中国各民族建筑风格英文介绍PPT
中国古代建筑及构造英文
中国古代建筑及构造宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilion台platform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer桁purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊桁ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金桁intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐桁purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心桁eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础column base踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦glazed roof tile勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。
Chinese Architecture2 中国古典建筑
Lions
The ball played by the male lion symbolized the unity of the empire The cub below the female thriving offspring
History of Stone Lion
“Buddha is a lion among men”
Different Types of Palace
行宫 Palace-on-tour 斋宫 Palace for ablution and abstinence(禁食) 地宫 Underground palace Religious building as 雍和宫、三清宫（Palace of Triple Purity） 劳动人民文化宫 Working People’s Palace of Culture 青少年宫 Palace of Youths and Children
Chinese Architecture
Unit 5
Palace
After Qin Dynasty( 221-206BC), gong came gradually to mean the group of building in which the emperor lived and worked and grew ever larger in scale
The Hall of Supreme Harmony
大成殿
岱庙
Ornamental Pillar
Huabiao: often seen on the grounds of palaces, imperial gardens and mausoleums Also seen at some crossroads to mark the thoroughfares(大街、道路) Entwined by a divine dragon engraved in relief, carries a plate on top, on which squats an animal called kong
中国古建筑(英文) ppt课件
• The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex.
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9
•Palace
The Chinese word for "palace" is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and studies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).
PPT课件
2
Disadvantages:
— Their durability is not as good as structures of brick or stone.
— wood grows very slowly and cannot be cut on a large scale recklessly.
中国古建筑(英文) ppt
The most significant characteristic of ancient Chinese architecture: the use of timber/wooden framework
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3
The roofs
• An important part of Chinese architecture.
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9
•Palace
The Chinese word for "palace" is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and studies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).
— the wooden framework bears all the weight of the building, which makes the installation of both the outer and inner walls flexible and able to be placed in accordance with practical needs
中国古建筑(英文)
--The wooden columns of the buildings, as well as the surface of
the walls, tend to be red in color. --The Chinese dragon was heavily used on Imperial architecture.
• Religious Structures（宗教建筑）
Taoist Temple Constructions
A Chinese Taoist temple, generally called gong（宫） or guan（观） in Chinese, is the holy hall where Taoists perform their religious ceremonies.
storyed pavilions
The Chinese Ge is similar to the Lou in that both are of two or more storey buildings. The difference between them is that the Ge has a door and windows only on the front side with the other three sides being solid walls. Moreover, Ge is usually enclosed by wooden balustrades or decorated with boards all around.
Functions of terraces :
— as an observatory (观象台）
— as beacon towers(烽火台) along the Great Wall — in honor of the sincere friendship
中国建筑英文介绍[优质ppt]
![中国建筑英文介绍[优质ppt]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8e54f89ed5bbfd0a795673ea.png)
1.Architectural materials
Chinese architects used woods as the main building materials Delicate Tough Morbidezza(细腻，柔美) Gentle and reserved The line of beauty and the vividness of the artistic conception take priority.
(ranging from building the foundationBatcko
Walls
In north,thick walls can prevent sand and protect them from coldness. While in south, people tend to have thin walls and they pay more attention to have fresh wind.
3.Architectural art language
The western architecture usually develops in
the lenthways and directly points to the sky.
How to support these stone roofs to the sky
2.Architectural Structures
Traditional Chinese people believe in the idea of nature-human integration.
In our Chinese culture,we advocate that men should keep a harmonious relationship with nature.
中国古建筑(英文) ppt课件
The most significant characteristic of ancient Chinese architecture: the use of timber/wooden framework
PPT课件
3
The roofs
• An important part of Chinese architecture.
PPT课件
19
Courtyard House（院落式民居）
— as bell and drum towers
PPT课件
13
storyed pavilions
The Chinese Ge is similar to the Lou in that both are of two or more storey buildings. The difference between them is that the Ge has a door and windows only on the front side with the other three sides being solid walls. Moreover, Ge is usually enclosed by wooden balustrades or decorated with boards all around.
PPT课件
11
terraces
As an ancient architectural structure of Chinese, the tai was a very much elevated terrace with a flat top, generally built of earth and stone and surfaced with brick.
中国传统建筑风格中英双语介绍
Ancient architecture continued in Yuan Dynasty, especially the Islamic mosques and Buddhist temples, which brought deep influence on the Han national architecture. In the Ming and the Qing dynasties, architecture reached its climax. The Qing Dynasty compiled another book Gong Zheng Zuo Fa Tse Li. It was the government manual to standardize architecture.
The Categories of Ancient Architecture
Generally, Chinese ancient architecture consists of government architecture and civil architecture. The former includes the imperial palaces, mausoleum, Buddhist temples, Taoist guan, altars, gardens and other big buildings.
Paifang and Cloud Pillar仿表
（十）坊表
中国古代具有表彰、 纪念、导向或标志作 用的建筑物，包括牌 坊、华表等
（一）中国建筑的色调
中国古代建筑的色彩非常丰富。有的色 调鲜明，对比强烈，有的色调和谐，纯 朴淡雅。建筑师根据不同需要和风俗习 尚而选择施用。大凡宫殿、坛庙、寺观 等建筑物多使用对比强烈，色调鲜明的 色彩：红墙黄瓦（或其他颜色的瓦）衬 托着绿树蓝天，再加上檐下的金碧彩画， 使整个古建筑显得分外绚丽。在表现中 国古建筑艺术的特征中，琉璃瓦和彩画 是很重要的两个方面。
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Courtyard building 合院式建筑
soil palm room土掌房
• Yi and Hani popular "soil palm room“
（彝族和哈尼族流行“土掌房”）
• material • resist hot or cold weather
（抗御过热过冷的气候）
• “mushroom farms.” • 哈尼族居民在墙上增加了四面坡的草屋顶，状如蘑菇。被称为
Modern architecture 现代
I hope everybody can have a warm home with your honey in the future.
National architecture
民族建筑
National architecture
• Han nationality 汉族 • Minority [maɪ'nɔrətɪ]少数民族
• Modern architecture 现代
汉族Han nationality • 1. Palaces
西 双 版 纳
西 双 版 纳
丽 江 古 城
• great beauty and enjoyment
• 丽江古城小桥流水的雅致和古朴光滑的青石板、石桥， 给人以极大的美感和享受
大理古城
• magnificent • flowers • a beautiful space.
• 大理古城那巍峨的城墙、雄壮的城楼，城中家家 户户养花植木的庭院，同样为人们展现了一个美 的空间。
• Beijing Forbidden City and Imperial Palace • 紫禁城 故宫
• 2.
Altars building Bridge construction
• the Temple of Heaven. 天坛 • 3.
• “arch bridge” 赵州桥
Minority architecture
蘑菇房。
soil room
bamboo house 竹楼
Dai nationality 傣族 • hyper-altitude low. 海拔较低 • humid潮湿 • Mosquitoes，snakes 蚊虫毒蛇
彝族土掌房
bamboo house傣族竹楼
bamboo house傣族竹楼
少数民族建筑风格
民族建筑
分类 Three workshops a screen wall
三坊一照壁
Courtyard building
合院式建筑
Traditional house
土掌房
Bamboo house
竹楼式
Something else
其他
Three workshops a screen wall 三坊一照壁
Bai nationality 白族
白族文化中开放性和 包容性的完 美体现
Courtyard building 合院式建筑
• Located in Pingba area 平坝区 • altitude 1300-2300 meters
• 海拔高度1300—2300米左右
• sunshine 日照充足