国际医学教育标准共47页
医疗行业基本知识培训课件(PPT 48页)【49页】

(七)村卫生室(所);
(八)急救中心、急救站;
(九)临床检验中心;
(十)专科疾病防治院、专科疾病防治所、专科疾病防治站;
(十一)护理院、护理站;
(十二)其他诊疗机构。
2010年我国卫生事业发展统计公报.doc
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医院的范畴
(一)按卫生部现行统计序列
卫生机构(十七类)
医疗机构(七类)
医疗、康复、保健综合服务的基层医院,相当于乡 (镇)、街道卫生院及中、小城市的区医院。
# 二级医院:是向多个社区提供多种综合医疗卫 生服务和执行一定教学、科研任务的地区性医院,相 当县、市级医院。
# 三级医院:是向几个地区提供高水平专科性医 疗卫生服务和执行高等教学、科研任务的医院,相当 于省级医院和医学院校所属附属医院,部分市的中心 医院。
①综合医院
医院(五类)
②中医医院
③中西医结合医院
④民族医院 ⑤专科医院(二十类)
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卫生机构(十七类):
1、医院
2、疗养院
3、社区卫生服务中心 4、卫生院
5、门诊部 6、诊所、卫生所、医务室、护理站
7、急救中心
8、采供血机构
9、妇幼保健院(所、站)
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10、专科疾病防治院(所、站)
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医院(五类):
1、综合医院 2、中医医院 3、中西医结合医院 4、民族医院 5、专科医院
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专科医院(二十类):
1、口腔医院
8、妇产(科)医院
2、眼科医院
9、儿童医院
3、耳鼻咽喉科医院 10、精神病医院
初级卫生保健健康促进与教育

(一)目标提出的背景
1. 世界卫生状况 2. 社会经济问题
3. 卫生保健服务体系发展状况 4、社会发展趋势
第26页/共134页
世 界 卫 生 组 织 于 1977 年 五 月 在 瑞 士 日 内 瓦 第 30届世界卫生大会决定,世界各国政府及世界 卫生组织在未来20年中的主要目标应该是“人 人享有卫生保健”。
• 1、死亡指标:总死亡率、性别年龄别死亡率、死因别死亡率、死因构成比、婴儿死亡率、新生儿死亡 率、孕产妇死亡率及期望寿命
• 2、残疾指标:残疾率、残疾原因构成率
第7页/共134页
• 3、疾病指标:发病率、患病率、病死率、生存率 • 4、营养状况指标:营养成分等 • 5、生长发育指标:身高、体重、血压、肺活量等 • 6、心理指标:人格、智力、情感等指标 • 7、行为指标:行为模式、生活方式、人际关系、个人地位及个人生活经历
第5页/共134页
• (三)健康测量的内容
• 1.从测量是否患病扩大到对测量患病结果:患病率—运动性、独立性、日 常生活性、社会完整性(WHO)
• 2.从对疾病的客观测量到主观测量 • 3.从对疾病的单维测量多维测量 • 4.从对健康的数量测量到质量测量
第6页/共134页
(四)健康教育中常用健康指标
第17页/共134页
六、健康心理及行为
• (一)健康心理 • 1、健康心理的研究角度 从病理学研究 从统计学研究 从社会学研究 从文化学研究
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2、健康心理的标准
有充分的适应能力; 充分了解自己,包括能力、优、缺点等。 有切合实际的生活目标; 与现实保持接触; 保持人格的完整和谐; 能从经验中学习; 能保持良好的人际关系; 适度的情绪发泄与控制; 有 限 度 的 发 挥 个 性 ;第19页/共134页
本科医学教育标准(含临床医学、药学、中医学等)

本科医学教育标准的制定和实施对于培养高素质的医学人才具有重要意义。
医学教育标准的制定应当充分考虑国家医学发展的需求,吸取国际医学教育先进经验,结合国内教育实际,确保医学教育的质量和水平不断提高。
本文将以本科医学教育标准为主题,探讨其内容、意义和实施路径。
一、医学教育标准的内容1. 临床医学教育标准:包括临床医学基本知识、临床技能培训、临床实习规范等内容。
具体包括解剖学、生理学、病理学、医学微生物学、药理学、诊断学、内科学、外科学、妇产科学、儿科学、眼科学、口腔医学等学科的教育标准。
2. 药学教育标准:包括药物化学、药剂学、药理学、药理毒理学、药物分析学、临床药理学、药物制剂学、药物管理学等专业课程。
3. 中医学教育标准:包括中医基础理论、中医诊断学、中医内科学、中医外科学、中医妇科学、中医儿科学、针灸学、中药学等内容。
二、医学教育标准的意义1. 提高医学人才培养质量:医学教育标准的制定可以规范医学教育的内容和要求,确保学生接受到全面、系统的医学知识和技能培训,从而培养出更加优秀的医学人才。
2. 促进医学教育国际化:依据国际医学教育标准制定本科医学教育标准,可以提高我国医学教育的国际竞争力,吸引更多国际学生来华学习医学知识。
3. 促进医学教育科研创新:医学教育标准的制定将有利于促进医学教育的科研创新,提高医学教育的教学水平和教学手段,推动医学教育与时俱进。
三、医学教育标准的实施路径1. 加强标准制定机构建设:设立专门的医学教育标准制定机构,由医学教育、医学研究、临床实践等领域的专家学者组成,依据国家医学发展需求制定医学教育标准。
2. 完善设施和条件:投入大量教育资源,提升教育设施和条件,保障医学教育的顺利实施。
3. 加强教师队伍建设:培养高水平的医学教育师资队伍,提升医学教育的教学质量和水平。
4. 强化学生实践能力培养:加强对学生的临床实习和实践教学,培养学生的实际操作能力和临床思维能力。
总结:医学教育标准的制定和实施对培养高素质的医学人才具有重要意义,需要全社会的共同努力和支持。
【临床医学】15胎姿势胎产式共47页文档

•
29、在一切能够接受法律支配的人类 的状态 中,哪 里没有 法律, 那里就 没有自 由。— —洛克
•
30、风俗可以造就法律,也可以废除 法律。 ——塞·约翰逊
31、只有永远躺在泥坑里的人,才不会再掉进坑里。——黑格尔 32、希望的灯一旦熄灭,生活刹那间变成了一片黑暗。——普列姆昌德 33、希望是人生的乳母。——科策布 34、形成天才的决定因素应该是勤奋。——郭沫若 35、学到很多东西的诀窍,就是一下子不要学很多。——洛克
【临床医学】15胎姿势胎产式
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26、我们像鹰一样,生来就是自由的 ,但是 为了生 存,我 们不得 不为自 己编织 一个笼 子,然 后把自 己关在 里面。 ——博 莱索
•
27、法律如果不讲道理,即使延续时 间再长 ,也还 是没有 制约力 的。— —爱·科 克
•
28、好法律是由坏风俗创造出来的。 ——马 克罗维 乌斯
护士人文修养复习题PPT

动的过程之中。美好的情操、良好的气 质、端庄的仪表、 严谨的作风和精湛的
技术,使人们感受 到真、善、美。
第十八页,共47页。
• (5)简述护士的情操美 ?
1、要求护士养成良好的行为规范:保持慎独精神,在无 人监控、无人过问的情况下,仍能独善其身,自觉地使 自己的言行符合职业道德规范和患者的利益。
助于医学社会学、医学伦理学等医学人文学科来解决。
②.医学人文学为医学人才的成长提供阶梯: 医学以人为服务对象,其职业属性决定了从医者 自身必须是人性丰满的人。否则,尊重人、理解 人、抚慰人、关爱人,都会因人文素质缺乏而化 为空谈。这种素质单靠学习专业知识是无法具备 的,必须同时从人文学科那里汲取营养。
结经验教训,提高思维水平 。
第九页,共47页。
• P82-84
• (5).具有时代精神的护理服务文化内容包括: • ①提供人性化护理服务、
• ②提供个性化护理服务、
• ③提供便捷化护理服务、
• ④提供知识化护理服务、 • ⑤提供标准化护理服务、
• ⑥提供延伸化护理服务、 • ⑦提供温馨化护理服务、
(23).护理书面语言沟通的原则是( D )
A.实用性 B.伦理性 C.简单性 D.规范性
(24).人际沟通与人际关系的关系式( C ) A.目的和结果 B.基础条件
C.研究不同的侧重点
D.形式程序
第三十四页,共47页。
第六章:人际沟通的内容(164-193)
(25).交谈过程不包括( B ) A.启动阶段
• (4)护理临床思维:P232
是护士在充分收集与疾病相关的感性资 料的基础上,运用各种思维方式与方法,
在对所获取的资料进行分析判断、概括 推理、验证补充、修改完善的基础上, 对患者的健康问题进行评估、诊断、 护理、预防的思维过程或思维活动。
ICS分类号(国际标准分类法).pdf

International Classification for Standards (ICS)编码英文名称中文名称01GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION综合、术语学、标准化、文献01.020Terminology (principles and coordination)术语学(原则和协调配合)01.040Vocabularies词汇01.040.01Generalities. Terminology. Standardization. Documentation (Vocabularies)综合、术语学、标准化、文献 (词汇)社会学、服务、公司(企业)的组织与管理、行政、运输 (词汇)01.040.03Sociology. Services. Company organization and management. Administration. Transport(Vocabularies)01.040.07Mathematics. Natural sciences (Vocabularies)数学、自然科学 (词汇)01.040.11Health care technology (Vocabularies)医药卫生技术(词汇)01.040.13Environment and health protection. Safety (Vocabularies)环保、保健与安全 (词汇)01.040.17Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)计量学和测量、物理现象 (词汇)01.040.19Testing (Vocabularies)试验 (词汇)01.040.21Mechanical systems and components for general use (Vocabularies)机械系统和通用件 (词汇)01.040.23Fluid systems and components for general use (Vocabularies)流体系统和通用件 (词汇)01.040.25Manufacturing engineering (Vocabularies)机械制造 (词汇)01.040.27Energy and heat transfer engineering (Vocabularies)能源和热传导工程 (词汇)01.040.29Electrical engineering (Vocabularies)电气工程 (词汇)01.040.31Electronics (Vocabularies)电子学 (词汇)01.040.33Telecommunications. Audio and video engineering (Vocabularies)电信、音频和视频技术 (词汇)01.040.35Information technology. Office machines (Vocabularies)信息技术、办公机械设备 (词汇)01.040.37Image technology (Vocabularies)成像技术 (词汇)01.040.39Precision mechanics. Jewelry (Vocabularies)精密机械、珠宝 (词汇)01.040.43Road vehicle engineering (Vocabularies)道路车辆工程 (词汇)01.040.45Railway engineering (Vocabularies)铁路工程 (词汇)01.040.47Shipbuilding and marine structures (Vocabularies)造船和海上建筑物 (词汇)01.040.49Aircraft and space vehicle engineering (Vocabularies)航空器和航天器技术 (词汇)01.040.53Materials handling equipment (Vocabularies)材料储运设备 (词汇)01.040.55Packaging and distribution of goods (Vocabularies)货物的包装和调运 (词汇)01.040.59Textile and leather technology (Vocabularies)纺织和皮革技术 (词汇)01.040.61Clothing industry (Vocabularies)服装工业 (词汇)01.040.65Agriculture (Vocabularies)农业 (词汇)01.040.67Food technology (Vocabularies)食品技术 (词汇)01.040.71Chemical technology (Vocabularies)化工技术 (词汇)01.040.73Mining and minerals (Vocabularies)采矿和矿产品 (词汇)01.040.75Petroleum and related technologies (Vocabularies)石油及有关技术 (词汇)01.040.77Metallurgy (Vocabularies)冶金 (词汇)01.040.79Wood technology (Vocabularies)木材加工(词汇)01.040.81Glass and ceramics industries (Vocabularies)玻璃和陶瓷工业 (词汇)01.040.83Rubber and plastics industries (Vocabularies)橡胶和塑料工业 (词汇)01.040.85Paper technology (Vocabularies)造纸技术 (词汇)01.040.87Paint and colour industries (Vocabularies)涂料和颜料工业 (词汇)01.040.91Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)建筑材料和建筑物 (词汇)01.040.93Civil engineering (Vocabularies)土木工程 (词汇)01.040.95Military engineering (Vocabularies)军事工程 (词汇)01.040.97Domestic and commercial equipment. Entertainment. Sport (Vocabularies)家用和商用设备、体育、文娱 (词汇)01.060Quantities and units量和单位01.070Colour coding颜色编码01.075Character symbols字符符号01.080Graphical symbols图形符号01.080.01Graphical symbols in general图形符号综合01.080.10Public information symbols公共信息符号01.080.20Graphical symbols for use on specific equipment专用设备用图形符号01.080.30Graphical symbols for use on mechanical engineering and construction drawings, diagrams, plans, maps and in relevant technical product documentation 机械工程和建筑制图、图表、设计图、地图和相关的技术产品文件用图形符号01.080.40Graphical symbols for use on electrical and electronics engineering drawings, diagrams,电气工程和电子工程制图、示意图、图表和相关技术产品文件用图形符号charts and in relevant technical product documentation信息技术和电信技术制图与相关技术产品文件用图形符号01.080.50Graphical symbols for use on information technology and telecommunications technicaldrawings and in relevant technical product documentation01.080.99Other graphical symbols其他图形符号01.100Technical drawings技术制图01.100.01Technical drawings in general技术制图综合01.100.20Mechanical engineering drawings机械工程制图01.100.25Electrical and electronics engineering drawings电气和电子工程制图01.100.27Technical drawings for telecommunications and information technology fields信息技术和电信领域用技术制图01.100.30Construction drawings工程建设制图01.100.40Drawing equipment制图设备01.100.99Other standards related to technical drawings其他制图标准01.110Technical product documentation技术产品文件01.120Standardization. General rules标准化总则01.140Information sciences. Publishing信息学、出版01.140.10Writing and transliteration文字字体与文字转写01.140.20Information sciences信息学01.140.30Documents in administration, commerce and industry行政管理、商业和工业文件01.140.40Publishing出版社会学、 服务、公司(企业)的组织和管理、行政、运输03SOCIOLOGY. SERVICES. COMPANY ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT.ADMINISTRATION. TRANSPORT03.020Sociology. Demography社会学、人口统计学03.040Labour. Employment劳动、就业03.060Finances. Banking. Monetary systems. Insurance金融、银行、货币体系、保险03.080Services服务03.080.01Services in general服务综合03.080.10Industrial services工业服务03.080.20Services for companies公司(企业)的服务03.080.30Services for consumers消费者服务03.080.99Other services其他服务03.100Company organization and management公司(企业)的组织与管理03.100.01Company organization and management in general公司(企业)的组织与管理综合03.100.10Purchasing. Procurement. Management of stock订购、收购、仓库管理03.100.20Trade. Commercial function. Marketing贸易、商业活动、市场营销03.100.30Management of human resources劳动资源管理03.100.40Research and development研究与开发03.100.50Production. Production management生产、生产管理03.100.60Accountancy会计03.100.99Other standards related to company organization and management有关公司(企业)组织管理的其他标准03.120Quality质量03.120.01Quality in general质量综合03.120.10Quality management and quality assurance质量管理和质量保证03.120.20Product and company certification. Conformity assessment产品认证和机构认证、合格评定03.120.30Application of statistical methods统计方法的应用03.120.99Other standards related to quality有关质量的其他标准03.140Patents. Intellectual property专利、知识产权03.160Law. Administration法律、行政管理03.180Education教育03.200Leisure. Tourism娱乐、旅游03.220Transport运输03.220.01Transport in general运输综合03.220.20Road transport道路运输03.220.30Transport by rail铁路运输03.220.40Transport by water水路运输03.220.50Air transport航空运输03.220.99Other forms of transport其他运输形式03.240Postal services邮政服务07MATHEMATICS. NATURAL SCIENCES数学、自然科学07.020Mathematics数学07.030Physics. Chemistry物理学、化学07.040Astronomy. Geodesy. Geography天文学、大地测量学、地理学07.060Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology地质学、气象学、水文学07.080Biology. Botany. Zoology生物学、植物学、动物学07.100Microbiology微生物学07.100.01Microbiology in general微生物学综合07.100.10Medical microbiology医学微生物学07.100.20Microbiology of water水微生物学07.100.30Food microbiology食品微生物学07.100.99Other standards related to microbiology有关微生物学的其他标准11HEALTH CARE TECHNOLOGY医药卫生技术11.020Medical Sciences and health care facilities in general医学科学和保健装置综合11.040Medical equipment医疗设备11.040.01Medical equipment in general医疗设备综合11.040.10Anaesthetic, respiratory and reanimation equipment麻醉、呼吸和复苏设备11.040.20Transfusion, infusion and injection equipment输血、输液和注射设备11.040.30Surgical instruments and materials外科器械和材料11.040.40Implants for surgery, prosthetics and orthotics外科植入物、假体和矫形11.040.50Radiographic equipment射线照相设备11.040.55Diagnostic equipment诊断设备11.040.60Therapy equipment治疗设备11.040.70Ophthalmic equipment眼科设备11.040.99Other medical equipment其他医疗设备11.060Dentistry牙科11.060.01Dentistry in general牙科综合11.060.10Dental materials牙科材料11.060.20Dental equipment牙科设备11.080Sterilization and disinfection消毒和灭菌11.080.01Sterilization and disinfection in general消毒和灭菌综合11.080.10Sterilizing equipment消毒设备11.080.20Disinfectants and antiseptics消毒剂和防腐剂11.080.30sterilized packaging封装消毒11.080.99Other standards related to sterilization and disinfection有关消毒和灭菌的其他标准11.100Laboratory medicine实验室医学11.120Pharmaceutics制药学11.120.01Pharmaceutics in general制药学综合11.120.10Medicaments药物11.120.20Medical materials医用材料11.120.99Other standards related to pharmaceutics有关制药学的其他标准11.140Hospital equipment医院设备11.160First aid急救11.180Aids for disabled or handicapped persons残疾人用设备11.200Birth control. Mechanical contraceptives人口控制、避孕器具11.220Veterinary medicine兽医学13ENVIRONMENT. HEALTH PROTECTION. SAFETY环保、保健与安全13.020Environmental protection环境保护13.020.01Environment and environmental protection in general环境和环境保护综合13.020.10Environmental management环境管理13.020.20Environmental economics环境经济13.020.30Environmental impact assessment环境影响评定13.020.40Pollution, pollution control and conservation污染、污染控制和保护13.020.50Ecolabelling环境分类13.020.60Product life-cycles产品寿命周期13.020.70Environmental projects环境规划13.020.99Other standards related to environmental protection有关环境的其他标准13.030Wastes废物13.030.01Wastes in general废物综合13.030.10Solid wastes固态废物13.030.20Liquid wastes. Sludge液态废物、污水13.030.30Special wastes特殊废物13.030.40Installations and equipment for waste disposal and treatment废物处置和处理设备与装置13.030.50Recycling回收13.030.99Other standards related to wastes有关废物的其他标准13.040Air quality空气质量13.040.01Air quality in general空气质量综合13.040.20Ambient atmospheres环境空气13.040.30Workplace atmospheres工作场所空气13.040.40Stationary source emissions固定源排放限值13.040.50Transport exhaust emissions移动源排放限值13.040.99Other standards related to air quality有关空气质量的其他标准13.060Water quality水质13.060.01Water quality in general水质综合13.060.10Water of natural resources天然水资源13.060.20Drinking water饮用水13.060.25Water for industrial use工业用水13.060.30Sewage water污水13.060.50Examination of water for chemical substances水的化学物质检验13.060.60Examination of physical properties of water水的物理性质检验13.060.70Examination of biological properties of water水的生物性质检验13.060.99Other standards related to water quality有关水质的其他标准13.080Soil quality. Pedology土质、土壤学13.080.01Soil quality and pedology in general土质和土壤学综合13.080.10Chemical characteristics of soils土壤的化学特性13.080.20Physical properties of soils土壤的物理性质13.080.30Biological properties of soils土壤的生物性质13.080.40Hydrological properties of soils土壤的水文性质13.080.99Other standards related to soils quality有关土质的其他标准13.100Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene职业安全、工业卫生13.110Safety of machinery机械安全13.120Domestic safety家用品安全13.140Noise with respect to human beings噪声(与人有关的)13.160Vibration and shock with respect to human beings振动和冲击(与人有关的)13.180Ergonomics人类工效学13.200Accident and disaster control事故和灾害控制13.220Protection against fire消防13.220.01Protection against fire in general消防综合13.220.10Fire-fighting灭火13.220.20Fire-protection防火13.220.40Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products材料和制品的阻燃性和燃烧性能13.220.50Fire-resistance of building materials and elements建筑材料和构件的阻燃性13.220.99Other standards related to protection against fire有关消防的其他标准13.230Explosion protection防爆13.240Protection against excessive pressure超压防护13.260Protection against electric shock电击防护13.280Radiation protection辐射防护13.300Protection against dangerous goods危险品防护13.310Protection against crime犯罪行为防范13.320Alarm and warning systems预警和报警系统13.340Protective equipment防护设备13.340.01Protective equipment in general防护设备综合13.340.10Protective clothing防护服装13.340.20Head protective equipment头部防护设备13.340.30Respiratory protective devices呼吸保护装置13.340.40Protective gloves防护手套13.340.50Protective footwear防护鞋袜13.340.99Other protective equipment其他防护设备17METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENT. PHYSICAL PHENOMENA计量学和测量、物理现象17.020Metrology and measurement in general计量学和测量综合17.040Linear and angular measurements长度和角度测量17.040.01Linear and angular measurements in general长度和角度测量综合17.040.10Limits and fits公差与配合17.040.20Properties of surfaces表面特征17.040.30Measuring instruments测量仪器仪表17.040.99Other standards related to linear and angular measurements有关长度和角度测量的其他标准17.060Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity体积、质量、密度和粘度的测量17.080Measurement of time, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity时间、速度、加速度、角速度的测量17.100Measurement of force, weight and pressure力、重力和压力的测量17.120Measurement of fluid flow流体流量的测量17.120.01Measurement of fluid flow in general流体流量的测量综合17.120.10Flow in closed conduits封闭管道中流量的测量17.120.20Flow in open channels明渠中流量的测量17.140Acoustics and acoustic measurements声学和声学测量17.140.01Acoustics measurements and noise abatement in general声学测量和噪声抑制综合17.140.20Noise emitted by machines and equipment机器和设备的噪声17.140.30Noise emitted by means of transport运输工具的噪声17.140.50Electroacoustics电声学17.140.99Other standards related to acoustics有关声学的其他标准17.160Vibrations, shock and vibration measurements振动、冲击和振动测量17.180Optics and optical measurements光学和光学测量17.180.01Optics and optical measurements in general光学和光学测量综合17.180.20Colours and measurement of light颜色和光的测量17.180.30Optical measuring instruments光学测量仪器17.180.99Other standards related to optics and optical measurements有关光学和光学测量的其他标准17.200Thermodynamics and temperature measurements热力学和温度测量17.200.01Thermodynamics in general热力学综合17.200.10Heat. Calorimetry热、量热学17.200.20Temperature-measuring instruments温度测量仪器仪表17.200.99Other standards related to thermodynamics有关热力学的其他标准17.220Electricity. Magnetism. Electrical and magnetic measurements电学、磁学、电和磁的测量17.220.01Electricity. Magnetism. General aspects电学、磁学一般特性17.220.20Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities电和磁量值的测量17.220.99Other standards related to electricity and magnetism有关电学和磁学的其他标准17.240Radiation measurements辐射测量19TESTING试验19.020Test conditions and procedures in general试验条件和规程综合19.040Environmental testing环境试验19.060Mechanical testing机械试验19.080Electrical and electronic testing电工和电子试验19.100Non-destructive testing无损检测19.120Particle size analysis. sieving粒度分析、筛分21MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR GENERAL USE机械系统和通用件21.020Characteristics and design of machines, apparatus, equipment机器、装置、设备的特性和设计21.040Screw threads螺纹21.040.01Screw threads in general螺纹综合21.040.10Metric screw threads米制螺纹21.040.20Inch screw threads英制螺纹21.040.30Special screw threads特殊螺纹21.060Fasteners紧固件21.060.01Fasteners in general紧固件综合21.060.10Bolts, screws, studs螺栓、螺钉、螺柱21.060.20Nuts螺母21.060.30Washers, locking elements垫圈、锁紧件21.060.40Rivets铆钉21.060.50Pins, nails销、钉21.060.60Rings, bushes, sleeves, collars环、套管、管接头、承插21.060.70Clamps and staples卡箍和U形环21.060.99Other fasteners其他紧固件21.080Hinges, eyelets and other articulated joints铰链、孔眼和其他关节连接件21.100Bearings轴承21.100.01Bearings in general轴承综合21.100.10Plain bearings滑动轴承21.100.20Rolling bearings滚动轴承21.120Shafts and couplings轴和联轴器21.120.01Shafts and couplings in general轴和联轴器综合21.120.10Shafts轴21.120.20Couplings联轴器、离合器、磨擦器21.120.30Keys and keyways, splines键和键槽、花键21.120.40Balancing and balancing machines平衡和平衡机21.120.99Other standards related to shafts and couplings有关轴和联轴器的其他标准21.140Seals, glands密封件、密封装置21.160Springs弹簧21.180Housings, enclosures, other machine parts机箱、外壳、其他机械部件21.200Gears齿轮及齿轮传动21.220Flexible drives and transmissions挠性传动和传送21.220.01Flexible drives and transmissions in general挠性传动和传送综合21.220.10Belt drives and their components带传动及其零件21.220.20Cable or rope drives and their components缆索或绳索传动及其零件21.220.30Chain drives and their components链传动及其零件21.220.99Other flexible drives and transmissions其它挠性传动和传送21.240Rotary-reciprocating mechanisms and their parts旋转-往复式机构及其部件21.260Lubrication systems润滑系统23FLUID SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS FOR GENERAL USE流体系统和通用件23.020Fluid storage devices流体存储装置23.020.01Fluid storage devices in general流体存储装置综合23.020.10Stationary containers and tanks固定容器和罐23.020.20Vessels and containers mounted on vehicles车载槽罐和容器23.020.30Pressure vessels, gas cylinders压力容器、气瓶23.020.40Cryogenic vessels低温容器23.020.99Other fluid storage devices其他流体存储装置23.040Pipeline components and pipelines管道部件和管道23.040.01Pipeline components and pipelines in general管道部件和管道综合23.040.10Iron and steel pipes铁管和钢管23.040.15Non-ferrous metal pipes有色金属管23.040.20Plastics pipes塑料管23.040.40Metal fittings金属配件23.040.45Plastics fittings塑料配件23.040.50Pipes and fittings of other materials其他材料的管和配件23.040.60Flanges, couplings and joints法兰、管接头及其连接件23.040.70Hoses and hose assemblies软管和软管组件23.040.80Seals for pipe and hose assemblies管和软管组件的密封23.040.99Other pipeline components其他管道部件23.060Valves阀门23.060.01Valves in general阀门综合23.060.10Globe valves球阀23.060.20Ball and plug valves球闸阀和旋塞阀23.060.30Gate valves闸阀23.060.40Pressure regulators压力调节器23.060.50Check valves止回阀23.060.99Other valves其他阀门23.080Pumps泵23.100Fluid power systems流体动力系统23.100.01Fluid power systems in general流体动力系统综合23.100.10Pumps and motors泵和马达23.100.20Cylinders缸23.100.40Piping and couplings管道和管接头23.100.50Control components控制部件23.100.60Filters, seals and contamination of fluids过滤器、密封垫和流体杂质23.100.99Other fluid power system components其他流体系统部件23.120Ventilators. Fans. Air-conditioners通风机、风扇、空调器23.140Compressors and pneumatic machines压缩机和气动机械23.160Vacuum technology真空技术25MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING机械制造25.020Manufacturing forming processes制造成型过程25.040Industrial automation systems工业自动化系统25.040.01Industrial automation systems in general工业自动化系统综合25.040.10Machining centres机械加工中心25.040.20Numerically controlled machines数控机床25.040.30Industrial robots. Manipulators工业机器人、机械手25.040.40Industrial process measurement and control工业过程的测量与控制25.040.99Other industrial automation systems其他工业自动化系统25.060Machine tool systems机床装置25.060.01Machine tool systems in general机床装置综合25.060.10Modular units and other devices组合单元和其他装置25.060.20Dividing and tool-workpiece holding devices分度和刀具/工件夹持装置25.060.99Other machine tool systems其他机床装置25.080Machine tools机床25.080.01Machine tools in general机床综合25.080.10Lathes车床25.080.20Boring and milling machines镗床和铣床25.080.25Planing machines刨床25.080.30Broaching machines拉床25.080.40Drilling machines钻床25.080.50Grinding and polishing machines磨床和抛光机25.080.60Sawing machines锯床25.080.99Other machine tools其他机床25.100Cutting tools切削工具25.100.01Cutting tools in general切削工具综合25.100.10Turning tools车刀25.100.20Milling tools铣刀25.100.25Tools for planing and broaching machines刨床、拉床用刀具25.100.30Drills, countersinks, reamers钻头、锪钻、铰刀25.100.40Saws锯25.100.50Taps and threading dies丝锥和板牙25.100.60Files锉刀25.100.70Abrasives磨料磨具25.100.99Other cutting tools其他切削刀具25.120Chipless working equipment无屑加工设备25.120.01Chipless working equipment in general无屑加工设备综合25.120.10Forging equipment. Presses. Shears锻压设备、冲压机、剪切机25.120.20Rolling, extruding and drawing equipment轧制、挤压和拉制设备25.120.30Moulding equipment模制设备和铸造设备25.120.40Electrochemical machines电化学加工机床25.120.99Other chipless working equipment其他无屑加工设备25.140Hand-held tools手持工具25.140.01Hand-held tools in general手持工具综合25.140.10Pneumatic tools气动工具25.140.20Electric tools电动工具25.140.30Hand-operated tools手动工具25.140.99Other hand-held tools其他手持工具25.160Welding, brazing and soldering焊接、钎焊和低温焊25.160.01Welding, brazing and soldering in general焊接、钎焊和低温焊综合25.160.10Welding processes焊接工艺25.160.20Welding consumables焊接消耗品25.160.30Welding equipment焊接设备25.160.40Welded joints焊接接头25.160.50Brazing and soldering钎焊和低温焊25.180Industrial furnaces工业炉25.180.01Industrial furnaces in general工业炉综合25.180.10Electric furnaces电炉25.180.20Fuel furnaces燃油炉25.200Heat treatment and coating热处理25.220Surface treatment and coating表面处理和涂覆25.220.01Surface treatment and coating in general表面处理和涂覆综合25.220.10Surface preparation表面预处理25.220.20Surface treatment表面处理25.220.40Metallic coatings金属镀层25.220.50Enamels搪瓷25.220.60Organic coatings有机涂层25.220.99Other treatments and coatings其他处理和涂覆27ENERGY AND HEAT TRANSFER ENGINEERING能源和热传导工程27.010Energy and heat transfer engineering in general能源和热传导工程综合27.020Internal combustion engines内燃机27.040Gas and steam turbines, Steam engines燃气和蒸汽轮机、蒸汽机27.060Burners. Boilers燃烧器、锅炉27.060.01Burners and Boilers in general燃烧器、锅炉综合27.060.10Liquid and solid fuel burners液体和固体燃料燃烧器27.060.20Gas fuel burners气体燃料燃烧器27.060.30Boilers and heat exchangers锅炉和热交换器27.070Fuel cells燃料电池27.080Heat pumps热泵27.100Power stations in general电站综合27.120Nuclear energy engineering核能工程27.120.01Nuclear energy in general核能综合27.120.10Reactor engineering反应堆工程27.120.20Nuclear power plants. Safety核电站、安全27.120.30Fissile materials裂变物质27.120.99Other standards related to nuclear energy有关核能的其他标准27.140Hydraulic energy engineering水力工程27.160Solar energy engineering太阳能工程27.180Wind turbine systems and other alternative sources of energy风力发电系统和其他能源27.200Refrigerating technology制冷技术27.220Heat recovery. Thermal insulation热回收、绝热29ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING电气工程29.020Electrical engineering in general电气工程综合29.030Magnetic materials磁性材料29.035Insulating materials绝缘材料29.035.01Insulating materials in general绝缘材料综合29.035.10Paper and board insulating materials纸和纸板绝缘材料29.035.20Plastics and rubber insulating materials塑料和橡胶绝缘材料29.035.30Ceramic and glass insulating materials陶瓷和玻璃绝缘材料29.035.50Mica based materials云母基材料29.035.60Varnished fabrics涂层织物29.035.99Other insulating materials其他绝缘材料29.040Insulating fluids绝缘流体29.040.01Insulating fluids in general绝缘流体综合29.040.10Insulating oils绝缘油29.040.20Insulating gases绝缘气体29.040.99Other insulating fluids其他绝缘流体29.045Semiconducting materials半导体材料29.050Conducting materials导体材料29.060Electrical wires and cables电线和电缆29.060.01Electrical wires and cables in general电线和电缆综合29.060.10Wires电线29.060.20Cables电缆29.080Insulation绝缘29.080.01Electrical insulation in general电绝缘综合29.080.10Insulators绝缘子29.080.20Bushings套管29.080.30Insulation systems绝缘系统29.080.99Other standards related to insulation有关绝缘的其他标准29.100Components for electrical equipment电工设备元件29.100.01Components for electrical equipment in general电工设备元件综合29.100.10Magnetic components磁性元件29.100.20Electrical and electromechanical components电工和机电元件29.100.99Other components for electrical equipment电工设备用其他元件29.120Electrical accessories电工器件29.120.01Electrical accessories in general电工器件综合29.120.10Conduits for electrical purposes导线管29.120.20Connecting devices连接装置29.120.30Plugs, socket-outlets, couplers插头、插座、联接器29.120.40Switches开关29.120.50Fuses and other overcurrent protection devices熔断器和其他过载保护装置29.120.70Relays继电器29.120.99Other electrical accessories其他电工器件29.130.01Switchgear and controlgear in general开关装置和控制器综合29.130.10High voltage switchgear and controlgear高压开关装置和控制器29.130.20Low voltage switchgear and controlgear低压开关装置和控制器29.130.99Other switchgear and controlgear其他开关装置和控制器29.140Lamps and related equipment电灯及有关装置29.140.01Lamps in general电灯综合29.140.10Lamp caps and holders灯头和灯座29.140.20Incandescent lamps白炽灯29.140.30Fluorescent lamps. Discharge lamps荧光灯、放电灯29.140.40Luminaires照明设备29.140.50Lighting installation systems照明安装系统29.140.99Other standards related to lamps有关灯的其他标准29.160Rotating machinery旋转电机29.160.01Rotating machinery in general旋转电机综合29.160.10Components for rotating machines旋转电机部件29.160.20Generators发电机29.160.30Motors电动机29.160.40Generating sets发电机组29.160.99Other standards related to rotating machinery有关旋转电机的其他标准29.180Transformers. Reactors变压器、电抗器29.200Rectifiers. Convertors. Stabilized power supply整流器、转换器、稳压电源29.220Galvanic cells and batteries电池和蓄电池29.220.01Galvanic cells and batteries in general电池和蓄电池综合29.220.10Primary cells and batteries原电池和蓄电池29.220.20Acid secondary cells and batteries酸性副电池及蓄电池29.220.30Alkaline secondary cells and batteries碱性副电池及蓄电池29.220.99Other cells and batteries其他电池和蓄电池29.240Power transmission and distribution networks输电网和配电网29.240.01Power transmission and distribution networks in general输电网和配电网综合29.240.10Substations. Surge arresters变电站、电涌放电器29.240.20Power transmission and distribution lines输电线路和配电线路29.240.30Control equipment for electric power systems电力系统用控制设备29.240.99Other equipment related to power transmission and distribution networks其他有关输电网和配电网的设备29.260Electrical equipments for working in special conditions特殊工作条件用电气设备29.260.01Electrical equipments for working in special conditions in general特殊工作条件用电气设备综合29.260.10Electrical installations for outdoor use户外用电气设备29.260.20Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres易爆环境用电气设备29.260.99Other electrical equipment for working in special conditions特殊工作条件用其他电气设备29.280Electric traction equipment电力牵引设备31ELECTRONICS电子学31.020Electronic components in general电子元件综合31.040Resistors电阻器31.040.01Resistors in general电阻器综合31.040.10Fixed resistors固定电阻器31.040.20Protentiometer, variable resistors电位器、可变电阻器31.040.30Thermistors热敏电阻器31.040.99Other resistors其他电阻器31.060Capacitors电容器31.060.01Capacitors in general电容器综合31.060.10Fixed capacitors固定电容器31.060.20Ceramic and mica capacitors陶瓷电容器和云母电容器31.060.30Paper and plastics capacitors纸介电容器和塑料膜电容器31.060.40Tantalum electrolytic capacitors钽电解电容器31.060.50Aluminium electrolytic capacitors铝电解电容器31.060.60Variable capacitors可变电容器31.060.70Power capacitors电力电容器31.060.99Other capacitors其他电容器31.080Semiconductor devices半导体器件31.080.01Semiconductor devices in general半导体器件综合31.080.10Diodes二极管31.080.20Thyristors晶体闸流管31.080.30Transistors三极管31.080.99Other semiconductor devices其他半导体器件31.100Electronic tubes电子管31.120Electronic display devices电子显示器件31.140Piezoelectric and dielectric devices压电器件和介质器件31.160Electric filters滤波器31.180Printed circuits and boards印制电路和印制电路板31.190Electric component assemblies电子器件组件31.200Integrated circuits. Microelectronics集成电路、微电子学31.220Electromechanical components for electronic and telecommunications equipment电子电信设备用机电零部件31.220.01Electromechanical components in general机电零部件综合31.220.10Plug-and-socket devices. Connectors插头和插座装置、连接器31.220.20Switches开关31.220.99Other electromechanical components其他机电零部件31.240Mechanical structures for electronic equipment电子设备用机械构件31.260Optoelectronics. Laser equipment光电子学、激光设备33TELECOMMUNICATIONS. AUDIO AND VIDEO ENGINEERING电信、音频和视频技术33.020Telecommunications in general电信综合33.030Telecommunication services. Applications电信业务、应用33.040Telecommunication systems电信系统33.040.01Telecommunication systems in general电信系统综合33.040.20Transmission systems传输系统33.040.30Switching and signalling systems交换和信令系统33.040.35Telephone networks电话网络33.040.40Data communication networks数据通信网络33.040.50Lines, connections and circuits线路、连接和电路33.040.99Other equipment for telecommunication systems其他电话、电报和电信系统用设备33.050Telecommunication terminal equipment电信终端设备33.050.01Telecommunication terminal equipment in general电信终端设备综合33.050.10Telephone equipment电话设备33.050.20Paging equipment寻呼设备33.050.30Equipment for telex, teletext, telefax用户电报、可视图文、传真设备33.050.99Other telecommunication terminal equipment其他电信终端设备33.060Radiocommunications无线通信33.060.01Radiocommunications in general无线通信综合33.060.20Receiving and transmitting equipment接收和发射设备33.060.30Radio relay and fixed satellite communications systems无线中继和固定卫星通信系统33.060.40Cabled distribution systems电缆分配系统33.060.60Mobile services, Terrestrial Trunked Radio(TETRA)移动业务、地面无线中继线路33.060.65Mobile services, paging systems移动业务、寻呼系统33.060.70Mobile services, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications(DECT)移动业务、数字增强无绳电信系统(DECT)33.060.75Mobile services, Satellite移动业务、卫星33.060.80Mobile servies, Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)移动业务、移动通信用全球系统(GSM)33.060.99Other equipment for radiocommunications其他无线通信设备33.080Integrated Services Digital Network(ISDN)综合业务数字网(ISDN)33.100Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)电磁兼容性(EMC)33.100.01Electromagnetic compatibility in general电磁兼容性综合。
WST3672019医疗机构消毒技术规范47页word

目录1. 拼音2. 英文参考3. 前言4. 1 范围5. 2 规范性引用文件6. 3 术语和定义7. 4 管理要求8. 5 消毒、灭菌基本原则9. 6 清洗与清洁10. 7 常用消毒与灭菌方法11. 8 高度危险性物品的灭菌12. 9 中度危险性物品的消毒13. 10 低度危险性物品的消毒14. 11 朊病毒、气性坏疽和突发不明原因传染病的病原体污染物品和环境的消毒15. 12 皮肤与黏腰的消毒16. 13 地面和物体表面的清洁与消毒17. 14 清洁用品的消毒18. 附录A(规范性附录)清洁、消毒与灭菌的效果监测19. 附录B(资料性附录)消毒试验用试剂和培养基配方20. 附录C(规范性附录)常用消毒与灭菌方法21. 相关文献[返回]拼音WS/T 367-2019 yī liáo jī gòu xiāo dú jì shù guī fàn[返回]英文参考WS/T 367-2019 Regulation of disinfection technique in healthcare settingsICS 11.020C 05中华人民共和国卫生行业标准《医疗机构消毒技术规范》由中华人民共和国卫生部于2019年4月5日发布,自2019年8月1日起实施。
WS/T 367-2019 医疗机构消毒技术规范本标准按照GB/T 1.1-2009给出的规则起草。
根据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》制定本标准。
本标准由卫生部医院感染控制标准专业委员会提出。
本标准起草单位:北京大学第一医院、中国疾病预防控制中心、军事医学科学院疾病预防控制所、湖北省卫生厅卫生监督局、浙江省疾病预防控制中心、卫生部医院管理研究所、浙江大学医学院附属第二医院、上海瑞金医院、首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院、厦门大学附属第一医院。
本标准主要起草人:李六亿、张流波、姚楚水、陈顺兰、班海群、胡国庆、张宇、丁炎明、陆群、钱黎明、刘坤、邢淑霞、任伍爱、黄靖雄、贾会学、要慧、黄辉萍。
临床医学后循环缺血专家共识PPT学习教案

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3. 颈椎骨质增生不是后循环缺血的主要 原因
大量的临床研究则证明与老化有关的 颈椎骨质增生绝不是PCI的主要危 险因素。
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因为:
⑴PCI患者除有颈椎骨质增生外,更 有动脉粥样硬化,无法确定是骨赘 而非动脉粥样硬化致病。
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⑵后循环缺血的最主要机制是栓塞。
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⑶无论是临床表现或现有的影像学检查 (CT,TCD,MRI,SPECT或PET)都无 法可靠地界定“相对缺血状态”。
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⑷虽然头晕和眩晕是PCI的常见症状,但头 晕和眩晕的常见病因却并不是PCI。
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应加强宣教,正确认识PCI的危险因素,建立科学的预 防观。
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五.PCI几个重要认识(小结)
1. PCI包括后循环的TIA(即经典的VBI)和脑梗死。 2.PCI的主要病因与前循环缺血相同,颈椎病不是PCI
的主要病因。 3.头晕/眩晕是PCI的常见表现,多伴有其他表现,单
纯的头晕/眩晕极少是PCI。 4.转颈或体位变化后的头晕/眩晕的主要病因不是PCI。 5.对PCI的诊断检查、治疗和预防应与前循环缺血一
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The Dix-Hallpike Test
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CRP
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对所有疑为PCI的患者应进行神经影像学检 查,主要是MRI检查。DWI-MRI对急性病变 最有诊断价值。
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积极开展各种血管检查
如CT血管造影(CTA)、MRI血管造 影(MRA)和血管多普勒超声检查、 经颅多普勒超声(TCD) 、数字减 影血管造影(DSA)等,均有助于发 现和明确颅内外大血管病变。也可 发现椎动脉颅内第3段9页/共和47页基底动脉近段