(美国文学与文本的文学解读方法)：Appreciation of The cask of amontillado
6Appreciation_of_the_poems_of_the_20th_century_(大外)
Appreciation of the Writing—
The First Stanza
What does a snow-filled woods look like?
The Road not Taken
-- by Robert Frost
Literary Meaning of the Poem—
The First Stanza
point; place; branch paths
Literary Meaning of the Poem—
The Second Stanza
我的小马定是觉得离奇， 荒野中没有农舍可休息， 在林子和冰冻的湖之间， 在一年中最黑的夜里。
Chinese Version of the Poem
它把颈上的铃摇了一摇， 想问问该不是出了差错， 回答它的只有低声絮语—— 是风柔和地吹，是雪羽毛般地落。 林子真美，幽深，乌黑， 可是许诺的事还得去做。 还得走好多里才能安睡， 还得走好多里才能安睡。
Appreciation of the Implied Meaning
Universal Experience
life; travelling
come to; branch roads; life; make choices
many years; think of; miss; choices
Appreciation of the Implied Meaning
What Does This Fact Imply?
It implies that often we are not a hundred percent satisfied with the choices we have made. They often involes much dissatisfaction.
英美文学鉴赏论文英文版
Appreciation of pride and prejudice“It is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”. This is the first sentence in this book.It’s impressive and classical. The author’s next words are more interesting.”However litter known the feelings or views of such a man be on his first entering neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of th e surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. ”The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession. People always think that Austen was an expert at telling love stories. In fact, the marriage in her book is not the result of love, but the result of economic needs.The marriage between Darcy and Elizabeth reveals the characteristics which constitutes a successful marriage. Elizabeth,the second daughter of Mr Bonnet,is a smart、intelligent and active girl. One of these characteristics is that the feeling cannot be brought on by appearances, and must gradually develop between the two people as they get to know one another.There are five marriages in the book.However, unlike Darcy and Elizabeth, there is a flaw in Bingly and Jane’s relationsh ip. The flaw is that both characters are too gullible and too good-hearted to ever act strongly against external forces that may attempt to separate them.Obviously, Lydia and Wickham‘s marriage is an example of an bad marriage. Their marriage was based on appearances, good looks, and youthful vivacity. Once these qualities can no longer be seenby each other, the once strong relationship will slowly fade away.Although little is told of how Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennet got together, it can be inferred by their conversions that their relationship was similar to that of Lydia and Wickham.He is Jane Austen‘s example of a weak father. Austen shows that it is necessary to use good judgement to select a spouse, otherwise the two people will lose respect for each other The last example of a marriage is a of a different nature than the ones mentioned above. The marriage between Mr. Collins and Charlotte is based on economics rather than on love or appearance. It was a common practice during Austen‘s time for women to marry a husband to save herself from spinsterhood or to gain financial security.After reading this book, I can strongly feel that the author ridicule the universal phenomenon in Britain at that time that younger sons and daughters who are used to luxurious lives have no choice but marry a man or woman in possession of a large fortune to continue their comfortable lives.Thus, we can see that getting married is a way to become wealthier, particularly for women without many possessions. It’s ridiculous.We married for love but not for money.So we should pursue the true love based on freedom and equality.班级：财务102 个人主页穆格子。
英美文学赏析第一讲
MAJOR FORMS OF LITERATURE
By Concrete Genre
Prose is an inclusive term for all discourse, spoken or written, which is not patterned into the lines either of metric verse or of free verse.
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Plot: story line (s) of a fiction including all events and actions taking place in the fiction
Exposition Foreshadowing Rising action Conflict: Person vs. self; Person vs. person; Person vs. society;
Art is free because an artist has the freedom to imagine. Literature is considered as Art.
DEFINITION OF LITERATURE
Literature refers to pieces of work belonging to one of four major branches or genres:
◦ Fiction: short stories and novels . ◦ Non-Fiction: prose, biographies and autobiographies. ◦ Poetry: free verse, blank verse, sonnets, ballads, songs, etc. ◦ Drama: theatrical plays.
英美文学欣赏最新版教学课件美国文学Unit 7 O.Henry
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
作品简介
《麦琪的礼物》选自他的短篇小说集《四百万》（1906），是各种欧 ·亨利 短篇小说集的必选作品，被称为“或许是文学里最佳的通俗故事”。
小说描写一对贫苦青年夫妻互赠圣诞礼物的故事。两人生活窘迫，但相亲相 爱。妻子黛拉的长长秀发，是她一直引以为豪的、唯一珍贵的东西。丈 夫吉姆有一件家传的怀表， 非常值得夸耀，但是由于表带陈旧，吉姆不 愿意在人前展示。圣诞前夜，黛拉发现自己千方百计节省的积蓄只有1美 元87美分，伤心之后，她来到理发店，将秀发卖了20美元， 为吉姆精心 挑选了一条“设计简洁，质量上乘”的铂金表链，好让吉姆可以“每天 看上金表一百遍”。吉姆准时回家。当她把表链送到吉姆面前时，丈夫 紧紧拥抱了她，送给她一套玳瑁做成的、镶有珠宝的梳子。这套梳子恰 恰是她梦寐以求的，好用它来梳理自己的秀发。两人发现，吉姆卖力自 己的金表为妻子的秀发买了梳子，而黛拉卖掉了自己的秀发为丈夫买了 表带。
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation 只以货色论长短，不以装潢来炫耀
（注解：proclaim 意思是“表明，显示”；meretricious 意思是“浮华的， 耀眼的”）
他的小说一般都是短篇故事，有近300 篇，大多构思奇妙，情节机智 有趣，充满幽默，结尾往往出人意料。他善于捕捉和把握生活中的典型场 面，在一个生活片段里集中刻画人物心理，在很短的篇幅里达到一种思想 和艺术的完美结合。与他所描写的人物和场景相配， 他常在小说中使用普 通人的口语和俚语，使他的作品带有地方特色。
触描写严冬的到来。）
英美文学欣赏（第四版）
appreciation翻译
appreciation翻译基本解释●appreciation：欣赏，感激，理解●/əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/●n. 欣赏，感激，理解变化形式●n. 复数形式：appreciations具体用法●名词:o欣赏，感激，理解o同义词：gratitude, recognition, admiration, acknowledgment, esteemo反义词：criticism, disapproval, disdain, neglect, ignoranceo例句：●I have a deep appreciation for classical music, which I findboth soothing and inspiring. 我对古典音乐有深刻的欣赏，我觉得它既令人舒缓又鼓舞人心。
●Her appreciation of the fine arts was evident in the way shespoke about the paintings. 她对美术的欣赏在她谈论画作的方式中显而易见。
●The teacher's appreciation for the student's hard work wasexpressed through a heartfelt letter. 老师通过一封真诚的信表达了对学生努力的感激。
●An appreciation of different cultures can lead to a moreharmonious society. 对不同文化的理解可以导致一个更加和谐的社会。
●The audience showed their appreciation with a standingovation at the end of the performance. 观众在演出结束时以起立鼓掌表示他们的欣赏。
●His appreciation for nature was reflected in his beautifullandscape paintings. 他对自然的欣赏反映在他美丽的风景画中。
APS考试-文学原理要点(中英双语精华版)
文学理论的要点（中英双语版）一.文学理论的重要内容之一文学鉴赏1．文学鉴赏的含义：人们在阅读文学作品的过程中，通过把握艺术形象，体会作品中所隐含的思想感情，而获得精神满足和情感愉悦的一种审美活动。
Literature appreciation is an aesthetic activity in which people get spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure by grasping artistic images and experiencing the thoughts and feelings implied in the works while reading literary works.2 .文学鉴赏的性质包括以下几个方面第一，文学鉴赏是一种审美享受。
所谓审美享受指的是一种精神上的满足和情感上的愉悦。
阅读者在阅读文学作品的过程中，如果他沉浸在作品所描绘的世界之中，整个心灵都被作品中的形象调动起来，处于自由、和谐兴奋的状态，从而得到精神的满足和情感的愉悦，那么他就获得了审美享受。
The nature of literary appreciation includes the following aspectsFirst, literary appreciation is a kind of aesthetic enjoyment. The so-called aesthetic enjoyment refers to a kind of spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure. In the process of reading literary works, if the reader is immersed in the world depicted by the works, his whole mind is mobilized by the images in the works, and is in a state of free and harmonious excitement, thus getting spiritual satisfaction and emotional pleasure, then he has gained aesthetic enjoyment.第二，文学鉴赏是读者的一种再创造活动。
文学文本的解读与鉴赏
文学文本的解读与鉴赏文学作品是人类智慧的结晶，是一种特殊的语言艺术形式。
通过对文学文本的解读与鉴赏，我们可以深入理解作品背后的思想、情感和文化内涵。
本文将从解读的方法和鉴赏的角度来探讨文学文本的解读与鉴赏。
一、解读的方法1. 文本分析法文本分析法是对文学作品进行深入研究的基本方法之一。
它通过对文本的结构、语言、风格等方面进行分析，揭示作品的内在意义。
例如，通过分析小说的情节、人物形象和语言表达，我们可以理解作者想要表达的主题和情感。
2. 语言学解读法语言学解读法强调对文学作品中的语言符号进行解读。
它通过对词汇、句法、修辞等方面的分析，探究作品中的象征、隐喻和修辞手法。
例如，通过分析诗歌中的意象和押韵手法，我们可以理解诗人的情感和意图。
3. 文化解读法文化解读法关注作品背后的文化内涵和文化价值。
它通过对作品所处的时代背景、社会环境和文化传统的分析，理解作品在特定文化背景下的意义。
例如，通过对古代文学作品中的礼仪、道德观念和宗教信仰的解读，我们可以了解古代社会的价值观和文化风貌。
二、鉴赏的角度1. 内容鉴赏内容鉴赏是对作品的主题、情节和人物形象进行评价和解读。
它关注作品所表达的思想、情感和人生观。
例如，通过对小说中的主题和情节的鉴赏，我们可以评价作品的思想深度和故事情节的吸引力。
2. 艺术形式鉴赏艺术形式鉴赏是对作品的语言、结构和风格进行评价和解读。
它关注作品的艺术表现形式和美感。
例如，通过对诗歌的韵律和押韵的鉴赏，我们可以评价诗歌的音乐性和美感。
3. 文化价值鉴赏文化价值鉴赏是对作品所蕴含的文化内涵和文化价值进行评价和解读。
它关注作品对于文化传承和文化交流的贡献。
例如，通过对古代文学作品中的历史故事和文化传统的鉴赏，我们可以评价作品的历史价值和文化影响。
三、解读与鉴赏的重要性解读与鉴赏是我们理解和欣赏文学作品的重要手段。
通过解读，我们可以深入理解作品的内涵和意义，拓展自己的思维和情感世界。
通过鉴赏，我们可以评价作品的艺术价值和文化价值，提升自己的审美能力和文化素养。
外国文学名著赏析(Appreciation of foreign literary classics)
外国文学名著赏析（Appreciation of foreign literary classics）This article is contributed by maria2gPpt documents may experience poor browsing on the WAP side. It is recommended that you first select TXT, or download the source file to the local view.Appreciation of foreign literary classics2006 April 2006Introduction: the history of the mind - Introduction: the history of the mind - the development of Western LiteratureTwo sources: (Er Xi) ancient Greek literature two sources: (Er Xi): two and seven (Hebrew culture period: 1, seven of the Renaissance period: Neoclassical neoclassical 3 century 2,18 in eighteenth Century 4, the enlightenment, Romanticism, realism and the 6,20 5 century modernism postmodernism in twentieth Century modernism PostmodernismFirst, the source of Western literature. (1) the source of Western Literature (1)Ancient Greek mythology, ancient Greek tragedyAncient Greek mythologyThe ancient Greeks of the universe, nature and life of the ancient Greeks to the universe, understanding and thinking. The understanding and thinking of God. And people have a free,independent, God and man has free spirited, independent, carnival fun, enjoy the life of the individual consciousness. Carnival fun, enjoy the life of the individual consciousness. Life consciousness, the awareness of the people, the concept of freedom is the life consciousness, humanistic consciousness, basic spirit. The basic spirit.The story of God and the legend of HeroesThe story of Plo Michel J Jason steal the golden fleece of the story of Hera Claes's storyThe artistic features of Greek mythologyThe imagination is very strong, the imagination is very strong, the story is very strong, the story is very strong. The philosophy is very strong. The philosophy is very strongHomeric epicIn Greek mythology, Dacheng Dacheng, on the Western Anthology of Greek mythology, learn to have a huge impact, learn to have the huge influence, became the first milepost in western literature. The first milepost science. The "Iliad" "Odyssey" Iliad "" Odyssey "" Odyssey "Iliad, IliadDescribing the war of Troy for 10 years, and shaping the war of Troy for 10 years, and shaping a group of flesh and blood hero image, a group of flesh and blood heroic imageThe image of AchillesThe three great tragedies of ancient GreeceAskew Russo Lee PederssophoclesOedipus, king of OedipusKilled his father and married his motherFate tragedyArtistic achievementIt portrays a distinctive character and depicts a distinctive characterThe structure is exquisite and the structure is exquisiteThe source of Western Literature (the source of Western Literature) (two)Christian literature, Christian culture, the Bible, the BibleThe image of MoseEmbodies the basic spirit of Christian culture. They embody the basic spirit of Christian culture. It is an ordinary person, an ordinary man, chosen by God as his agent. The agent is the first national hero. Israel, is Israel's first national hero,the great prophet is the whole of the Old Testament ". The greatest prophet." the Old Testament ".A summary of Renaissance LiteratureIn general, from the beginning of the fourteenth Century to the beginning of the century, from the beginning of fourteenth Century to the beginning of seventeenth Century, from the beginning of the century to the beginning of seventeenth CenturyEstablish a new ideological and cultural system of "bourgeois humanism" based on the establishment of "people" as the center, and the new ideological and cultural systemRepresentative writerPytlak Bio La Berrie Cervantes ShakespeareQuixote "Quixote"The author's creative motivation is the author's creative motivation is "to the world hate absurd romance" knight novel. "Created about 700 different occupation different character created about 700 different occupation of different characters. The characters of Quixote character image analysis.Shakespeare(1564 - 1616) is the European Renaissance giants, 1564 - 1616) is the European Renaissance giant, Dean of the history of theworld drama, the dean of the history of the world drama, one of the greatest writers in the world. One of the creation stages: creation stages: the first period (1590 - 1600) historical dramas. The first period (1590 - 1600) historical drama, comedy and poetry. The creation of Song period. The second period (1601 - 1607) second period (1601 - 1607) peak of tragedy and tragedy and comedy creation period. The peak period, third period (1608 - 1612) romance writing period. The third period (1608 - 1612) romance writing period.Hamlet, HamletIdeological content, Hamlet, character image, artistic achievementEnlightenment literatureRational worship is the ideological basis of the Enlightenment literature. Rational worship is the ideological foundation of the Enlightenment literature. It has successfully molded a series of immortal models, and has successfully molded a series of immortal modelsThe more than 90 works are divided into three parts: "custom research works, philosophical research" study "analysis" philosophic theory research "," research and analysis ". Provides a French society especially the Paris society of extraordinary realistic history. The historical realism of excellence. The representative of" Eugenie Grandet "" high old man "representative" Eugenie Grandet "" high old man "" "high old man."Senior old man", "Gao Lao man"The story happened in the end of 1819 to the story at the end of 1819 to early 1820. Paris Paris at the end of the year to early 1820 in Paris at the beginning of the year. The typical environment: remote block Fugai apartment. The typical environment: remote block Fugai apartment. Typical characters: high old man down; poor students pull typical characters: high old man down; Stine; convict Vidocu; Stine; convict Vidocu; lady Boussain."Senior old man", "Gao Lao man"Analysis of the characters in "Gao man" thought content "Gao old man" -- Gao old man Rusty NeCharlotte Charlotte Bront(1816 - 1855) in nineteenth Century, a famous British realist - 1855 nineteenth Century 1816) a famous British realist writer. Female writer. Born in Yorkshire in the north of England. The ho Chillingworth was born in Yorkshire in the north of England's Ho Chillingworth. Writing four novels: the teacher "" "" Jane has written four novel: "teacher" "Jane Eyre" Shelley "" "" "Villette Villette" Xie Li "" Villette. "Bront sistersCharlotte Bronte: Charlotte Bront: "Jane Eyre" Emily Bronte: a famous British novelist in the poet. Emily Bront: a famousBritish novelist in the poet. Eccentric temperament, masterpiece "eccentric temperament be scanty of words, representative, be scanty of words," Wuthering Heights ". Anne Bronte" Egg Jans Grey "Anne Bronte: Representative: representative of" Egg Jans Grey "Jane EyreCharlotte Bront is famous for, is Charlotte Bront's fame, and also her masterpiece. Watch as a governess. Main characters: Jane Eyre; main characters: female tutor Thornfield Manor Jane Rochester; pastor St. manor Rochester pastor in Saint John;Jane EyreThe theme of Jane Eyre -- the characters in Jane Eyre -- an analysis of the artistic features of Jane EyreRussian literature in nineteenth Century and Russian literature in nineteenth CenturyThe emergence of many great writers. Pushkin, Guo Ge emerged many great writers' works. Pushkin, Turgenev, Xue J J Ki, Turgenev, Czerny, Czerny Xue J J Ki, Tolstoy, Jef J Ki. Athos duly Tolstoy, Jef J Ki. Athos properly has a strong self reflection and repentance consciousness. With strong self reflection and repentance consciousness.dostoevsky(1821 - 1881) can be said to be the second half of nineteenthCentury, Russia 1821 - 1881) can be said to be the second half of the nineteenth Century Russian the most gifted, most personality, the most gifted, most personality, a writer but also the most controversial. A writer. Born in an ordinary family of doctors, patients with epilepsy born in an ordinary family doctor, suffering from epilepsy. Works rich: "poor" idiot "," idiot "books:" poor "" idiot "crime and punishment" and "dead house," "the" dead house, "crime and punishment" and "dead house," "brother" zuof Kalamazoo the Karamazov brothers "" insulted and injured "insulted and injured."Crime and punishment in crime and punishmentMaterial source: source material from "contemporary" magazine serialization: from "contemporary" about a French young Lachenay Jef's crime material, about a French young Lachenay Jef who killed the crime material, an elderly woman jailed. He killed an old woman jailed. The main characters: Sikeernikefu, Sonia, Du La Sikeernikefu, main characters: Sonia, NIA, Alena Ivanov Na. NIA, Alena Ivanov Na. The first chapter "the first chapter" crime "; from the second chapter to the end of write" punishment ".Crime and punishment in crime and punishmentThe theme of crime and punishment, crime and punishment, characterization of crime and punishment, crime and punishment, art characteristics of sin and punishment, crime and punishmentLev Lev Tolstoy(1828 - 1910) nineteenth Century Russia most outstanding realistic 1828 - 1910) in nineteenth Century, Russia's most outstanding realistic writer, one of the world's greatest novelist. Righteous writer, one of the world's greatest novelist. Born in a noble family, life did not stop the spirit and the birth of Yu Gui family agency, will explore the way out. Will explore the way out.Work is an autobiographical Trilogy: childhood "works are autobiographical Trilogy:" childhood "Youth" "Youth" "war and peace" "" Youth "" war and peace "juvenile" "Youth" "war and peace" Resurrection "and" Anna Karenina "" Anna "" Resurrection "and" Anna Karenina "a landlord" morning "a landlord morning".Anna, Karenina, Anna, KareninaIs one of the outstanding representatives of Tolstoy. Tolstoy is one of the outstanding representatives. Consisting of two clues. Composed of two clues. The main characters: Anna Karenina; Levin; Ottawa Lun main characters: Anna Karenina; Levin; Minkowski; Karenin. Kandinsky; Ning calle.Title Page"The New Testament" Bible New Testament "vengeance is mine, I will repay. Vengeance is mine, I will repay. The opening of the novel: the opening of the novel: happy families are all alike, all happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy. Is unhappy.Modernist literature in the twentieth CenturyIs a general term for the first half of the twentieth Century in Europe and the United States has many during the first half of twentieth Century against the traditional European and American anti traditional feature of literary genres. All literary genres syndrome. In twentieth Century a representative of the literary thoughts of the 20th century a representative literary trend. Twentieth Century is a representative of the literary trend. The main schools are: Symbolism; expressionism; main genres: Symbolism; expressionism; futurism; surrealism; stream of consciousness novels. Futurism; surrealism; stream of consciousness novels.Ideological characteristicsIt has a strong tendency of cultural criticism and has a strong tendency of cultural criticismHighlight the theme of alienation and highlight the theme of alienationKafka(1883 - 1924) Austria novelist,. 1883 - 1924) Austria novelist. Born in Prague, parents are of Jewish descent, born in Prague, his parents were Jewish, from his father's strict discipline. Under his father's strict discipline. The three novels "missing" "lawsuit" to "the castle" in three novel "missing" "lawsuit" to "Castle" and "Castle" lawsuit "to" not finished, is representative of the "Metamorphosis" unfinished masterpiece, is a novella "Metamorphosis".Metamorphosis in metamorphosisIt's an absurd and sad story. It's an absurd and sad storyThe people in the modern society due to communication caused by loneliness, indifference and sorrow, caused by loneliness, indifference and sorrow, depicts the people with each other as a heterogeneous alienation. People see each other as a heterogeneous state of alienation.One。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Toni Morrison
1993 "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"
John
1962 "for his realistic and imaginative writings,
Steinbeck
combining as they do sympathetic humour
and keen social perception"
Saul Bellow
1976 "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"
“The Cask of Amontillado”
1. Warming-up Exercises:
Read the following passages and answer the questions.
Example:
1. …And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to
(5) Modern American Literature (19181945)
(6) Contemporary American Literature (1945- )
2. Three Major Themes of American Literature
(1) Sense of place or frontier (地域意识或边 疆意 识)
Ernest
1954
Miller
Hemingway
"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"
"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"
"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
2012年10月11日，瑞 典文学院诺贝尔奖评审委 员会宣布，中国作家莫言 获诺贝尔文学奖。评委会 的理由是“莫言的幻觉现 实主义作品融合了民间故 事、历史和当代性”，莫 言成为首个获奖的中国籍 作家。
Chinese author Mo Yan has been awarded the 2012
Questions:
1.According to the Bible, how was human created?
2. How was the first woman created?
3. From this description, what is the relationship between Adam and Eve /man and woman?
4. Have you noticed any problem concerning the relationship between man and woman?
5. What is your opinion on the relationship between man and woman?
6.When created, Adam and Eve were both naked, but why not ashamed?
★ Generally, we can interpret a literary work from the following three aspects:
(1) theme (2) writing features (3) character portrayal
Part II. Case Study: Appreciation of
Major Works by Mo Yan
《红高粱》 Red Sorghum
《檀香刑》 Sandalwood Death
《丰乳肥臀》 Big Breasts and Wide Hips
《酒国》
The Republic of Wine
《生死疲劳》 Life and Death Are Wearing
(2) Individualism or individual freedom (个 性自由)
(3) The American Dream
3. Nobel Prize Winners in American Literary History
(1) Sinclair Lewis, (6) Ernest Hemingw4. Learning Method sources of work and genre contents of the work (plot, theme, position in literary history) author’s attitude style
And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.
…And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
tales, history and the contemporary.”
The 57-year-old is the first Chinese resident to win
the prize. Chinese-born Gao Xingjian was honoured in
2000, but is a French citizen.
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
WHEN
WHY
1930 "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"
Isaac Bashevis Singer
Joseph Brodsky
1978 1987
"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"
Hallucination: False or distorted perception of objects or events with a compelling sense of their reality, usually resulting from a mental disorder or as a response to a drug. 幻觉：对于事物或事件错误的或扭曲的看法，同时坚信 这些看法的真实性 ，它主要产生于精神错乱或药物反 应.
Nobel Prize for literature.
A prolific author, Mo has published dozens of short
stories, with his first work published in 1981.
The Swedish Academy praised his work which “with hallucinatory realism （谵妄现实主义） merges folk
7. Had Adam and Eve lived in the Garden of Eden eternally? Why?
8. What does the “Garden of Eden” symbolize?
9. What is your comment on the eating of he forbidden apple, thus the “original sin” of human beings?
fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.
(5) William Faulkner, (10) Toni Morrison, 1993 1950
Sinclair Lewis, 1930
Eugene O’Neill, 1936
Pearl Buck, 1938