商务英语第一单元
商务英语unit_1
压缩工作周（compressed work weeks),就是 以每天较长工作时间的工作日，换取每周较少的工 作日。例如员工每周需要工作40小时，在压缩工作 周安排下， 员工不一定要工作5天，每天8小时， 他们可选择每天工作10小时，每周工作4天。
长期兼职（permanent part-time),即雇用 一些不愿全天候完整时间工作，而仅利用部分时 间工作的员工，其工作时间虽不是整天整周，工 作时间却定期不变（例如某私人企业定期雇用会 计师在每个reat because I’m my own boss, but I still work with lots of different people. freelance; temping; consultancy
I wish I had my own space. I have to carry everything around in my bag and sometimes there’s nowhere to sit. hot-desking
Vocabulary
temping 当临时工 specialist advice [‘speʃəlist]专业咨询 hot-desking 办公桌轮用 office gossip [‘gɔsip]办公室小道消息 consultancy [kən‘sʌltənsi] 咨询公司，顾问公司
3.Match the nine ways of working in exercise 2 to their comments.
7 flexitime
8 hot-desking
G You only work for some of the week (not full-time).
H You do your job for part of the week and another person does it for the other part. I You aren’t employed by a company, but are paid to give specialist advice.
ppt 课件-商务英语-第一单元
Cheaper goods Export increased
Result: England’s trade balance would deteriorate, while
France’s trade balance would improve.
Long-run surplus is impossible. Fundamental weakness: Trade is seen as a zero-sum game (a gain by one country results in a loss by another)
1.
2.
1. Diminishing Returns
Assumption of constant returns to specialization: the units of resources required to produce a good are assumed to remain constant no matter where one is on a country’s PPF Reality: Diminishing returns to specialization – output increase leads to increased consumption of resource Reasons: unequal quality of resources different proportion of resources for different products
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Adam Smith (1776) attacked mercantilism: Countries differ in their ability to produce goods efficiently. Thus, a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it. Countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an AA, then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries. Both countries benefit from international trade (a positive-sum game). Adam Smith advocated: specialization & free trade
商务英语Unit1部分答案
商务英语Unit1部分答案1. Why is business believed to be exciting, important and necessary?Because it combines the science and the art of business with many other subjects, such as economics, geography, history, language, culture, laws, and so on.2. What does business mean traditionally and nowadays?Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed. Today, In general, business refers to all such efforts within a society or within an industry.3. How many most common types of business are there? And what are they?Individuals or companies provide the organized efforts, for a profit, goods or services that satisfy the society’s needs.4. What is the difference between business and a business?The three most common are manufacturing firms, merchandisers, and service enterprises.5. In what way does a corporation raise money for its expansion?In general, business refers to all such efforts within a society or within an industry. However, a business is particular organization engaged in the above-mentioned activities.6. What is a joint venture? Find some examples in china.By offering stock publicly, it enables anyone with some money to buy the stock and become a part-owner of the company.1. Different states or groups can combine to enlarge their markets.2. Government officials who travel on business are given traveling allowances.3. We had to hire maids through an agency .4. He does wholesale business, while his brother is engaged in retail business.5. Chinese grammar is a thing different in nature from English grammar.6. The town council passed a law forbidding the distribution of handbills.7. Establish your policies, constantly monitor prices and operating costs to insure profit.8. I never remember having come across a man like that.9. We just can't find enough good second-hand cars to satisfy demand.1. That factory has the capacity to manufacture ten tons of wool into cloth every day.2. Prices of the ice-boxes in that supermarket ranged from 100 dollars to 1,000 dollars each.3. When you are playing a game, you must try to find an advantage over your opponent.4. I’m sorry, that style of coat is completely out of stock in your size.5. Workers are not allowed to speed up their production at the expense of the quality.6. Many people are fond of combining a holiday with learning a new skill.7. Awards provide an incentive for young people to improve their skills.8. When I was in Paris on business last week, I came across an old friend of mine.1. Business is exciting because it combines the science and the art of business with many other subjects, such as economics, geography, history, language, culture, laws, and so on.商务令⼈兴奋是因为它把科学和商业艺术与许多其他学科结合在⼀起，像经济学、地理、历史、语⾔、⽂化、法律等等。
商务英语unit1facetoface
5) Your body language: the way you stand and sit: if you have your arm crossed you may look defensive. If you slump in the chair you may look sleepy, if you sit upright with your shoulders back , you may look eager and alert. Overdoing any of these things will show that you are insincere. 6) Your appearance: different business clothes, are acceptable in different countries and companies. Black shoes with white socks, a tie, long hair, nail, 7) Your smell, to use perfume, deodorants to combat body odour , different culture finds different smell unpleasant.
句型练习：
A：I come from China.
B: If you come from China, You are a Chinese .
1.4 Focuses more on nonverbal behaviors : gestures, paralanguages and body languages. ( my lecture ) 1) make sure that other people feel comfortable talking to you 2) your tone of voice: ( Why , Why is that, Really ) 3) your expression: unchanging silly smile, frown, watch time 4) the noises you make: blinking, sighing, click your pen, taping your foot , “it is very good of you to see me …yawn.. sigh…now , if I could have just five minutes of your time…?”
商务英语 初级unit1
Business English
Speaking
Work with your partners. Introduce yourself and talk about your job or studies.
What’s your job?
I am an accountant.
I am from France. What do you do?
director
doctor
telephone operator lawyer
human resources
receptionist
sales assistant
personal assistant (PA)
Job
accountant
Department
manager
technician cashier
I am a manager.
Where do you come from?
Business English
Key Language 2
Countries and Nationalities
Country
Nationality
Country
Nationality
-an
Brazil Germany Italy Russia -ese Japan Japanese Chinese -i Kuwait Kuwaiti France Brazilian German Italian Russian Poland Spain Sweden Turkey
Key Language: Learn different Job Titles Learn countries and nationalities
新标准商务英语综合教程 1 Unit 1 A matter of choice 译文
新标准商务英语综合教程1 第一单元译文关于选择苏mei 译资本主义的可靠主力--股份制公司--看起来出奇的持久，但是其面临的压力也在与日俱增。
1967年，约翰·肯尼斯·加尔布雷斯在其著作《新工业国家》中指出，美国由少数几家大公司以稳定为名掌控国家经济。
这种等级森严的官僚组织长期生产标准化产品，定期推陈出新，改良产品。
他们为工人提供终身制的就业机会，并与大型工会保持着良好的劳资关系。
那个世界现在已经不复存在。
美国的大型公司要么消失了，要么在全球化竞争中转型了，其中大多数企业已经由大批量转向高价值、由规模化转向定制化生产体系。
而且这些公司已经平抑了其管理层级，如今很少有人愿意一生只在一家公司里步步高升。
形势正在剧变，但是，这到底要将我们带向何方？现代公司又将何去何从呢？这里有三个为公众普遍接受的答案。
第一种观点认为，少数几家大公司正在无声地收购这个世界。
过去几十年中公司兼并的案例比皆是，创下了历史记录。
幸存下的公司比国家政体还要强大许多。
第二种思想学派的的观点却大相径庭。
他们认为大公司已经成为过去。
若要了解未来趋势，就看看电脑销售企业“单轨公司”吧。
单轨公司没有厂房、仓库以及其他任何有形资产。
该公司在亚特兰大一幢写字楼里租了一层办公区。
自由职业者此刻正在办公桌前设计电脑------尽管需求量仍然不高。
第三种观点认为传统公司正在被公司网所取代。
创业团队建立一个网络组织来推销其观点理念。
他们把点子卖给出价最高者，然后构架下一个点子，创建下一个公司，资金由风险投资家提供。
另一种展望公司未来的方法是聚焦影响公司发展的外部环境。
这种环境由一件事决定----选择。
科技和全球化为个人和公司提供了前所未有的机会，使得他们能够在传统体制之外搜集信息并展开经济活动。
规模化大生产时代降低了生产成本却限制了产品选择，而现代化弹性生产体系既降低了成本又增加了选择：消费者能够更自由地选择将钱花在何处，生产商能够更自由地选择供应商，股东也能够更自由地选择投资对象。
商务英语-Unit-1-参考答案
Unit 1 GlobalizationPart I Business VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. This part totals 20 points, one point for each sentence.1 There are too many examples in aviation and other _____ B _____ of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.A sectionsB sectorsC segmentsD components2 It would not _______ A ________ earlier mistakes such as attempting to enter the train or boat-building business.A repeatB makeC recognizeD produce3 He is impressed, he says, by the way in which oil companies have ____ D _____ from losing national images.A obtainedB gotC reachedD benefited4 Royal Dutch/Shell is another group which manages to ______D_________ itselfas a local company in which it operates.A displayB exhibitC showD present5 When the Japanese tyre group Bridgestone entered the US market, it made an _________ C _______, buying the local production base of Firestone.A saleB purchaseC acquisitionD overpayment6 If a company wishes to enter the Chinese market, it usually looks for a local ________ D ________ who will cooperate in setting up a joint venture.A manB talentC managerD partner7 If you’re ______ C ______ don’t go to Oslo – it’s Europe’s most expensive city.A hardB hardyC hard upD hard down8 A survey has _______A_________ with some interesting information about the cost of living in our major cities.A come upB show upC put upD live up9 Meals at restaurants cost a _________ C ________ and drinks are very pricey.A expenseB priceC fortuneD fate10 Being kept waiting, being connected to voice mail or being passed on to someone else are all common ________ D _______.A flashesB firesC firecrackersD flashpoints11 Reasons for this are ________ B _________, according to Reed.A three piecesB threefoldC threeD triple12 Increasing numbers of transactions take place entirely by phone, from ___ D ____ insurance to paying bills.A doingB sellingC buyingD arranging13 As companies move towards ‘remote working’, the need for the right tone of voice _______ A _______ to every level of the organization.A extendsB stretchesC expandsD attaches14 However, globalization has brought problems in the compan y’s overseas plants, and this is having a bad ________ A _______ on its share prices.A effectB influenceC affectD consequence15 A journalist from the Eastern Economist Review suggested recently that the company could become the _______ B _______ of a takeover if it didn’t sort out its problems soon.A aimB targetC objectiveD purpose16 Although this helps to lower costs, the materials are often of poor quality. This has resulted in _______ C _______ orders.A placedB placingC cancelledD canceling17 Recently, a German distributor refused a D of 50,000 blouses.A dealB transactionC cargoD consignment18 When customers want last-minute changes to clothing, the plants cannot meet customers’ tight _______ D ______.A timesB periodsC datesD deadlines19 Its latest _______ B ______ were described by a famous fashion expert as ‘boring, behind the times and with no appeal to a fashion-conscious buyer’.A seriesB collectionsC sequencesD present20 Factory workers complain about their wages. They are often expected to work _______ C ________ without extra pay.A overB timeC overtimeD timelyPart II Phrase TranslationDirections: Directions: There are 20 Chinese phrases in this part. You are required to translate them into English and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, one point for each phrase.1 资本外逃fight of capital2 福利welfare benefits3 相互让步give-and-take4 国家形象national image5 航空航天公司aerospace company6 全球化公司global company7 就业问题employment problems8 生活水准living standard9 跨文化问题cross-cultural problems10 合资企业joint venture11 本地合伙人local partner12 许可协议licensing agreement13 通货膨胀率inflation rate14 市场调研market research15 远程办公remote working16 全球会议global conference17 股票价格share price18 顾客需求customers’ needs19 低价战略low-pricing strategy20 员工流动率staff turnoverPart III Sentence TranslationDirections: There are 10 sentences in this part. You are required to translate them into Chinese and write down your translation on the Answer Sheet. This part totals 20 points, two points for each sentence.1.There are too many examples in aviation and other sectors of what has happened to companies that have tried to do that.在航空业和其他行业中想要原地踏步而以失败告终的例子比比皆是2.People are much more likely to express anger over the phone, rather than in writing or face to face.和书信及面对面交流比起来，人们更容易在电话上发火。
商务英语unit 1
Unit 11. acquireacquired factoryacquisition / introduction of technology from abroad2. runa trial runrun a businessThe strike has caused a run on breadThere was a run on the bankRunning costs/ overheads3. take over V.S hand over4. be accountable for their actions5. staff10 staff were allocated to this taskThe center is staffed with highly trained nursesWell-staffed hotel / poorly-staffed hotel6. come up with ( a plan, idea, suggestions, method, theory …)7. cast /throw/shed new light on sth.A new approach offers an answer and may cast new light on an even bigger question.8. measure A against Bmeasure the shoe against the foorprintmeasure the progress against the targetUnit 1bIdiomatic phrases: slangs, idioms, prescribed pharsesMind your back!1. Corporate image / goal/ objectives/ finances2. Dominate / dominance / dominantThe country has long been the dominant military power in the region.He dominates every meetingThe group dominated the pop charts during 1970sHe is a very dominant person.3. manageable / managetough but manageable targetsI can’t manage all this work on my own.I’m afraid I can’t manage the time.Don’t worry about me, I’ll manage.3. Slow down, or you’ll have a heart attack.4. adopt an approach to this problem / adopt a new method5. get down to businessI must get down to sorting out that pile of papers on my desk.6. be aware ofpolitical awarenesspublic awareness of the need for conservation.Hiaer enjoys a high brand awareness among public.7. follow upfollow-up evaluation / follow-up investigationThe idea sounded interesting and I decided to follow it up.The police officer took their names, but did not follow them up.Go for a follow-up visit to the doctor.This meeting is a follow-up to the one we had last week.Follow-up meeting9. interpretIt is difficult to interpret these statistics without knowing how they were obtained.A jury should not interpret the silence of a defendant as a sign of guilt.Many people are interpreting the minister’s statement as meaning that s he intends to resign.Every manager interprets his work role in a different way.Inter-cultural /cross-cultural / cultural shockMany companies cannot integrate their different coporate cultures after being merged.Over-estimate / under-estimateUnderstatementDeposit, loan, credit card, mortage, financial advice, priority bankingUnit 11. Use the following words to complete the extract from an email below.Chief executive points of view minutes unanimous casting voteCounter-productive summary brainstorming decision-making objectiveAlexThanks for your email yesterday --- great to hear from you. My first month with the new sales team has been good and I’m slowly getting used to how they work. You asked what’s different h ere ---- well meetings for a start! They seem to have no definite 1____________ or agenda to begin with and Michael Freed, the 2______________, calls meetings without any notice at all. He suddenly decides to have a 3_______________ session to come up with new ideas and calls an instant meeting. No one is prepared or anything so we sit around, drink coffee and can’t think of anything, which seems a bit 4_____________ to me. And the 5_____________ process is a bit strange too. Everyone puts forward their 6______________ and then if there isn’t 7____________ agreement, it gets put to a vote. Michael has the 8_____________ , of course, so he usually gets what he wants at the end of the day and you wonder what the point of voting on it was. And there’s no 9_____________ at the end of the meeting of what was agreed and I’ve never seen any formal written 10_________________ distributed to anyone after the meeting either. It’s certainly all very different to how we used to do things but the department is very profit able so I guess Michael must know what he’s doing. It’s going to take a while for me to get ………………2. Match the verbs with the nouns then use them to complete the sentences below.Allocate the company structureAuthorize resourcesDelegate a voteNegotiate a reportReorganize a paymentSubmit a taskCast costsControl a deal1) We’re reviewing how we __allocate resources__ in order to maximize productivity.2) She ___negotiated a deal___ with the supplier and saved us a lot of money.3) I’m afraid only the Head of Department is able to ___authorise a payment____ over $ 500.4) We’re hoping to __submit a report___ in time for people to read it before the meeting.5) They’re tr ying to ___control costs___ , which will probably mean no pay rise this year. / cost-effectiveplan6) Any directors not attending the board meeting can ___cast a vote____ by email. / directors of theboard7) They’ve hired a consultant to __reorganize the company structure___ and improve our processes. /restructuring8) He’s a very ‘hands-on’ manager --- he doesn’t know how to __delegate a task__.1) She’s got great ____ managerial ____ skills. She always gets the best out of her staff.2) The figures aren’t very ___ representative ____ of our performance last year.3) He’s r etired but keeps a ___ supervisory __ role as a non-executive director.4) She’s really good at understanding figures ---- she’s got a very __ analytical ___ mind.5) All the __ administration ___ in the department is done by our secretarial staff.6) We formed a ___partnership____ with one of our overseas agents.7) I’d like you to ___assist____ Ingrid with/in getting the project off the ground.8) Peter can arrange the conference ------ he’s got excellent ____organizational____ skills.on the telephone ( put the sentences in the correct order)conversation 1●speaking.●This is Alan Smith of Colville International. I’m calling about…●Hello, could I speak to Mr Jones, please?Conversation 2●Certainly. Hold on, I’m putting you through.●Hello, Roger Jones.●Hello, United Export.●This is Alan Smith of Colville International. I:m calling about…●Hello, could I speak to Mr Jones on the extension 142, please?Conversation 3●certainly. Thank you for calling. Goodbye.●Could you tell him that Alan Smith of Colville called and ask him to call me back?●I’m afraid Mr Jones is out of the office. Would you like to leave a message or call back later?●Good bye.●Hello, could I speak to Mr Jones, please?Mr. Chen is not available now.Mr. Chen is on another line now.I will ask Mr Chen to get back to you as soon as he comes back.。
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Road Freight
Advantages Cost effective Fast delivery, Ideal for short distances Ideal for transporting perishables (eg fruit and vegetables) Easy to monitor location of goods Easy to communicate with driver Ideal for sending by courier shortages to customers Private
Sea Freight
Sea transportation is usually used by companies who ship a large amount of goods at once, with longer lead times. This mode of transport is the longest, yet is ideal for bulk shipments such as coal and minerals.
Advantages/Disadvantages, Modes of Transport
Air Freight
Air freighting is commonly used by companies who work with short lead times, or advanced service levels. Shipping by air certainly isn’t the cheapest alternative, artain size/weighted products.
Air Freight
Advantages Fastest for long distance deliveries Customer perception is high, easy for order fulfilment Very safe mode of transport Reduces lead time on suppliers Improved service levels
Road Freight
Disadvantages Transport subject to traffic delays Transport subject to breakdown Goods susceptible to damage through careless driving Bad weather Driving regulations can cause delays Pollutes the environment Less safe than alternatives Can be expensive where there are congestion or road charges
Thank you!!!
Road Freight
Road transportation is the most commonly used method in practice today. The numbers are getting smaller as more and more companies export but it is still the most used mode of transport by a wide margin.
Sea Freight
Advantages Ideal for transporting heavy and bulky goods Suitable for products with long lead times Cheap for large volumes
Sea Freight
Disadvantages Very slow, longer lead/delivery times Difficult to monitor exact location of goods in transit Customs and Excise restrictions Could be costly Inflexible routes and timetables Port duty/taxes Requires inland transportation for doorto-door delivery
Air Freight
Disadvantages Risky Potential for flight delays and/or cancellations Customs and Excise restrictions Expensive vs. other modes Unsuitable for some goods, Limited routes, and inflexible timetables Environmental pollution Airport taxes
Rail Freight
Disadvantages Potential of damages, from shunting Subject to unforeseen delays Reliance on rail freight operator's timetable Suppliers/customers are not always located near a rail freight depot and delivery to/from the depot can be costly and time consuming Limited routes, inflexible routes and timetables
Rail Freight
Advantages Fast delivery Capacity Cost effective Safe mode of transport Reliable More environmentally friendly than alternatives Does not add to congestion
Rail Freight
Rail transportation offers many advantages and is (for obvious reasons) used for domestic use or inter-continental. Rail transport is ideal for heavy goods and has a wide range of applications.