化工专业英语全解
化工专业英语课文翻译
Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品我们将化学工业部门分成两类，生产量较大的部门和产量较低的部门。
在产量高的部门中，各种化学品的年产量达上万吨至几十万吨。
结果这样所用的工厂专门生产某一个单个产品。
这些工厂的连续方式进行操作，自动化程度高（计算机控制）归类于产量高的部门有硫酸，含磷化合物，含氮化合物，氯碱及其相关化合物，加上石油化学品和商品聚合物（如聚乙烯）（生产部门）。
除商品聚合物外，其它的均为重要的中间体，或基本化学品。
这些基本化学品是其他许多化学品的生产原料，其他许多基本化学品的需求量很大。
相反，产量低的部门主要从事精细化学品的生产。
单个化学品的年产量只有几十吨到几千吨。
然而，与高产量的产品相比，这些产品单位重量具有很高的价值。
通常，精细化斜坡的生产与间歇方式操作在工厂中，而且这些工厂常进行多种产品的生产。
低产量生产部门生产农用化学品，染料，药品和特种聚合物（如聚醚醚酮）。
基础化学品在化学工业中得不到支持，它们不那么引人注意（如药品），有时候利润不很高。
其利润来自于经济盛衰时难以预测的周期。
这些基本化学品不被公众注意到和直接使用，因此其重要性常得不到理解。
即使在化学工业中，其重要性也得不到足够的重视。
然而，如果没有这些基本化学品，其他工业就不复存在。
基本化学品处于原料（及那些从地下通过采矿、开采或用泵抽出来的物质）和最终产品的中间位置。
基本化学品的一个显著的特征就是它们的生产规模，每一种（基本化学品）的生产规模都相当大。
图2-1表示在1993 年美国市场上的25 中化学品。
（为了使我们了解化学品的分类与生产量有关。
）通常，基本化学品生产于那些年产量上万吨的工厂。
年产量10 万吨的工厂每小时要生产1.25 吨。
基本化学品的另一显著重要的特征是其价格。
大多数价格相当便宜。
基本化学品工业所作的工作（或任务）是找到经济的途径将原来转变为有用的中间体。
生产厂家要对它们的产品收取较高的价格几乎没有余地，因此，那些最低费用生产产品的厂家可能获得的利润最高。
化工专业英语词汇
化工专业英语词汇Polymerization [ˌpɔliməraiˌzeiʃən] 聚合Compounding [ˌkɔmpaundiŋ]改性reactant 反应物[riˌæktənt]recycle [riˌsaɪkəl] 循环回收crystallizetion [ˌkrɪstəlaɪˌzeɪʃn] 结晶drying [ˌdraiiŋ]干燥catalyst [ˌkætlɪst] 催化剂，separation [ˌsepəˌreɪʃən] 分离heat exchange [hi:t iksˌtʃeindʒ] 热交换temperature [ˌtempəritʃə] 温度pressure [ˌpreʃə] 压力content gauge [ˌkɔntent ɡeidʒ] 液面[位]计reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock [ˌfi:dstɔk] 进料，原料product 产物，产品percent conversion百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoline汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏energy saving 节约能量energy efficiency 能量效率heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor 微型反应器hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis 光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sensor 传感器，探头separation of solids 固体分离suspension 悬浮液porous medium 多孔介质filtration 过滤medium 介质filter 过滤器trap 收集，捕集Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗Vacuum 真空conical funnel 锥形漏斗filter paper 滤纸area 面积filter cake 滤饼factor 因数，因子，系数，比例viscosity 黏度density 密度corrosive property 腐蚀性particle size 颗粒尺寸shape 形状size distribution 粒度分布packing characteristics填充性质concentration 浓度filtrate 滤液feed liquor 进料液pretreatment 预处理latent heat 潜热resistance 阻力surface layer 表面层filtering medium 过滤介质drop in pressure 压降filtering surface 过滤表面filter cake 滤饼cake filtration 饼层过滤deep bed filtration 深层过滤depth 深度law 定律net flow 净流量conduction 传导convection 对流radiation 辐射temperature gradient 温度梯度metallic solid 金属固体thermal conduction 热传导motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性thermal conductivity 导热性poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁furnace 火炉，燃烧器metal wall of a tube 金属管壁macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子control volume 控制体enthalpy 焓macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象forces of friction 摩擦力fluid mechanics 流体力学flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量eddy 尾流，涡流turbulent flow 湍流natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力temperature gradient 温度梯度electromagnetic wave 电磁波fused quartz 熔化的石英reflect 反射，inflection:折射matte无光泽的，无光的temperature level 温度高低inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递rate of diffusion扩散速率acetone 丙酮dissolve 溶解ammonia 氨ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物physical process 物理过程oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物nitric acid 硝酸carbon dioxide 二氧化碳sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率two-film theory 双膜理论concentration difference 浓度差in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散laminar sub-layer 层流底层resistance 阻力，阻止boundary layer 边界层Fick’s Law费克定律is proportional to 与…成比例concentration gradient 浓度梯度plate tower 板式塔installation 装置feed 进料bottom 底部，塔底solvent 溶剂top 顶部，塔顶partial vaporization 部分汽化boiling point 沸点equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散ideal system 理想系统ratio of A to B A与B的比值with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果tray 塔板packed tower 填料塔bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔spray chamber 喷淋室maintenance expense 维修费foundation 基础tower shell 塔体packing material 填料pump 泵blower 风机accessory heater 附属加热器cooler 冷却器heat exchanger 换热器solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用power 动力circulating gas 循环气labor 劳动力steam蒸汽regenerate再生cooling water 冷却水solvent make-up 补充溶剂optimum 最优的unabsorbed component未吸收组分purity纯度volatility挥发性vapor pressure蒸汽压liquid mixture 液体混合物condense凝缩，冷凝binary distillation双组分精馏multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定conduit导流管）,downcomer 降液管gravity重力weir溢流堰vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板reboiler再沸器vaporization汽化condensate冷凝液，凝缩液overhead vapor塔顶汽体condenser冷凝器ifeed tray进料板base塔底，基础bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝stripping section汽提段,提馏段distillate section精馏段total condense全凝器distillate product塔顶馏出产品reflux回流thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液fractional crystallization分步结晶solubility，溶解度，溶解性soluble可溶解的solvent溶剂employ采纳，利用miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取aromatic 芳香烃的paraffin石蜡，链烷烃lubricating oil润滑油decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂penicillin青霉素streptomycin（链霉素）precipitation沉淀，沉析ethyl alcohol乙醇)extract萃取液heat requirement热负荷solute溶质extract phase萃取相baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板settling tank沉降槽centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离emulsifying agent乳化剂density difference密度差raffinate萃余液extract 萃取液drying of Solids 固体干燥process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的）organic有机的，有机物的benzene苯humidity湿度moisture content湿含量drying rate干燥速率critical moisture content临界湿湿含量falling-rate降速concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近straight line：直线constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段convection drying对流干燥drying gas干燥气体falling-rate period降速干燥阶段mean value平均值vacuum drying真空干燥discolor变色，脱色sublime升华freeze drying冷冻干燥adiabatic绝热的，不传热的pressure gradientperpendicular to：与----垂直counter-current逆流per unit area单位面积water-cooling tower水冷塔sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）water droplet水珠，水滴quantitative relation定量关系thermal diffusion热扩散at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于molecular transfer分子传递balance 抵消，平衡drag forces曳力a function of …的函数of the same order具有同一数量级eddy diffusion涡流扩散is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流coefficient系数In principle从原理而言exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价nitrogen oxides氮氧化物compound化合物conversion转化，转化率protein蛋白质compress压缩reaction yield反应产率reaction speed反应速度one-pass（单程）reactorenergy input能量输入maximum最大的near toequilibrium接近平衡output产出，输出，产量fertilizer化肥urea尿素ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium phosphate磷酸铵ammonium sulfate硫酸铵diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵ash纯碱pyridine砒啶polymers聚合物nylon尼龙acrylics丙烯酸树脂via经，由，通过，借助于hydrogen cyanide氰化氢nitric acid硝酸bulk explosive集装炸药crude oil原油natural gas天然气bitumen沥青fossil fuel化石燃料seepage渗出物asphalt沥青oil drilling采油gasoline汽油paint涂料plastic塑料synthetic rubber合成橡胶fiber纤维soap肥皂cleansing agent清洗剂wax石蜡explosive炸药oil shale油页岩deposit沉积物aquatic plant 水生植物sedimentary rock沉积岩sandstone砂岩siltstone泥岩tar sand沥青石chain-shaped链状的methane甲烷paraffin石蜡，烷烃ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbonnaphthene环烷烃naphtha石脑油tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油impurity杂质pollutant 污染物combustion燃烧capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力viscous resistance粘性阻力barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)tanker油轮kerosene煤油heavy gas oil重瓦斯油reforming重整cracking裂化octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值branched-chain（带支链的）materials science材料科学mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and opticalbehavior.（机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉solid state physics固体物理学metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物insulation 绝缘catalytic cracking 催化裂化structural steels 结构钢computer microchip 计算机芯片Aerospace 航空Telecommunication 电信information processing 信息处理nuclear power 核能energy conversion 能量转化internal structure 内部结构defect structure 结构缺陷crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵vacant atomic site 原子空位dislocation 错位precipitate 沉淀物semiconductor 半导体mechanical disturbance 机械扰动ductility 延展性brittleness 脆性spinning electrons 旋转电子amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟chemical process safety 化工过程安全exotic chemistry 奇异化学hydrodynamic model水力学模型two-phase flow两相流dispersion model分散模型toxic有毒的release释放，排放probability of failure失效概率accident prevention事故预防hard hat 安全帽safety shoe防护鞋rules and regulations 规章制度loss prevention损失预防hazard identification 危害辩识，technical evaluation技术评估safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验technical competence技术能力safety knowledge安全知识design engineer设计师cost engineer造价师process engineering过程工程plant layout工厂布局general service facilities公用工程plant location工厂选址close teamwork紧密的团队协作specialized group专业组storage仓库waste disposal废物处理terminology术语，词汇accountant会计师，会计，出纳final-proposal决议tangible return有形回报Empirical model 经验模型process control（过程控制）first-principles基本原理，基本规则regression model回归模型.operating condition操作条件nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法statistical technique 统计技术intensity强度，程度phenomenological model 现象模型model identification模式识别neural network神经网络a priori：先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师qualitative定性的quantitative precision定量的精确high-fidelity高保真的computationally intensive计算量大的mathematical expressionsteady-state model稳态模型bioengineering生物工程artificial人工的hearing aid助听器artificial limb假肢supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官biosynthesis生物合成life scientist生命科学家agricultural engineer农艺师fermentation发酵civil engineer土木工程师sanitation卫生physiologists生理学criteria 指标human medicine人体医学medical electronics医疗电子medical instrumentation医疗器械blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学prosthetics假肢器官学biomechanics生物力学surgeon外科医生replacement organ器官移植physiologist生理学家counterpart对应物，配对物psychology心理学self-taught自学barrier障碍物medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程health care保健diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断agricultural engineering农业工程biological production生物制品生产bionics（仿生学）human-factors engineering人类与环境工程environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品styrene苯乙烯ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会as a whole整体而言emission释放物，排放物voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在deactivate失活bulk chemical 大宗化工产品Fine chemical 精细化工Pharmaceutical制药segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量inorganic salt无机盐hydroquinone 对苯二酚demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示forefront最前线，最前沿Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸anhydrous无水的phaseout消除HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化catalytic oxidation催化氧化governmental regulation政府规定pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体stereoselective立体选择性的ketone酮functional group官能团detrimental有害的chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体kilogram千克thermal stability热稳定性devastate破坏，蹂躏outline描绘，勾勒membrane technology膜技术production line生产线dairy牛奶water purification水净化lifetime寿命membrane module膜组件durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度chemical additive添加剂end-of-pipe solution 最终方案closed system封闭系统substitute取代，替代technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难wastewater treatment污水处理fouling污垢，发泡surface treatment表面处理applied Chemistry应用化学nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的prefix前缀alkane烷烃family族carbon skeleton碳骨架chain链Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根suffix后缀constitute取代物，取代基homologous series同系物branched chain支链烷烃parent母链，主链derivative衍生物substituent取代基locant位次，位标replicating prefix重复前缀词Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱analytical chemistry分析化学moving gas stream移动的气流heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数counteract抵消milliliter毫升essential oil香精油test mixture测试混合物sample样品helium氦argon氩carrier载体injection注射stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相detector检测器fraction collector馏分收集器columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积retention times保留时间high-performance高性能mobile phase移动相high-efficiency高效的analyte分析物plane chromatography薄层色谱capillary action毛细管作用assay分析化验fluorescence 荧光色，荧光retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子。
化工专业英语翻译(全21单元)
化学工程与工艺专业英语课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业.................................. - 2 - Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发................. - 7 - Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作........................................................................ - 13 - Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals化学资源........................... - 20 - Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品................................ - 25 - Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes氯碱及其相关过程.- 28 -Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea氯、硝酸和尿素... - 33 - Unit 8 Petroleum Processing石油加工........................... - 40 - Unit 9 Polymers 聚合物............................................... - 43 - Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学 - 49 -Unit 11 Chemical and Process Thermodynamics化工热力学.- 55 -Unit 12 What do we mean by transport phenomena ?如何定义传递现象 .................................................................... - 61 - Unit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering化学工程中的单元操作 .................................................................... - 66 -Unit14 Distillation蒸馏................................................. - 70 - Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption溶剂萃取，浸取和吸附 .............................................................. - 75 - Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying蒸发、结晶和干燥.............................................................................. - 81 - Unit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学反应工程.... - 88 - Unit18 Chemical Engineering Modeling化工建模 .......... - 95 - Unit 19 Introduction to Process Design过程设计简介 .... - 99 - Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineer材料科学和化学工程...................................................................... - 105 - Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment化学工业与环境-111 -Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化工专业英语 Chemical Industry and Environment
Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment化学工业与环境How can we seduce the amount of waste that is produced? And how we close the loop by redirecting spent materials and products into programs of recycling? All of these questions must be answered through careful research in the coming years as we strive to keep civilization in balance with nature.怎样才能减少产生废物的数量？我们怎样才能使废弃物质和商品纳入循环使用的程序？所有这些问题必须要在未来的几年里通过仔细的研究得到解决，这样我们才能保持文明与自然的平衡。
1.Atmospheric ChemistryCoal-burning power plants, as well as some natural processes, deliver sulfur compounds tothe stratosphere, where oxidation produces sulfuric acid particles that reflect away some of the incoming visible solar radiation. In the troposphere, nitrogen oxides produced by the combustion of fossil fuels combine with many organic molecules under the influence of sunlight to produce urban smog. The volatile hydrocarbon isoprene, well known as a building block of synthetic rubber, is also produced naturally in forests. And the chlorofluorocarbons, better known as CFCs, are inert in automobile air conditioners and home refrigerators but come apart under ultraviolet bombardment in the mid-stratosphere with devastating effect on the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer. The globally averaged atmospheric concentration of stratospheric ozone itself is only 3 parts in 10 million, but it has played a crucial protective role in the development of all biological life through its absorption of potentially harmful shout-wavelength solar ultraviolet radiation.1．大气化学燃煤发电厂像一些自然过程一样，也会释放硫化合物到大气层中，在那里氧化作用产生硫酸颗粒能反射入射进来的可见太阳辐射。
化工专业英语 unit 10-17 参考译文
1915 年，Althur D. Little，在一个关于麻省理工学院规划的报告中，将化学工程当作是“单元操作” 的研 究，这种观点囊括了 20 世纪化学工程学科的显著特征。Davis 提法成功的原因显而易见：该说法避免了揭 露由专利或技术所有者的沉默（reticence）所保护的具体化工过程的机密，在过去这些因素严重地阻止了制 造商去资助（training）培训的学术项目。Davis 利用将化学工业转变为可以独立研究的（separate）分离现 象而克服了这一困难，同时他也在大学的中试工厂或技术大学车间的进行研究工作。
在单元操作（intensive 密集）快速发展的这一个时期中，化学工程分析的其他传统工具开始被采用或 得到了广泛的开发，这些工具包括过程的物料和能量平衡的研究以及多组分体糸基础热力学的研究。
化学工程师在帮助美国及其盟军赢得二战发挥了关键作用。他们开发了天然橡胶资源的人造橡胶的合 成路线，天然橡胶资源在战争早期已经落于日本的手中。他们提供了建立原子弹所必要的“U-235”，通过一 步法将 u-235 生产过程从实验室生产放大到曾经所建立的最大的工业化工厂。他们对优化青霉素的生产方 面的帮助很大，青霉素生产挽救了成千上万的受伤士兵的生命。
Major English for Chemical Technology and Engineering
Unit 10-17 参考译文 ZhongshengChen ECIT
Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering ? 第十单元 什么是化学工程？
广义上，工程可以定义为某一特殊工业所用的技术和设备的科学描述。例如机械工程指的是，机械制 造所用的技术和设备（的描述）。机械工程主要是以机械力为基础，机械力用于改变工作物质的外表或物理 性质，而其化学性质不变。化学工程以高度复杂的化学或物化现象为基础，包括原料的化学处理过程。
精细化工专业英语
精细化工专业英语一、单词1. Surfactant- 英语释义：A substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved.- 用法：可作名词，在描述与降低液体表面张力相关的物质时使用。
- 例句：Surfactants are widely used in detergents to improve their cleaning ability.（表面活性剂广泛用于洗涤剂中以提高其清洁能力。
）2. Polymer- 英语释义：A large moleculeposed of many repeated subunits.- 用法：名词，用于表示由许多重复单元组成的大分子物质。
- 例句：This polymer has excellent mechanical properties.（这种聚合物具有优异的机械性能。
）3. Catalyst- 英语释义：A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction.- 用法：名词，在涉及化学反应速率加快且自身不被消耗的情况时使用。
- 例句：The catalyst made the reaction proceed much faster.（催化剂使反应进行得快得多。
）4. Emulsion- 英语释义：A mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable).- 用法：名词，描述两种或多种通常不互溶的液体的混合物。
- 例句：An emulsion of oil and water can be stabilized by adding an emulsifier.（通过添加乳化剂可以稳定油和水的乳液。
最新化工专业英语翻译(全21单元)01620资料
化学工程与工艺专业英语课文翻译Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业 ...................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 2 Research and Development研究和开发................................................................... - 3 -Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作............................ - 5 -Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals化学资源 ................................................................................. - 7 -Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品...................................................................................... - 9 -Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related Processes氯碱及其相关过程.......................................... - 10 -Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea氯、硝酸和尿素 ................................................... - 12 -Unit 8 Petroleum Processing石油加工 .............................................................................. - 15 -Unit 9 Polymers 聚合物 ................................................................................................... - 16 -Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学 .............................................. - 18 -Unit 11 Chemical and Process Thermodynamics化工热力学 ........................................... - 21 -Unit 12 What do we mean by transport phenomena ?如何定义传递现象 ...................... - 23 -Unit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering化学工程中的单元操作...................... - 24 -Unit14 Distillation蒸馏....................................................................................................... - 26 -Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption溶剂萃取，浸取和吸附................ - 28 -Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying蒸发、结晶和干燥................................. - 31 -Unit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering化学反应工程 ..................................................... - 33 -Unit18 Chemical Engineering Modeling化工建模 ............................................................. - 36 -Unit 19 Introduction to Process Design过程设计简介...................................................... - 37 -Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineer材料科学和化学工程........................... - 39 -Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment化学工业与环境 ......................................... - 42 -Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。
化工专业英语练习题 参考答案
练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。
分析化学英语全解
I. vocabularyabsorbance吸光度absorption 吸收acetic acid 乙酸acetone 丙酮acetonitrile 乙腈aliquot 等份（试液）aluminum foil 铝箔American Chemical Society (缩写ACS) 美国化学会ammonium acetate 乙酸铵analyst 化验师，化验员analytical chemistry 分析化学aqueous 水的，含水的argon 氩（气）autosampler 自动进样器beaker 烧杯bibliography 参考书目blender 混合器，搅拌机buffer solution 缓冲溶液burette 滴定管cartridge 柱管centrifugation 离心Chemical Abstracts (缩写CA) 化学文摘chemical analysis 化学分析chromatograph 色谱仪chromatogram色谱图cloud point extraction（缩写CPE）浊点萃取collision gas 碰撞气confidence level 置信水平conical flask 锥形瓶cone voltage 锥电压daughter ion 子离子desolvation gas 脱溶剂气derivatization 衍生化，衍生（作用）dichloromethane 二氯甲烷Diode array detector （缩写DAD）二极管阵列检测器dilution 稀释（n.）disperser solvent 分散剂dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction 分散液液微萃取distilled water 蒸馏水dropping pipet 滴管electrochemical analysis电化学分析electrode 电极electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱electrospray ionization (缩写ESI ) 电喷雾离子化eliminate 消除（v.）eluate 洗出液eluent 洗脱剂elute 洗脱(v.)elution 洗脱（n.）Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry 分析化学百科全书The Engineering Index （缩写EI ）工程索引enrichment factor 富集因子Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (缩写ELSD) 蒸发光散射检测器extract 萃取（v.）、萃取物(n.)extraction efficiency 萃取效率filter 过滤（v.）、过滤器(n.)filtrate 滤出液filtration 过滤fluorescence荧光fluorometry荧光分析法formic acid 甲酸funnel 漏斗gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (缩写GC–MS) 气相色谱-质谱gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry （缩写GC–MS/MS）气相色谱-串联质谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶过滤色谱法gel permeation chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法graduated cylinder 量筒high performance liquid chromatography (缩写HPLC) 高效液相色谱homogenate 匀浆(n.)homogenize 使均质，将……打成匀浆hydrophobic 疏水的identification 鉴定Impact Factor影响因子incubation time 温育时间Index to Scientific Technical Proceedings （缩写ISTP）科技会议录索引indicator 指示剂instrumental analysis 仪器分析inter-day precision 天间精密度intra-day precision 天内精密度interference 干扰internal standard 内标ion exchange chromatography离子交换色谱法ion source 离子源limit of detection （缩写LOD）检出限limit of quantitation (缩写LOQ)定量限linearity 线性linear range 线性范围linear regression equation 线性回归方程liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （缩写LC-MS/MS）液相色谱串联质谱liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （缩写LC-ESI-MS/MS）液相色谱电喷雾串联质谱liquid-liquid partition chromatography 液液分配色谱法liquid-solid adsorption chromatography 液固吸附色谱法mass analyzer 质量分析器Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪mass spectrum 质谱图mass-to-charge ratio 质荷比matrix effect 基质效应maximum absorption 最大吸收maximum value 最大值measuring pipet 吸量管methanol 甲醇micelle 胶束microwave assisted extraction 微波辅助提取minimum value 最小值mobile phase 流动相molar concentration摩尔浓度molarity 摩尔浓度mole 摩尔monograph专著Multiple-reaction monitoring 多反应监测(缩写MRM)negative ionization mode 负离子（化）模式nitrogen 氮（气）normal phase liquid chromatography正相液相色谱法nominal concentration 标示浓度optimization 优化outlier 离群值parent ion 母离子pipette 移液管polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 多环芳烃positive ionization mode 正离子(化)模式potentiometry电位法preconcentration 预浓缩precursor ion 前体离子（又称母离子）primary literature一次文献product ion 产物离子（又称子离子）quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry 四极杆-飞行时间质谱（缩写Q-TOF MS）qualitative analysis 定性分析quality assurance and quality control （缩写QA/QC）质量保证和质量控制quantification 定量quantitative analysis 定量分析reconstitute 重组、复溶（v.）recovery 回收率refractive index detector 折光指数检测器，示差折光检测器relative abundance 相对丰度relative standard deviation （缩写RSD）相对标准偏差reproducibility 重现性reversed phase liquid chromatography（缩写RPLC）反相液相色谱法Royal Society of Chemistry（缩写RSC）英国皇家化学会Science Citation Index （缩写SCI ）科学引文索引Science Citation Index Expanded (缩写SCIE) 科学引文索引扩展版Scientific notation 科学计数法signal to noise ratio （缩写S/N）信噪比size exclusion chromatography尺寸排除色谱法secondary literature二次文献solid-phase extraction （缩写SPE）固相萃取solid-phase microextraction （缩写SPME）固相微萃取spike 添加（v.）standard solution标准溶液stationary phase 固定相stirring bar 搅拌棒stoichiometric point化学计量点surfactant 表面活性剂supernatant 上清液syringe 注射器tap water 自来水Teflon 聚四氟乙烯tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃titrant 滴定剂titration滴定trace analysis 痕量分析Ultra performance liquid chromatography (缩写UPLC) 超高效液相色谱Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry 紫外/可见分光光度法vacuum 真空vessel 容器volumetric flask 容量瓶volumetric analysis容量分析法voltammetry 伏安法nanometer 纳米（nm）microgram 微克（ g）picogram 皮克（pg）milligram 毫克（mg）femtogram 飞克（fg）II. Terms and their definitionsAccuracy 准确度A measure of the agreement betweenan experimental result and its expected value. Analysis 分析A process that provides chemical or physicalinformation about the constituents in the sampleor the sample itselfAnalyte 被测物，被分析物The constituent of interest in asampleCalibration curve 校准曲线The result of a standardizationshowing graphically how a method’s signalchanges with respect to the amount of analyte. Calibration method 校准方法The basis of quantitative analysis:magnitude of measured property is proportional toconcentration of analyteChromophore 生色团 A functional group which absorbs acharacteristic ultraviolet or visible wavelength Gradient elution 梯度洗脱The process of changing the mobilephase’s solvent strength to enhance the separationof both early and late eluting solutes. Gravimetric analysis重量分析A type of quantitative analysis in whichthe amount of a species in a material is determinedby converting the species into a product that can beisolated and weighed.Isocratic elution 等度洗脱the use of a mobile phase whosecomposition remains constant throughout theseparation.Matrix 基质All other constituents in a sample except forthe analytesMethod blank 方法空白A sample that contains all componentsof the matrix except the analyte.Outlier 离群值Data point whose value is much larger orsmaller than the remaining data.Precision 精密度An indication of the reproducibility of ameasurement or resultQuantitative analysis 定量分析The determination of the amount of asubstance or species present in a material. Quantitative transfer 定量转移The process of moving a sample fromone container to another in a manner that ensures allmaterial is transferred.Selectivity 选择性 A measure of a method’s freedom frominterferences as defined by the method’s selectivitycoefficient.Significant figures 有效数字The digits in a measured quantity,including all digits known exactly and one digit (thelast) whose quantity is uncertain. Spectrophotometry 分光光度法. An analytical method that involveshow light interacts with a substanceStock solution 储备液 A solution of known concentrationfrom which other solutions are prepared. Titration curve 滴定曲线 A graph showing the progress of atitration as a function of the volume of titrant added. Validation （方法）确证，验证The process of verifying thata procedure yields acceptable results.Titration error 滴定误差The determinate error in a titration due tothe difference between the end point and theequivalence point.Robust method 广泛适用的方法A method that can be applied toanalytes in a wide variety of matricesRugged method 稳健的方法 A method that is insensitive to changes inexperimental conditionsMass Spectrometry 质谱法An analytical method which is based on ionization ofgas phase molecule followed by analysis of the masses of theions producedIII. Common knowledges1.Some key journals in Analytical Chemistry:Analytical ChemistryTrends in Analytical ChemistryJournal of Chromatography AJournal of Chromatography BAnalystAnalytica Chimica ActaTALANTACritical Reviews in Analytical ChemistryAnalytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryELECTROPHORESIS2. Types of articles published in scientific journals:Full Length Research PapersRapid CommunicationsReviewsShort CommunicationsDiscussions or Letters to the Editor(Some journals publish all types of articles, while others are devoted to only a single type.)3. The structure of a scientific paper:•Title•Authors (with affiliations and addresses)• Abstract (summary)• Key words•Introduction•Experimental•Results and discussion•Conclusion•Acknowledgement•References4. How to Read a Scientific Paper:Five Helpful Questions•1) WHY did they do this set of experiments?•2) HOW were the experiments actually done?•3) WHAT are the results?•4) WHAT can be concluded from the results?•5) Did they do everything correctly?5. Five-step analyzing process1) Identify and define the problem.2) Design the experimental procedure.3) Conduct an experiment and gather data.4) Analyze the experimental data.5) Report and suggestion.6．What are the main parts of a mass spectrometer?1)sample introduction system2)ion source3) mass analyzer4)detector5)vacuum system。
化工英语词典
化工英语词典是一本专门为化工行业从业人员和相关人士编写的专业词典，涵盖了化工领域的各个方面，包括化学反应、原料、工艺、设备、安全等。
以下是一些常见的化工英语词汇和解释，供您参考：
1. Chemical Reaction (化学反应)
化学反应是指物质之间发生化学变化的过程，是化工生产的基础。
常见的化学反应包括氧化、还原、分解、合成等。
2. Chemical Raw Material (化学原料)
化学原料是指用于生产化工产品的物质，是化工生产的主要原料之一。
常见的化学原料包括石油、天然气、无机盐、塑料等。
3. Process Equipment (工艺设备)
工艺设备是指化工生产中所使用的各种机械设备，包括泵、压缩机、换热器、反应器等。
4. Safety (安全)
化工生产中的安全是非常重要的一个问题，因为化工产品的危险性较高，涉及到化学品泄漏、火灾、爆炸等风险。
因此，化工生产中的安全要求非常严格。
除此之外，化工英语词典还涵盖了化工工艺、催化剂、溶剂、蒸馏、干燥等词汇和解释。
这些词汇和解释可以帮助化工行业从业人员更好地理解和掌握化工专业知识，提高工作效率和准确性。
在使用化工英语词典时，需要注意一些专业词汇的特殊用法和含义，例如化学方程式的书写、专业术语的翻译等。
同时，也需要结合具体的化工生产场景和实际操作经验，才能更好地理解和运用化工英语词汇。