焊接过程中温度场的分布规律：高温区位于轴肩的正下方焊核区，且在沿焊缝方向的横截面上整体呈现“碗状”；搅拌头前方的温度梯度比后方的温度梯度大，高温区相对于后方也较窄；对于所有焊接工艺参数下的温度峰值均未超过母材熔化点，表明搅拌摩擦焊接过程一直处于固相连接状态；旋转速度与焊接速度对峰值温度有一定的影响。

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊；铝钢异种金属连接；数值模拟中图分类号：TG453.9 文献标志码：B0引言搅拌摩擦焊是一种新型的固态材料连接技术，在铝合金的焊接上与传统的熔焊相比不用添加气体和材料，没有弧光、噪声、射线等污染的优点%1]。

在焊接时没有达到铝合金的熔点，仅使金属达到塑性状态%2&(搅拌摩擦焊过程的热输人主要来自搅拌头(包括轴肩与搅拌针）与待焊工件的机械摩擦，同时搅拌区域材料的塑性变形也会提供一部分热量%3](对温度场的研究主要有试验与模拟2种方法，试验主要采用埋人热电偶的方法进行测量。

试验所得数据，工，焊的不测，工，采用的有法是一体形状的，过点连接起来，模拟计算过程是对每个节点的自由度温度进行计算，因此可以得到工件上任何一点的温度变化规律%4-5]。

采用有件，摩擦论，建立了厚度为4 mm的7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊过的热型，得焊接过的，焊接过的接头的。

收稿日期：2017-12-19基金项目：南昌大学研究生创新专项资金项目（cx2016071)1热力学方程1.1几何模型的建立丰旲型中试板尺寸为150 mmx40 mmx4 mm，1旲型在时焊，一型。

异种不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接温度场数值模拟

异种不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接温度场数值模拟刘坡;郭国林;邱型宝;吴柯寒【摘要】以1.8 mm厚304和430异种不锈钢板材为研究对象,利用COMSOL 软件建立了搅拌摩擦焊热源三维有限元模型,对304和430异种不锈钢搅拌摩擦对接焊接的温度场分布进行分析,研究搅拌头转速和行进速度对峰值温度变化的影响规律.模拟结果表明:热源中心的峰值温度随着搅拌头旋转速度增大而升高,随着行进速度增加而降低.搅拌头旋转速度为800 dmin和行进速度为15 mm/min时,峰值温度随着时间先增加后趋于稳定值约1 040℃,该峰值温度出现在靠近轴肩后侧的区域.430不锈钢侧温度场的扩展程度相较于304不锈钢较大,温度分布较为均匀,有限元预测的温度场与实测结果吻合较好.【期刊名称】《电焊机》【年(卷),期】2019(049)007【总页数】6页(P89-94)【关键词】搅拌摩擦焊;异种不锈钢;数值模拟;温度场分布【作者】刘坡;郭国林;邱型宝;吴柯寒【作者单位】常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,江苏常熟215500;常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,江苏常熟215500;南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,江苏南京210016;常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,江苏常熟215500;常熟理工学院汽车工程学院,江苏常熟215500【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG4020 前言搅拌摩擦焊（Friction stir welding，FSW）是一种新型固相连接方法，在焊接过程中材料不发生熔化，焊件残余应力和变形量都很小，同时可以避免裂纹、气孔等缺陷，具有广阔的应用前景[1-5]。

近10余年来，国内外研究人员针对轻合金和有色金属材料开展了大量的搅拌摩擦焊研究，并取得了丰硕的成果。

近年来，随着计算机技术和搅拌摩擦焊接理论的发展，有限元数值模拟辅助于搅拌摩擦焊接逐渐成为了该领域研究热点。

FSW模拟研究可细分为3个方面：温度场模拟[6-7]（焊接传热过程及温度场分布）、残余应力场模拟[8]（工件的残余应力场及残余变形）和流场模拟[9-10]（焊缝材料和搅拌针周围材料的流动状况）。

Abaqus焊接模拟分析程序(包括应力场和温度场)_New

Abaqus焊接模拟分析程序(包括应力场和温度场)Abaqus焊接模拟分析程序(包括应力场和温度场)【我的硕士论文的一部分】求解温度场!上表面上没有对流换热边界条件!单位制:米、秒、摄氏度!/CLEAR,START/FILNAME,temp,0/COM,ANSYS RELEASE10.0 UP20050718 00:09:5211/26/2007/CONFIG, NRES, 5000/PREP7/VIEW,1,1,2,3/ANG,1/REP,FAST!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!指定单元ET,1,SOLID70!*!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!材料属性!======================================== =============================================!316LMPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,DENS,1,,7850MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,300MPTEMP,3,900MPTEMP,4,1400MPTEMP,5,2000MPDATA,KXX,1,,18.6MPDATA,KXX,1,,21.4MPDATA,KXX,1,,28.4MPDATA,KXX,1,,33.9MPDATA,KXX,1,,48MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,600MPTEMP,3,800MPTEMP,4,1400MPTEMP,5,2000MPDATA,C,1,,502MPDATA,C,1,,612MPDATA,C,1,,635MPDATA,C,1,,659MPDATA,C,1,,670MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,1300MPTEMP,3,1410MPTEMP,4,1440MPTEMP,5,1550MPTEMP,6,2000 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,7.88e7 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,6.131e9 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,7.347e9 MPDATA,ENTH,1,,9.145e9MPDATA,ENTH,1,,1.03e10MPDATA,ENTH,1,,1.272e10!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量WidthBase=0.025!宽度HeightBase=0.02!基底高度Length=0.09!长度WidthClad=0.0015!宽度HeightDeposition=0.00375!覆层高度Layer=15!层数HeightClad=HeightDeposition/layerdt=0.0001!小量Temp=20!环境温度InitTemp=300!初始温度CoffConv=30!对流换热系数!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量Velocity=0.003!扫描速度StepDis=0.0015!每个载荷步位移LaserPower=700!激光功率Radius=0.0015!激光光斑半径Area=3.14159265*(Radius**2)!激光光斑面积Factor=0.3!吸收因子StepTime=StepDis/Velocity!每个载荷步时间TotalTime=(Length+Radius*2)/Velocity!载荷持续时间(扫描一层) StepNum=(Length+Radius*2)/StepDis!载荷步数!======================================== =======================================================!建模BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,0,WidthClad,BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,WidthClad,0.0067 BLOCK,0,Length,-0.0066,-HeightBase,0,WidthClad,K, ,0,0,WidthBase,K, ,Length,0,WidthBase,K, ,0,-HeightBase,WidthBase,K, ,Length,-HeightBase,WidthBase,V, 16, 13, 27, 25, 15, 14,28, 26V, 24, 21, 27, 13, 23, 22,28, 14BLOCK,0,Length,0,HeightDeposition,0,WidthClad,VGLUE,ALLNUMCMP,ALL!======================================== ========================================= ==============!划分网格LSEL, S, LOC, Y, dt, HeightDeposition-dt,!高度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Layer,LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthLESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, 0, WidthBase-DT,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, WidthBase,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5LSEL, S, LOC, X, dt,Length-dt,!长度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Length/StepDis,LSEL, S, LOC, Z, dt, WidthClad-dt,!宽度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , 1,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,WidthClad+DT,0.0067-DTLESIZE,ALL,,,4,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DT LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-DT,-HeightBaseLESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DTLSEL,R,LOC,Y,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5VSEL,S,LOC,Y,0,HeightDeposition!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLVSEL,S,LOC,Y,-1,0!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLALLSEL,ALL!======================================== ========================================= ==============!基底边界条件、初始条件NSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底初始温度IC,ALL,TEMP,InitTempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底侧面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, Z, WidthBaseSF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底左端面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, X, 0SF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y, -HeightBase,0 !基底右端面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, X, LengthSF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y,!基底上表面，换热边界条件NSEL, R, LOC, Z, WidthClad, WidthBase SF, ALL, CONV, CoffConv, TempALLSEL,ALLFINISH/SOLU!======================================== ========================================= ==============!瞬态分析参数设置ANTYPE,4!分析类型：瞬态!*TRNOPT,FULL!求解方法：完全的N-R方法LNSRCH, on!*!DELTIM,0.01,0.001,0.05!载荷子步(默认子步时间步长、最小、最大)——载荷步为0.333NSUBST, 4CNVTOL,HEAT, ,0.01,2,0.000001,!收敛准则：控制热流OUTRES,NSOL,LAST!结果输出：所有!======================================== ========================================= ==============!杀死单元NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0, HeightDeposition !杀死熔覆层单元ESLN, S, 1, ALLEKILL,ALLALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOTESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0,RadiusSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALL!======================================== =======================================================!预热*DO, i, 1, 2m=mod(i,2)*IF,m,EQ,1,THEN!如果为奇数层，向右扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i-1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=StepDis*(k-1)RightX=StepDis*kNSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x,RightX-2*Radius, RightXNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!删除热流密度载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis, RightX-2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, O, RadiusSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ELSE!如果为偶数层，向左扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i-1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=Length-StepDis*kRightX=Length-StepDis*(k-1)NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x,RightX-2*Radius, RightXNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!激活单元的上表面，删除载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,0NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis, RightX-2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, O, RadiusSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ENDIF*ENDDOESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT!======================================== =======================================================!熔覆*DO, i, 1, Layer, 1m=mod(i,2)*IF,m,EQ,1,THEN!如果为奇数层，向右扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i+1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=StepDis*(k-1)RightX=StepDis*kNSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX, RightXESLN, S, 1EALIVE,ALLALLSEL, ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x,RightX-2*Radius, RightXNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含左端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,0NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含右端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的侧面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Z,WidthCladNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!删除热流密度载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis, RightX-2*StepDisSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL,S,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1) !激活单元的下表面，删除对流换热边条ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX-2*StepDis,RightX-2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, RadiusNSEL, U, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iESLN, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1)SFDELE, ALL, CONVALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ELSE!如果为偶数层，向左扫描*DO, k, 1, StepNum, 1TIME,TotalTime*(i+1)+StepTime *k !载荷步结束时间KBC,1!载荷步内载荷随时间分布：常数LeftX=Length-StepDis*kRightX=Length-StepDis*(k-1)NSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX, RightXESLN, S, 1EALIVE,ALLALLSEL, ALLNSEL, S, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1),HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX,LeftX+2*RadiusNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, Radius!激活单元的上表面，加热流密度ESLN, S, 1SFE, ALL, 4, HFLUX, , LaserPower*Factor/Area, , ,ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含左端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,0NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的表面，如果包含右端面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的侧面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Z,WidthCladNSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1), HeightDeposition/Layer*iSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLSOLVESAVESFEDELE,ALL,4,HFLUX!激活单元的上表面，删除载荷ALLSEL, ALLESEL,S,LIVE!激活单元的上表面，指定为对流换热边条NSLE,S,1NSEL,R,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iNSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX+2*StepDis, RightX+2*StepDisSF,ALL,CONV,CoffConv,TempALLSEL,ALLNSEL,S,LOC,Y,HeightDeposition /Layer*(i-1) !激活单元的下表面，删除对流换热边条ESEL, S, LIVEESLN, R, 0NSLE, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC, x, LeftX+2*StepDis,RightX+2*StepDisNSEL, R, LOC, Z, 0, RadiusNSEL, U, LOC, Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*iESLN, S, 1NSEL, R, LOC,Y,HeightDeposition/Layer*(i-1)SFDELE, ALL, CONVALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT*ENDDO*ENDIF*ENDDOESEL,S,LIVEEPLOT!======================================== =======================================================!冷却!======================================== ======================================!~100s*DO, k, 1, 2, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+50*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDO!======================================== ======================================!~1000s*DO, k, 1, 9, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+100+ 100*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDO!======================================== ======================================!~3000s*DO, k, 1, 10, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+1000 +200*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDO!==============================================================================!~10000s*DO, k, 1, 14, 1TIME,TotalTime*(Layer+2)+3000 +500*k!载荷步结束时间NSUBST, 5KBC, 1SOLVESAVE*ENDDOFINISH【我的硕士论文的一部分】求解应力场!修改速度、时间子步步长、载荷文件位置!如果修改基底的热膨胀系数，要修改宏文件!单位制:米、秒、摄氏度/CLEAR,START/FILNAME,stress,0/COM,ANSYS RELEASE10.0 UP20050718 20:15:5209/10/2007/CONFIG, NRES, 5000/PREP7/PAGE, 1000, , 1000,/VIEW,1,1,2,3/ANG,1/REP,FAST!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!指定单元ET,1,45!*!*!======================================== ========================================= ==============!材料属性!======================================== =============================!316LMPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,DENS,1,,7850MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,0MPDATA,ALPX,1,,1.75E-005MPTEMP,,,,,,,,MPTEMP,1,20MPTEMP,2,300MPTEMP,3,600MPTEMP,4,900MPTEMP,5,1300MPDATA,EX,1,,2.0E+11MPDATA,EX,1,,1.7E+11 MPDATA,EX,1,,1.5E+11MPDATA,EX,1,,5.0E+10 MPDATA,EX,1,,0.4E+10MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.25TB,KINH,1,5,4,0TBTEMP,20TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,7E-4,1.4E8TBPT,,0.0012,1.83E8TBPT,,0.1,2.16E9TBTEMP,300TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,5.5E-4,9.35E7TBPT,,0.0012,1.27E8TBPT,,0.1,1.84E9TBTEMP,600TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,3.2E-4,4.8E7TBPT,,0.0012,7.19E7TBPT,,0.1,1.54E9TBTEMP,900TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,2.5E-4,1.25E7TBPT,,0.0012,5.1E7TBPT,,0.1,5.45E8TBTEMP,1300TBPT,,0,0TBPT,,2.5E-4,1E6TBPT,,0.00375,1.13E7TBPT,,0.1,7.05E7!======================================== =============================!A3ExpandCoeff=1.75E-005!structural->nonlinear->inelastic->rate independent->kinematic hardening plasticity->mises plasticity->bilinear!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量WidthBase=0.025!宽度HeightBase=0.02!基底高度Length=0.09!长度WidthClad=0.0015!宽度HeightDeposition=0.00375!覆层高度Layer=15!层数HeightClad=HeightDeposition/layerdt=0.0001!小量Temp=20!环境温度InitTemp=300!初始温度CoffConv=30!对流换热系数!======================================== ========================================= ==============!定义常量Velocity=0.003!扫描速度StepDis=0.0015!每个载荷步位移LaserPower=700!激光功率Radius=0.0015!激光光斑半径Area=3.14159265*(Radius**2)!激光光斑面积Factor=0.3!吸收因子StepTime=StepDis/Velocity!每个载荷步时间TotalTime=(Length+Radius*2)/Velocity!载荷持续时间(扫描一层) StepNum=(Length+Radius*2)/StepDis!载荷步数!======================================== =======================================================!建模BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,0,WidthClad,BLOCK,0,Length,0,-0.0066,WidthClad,0.0067 BLOCK,0,Length,-0.0066,-HeightBase,0,WidthClad,K, ,0,0,WidthBase,K, ,Length,0,WidthBase,K, ,0,-HeightBase,WidthBase,K, ,Length,-HeightBase,WidthBase,V, 16, 13, 27, 25, 15, 14,28, 26V, 24, 21, 27, 13, 23, 22,28, 14BLOCK,0,Length,0,HeightDeposition,0,WidthClad,VGLUE,ALLNUMCMP,ALL!======================================== ========================================= ==============!划分网格HeightDeposition-dt,!高度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Layer,LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-DT,-0.0066+DTLSEL,R,LOC,X,LengthLESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, 0, WidthBase-DT,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT LSEL,R, LOC, Z, WidthBase,LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5Length-dt,!长度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , Length/StepDis,LSEL, S, LOC, Z, dt, WidthClad-dt,!宽度方向LESIZE, ALL, , , 1,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,WidthClad+DT,0.0067-DTLESIZE,ALL,,,4,LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DT LSEL,R,LOC,Y,-DT,-HeightBaseLESIZE,ALL,,,4,2LSEL,S,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DTLSEL,R,LOC,Y,0LESIZE,ALL,,,4,0.5VSEL,S,LOC,Y,0,HeightDeposition!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLVSEL,S,LOC,Y,-1,0!网格划分TYPE,1MAT,1MSHAPE,0,3DMSHKEY,1VMESH,ALLALLSEL,ALLVSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066-DT,-HeightBase+DT!删除热影响区外的单元VSEL,A,LOC,Z,0.0067+DT,WidthBase-DTVCLEAR,ALLVDELE,ALL, , ,1ALLSEL,ALLFINISH!======================================== ========================================= ==============!瞬态分析参数设置/SOLANTYPE,4!分析类型：瞬态TRNOPT,FULL!求解方法：对于材料非线性，这是唯一的方法NLGEOM,on!大变形分析LNSRCH, onNSUBST, 4NEQIT,30CNVTOL,U,,0.05,2,,!收敛准则：控制位移CNVTOL,F,,0.01,2,!收敛准则：控制力OUTRES,NSOL,LAST!结果输出：TREF, Temp!======================================== ========================================= ==============!杀死单元NSEL, S, LOC, Y, 0, HeightDeposition !杀死熔覆层单元ESLN, S, 1EKILL,ALLALLSEL,ALLESEL,S,LIVEEPLOTNSEL,S,LOC,Z,0!对称边条（相当于三个约束，UZ,ROTX,ROTY）D,ALL,UZ,0NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066!固定中心点（增加两个约束，UX,UY）NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0NSEL,R,LOC,X,length/2D,ALL,ALL,0NSEL,S,LOC,Y,-0.0066,0!固定中心线（增加一个约束，ROTZ）NSEL,R,LOC,Z,0NSEL,R,LOC,X,length/2D,ALL,UX,0ALLSEL,ALLSAVE!======================================== =======================================================!熔覆*DO,m,1,Layerk=mod(m,2)*IF,K,EQ,1,THEN*DO,n,1,StepNum,KBC,0TIME,TotalTime*(m-1)+StepTime*nLeftX=StepDis*(n-1)。

基于强化散热的薄板焊接温度场数值模拟

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１强化散热焊接装置
订／（ｃ、订ａ）ｂ
田为焊接过程中的功率有效系数，一般为Ｏ～０９本文中取．．，７为实现对焊缝区域的强化散热，焊炬进行改造，焊炬后方式中，对在．Ｕ为焊接电压，＝０Ｖ；为焊接电流，５Ａ。５Ｕ２Ｊ１０＝加装冷却气体喷嘴。喷嘴与焊炬保持一定距离并同步移动，通过低０８；温ｃ：体对焊缝进行射流冲击强化散热，以达到降低焊接热输ｏ气冷却气体与试件问的换热采用圆形射流冲击传热模型［：６］
图１强化散热焊接装置示意图
３３．网格划分
２温度场基本方程
焊接温度场分析为非线性瞬态热传导问题，根据傅立叶定律和能量守恒定律可得其控制方程为：
焊接是一个温度随时间和空间急剧变化的过程，温度梯度很大。模型网格如图３示，所为提高模拟精确度及计算效率，在焊缝
图２物理模型
机理。本文采用大型有限元分析软件ＡＡＵ，用三维实体单３２焊接热源及强化散热模型ＢＱＳ应＿元对模拟，以获得常规焊接２５焊接热源采用ＧＬＡＯＤＫ热源模型，距加热中心任意一点的热及强化散热焊接条件下焊件的温度场，为进一步研究该方法，制控流密度可表示为下列形式［：ｓ］焊接变形提供参考。

低碳钢激光焊接温度场模拟

低碳钢激光焊接温度场模拟发表时间：2019-08-07T15:48:34.093Z 来源：《防护工程》2019年9期作者：王泽三王振品孟凡鸿[导读] 激光焊接更加稳定和可靠，需要确定何种焊接工艺是合理的。

中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司山东青岛 266000摘要:由于与其他焊接方法相比，激光焊接的能量密度高，而且其热影响范围狭窄，因此其在工业生产中的应用范围越来越广，以便使激光焊接技术在工业中得到更广泛的应用，并使激光焊接工艺在工业中得到更广泛的应用。

激光焊接更加稳定和可靠，需要确定何种焊接工艺是合理的。

关键词：低碳钢；激光焊接；温度场模拟引言随着激光技术的发展，目前激光焊接在汽车制造业、造船业以及桥梁工业的应用越来越多。

尤其是在汽车制造行业，随着环境保护力度的加强，以及可持续发展政策力度的不断提高，本文主要对低碳钢激光焊接温度场模拟进行了有效的探讨。

1激光焊接的影响因素激光焊接的主要影响因素有：第一，能量的密度，能量密度简而言之就是将板片熔化的能力，当能量密度大的时候，板片会迅速达到熔点，对提升激光焊接效率及效果非常有利；第二，焊接速度，如果焊接速度过慢，在板片上停留时间较长，会对板片造成影响，可能会出现高温产生的漏洞，如果焊接速度过快，焊接效果会受到影响，很容易造成焊接不牢的情况；第三，材料的吸收能力，材料吸收能力具体是材料的导热程度、材料的熔点等物理特性，吸收能力指材料对激光的吸收能力，如果板片的材料对激光的吸收能力强，在激光焊接时，板片会迅速达到熔点，继而熔化、焊接，如果板片的材料吸收能力弱，会使激光焊接时间延长，焊接效果不容易控制；第四，焊接的脉冲波形及脉冲的宽度，脉冲的波形不同，激光的功能也是不同的，主要有焊接波形和切割波形两种。

如果使用不当，会对焊接造成影响，并且会导致板片反射一部分激光，影响焊接效果。

脉冲的宽度是指单个脉冲激光的持续时间，适当的脉冲宽度才能达到良好的焊接效果。

2激光焊线的数值模型激光焊接所选用的热源为激光束，具有很高的能量密度，能够迅速使材料熔化形成连续且美观的焊线，焊接接头的熔宽和熔深取决于焊接母材料和焊接工艺，同时又是评价焊接质量的重要参数。

Q235钢焊接温度场的数值模拟_孙盼

第10卷第7期中国水运 Vol.10 No.7 2010年 7月 China Water Transport July 2010收稿日期：2010-04-24作者简介：孙盼（1986-），女，武汉理工大学在读硕士，主要从事焊接工艺和焊接材料的研究。

Q235钢焊接温度场的数值模拟孙盼，李文，姬庆玲（武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院，湖北武汉 430070）摘要：文中应用ANSYS 有限元分析软件，对薄板Q235焊接温度场进行了数值模拟，采用了ANSYS 焊接仿真中高斯热源的一般加载算法：基于表参数的整面热流密度加载，得到了Q235的焊接温度场及特定节点的热循环曲线，与焊接实际生产条件相符。

关键词：有限元分析；高斯热源；温度场；数值模拟中图分类号：TG457.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7973（2010）07-0235-02一、引言焊接是一个涉及多学科的复杂的物理—化学过程，单凭积累工艺试验数据来深入了解和控制焊接过程则既不切实际又成本昂贵和费时费力。

随着计算机技术的发展，通过计算机软件来模拟焊接过程以获得焊接过程已成为解决现代工程学问题必不可少的有力工具。

采用ANSYS 进行焊接温度场的模拟时，需要解决的问题之一就是热源加载形式和热源分布函数的确定，对于CO 2气体保护焊，可不考虑电弧吹力和熔池流体传热特征，采用高斯分布的表面热源就可得到较满意的结果。

二、建模与分析 1．有限元模型有限元模型如图1所示。

焊板尺寸：120mm×60mm× 6mm。

考虑到焊接时温度随时间和空间急剧变化，焊接热源附近温度梯度很大，所以采用三维热实体八节点六面体单元SOLID70，在焊缝及附近采用细分的网格，而在远离焊缝处用较粗大的网格。

这样划分，既可以保证计算精度，又可以提高运算速度。

图1 有限元模型2．高斯热源模型有关实验研究表明，高斯热源模型能够表征焊接电弧的热流分布特征。