大学英语跨文化交际
大学英语跨文化交际教案
教学目标：1. 让学生了解跨文化交际的基本概念和重要性。
2. 培养学生对不同文化差异的敏感性和理解能力。
3. 提高学生的跨文化交际意识和实际操作能力。
教学重点：1. 跨文化交际的概念和重要性。
2. 不同文化差异的识别和应对策略。
教学难点：1. 学生对不同文化差异的理解和适应。
2. 学生在实际跨文化交际中的沟通技巧。
教学过程：一、导入1. 教师简要介绍跨文化交际的概念和重要性，激发学生的学习兴趣。
2. 提问：同学们认为跨文化交际在我们的生活中有哪些重要性？二、基础知识讲解1. 教师详细讲解跨文化交际的概念、特点、原则等基本知识。
2. 通过案例分析，让学生了解不同文化差异的具体表现。
三、文化差异对比1. 教师引导学生分析中西方文化差异，如：时间观念、空间观念、个人主义与集体主义等。
2. 学生分组讨论，对比中西方文化差异，分享各自的观点。
四、实际操作训练1. 教师设计一个跨文化交际场景，如：商务谈判、旅游交流等。
2. 学生分组扮演不同角色，进行实际操作训练。
3. 教师观察并指导，帮助学生提高跨文化交际技巧。
五、总结与反思1. 教师总结本节课的重点内容，强调跨文化交际的重要性。
2. 学生分享自己在实际操作训练中的收获和体会。
3. 教师针对学生的表现进行点评和指导。
教学资源：1. 多媒体课件：跨文化交际基本知识、文化差异对比案例等。
2. 文化差异对比表格：中西方文化差异对比。
3. 跨文化交际场景模拟案例。
教学评价：1. 课堂参与度：观察学生在课堂上的发言、讨论和实际操作表现。
2. 知识掌握情况：通过课堂提问和课后作业检查学生对跨文化交际基本知识的掌握程度。
3. 实际操作能力：评价学生在跨文化交际场景模拟中的表现，如沟通技巧、应对策略等。
教学反思：1. 教师根据学生的反馈，调整教学策略，提高教学效果。
2. 教师关注学生在跨文化交际中的实际需求，提供针对性的指导。
3. 教师鼓励学生积极参与跨文化交际实践，提高跨文化交际能力。
大学英语教材跨文化交际
大学英语教材跨文化交际现代社会，全球化的浪潮席卷而来，跨文化交际已成为我们生活中不可忽视的一部分。
随着中国的国际地位日益提升，英语作为一门重要的外语，大学英语教材中自然也需要涉及跨文化交际的内容。
本文将从教材的角度探讨如何有效地进行大学英语教材中的跨文化交际。
一、了解不同文化众所周知，不同国家和地区有不同的语言、习俗、价值观等等。
而在大学英语教材中，对于学生来说，更重要的是对不同文化的了解，这将有助于学生更好地进行跨文化交际。
因此，在教材中，我们可以引入一些真实的案例、故事或者短篇小说，展示不同国家或地区的文化特点，以便学生更好地理解和接纳其他文化。
二、培养跨文化意识跨文化意识是指在跨文化交际中，学习者能够尊重和理解他人的文化差异，并且能够适应和应对这些差异。
在大学英语教材中，我们可以通过多样化的练习，培养学生的跨文化意识。
例如，可以组织学生进行跨文化对话练习，在此过程中，注重学生彼此的理解和尊重，同时引导学生思考和讨论不同文化背景下的沟通方式和习俗。
三、学习跨文化交际技巧跨文化交际不仅仅是了解不同文化和培养跨文化意识，还需要学习一些实际的交际技巧。
在大学英语教材中，我们可以加入一些真实场景的对话或者角色扮演练习，帮助学生学习和掌握跨文化交际的技巧。
例如，可以设置商务会议、外籍留学生与中国学生的交流等情境，让学生在这些情境中进行实际的跨文化交际练习，加深他们的理解和应用能力。
四、提供跨文化交际资源为了更好地进行大学英语教材中的跨文化交际教学，我们可以提供一些相关资源，例如跨文化交际手册、网络资源、文化节庆活动等等。
这些资源可以为教师和学生提供更多的背景知识和实践机会，进一步加强跨文化交际的学习效果。
总之，在大学英语教材中，跨文化交际的内容是不可或缺的。
通过了解不同文化、培养跨文化意识、学习跨文化交际技巧以及提供相关资源，我们可以有效地促进学生在大学英语教材中的跨文化交际学习。
这将有助于学生更好地适应现代社会的多元文化环境，提升他们的综合素质和竞争力。
大学英语跨文化交际总结
Chapter 1 cultureThe nature of culture:1.culture is like an iceberg2.culture is our software3.culture is like the water a fish swims in4.culture is the grammar of our behaviorCharacteristics of culture:1.culture is learned (through proverbs, folklore, art, mass media)2.culture is dynamic 动态的3.culture is pervasive 普遍的4.culture is integrated 综合的5.culture is adaptiveCultural identity 文化认同1.cultural identity defined2.formation of cultural identity (unexamined, search, achievement)3.characteristics of cultural identityCultures within culture1.subculture亚文化群2.Co-culture 共文化3.Sub-group 亚群体SummaryMany of us take our culture for granted. The only time when we may ever think about it is when we leave our own country to travel abroad or when we encounter someone with a culture so different from ours that we have to examine our own beliefs. Much of what we think is the "right" or "correct" way to act or do something is actually part of the knowledge that we have learned from our culture.Culture is a large and inclusive concept. The first definition of culture, by the English anthropologist Edward B. Tylor, involves knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Although this definition has tried to cover more aspects that may direct human behavior, more inclusive definitions continue to come into being. However, in this book, culture is defined from the intercultural communication perspective: culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.Compared with the different ideas on what culture is, scholars agree on the characteristics of culture. Generally speaking, culture is learned, dynamic, pervasive, integrated and adaptive.Cultural identity refers to one's sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. People identify with being a member of a group. Being a member of a group helps to define who we are. We are all members of groups of different sizes.One of the largest groups that a person can belong to is a culture. Everyone belongs to a culture.Other groups that people may be a member of are subcultures (also called co-culture) and subgroups. Subcultures exist within dominant culture, and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region.Co-culture refers to groups or social communities exh 如ting communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture.Subgroups usually do not involve the same large number of people and are not necessarily thought of as accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do. Subgroups can be as small as a few people or as large as a major religion. Subgroups provide their members with norms that tell people how to behave and think. Subgroups can be considered "deviant" forms of behavior. Subgroups can also be defined as "non-exclusive" and "temporary" forms of behavior.Chapter 2 intercultural communicationCommunicationmunication definedponents (组成)of communication(sender/message/encoding/channel/receiver/decoding 编石马/feedback/noise/context)Characteristics of communicationmunication is dynamicmunication is systematicmunication is symbolic 象征的munication is irreversible 不可逆的munication is transactional 相互作用的munication is self-reflective 自我反思的munication is contextual 前后关系的Culture and communicationCulture and communication, although two different concepts, are directly linked. They are so inextricably bound that some anthropologists believe the terms are virtually synonymous. Whenever people interact, they communicate. Culture is learned, acted out, transmitted, and preserved through communication. Although the concepts of communication and culture work together, we separate them here for purposes of our discussion, we begin by examining "communication" because to understand intercultural interaction, you must first recognize the role of communication in that process.Cultures inherently contain communication systems. Communication and culture are inseparable. One implication of this insight is that cultures generate symbols, rituals, customs, and formats. To use a simple example, every culture has rules forachievement and attainment. In Western culture, the symbols include degrees, promotions, certificates, material objects, technology, and other symbols of material wealth. However, nationals in rural Botswana take pride in the primary group and not just individual attainment. Cultural misunderstanding occurs when we fail to match the appropriate symbols and general communication system to the culture. Just witness the awkwardness of an expatriate who attends a gathering in a host culture, but fails to wear the appropriate clothes. One cannot escape this inseparability of culture and communication.Each culture encourages a particular communication style expected within it. This implies not only using correct symbols, but also applying the appropriate communication style for the occasion. Communication styles include mannerisms, phrases, rituals, and communication customs appropriate for various situations in a culture. For instance, in Saudi Arabia the correct interpersonal communication style upon meeting one's host is often language loaded with compliments and thanks. Public criticism of fellow workers in this culture is rare, for such a message would appear disrespectful. Some West Africans exhibit a friendly and warm interpersonal communication style. Some Asians are described as conscious of propriety, ceremony, and rules of respect and honor. Some U.S. culture members appear informal and uninhibited Some Britons display a reserved manner, preferring understatement and control in interpersonal interaction. These examples remind us of the importance of understanding intercultural communication style.Areas like loudness, pitch, rate, and certain stances and gestures characterize communication behaviors. A specific culture expects an "ideal" communication style.The contrasts are striking, such as when an American speaks in a "normal" conversational voice, a "quiet" Thai national may think the voice is too loud and interpret the American to be angry.Intercultural communication1.intercultural communication defined2.forms of intercultural communication (international communication/interracialcommunication 跨人种/interethnic communication 跨种族/intraculturalcommunication 同一文化内)SummaryCommunication is an element of culture. It is believed that every cultural pattern and every single act of social behavior involves communication. When a baby is just born, he usually cries. His crying communicates something. When you graduate, your friends usually say "Congratulations!" to you. When a driver sees the red light, he/she will stop. All these are cases of communication.Communication is derived from the Latin word communicate, meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.However, like culture, the term "communication" has been defined from different perspectives. In fact, the way that people view communication - what it is, how to do it, and reasons for doing it - is part of their culture. Western culture emphasizes the instrumental function of communication and the prior consideration is to achieve the sender's personal goal, while in Eastern culture, in addition to sending and receiving messages simultaneously, communicators take their relationship into account.The process of communication has nine components: sender/source, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback, noise and context. The sender encodes a message (information that the sender wants to share with other people) by putting it into symbols (usually words or nonverbal gestures) and then sending it through a channel. A channel can be printed media such as magazines and newspapers; electronic media such as television, radio, and the Internet; or sounds traveling through the air when two people speak face to face. Sometimes, it is difficult for the message to reach the receiver. The difficulty is due to "noise". When receivers get the message, they must "decode" or try to understand it. For example, if the sender encodes a message using English, the receiver must use their knowledge of English language to understand it. Often, the sender pays attention to the feedback of the receiver. The communication takes place within a setting or situation called context.Any communication process demonstrates several characteristics, that is, dynamic, systematic, symbolic, irreversible, transactional, self-reflective and contextual. When communicating with people from different cultures, it is important to remember that culture and communication are strongly connected. Culture is a code we learn and share, and learning and sharing require communication. Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event. Intercultural communication as a term was first used in 1959 by Edward T. Hall—an American anthropologist. Intercultural communication includesinternational communication, interracial communication, interethnic commurucat10n and intracultural communication.Chapter 4 barriersEmotional problems as barriers1.anxiety and uncertainty (definition/strategies to overcome)2.assuming similarity instead of difference 假想相同点多于不同点Attitudinal problems as barriers1.ethnocentrism 种族或民族中心主义(defined/various forms)2.stereotyping (definition/categories)3.prejudice4.racism5.reasons for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism(socialization 社交化/social benefits/economic benefits/psychologicalbenefits)Translation problems as language barriersck of vocabulary equivalenceck of idiomatic equivalenceck of grammatical-syntactical equivalenceck of experiential equivalence 经验ck of conceptual equivalence 概念SummaryThere are several barriers to intercultural communication-anxiety and uncertainty, assuming similarity instead of difference, ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice, racism and translation problems.Anxiety and uncertainty, as well as assuming similarity instead of difference belong to the emotional problems.Anxiety occurs because of not knowing what one is expected to do, and focusing on that feeling and not being totally present in the communication transaction. Anxiety may also affect your ability to communicate your ideas to others, for you pay too much attention to your uncomfortable feelings. Uncertainty refers to our cognitive inability to explain our own or other's feelings and behaviors in interactions because of an ambiguous situation that evokes anxiety.Assuming similarity instead of difference is a natural thing to do if you do not have any information about a culture. It refers to the idea that people coming from another culture are more similar to you than they actually are or that another person's situation is more similar to yours than it in fact is. Assuming that a culture is similar to your own can cause you to ignore important differences This assumption always leads to disrupted communication and even conflict.Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism belong to the attitudinal problems Ethnocentrism is negatively judging another culture by your own culture's standards. To make ethnocentric judgments is to believe that the ways of your own culture are better than those of others.Stereotyping is used to refer to negative or positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership. It assumes that a person has certain qualities (good or bad) just because the person is a member of a specific group.Prejudice refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation. Prejudiced attitudes can take many forms.A specific kind of prejudice, racism refers to any policy, practice, belief, or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race. Racism involves not only prejudice, but also the exercise of power over individuals based on their race.Ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice, racism continue to exist because of socialization and the apparent social, economic, and psychological benefits that come from it.Due to language differences and cultural differences, translation can become a barrier to intercultural communication.Five elements that typically cause problems in translation are the lack of equivalences in vocabulary, idioms, grammar and syntax, experiences, and concepts.Chapter 5 verbal communicationSignificance of verbal communication"Verbal" means "consisting of words". Language, spoken or written, is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, verbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by usinglanguage.Language and culturenguage as a reflection of the environmentnguage as a reflection of values3.the meaning of wordsVerbal communication styles1.direct and indirect styles2.self-enhancement and self-effacement styles 宣扬和谦逊3.elaborate, exacting and succinct styles 详尽的，确切的，简洁的4.personal and contextual styles不同的称呼方式根据场合和地位5.instrumental and affective styles 理性与感性Language diversity1.dialects and sociolects 方言和社会方言2.pidgin and lingua franca洋泾浜语（汉语中夹杂外语）,混合语（母语不互通）3.taboo and euphemism 禁用语委婉语4.jargon 行话Cultural influence on written communication1.direct plan2.indirect planSummaryVerbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communicate with each other by using language.It is agreed that language helps in communicating with people from different backgrounds. However, people may be less aware that cultural literacy is necessary in order to understand the language being used. Words in themselves do not carry the meaning. The meaning comes out of the context. Although people use the dictionary to explain one language with another language, words of different languages don't mean the same thing because of the cultural influence on word meaning.There are mainly five verbal communication styles introduced in this chapter: direct / indirect; self-enhancement / self-effacement; elaborate / exacting / succinct; personal / contextual; and instrumental / affective.Language is a cultural phenomenon which is used to express different uses and to communicate different meanings. Language varies according to the communicative uses but also according to the users. In fact, users of the same language in a sense all speak differently and the kind of language each of them chooses to use is in part determined by their cultural background.In short, some language variations result from the language user, that is, his or her geographical origin (dialect), or his or her social condition (sociolect). However, some language variations result from the circumstances of communication, such as pidgin, Lingua Franca, jargon, taboo and euphemism. Dialect refers to geographical variation, while sociolect refers to variation in terms of social class or style. Pidgin refers to a mixed language that is used for trading purposes, while Lingua Franca refers to a specific language that is used as an international means of communication. Taboorefers to expressions that are considered impolite, while euphemism refers to polite expressions used to soften the offensive and disturbing language. Jargon refers to a special or technical vocabulary that is developed for professional purposes within professional groups like medicine or law.Furthermore, verbal communication involves both oral and written forms. Written communication is especially important in intercultural business communication. As the modem technological renovation (e-mail and ecommerce) calls for the written communication in business, businessmen should be more conscious about the written communication because mistakes made inwritten form are more serious and permanent.Cultural patterns influence not only oral communication but also written communication. Cultural impact on discourse patterns is to be classified into two categories: direct plan and indirect plan. In direct plans, clarity and conciseness are essential to a successful business writing style. The indirect plan has other priorities than the quick delivery of ideas, such as nurturing a relationship or developing some other context for the message. Direct plan is favored by results- oriented cultures Indirect plan is favored by relationship-oriented culture.Chapter 6 nonverbalSignificance of nonverbal communication1.nonverbal behavior accounts for much of the meaning we get from conversations.2.nonverbal behavior is significant because it spontaneou sly<D reflects thesubconsciousness.3.Nonverbal communication is significant is that we cannot avoid communicating. Definition and functions of nonverbal communication1.definition of nonverbal communication2.functions of nonverbal communication（repeating 重复/complementing 补充/substituting 代替/regulating/contradicting 反对）Paralanguage and silence1.paralanguage副语言（语音语调）2.silenceTime and space1.chronemics时间行为学的2.proxemics 人际距离学（fixed features of space/semifixed features ofspace/personal space包括四种情况下的不同距离）Other categories of nonverbal communication1.oculesics 目光语2.olfactics 嗅觉3.haptics 触觉4.kinesics 人体动作学（gestures/posture/facial expressions/chromatics 色彩/attire 打扮）SummaryWhen we learn to communicate, we learn not only language but also various waysof communicating. Communicators use both verbal and nonverbal codes tocommunicate, listeners expect to receive both kinds of messages during aconversation. If a speaker uses nonverbal codes poorly or inappropriately, a listenermay consider the person a poor speaker. However, misunderstandings may occurwhen the speakers and listeners are from different cultures and do not share thesame nonverbal codes.In brief, the messages sent without using words are called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication involves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by the sender and his or her use of the environment-these have potential message value for both the sender and receiver. Nonverbal communication codes or symbols or stimuli in a communicating settingcan be divided into different categories: paralanguage, silence, proxemics,chronemics, oculesics, olfactics, haptics, kinesics, chromatics and attire.Paralanguage is the set of audible sounds that accompany oral language toaugment its meaning When the German poet Klopstock wrote "The tones of humanvoices are mightier than strings or brass to move the soul", he meant that sounds wegenerate often communicate more than the words that they produce. We have theexperience of watching foreign movies: if we don't know the language they speakand there are no subtitles, we can still infer when performers are expressing anger,sorrow, joy, or any other emotions.Silence cues affect interpersonal communication by providing an interval in anongoing interaction during which the participants have time to think, check orsuppress an emotion, encode a lengthy response, or inaugurate another line of thought.Chronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time. People have different attitudes toward punctuality because they have different time orientations. People from monochronic cultures emphasize schedules, while people from polychronic cultures stress involvement of people and the completion of tasks as opposed to a strict adherence to schedules.Proxemics refers to the study of spatial relations. Cultures vary in such things as how living space is arranged and the distance between people in interaction. Oculesics refers to the study of communications sent by the eyes. Eyes play a central role in impression management. When people say that eyes talk, they mean that eyes convey messages. Although eye contact is a very important way of communication, direct eye-to-eye contact is not a custom throughout the world. Olfactics refers to the study of communication via smell. Americans feel uncomfortable with natural smells, so they spend millions of dollars to make themselves smell "good". However, many cultures regard natural smells as normal. Most 心abs perceive a person's smell as an extension of the person.Haptics or touch refers to communication through the use of bodily contact. There are different behavioral patterns regarding touch. We learn the rules, as we move from infancy into childhood. The wrong behavior of touching in strange cultures can create uncertainty and even ill feeling.Kinesics refers to gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, body position, bodymovement, and forms of greeting and their relations to communication. Although any part of the body can be used for communicating nonverbally, face, hands, and arms are the primary 灼nesic channels through which nonverbal messages are sent. Chromatics refers to the study of color in reference to people's perceptions, behaviors, and impressions of others. The same color may be interpreted differently in different cultures. The wrong color of your clothes may make people dislike you, or even hate you. It is quite important to watch what color is appropriate in certain settings, when you are in a foreign countryAttire refers to clothing and physical appearance. It also serves as nonverbal symbols. We often identify a person's culture by his or her physical appearance and dress. Communication with others is often perceived by visual observations of his or her physical appearance.Chapter 7 cultural patternsDefining cultural patterns1.ways of thinking2.ways of actingComponents of cultural patterns 组成1.beliefs 信仰2.values价值观3.norms行为准则4.social practices 社会行为Culture theory1.high-context culture高语境文化（很多信息在环境中是可见的，没有必要用语言过多描述）2.low-context culture (语言作为主要传递信息的方式)3.problems posed (高语境的会嫌弃低语境的人说的太多，给予了太多不需要的信息)Value orientation1.human nature orientation2.person-nature orientation (mastery-over-nature view/harmony-with-natureview/subjugation-to-nature view)3.time orientation (value-past/value-present/value-future)4.activity orientation (value-doing/value-being/value-being-in-becoming)5.relational orientationCultural variability1.individualism and collectivism 独立的集中的2.uncertainty avoidance3.power distance4.masculinity and femininity 男权主义女权主义SummaryAlthough individuals, even in the same culture, tend to have different valuepatterns, there are overall values shaped by one's culture which are shared by the members of the group. Understanding a culture's value pattern is of great significance in terms of understanding their behaviorsShared beliefs, values, norms, and social practices that are stable over time and that lead to roughly similar behaviors across similar situations are known as cultural patterns.A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world.Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel.Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors.Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow.Context is defined as the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event. Edward T. Hall introduced the high context communication and low context communication. A high context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message. A low context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code. It is verbalized.Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientations are based on: human nature, person-nature interface, time, activity and human relationships. These five aspects define group cultures according to different categories:A s for human-nature orientation, cultures could be divided into six groups: (1) Humans are evil but changeable; (2) Humans are evil and unchangeable; (3) Humans are neutral with respect to good and evil; (4) Humans are a mixture of good and evil; (5) Humans are good but changeable; (6) Humans are good and unchangeable.The person-nature orientation consists of three categories: (1) Mastery over nature;(2) Harmony with nature; (3) Subjugation to nature.As far as time orientation is concerned, cultures may belong to (1) The past orientation; (2) The present orientation; (3) The future orientation.The activity orientation involves three groups: (1) The d- omg onentatlOn; (2) The being orientation; (3) The being-in-becoming orientation.Geert Hofstede has identified four value dimensions that have a significant impact on behavior in all cultures. These dimensions are individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity and femininity. Individualistic cultures give more importance to individuals' needs when they do things such as setting goals.Collectivism is characterized by a rigid social framework that distinguishes between in-groups and out-groups.Uncertainty avoidance deals with the degree to which members of a culture try to avoid uncertainty.Power distance is "the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally". That is to say, how equal or unequal .the people in a particular culture think people should be.The major differentiation between masculine and feminine cultures is howgender roles are distributed in cultures.Those dimensions offer certain measurements for researchers to study a specific culture or do comparative research work from an intercultural perspective.Chapter 8 cultural influence on contextsThe business context1.culture influence on business context2.management不同国家方式不同3.business etiquette norms 商务礼仪(appointment seeking/the date forbusiness/greeting behavior/gift giving)The educational context1.culture influence on the educational context2.role behaviors of students and teachers3.classroom participation4.turn taking说话的方式时间和行为The health care context1.culture influence on the health care context2.family and gender roles in the health care context3.conversational structures and languageSummaryMeaning in communication is basically decided by context. Communication is not devoid of external influence: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the。
《新大学英语跨文化交际阅读》Language and Culture
Hale Waihona Puke Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf visited Geely on May 2010 and met Geely Group Chairman Li Shufu. At the meeting, the Swedish King showed his great concern for the future Volvo Cars, so he asked Li how Geely would guarantee that Volvo's standards would not be undermined after Geely's acquisition. Li Shufu said "We are not just keeping Volvo's standards, but helping Volvo regain its past glory.” The following day, the Swedish group attended the Geely-Volvo acquisition forum in Shanghai. One of the textbook authors made a presentation to the Swedish group and he asked the Swedish group whether they understood what Li meant by saying “We are not just keeping Volvo's standards, but helping Volvo regain its past glory.” They replied “No” and they asked the author what Li meant. When the author gave a short explanation from an intercultural perspective, they were all relieved and showed their gratitude to Geely’s acquisition.
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全) Unit1 Sportsmanship: It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas.3. It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general.The pioneering spirit: E某cept for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom.American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.1. Traditionally, individualism, independence andcollaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans.3. The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationshipsFive relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend.Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders.Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.Collectivism A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals.1. According to Confucianism, what are the five cardinalrelationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships beThat is the well-known five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. This was e某plained as\There should be affectionbetween man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends.\2. What is the difference between collectivism andindividualismFirstly, westerns tend to believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible- and they usually e某pect other people to do the same. So they don't think they have the obligation to help family members and friends during emergency situations. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures generally feel that they have a right to help other members of their groups.Secondly, westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of a larger group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personalbenefit for the sake of the group. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.E某tended family: adult couples are e某pected to formtheir ownhousehold with either of their biological families.2. Because they desire a close and intense bond with their partners，they e某pect so much from marriage that so many get divorcedImpermanence: the property of not e某isting for indefinitely long durations.Stable: resistant to change of position or condition Connection vs. contract: relationship。
跨文化交际课大学英语教案
课程目标：1. 培养学生对跨文化交际重要性的认识，提高跨文化交际意识。
2. 通过案例分析、小组讨论和角色扮演等活动，使学生掌握跨文化交际的基本技巧。
3. 拓宽学生的国际视野，增强跨文化交际能力。
教学对象：大学英语专业学生教学课时：2课时教学内容：1. 跨文化交际的概念及重要性2. 跨文化交际的障碍与应对策略3. 中西方文化差异分析4. 跨文化交际案例分析教学过程：第一课时一、导入1. 教师简要介绍跨文化交际的概念，引导学生思考跨文化交际在现代社会的重要性。
2. 学生分享自己在跨文化交际中的亲身经历，引发对跨文化交际问题的讨论。
二、讲授1. 跨文化交际的概念及重要性- 解释跨文化交际的定义，强调其在全球化背景下的重要性。
- 列举跨文化交际在日常生活、工作、学习等领域的应用实例。
2. 跨文化交际的障碍与应对策略- 分析跨文化交际中可能遇到的障碍，如语言、价值观、信仰等。
- 介绍应对策略，如尊重差异、了解文化背景、提高跨文化意识等。
三、案例分析1. 教师展示中西方文化差异的案例，如饮食、节日、礼仪等。
2. 学生分组讨论，分析案例中的文化差异及其影响。
3. 每组派代表分享讨论成果，教师点评并总结。
四、角色扮演1. 教师提供情景，学生分组进行角色扮演，模拟跨文化交际的场景。
2. 角色扮演结束后，各小组分享体验，教师点评并总结。
第二课时一、复习1. 教师回顾上一节课的内容，检查学生对跨文化交际概念、障碍与应对策略的掌握程度。
2. 学生提问，教师解答。
二、讲授1. 中西方文化差异分析- 深入分析中西方文化在价值观、思维方式、交际方式等方面的差异。
- 结合具体案例，引导学生思考文化差异对跨文化交际的影响。
2. 跨文化交际技巧- 教授学生在跨文化交际中应遵循的原则，如尊重、耐心、倾听等。
- 通过案例分析，使学生了解如何运用跨文化交际技巧解决实际问题。
三、总结1. 教师总结本节课的主要内容，强调跨文化交际的重要性。
大学英语跨文化交际 要点汇总
Unit 1
Economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.
The English equivalents of the above kinship terms are not so used. Even with relatives, Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship.
--- the explicit, particular, defined meaning. Connotation: the suggestive meaning of a word --- all
the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning. Taboo: some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons. Euphemism: the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.
大学英语跨文化交际教程第二版【跨文化交际视域下的大学英语教学】
大学英语跨文化交际教程第二版【跨文化交际视域下的大学英语教学】随着国际化交流日益频繁，跨民族语言交际过程中的文化差异和文化调适问题就日益突显出来，这些问题又刺激人们反思语言与文化的内在关联。
随着人们对跨文化语言交际行为的认识越来越充分，人们对外语教学有了新的认识。
近几年，外语教学中的跨文化交际问题成为一个颇受关注的重要问题。
本文主要探讨在跨文化交际的视野下，大学英语教学应该做出的调整，并尝试提出语言教学与文化教学有机结合的大学英语教学体系的若干原则。
一、语言交际与文化语境文化是语言的母体，文化蕴育出语言。
从另一个角度说，语言是文化的载体，文化信息最大程度地体现在语言之中。
在根本上、总体上，是文化决定语言，语言的有效使用无时不在它的文化母体中进行。
也就是说，在我们进行语言交际时，并不仅仅是语言符号系统之间的互译，同时也依赖文化之间的默契。
从语义的角度说，在语言交际过程中，语言意义的最终完成不仅是语言自身的过程，同时也是一个文化作用的过程。
语言习得的过程其实必然也是一个文化习得的过程，只是在母语习得过程中，语言习得与文化习得之间几乎天衣无缝，一切都是自然而然完成的，几乎没有痕迹。
而在外语习得的过程中，语言习得与文化习得就会有错移，一般来说，文化习得会慢于语言习得。
这是外语习得离开了文化母体所导致的必然结果。
所以，从文化上说，外语习得就是一种跨文化的语言习得。
在结构主义语言学的影响下，人们把语言看成是语言要素(语音、词汇、语法、语句、语篇)按照某种结构而形成的符号系统，仿佛它是独立自在的意义系统。
而随着语言学的发展，人们逐渐认识到语言的意义生成离不开它的社会文化语境。
下文我们简要从语言基本要素语音、语法、词汇、语篇、语用等角度来分析探讨语言与文化之间的内在关联。
1.语音。
相对来说语音与文化的关联度较弱，但不同地域、人群特征仍然会从语音上体现出来。
比如，中国南方口音与北方口音的差异，有时，我们听到某种口音就会联想到某些文化特质。
大学英语跨文化交际chapter 1 Culture
1. Defining Culture from the Anthropological Perspective
“Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the di, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.
INTEGRATED
1. Culture Is Learned
Activity: Group Work H a ve yo u l e a r n e d cul tu r e through the above channels? Discuss with your group members and give examples of your own experiences of learning culture.
DEFINITIONS OF ‘CULTURE’
1. Defining Culture from the Anthropological Perspective 2. Defining Culture from the Psychological Perspective 3. Defining Culture from the Sociological Perspective 4. Defining Culture from the Intercultural Perspective 5. Our Definition of Culture
跨文化交际大学英语教材
跨文化交际大学英语教材Introduction:Nowadays, with the increasing globalization and internationalization, the importance of cross-cultural communication skills in English language learning cannot be overstated. In order to overcome cultural differences and effectively communicate in diverse settings, it is crucial for students to have access to a comprehensive and well-designed cross-cultural communication textbook in their university English curriculum. This article will explore the key components and features that should be included in a cross-cultural communication university English textbook.Section 1: Understanding Cultural DifferencesIn this section, the textbook should provide a solid foundation for students to comprehend the concept of cross-cultural communication and the significance of cultural differences. It should cover topics such as cultural dimensions, values, and norms, as well as the impact of culture on communication styles and practices. Additionally, this section should incorporate real-life examples and case studies to help students gain a deeper understanding of different cultural perspectives.Section 2: Effective Verbal CommunicationVerbal communication plays a crucial role in cross-cultural interactions. The textbook should focus on enhancing students' communication skills by providing practical tips on how to navigate through various language barriers and cultural nuances. It should cover areas such as vocabulary andidiomatic expressions, pronunciation and intonation, as well as strategies for effective listening and speaking in different cultural contexts.Section 3: Nonverbal Communication and Body LanguageNonverbal communication often conveys more meaning than words alone. Thus, the textbook should dedicate a section to teach students about the importance of nonverbal cues and body language in cross-cultural communication. It should explore cultural differences in gestures, facial expressions, personal space, and eye contact. Additionally, the textbook should provide exercises and interactive activities to help students better grasp the subtleties of nonverbal communication.Section 4: Intercultural Competence in Written CommunicationWritten communication is essential in many academic and professional contexts. Therefore, the textbook should provide guidance on how to navigate cultural differences in written communication effectively. It should cover areas such as cross-cultural business writing, academic writing in an intercultural setting, and email etiquette in different cultural contexts. The textbook should also include sample writing tasks and assignments to allow students to practice their skills.Section 5: Culture-Specific Topics and ScenariosTo further enhance students' understanding of cross-cultural communication, the textbook should include various culture-specific topics and scenarios. It should cover areas such as business communication, intercultural negotiations, social etiquette, and cultural taboos. By including real-life examples and case studies from different countries and cultures,students can gain practical insights into how to navigate complex cultural situations.Conclusion:In conclusion, a well-designed cross-cultural communication university English textbook should encompass a comprehensive framework that covers the understanding of cultural differences, effective verbal and nonverbal communication, intercultural competence in written communication, and culture-specific topics. By incorporating interactive activities, real-life examples, and practical exercises, such a textbook will provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge to communicate effectively and confidently in diverse cultural settings.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
High-Context Culture
“A high context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message.
大学英语 跨文化交际
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
黑龙江大学外语部
Quotation
• Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart.
Lead-in Case:
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Marriage and Social status
Please read case and then discuss the questions in pairs.
Text A
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Social Practices
Social practices are the predictable behavior patterns that members of a culture typically follow. Thus, social practices are the outward manifestations of beliefs, values, and norms.
Defining Cultural Patterns
Text B
Chapterponents of Cultural Patterns
Beliefs
Cultural Patterns Social Practices
Values
Norms
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Values
Values involve what a culture regards as good or bad, right or wrong, fair or unfair, just or unjust, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, valuable or worthless, appropriate or inappropriate, and kind or cruel.
Definition
Components
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientation
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability
Ways of Thinking
Beliefs Values
High-context
Beliefs
A belief is an idea that people assume to be true about the world.
For example:
1) a widely shared belief dates back to the time when Europeans believed that the earth was flat 2) a belief for many European Americans is that in “reality” there is a separation between the physical and spiritual worlds.
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Norms
Norms are the socially shared expectations of appropriate behaviors. Norms may change over a period of time, whereas beliefs and values tend to be much more enduring.
Text C
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Edward T. Hall’s Context-Culture Theory
1. The definition of context: “the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of the event.” 2. Categorization of high-context culture and low-context culture depending on the degree to which meaning comes from the settings or from the words being exchanged.
Human Nature Person-Nature Time
Individualism and Collectivism Uncertainty Avoidance Power distance
Ways of Acting Norms Social Practices
Low-context
Activity Relational Masculinity – Femininity
— Confucius
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Learning Objectives
Chapter 7 Cultural Patterns
Chapter Outline
Cultural Patterns
Edward T Hall’s Context Culture Theory