读书报告MiR-216a, a link between endothelial dysfunction and autophagy
Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Reporter: XXX Supervisor: XXX
19
Result 3
a
As plaques
factors
As unstable As plaques miR-216a ↑ negative
BECN1 ↓ ATG5 ↓
Fig.3 miR-216a and autophagy-related genes in atherosclerosis and heart failure. n=65 20
Fig.2 miR-216a regulates the expression of BECN1 in endothelial cells. A216a: a specific antisense miR-oligonucleotide可以特异性的敲除miR-216a
15
Result 2
Protein PDLs44
Result 4
A
flow cytometric assay
流式细胞计数分析
miR-216a
ox-LDL autophagy
Fig.5 miR-216a overexpression blocked ox-LDL-induced autophagy and regulates ox-LDL accumulation and monocytes adhesion in PDLs8 HUVECs. 28
ATG5↓
indirect↓
Fig.2 miR-216a regulates the expression of BECN1 in endothelial cells.
14
Result 2
B
mRNA PDLs44
A216a ↑
miR-216a ↓
BECN1、ATG5 ↑
Result 4
miR-216a
ox-LDL
LC3 ↑
autophagy
Fig.5 miR-216a overexpression blocked ox-LDL-induced autophagy and regulates ox-LDL accumulation and monocytes adhesion in PDLs8 HUVECs. 29
Heart Failure
Fig.3 miR-216a and autophagy-related genes in atherosclerosis and heart failure.
Result 3
As & HF
ECs autophagy
LDL
ox-LDL
ATG5 ↓
miR-216a ↑
target negative
7
Result 1
A
protein
miR-216a ↑
aging
BECN1 ↓ ATG5 ↓
LC3 ↓ LC3 II/LC3 I ↓
autophagy Fig.1 Autophagy is impaired in HUVECs during aging. 8
Result 1
C
3’UTR
miR-216a
12
Result 2
A
mRNA PDLs8
ATG5↓
indirect
miR-216a ↑
target
BECN1 ↓
Fig.2 miR-216a regulates the expression of BECN1 in endothelial cells. 13
Result 2
protein PDLs8
C
miR-216a
autophagy
ox-LDL uptake ↑ ox-LDL degrade ↓
aging
Lysosome
LC3 BECN1 ATG5
proliferation
EC：内皮细胞 lysosome：溶酶体 proliferation: 增殖 BECN1（Beclin1）& ATG5：自噬必须基因 LC3：自噬标志蛋白
2
Objective
To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms linking
Result 4
B
protein PDLs8
miR-216a ox-LDL BECN1 ↑ ATG5 ↑ LC3B ↑ autophagy
Fig.4 miR-216a regulation of ox-LDL-induced autophagy genes in PDLs8 HUVECs. *P＜0.05, ***P＜0.0005 27
Myocardial biopsies
miRNA transfection Adhesion of monocytes to oxidized LDL-activated endothelial Cells
Immunofluorescence
Dil-ox-LDL incorporation study Cyto-ID autophagy detection assay
target
BECN1 3’UTR
autophagy 9
Fig.1 Autophagy is impaired in HUVECs during aging.
Result 1
D
miR-216a
ATG5 10
Fig.1 Autophagy is impaired in HUVECs during aging.
A216a ↑
miR-216a ↓
BECN1 ↑
Fig.2 miR-216a regulates the expression of BECN1 in endothelial cells. 16
Result 2
C
miR-216a ↑ ECs
BECN1 ↓
Fig.2 miR-216a regulates the expression of BECN1 in endothelial cells. HAECs: 人颈动脉内皮细胞 HCAECs: 人冠状动脉内皮细胞
Result 1
aging
EC dysfunction
ECs autophagy
As
ATG5 ↓ target
miR-216a ↑
BECN1↓
11
Result 2
MiR-216a negatively regulates endogenous BECN1 expression
in HUVECs.
2014 Jan 30
IF=5.177
nature publish group
MiR-216a: a link between endothelial dysfunction and autophagy
R Menghini1, V Casagrande1, A Marino1, V Marchetti1, M Cardellini1, R Stoehr1, S Rizza1, E Martelli2, S Greco3,
Result 4
As & HF
ECs autophagy
LC3
LDL
Ox-LDL
ATG5 ↓
miR-216a ↑
BECN1↓
30
Result 5
MiR-216a induces ox-LDL accumulation and monocyte adhesion
in HUVECs.
31
Result 5
BECN1↓
23
Result 4
MiR-216a overexpression inhibits ox-LDL-induced autophagy in HUVECs.
24
Result 4
A
mRNA PDLs8
miR-216a
ox-LDL
BECN1, ATG5, LC3 ↑
autophagy
Fig.4 miR-216a regulation of ox-LDL-induced autophagy genes in PDLs8 HUVECs. *P＜0.05, **P＜0.005, ***P＜0.0005 25
17
Result 2
aging
ECs autophagy
As
ATG5 ↓ target negative
miR-216a ↑
BECN1↓
In vivo
18
Result 3
The inverse correlation between miR-216a and autophagic
genes is conserved in vivo in human cardiovascular diseases.
aged ECs
BECN1、ATG5 ↓
autophagy
Fig.1 Autophagy is impaired in HUVECs during aging.
PDLs: population doubling levels PDLs8: 年轻细胞 PDLs44: 老细胞 BECN1 & ATG5：essential autophagy genes
5
Result 1
MiR-216a is upregulated and autophagy is impaired in aging
atonement读书报告
atonement读书报告读书报告是读完书后的心得报告。
并不是东抄一句，西抄一句，而是必须把握书中要点，再以自己的话句重加组织所整理出来的文章。
它必须具备两个必要条件：1、要读书没读书，信口开河，言之无物，不能称为读书报告。
2、要有心得心得，批评，意见整理，创见。
因此，读书心得报告就是读完一本或相关的几本书后，经过整理思考而写下的感想。
撰写的过程分成下列步骤骤：→选定项目→研拟初步大纲→收集资料→整理资料→拟定详细大纲→撰写报告读书报告的类型1、感发型：个人的直觉，以表明对该书的印象与感受。
2、论述型：析论该书之內容旨趣、结构、技巧、并评鉴其价值、地位影响。
3、擷摘型：摘引书中若干具有代表性之片段，夹叙夹议，籍以表彰该书之精神特质。
4、比较型：将该书与同类著作作一比较，衡量其得失优劣。
5、源流型：评价该书所涉及学科之渊源流变，然后具体剖析该书在学术范围之创获贡献。
以上类型可随需要交互使用，不必拘泥。
写作前的准备(一)培养适当的读书方法与技术1、先做纲要笔记。
2、将原书的序言、导论、目次先看一遍，然后分章节将要点记下。
3、如有批评或心得应随时记下。
4、重新综览笔记，然后将全书的內容大意，扼要而有系统的介绍并加以评论。
（可参见做读书笔记的方法）(二)选择阅读的书籍1、老师指定；2、学生自订；3、老师指定范围，学生自订。
(三)确立写作的內容与范围1、基本认知读书心得的內容，一般可分为客观描述与主观批评。
客观描述的重点在於所描述的书及其作者，如该书的主题、大纲、范围以及依据该书对作者写作技巧所下的评语。
主观批评的重点则在於写读书心得者本身，即你对该书的反应与评价；对其主题的看法与认识。
务必：知之为知之，不知为不知。
2、写作的重点内容（1）引言：关於书籍本书、作者、或书中议题加以概述。
（2）纵向之历史性回顾：对此问题的前人研究的回顾与其存在的优劣点。
（3）横向之生活经验：可以与书籍內容相启发的。
（4）个人感思：谈你的个人心得，阐述你的主题，对前人的褒贬等。
竖版英语读书报告
竖版英语读书报告Reading has always been a big part of my life. It's not just a hobby to me, but a way to escape reality and enter into different worlds where anything is possible. I love getting lost in a good book and immersing myself in the stories and characters that come to life on the pages.阅读一直是我生活中很重要的一部分。
对我来说，阅读不仅仅是一种爱好，更是一种逃避现实，进入不同世界的方式，在那里任何事情都有可能发生。
我喜欢沉浸在一本好书中，让自己沉浸在故事和人物中，他们在页页中生动起来。
One of the books that has had a profound impact on me is "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. This classic novel explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality in the American South during the 1930s. Through the eyes of young Scout Finch, readers are taken on a journey of self-discovery and empathy as she navigates the complexities of society.对我产生深远影响的一本书是哈珀·李（Harper Lee）的《杀死一只知更鸟》。
这部经典小说探讨了20世纪30年代美国南方的种族主义、不公正和道德主题。
picc文献读书报告范文
picc文献读书报告范文I can definitely help you with a literature review report on PICC. Let's get started!英文回答：PICC, or Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter, is a commonly used medical device for patients who require long-term intravenous treatments. It is inserted into a peripheral vein and advanced until the tip reaches a large central vein near the heart. This allows for easy administration of medications, fluids, and blood products without the need for repeated needle sticks.In my literature review, I found several key benefits of using PICC lines. For example, they can reduce the risk of infection compared to traditional central venous catheters. This is because PICC lines are inserted peripherally, away from the central venous system where the risk of infection is higher. Additionally, PICC lines aremore comfortable for patients and can be used for a longer duration, making them a cost-effective option for long-term therapy.On the other hand, there are also some potential complications associated with PICC lines. These can include thrombosis, malpositioning, and dislodgement of the catheter. It is important for healthcare providers to carefully monitor and maintain PICC lines to prevent these complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.Overall, my literature review has provided me with a better understanding of the benefits and risks of using PICC lines in clinical practice. By staying informed about the latest research and guidelines, I can provide the best possible care for my patients who require this type of intravenous access.中文回答：PICC，即外周插入中心导管，是一种常用的医疗器械，适用于需要长期静脉治疗的患者。
百年孤独读书报告
百年孤独读书报告（完整文档）One Hundred Years of Solitude 1. Basic Information about the Book This book was written by García Márquez, a famed Colombian writer who won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1982 because of his great and positive influence on the Latin American literatu re circle. This book’ s name is one hundred years of solitude, which is in the style of magic realism, a writing skill bines the reality and fantasy. This book is worth reading and to know the whole history of South America. 2. Summary Writer to vivid strokes, vivid portrait of the character of many characters, describes the loneliness of the spirit of the family. In this family, between husband and wife, between father and son, between mother and daughter, brothers and sisters, not the feelings of munication, lack of trust and understanding. This is not only filled with loneliness and Asia in the Boone family and more than the town of Macon, and the infiltration of the narrow-minded thinking, e an obstacle to national progress, national progress, a great burden.Writers to write this, is to unite the people of Latin America to work together out of loneliness. Therefore, “One Hundred Years of Solitude" steeped in the loneliness of the main connotation ofsuffering should be the whole of Latin America have been excluded inthe process of the modern civilized world outside of resentment and protest, is an author of nearly a hundred years the history of Latin America, as well as the people of this continent"s unique vitality, survival, and imagination to the formation of a unique study of stubborn self-confidence.Finally, it is noteworthy that the history of the book dignified the connotation of sharp criticism of vision, profound self-examination of national culture, the myth of massive metaphor system by a fresh it always runs through the mystery of language. Some critics believe that the novel es from the mouth of 8-year-old children, Garcia Marquez said this was not too pleased. This is a profound eyes judge. Because such an intuitive, simple and effective language to reflect a new perspective, a backward nation (human child) of self-consciousness. The parties to replace the bitter tears of the spectators, "fool" feel the pains of self-expression to replace the "wise man" looks like a fair criticism and analysis, but also those who received a raise was to fool the objective groups in the effect of deep introspection. 3 .My React ionIn order to know what the book tells and expresses rough, I firstly read the Chinese version and then to the English version. But at the first time I didn’ t understand what meaning did the author wants to express. So I read the Chinese version again. The reason why I feel plex isthat almost everyone called the same names and you cannot predict accurately anyone future because he might dies or be insane ,or even has a sex with his aunt or his bigger brother mistress and then have a baby who will also be called the same name as the baby’ s father all of a sudden.But as go on reading, because of the fascinating expression, pact structure and fancy writing skill, you will be addicted to imagining all the characters in your mind and chat with them and then gradually touch the deepest and softest part of their hearts to feel their eternal solitude. Surely you will and understand their crazy actions are all forced by the fearful solitude. García Márquez makes up a town called Macondo and the protagonists——the Buendías, lives there for more than one hundred years. During this period, the Buendías goes from prosper ity to decay and everyone dies with solitude. In my opinion, solitude is the only theme of Seven generations of the Boone Dia family, each people of this family don’ t like having a heart-to-heart talk and they release pressure only through sex. On the other hand, it represents the period of the rise and fall of the South American.Some people say the Macondo which is described by García Márquez is his hometown. I think it maybe its really the hometown of author, but it not important, García Márquez wan ts to tell us everyone is solitude and anyone cannot avoiding it. And the end of the story, Mel Kia Des’ spredict is came tune, the finally generation of Boone Dias who has pig tail is eaten by ants. Maybe you feel a little upset it the end of story, and don’ t know how to express your feeling at the bottom of your heart. During the time goes you will understand why you have that feeling, you will find the real solitude is e from being fatuous. When you feel there is no more fun in the world and you ca n’ t control yourself to be crazy to do ridiculous things, you will feel the solitude arising from the bottom of your heart. You are lack of the reverence for the world, so you look down upon everything and do things at your will. But you know, the more you appear to be dissolute, the more alone you will feel for yourself. 4. Appreciation of som e w ell-w rit t ensen t en ces 1.Many years later as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano buendia was to remember that distant afternoon when his father take him to discover ice. 2. We fought all those wars and all of it just so that we didn’ t have to paint our houses blue. 3. The past was lie, the memory has no return that every spring gone by could never be recovered, and that the wildest and most tenacious love was an ephemeral truth in the end. 4. The secret of a good old age is simply an honorable pact with solitude. 5. A person doesn’ t die when he should but when he can. 6. The anxiety of failing in love couldn’ t find repose expect i n bed. 7. One minute of reconciliation is worth more than a whole life of friendship. 8.For it was foreseen that the city of mirrors (or mirages) would be wiped out by the wind and exiledfrom the memory of men at the precise moment when Aureliano Babilonia would finish decipheringthe parchments, and that everything written on them was unrepeatable since time immemorial andforever more, because races condemned to one hundred years of solitude did not have asecond opportunity on earth 9. “Death really did no t matter to him but life did, and therefore the sensation he felt when they gave their decision was not a feeling of fear but of nostalgia.”10. “In that Macondo forgotten even by the birds, where the dust and the heat had e so strong that it was difficult to breathe, secluded by solitude and love and by the solitude of love in a house where it was almost impossible to sleep because of the noise of the red ants, Aureliano, and Amaranta Úrsula were the only happy beings, and the most happy on the face of the earth.”From this book I learned what is the really solitude, is not easily has no body around you .the really solitude is you can feel no warm, no happiness, no be cared when the people around you.。
静疗文献读书报告范文
静疗文献读书报告范文I have recently read a book on the topic of art therapy, and I found it to be incredibly insightful and thought-provoking. The book discussed how art therapy can be usedas a form of healing and self-expression for individuals dealing with various emotional and psychological challenges.One of the key points that stood out to me was the idea that art therapy allows individuals to communicate and express their thoughts and feelings in a non-verbal way. This can be especially beneficial for those who maystruggle to articulate their emotions through words alone. For example, I remember a case study in the book where a young girl who had experienced trauma was able to process her feelings and experiences through painting and drawing. This helped her to work through her emotions and eventually find healing and closure.Another aspect of art therapy that I found fascinating was the concept of using art as a way to explore andunderstand the subconscious mind. Through creating art, individuals can tap into their inner thoughts and feelings, sometimes uncovering hidden emotions or memories that they may not have been consciously aware of. This process ofself-discovery can be incredibly powerful and transformative.Overall, reading this book has given me a deeper appreciation for the power of art therapy and how it can be used as a tool for healing and personal growth. I believe that the creative process can be incredibly therapeutic and can help individuals to connect with themselves on a deeper level. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in exploring the intersection of art and psychology.---。
运用引议联结的读后感钢铁是怎样炼成的
运用引议联结的读后感钢铁是怎样炼成的英文版"The Making of Steel" is a classic novel written by Russian author Nikolai Ostrovsky. The novel tells the story of a young man named Pavel Korchagin, who overcomes numerous obstacles and challenges to become a successful steelworker. Through his perseverance and determination, Pavel learns the value of hard work, sacrifice, and loyalty.One of the key themes in the novel is the power of unity and solidarity. Throughout the story, Pavel and his fellow workers face various hardships and injustices, but they are able to overcome them by standing together and supporting each other. This sense of camaraderie and mutual respect helps them to achieve their goals and ultimately succeed in their endeavors.Another important aspect of the novel is the idea of self-improvement and personal growth. Pavel starts off as a young and naive boy, but through his experiences and interactions with others, he matures and becomes a strong and capable individual. His journey is a testament to the transformative power of hard work and determination.Overall, "The Making of Steel" is a powerful and inspiring novel that highlights the importance of unity, perseverance, and self-improvement. It serves as a reminder that success is not achieved overnight, but through dedication, hard work, and the support of others.运用引议联结的读后感钢铁是怎样炼成的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》是俄罗斯作家尼古拉·奥斯特洛夫斯基的经典小说。
少年维特之烦恼 英文版 读书报告
The Sorrows of Y oung WertherThe writer of The Sorrows of Young Werther is Johann Wolfgang V on Goethe.He was born in Frankfurt am Main,Germany in1749,and died at the age of eighty-two.Goethe is a thinker ,novelist, playwright ,poet, physicist, artist and politician.As a writer of literary theory ,statesman and physicist,he is the most famous representative of classicism in Weimar,and he is the greatest Germanic writer as an litterateur .His father is strict and serious,in contrast the mother is considerate .Both of them have great influence on Goethe.His life across two centuries, when the European social turbulence of the era of great change. The growing collapse of the feudal system, the revolutionary forces continue to decline prompted Goethe undergo advanced thinking, so as to enhance their sense of social awareness and to create the best contemporary works. Goethe is the important representative in Sturm and Dang in German,so his works almost reflect the rebellious spirit.His body of work includes epic and lyric poetry written in a variety of styles; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany,anatomy, and color; and four novels. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, and more than 10,000 letters,nearly 3,000 drawings. Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther are his famous works.This is an epistolary novel.Werther is a talented artist who are young and sensitive but has a very good taste in nature and art.He falls in love with Charlotte who is the daughter of a local judge during living in a village.Charlette is a considerate and tender woman and has resonance with Werther about many minds.She likes him,too.However,Charlette has been engaged with a good and successful man named Albert,so Werther has to leave for another place with pain.Unfortunately,Werther is still so desperate and painful because of feudal hierarchy and prejudice that his sensitive heart can’t accept those people’s pedantic and hypocritical behaviors and minds.When he returns again,though Charlette has married with Albert,his passion about love doesn’t fade away.He can’t stop himself missing and visiting Charlette but he respects Charlette and doesn’t dest roy her family.As a result,Werther shoot himself with a pistol lent from Albert.The Sorrows of Young Werther is an autobiography.When Goethe interned in Tanothhe Empire Supreme Court in Wetzlar,he met the young Charlette Buff and fell in love with her.But Charlette Buff had engaged with Johann Christian Kestner,a legal worker.In her father’s opinion,Kestner was more reliable and calmer thanGoethe who was young and talented in art,and that time Goethe wanted to be an artist instead of a lawyer.So Goethe had to leave her.After that,he met another girl named Anna who was the daughter of a council adviser,but he failed again.Differently,Goethe didn’t take his own life but continued writing compared with Werther.The figure Charlette described in the novel is the combination about Charlette Buff and Anna.The more important content of this novel is about a tragedy of love among Werther,Charlette and Albert.The first time Werther meets Charlette,she dresses herself in a simple white robe trimmed with pink ribbons and is cutting loaf for the little ones all around.In addition,the resonance between them towards things and figures are so intense.Werther is attracted by the simple girl’s simplicity and resolution but the most important is the inner world.Werther’s love is so genuine.Werther’s love has no social purpose but pure emotions.He loves Charlette with all his energy and attention.He respects her personal intents and doesn’t force Charlette to be with her.Particularly,he represses his enthusiastic passion when knowing Charlette has been engaged.The Sorrows of Young Werther was published in 1774.This novel makes many people living in that time touched by and weep for Werther’s tragedy,even killed themselves after reading the novel.Then what cause Werther’s love t ragedy?I think we have two main reasons:First,the social situation.In 18th century,Europe was facing the important social revolution,French Revolution would break out.The era of capitalism was on the way,but feudal influence was still very strong.In order to relief his pain and forget the love,Werther decides to leave the village to work.But the fact is that he feels more desperate.For example,once Werther visits The Court of C and attend in an assembly.However,the people look upon him and don’t want to sta y with him as a result of classes.Besides,he feels it so hard to find someone who really pays attention to his heart.Second,his own sensitive emotions.He is a talented artist and shows his aspiration,sympathy and disgust to the nature and humanity.When he can’t stop himself loving Charlette,he chooses to hide away.But he never gives up actually.Hence,he has to take his own life in order to finish invincible pains.It’s said that Napoleon Bonaparte, the famous French emperor,has read this novel for several times and carried it during wars.The story about Werther has influences in the whole Europe even world.First,it shows us, especially adults ,how to love with respect,equality and sincerity.Every person will experience the process of loving and be loved.To love is a mark that we say goodbye to childishness and we should cope with love wisely and morally.Second,equal and liberal love and marriages are oppressed by feudal autocracy and Zion and they only support grade marriages and arranged marriages.Many people weigh the love with prices.Incontrast,Werther’s love is respectable,pure and liberal and it shocks the feudal moral awareness so strongly.Third,the young intellectuals have been oppressed for a long time and they are so sensitive and painful.They long for equality and liberty enthusiastically.Just The Sorrows of Young Werther expresses their hope so that they become the body of readers.Fourth,the type of writing is particular compared with other books.The epistolary style leads us to understand the figu re’s inner minds and emotions.In the many letters written by Werther,it shows us the nature’s beauty and the process about Werther’s beautiful but painful love story.How sensitive and sincere Werther is!When we read these letters,we smile,laugh,annoy,cry and weep just like what Werther has done.I think that’s why so many people have resonances with the Werther and Goethe.Many people express their sympathy to Werther’s suicide,the reason is tha t Werther tries hard to achieve professional success so that he can relief the pains from love,but unfortunately he fails and push himself into the ending of live.Of course, in that time and terrible social situation,his suicide is worthy of sympathy.However,he is also coward and lonely.He fills his heart with sadness and hopelessness and cries for the hope.But the new world are approaching,hope doesn’t disappear and the personal success can be achieved. We admire his love, but we can’t admire his suicide. He killed himself ,and also killed his love. After the death, his love came to be a history, it never can came true..Nowadays,we live in 21th century.Our society are a liberal society and we support liberality and equality.The love and marriages are free and never oppressed by the class and church.There is no doubt that we are fortunate and it is the reasonable results of development.The Sorrows of Young Werther is still a very famous novel,and it has many educational values,such as how to deal with the barriers on our way to the heaven of love,how to understand our emotions and control them,and so on. The novel can contributes to our love experience and live.This is a wonderful novel which is worth reading.I hope you will be the next reader.。
跨文化交际--读书报告 完整版
The Book Report on Intercultural CommunicationNow we are in an era of globalization, the connection between different people with various cultural backgrounds becomes closer and closer, so it is the high time that we should have an awareness to admit the diversity of cultures and respect the difference of cultures. In this book, we can have a general understanding of the intercultural communication. To be exact, it demonstrates some theories to help us to achieve effective communication; also it points out some barriers preventing the effective communication and lastly gives us some suggestions on how to communicate smoothly and effectively when we are in different contexts as well as how to improve our intercultural communication competence. In this report, I will try to write down what I have learned in each chapter and then talk about my personal view on intercultural communication.1，The knowledge I learn from Intercultural Communication1)cultureFrom chapter one, we can know that culture is the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. It has five characteristics, that is to say, culture is learned, dynamic, pervasive, integrated and adaptive. Everyone has its cultural identity whether it is examined or conscious or not. In addition, under the influence of these factors such as economic, politic, race, social class and the like, we human beings formulate the subculture, co-culture and the subgroups which are deviant and temporary.2)Communication and intercultural communicationFrom chapter two, we can learned that the process of communication is composed by 9 parts, namely, sender message encoding channel receiver decoding feedback and noise and context in order. The communication process is dynamic, systematic, symbolic, irreversible, transactional, self-reflective and contextual. Wha t’s more, culture is closed related to communication. Besides that, we can also learn that there are four main forms of intercultural communication including international communication, interracial communication, interethnic communication and intracultural communication.3)culture’s influence on perceptionFrom chapter three, we can learn that culture, which teaches us how to process and understand the information obtained from our senses, plays an important part in our perception. The process of perception is divided into three stages. When we select some message we need from our various senses, then we will organize these useful messages and finally interpret them. Sometimes we need to overcome barriers to accurate perception, such as ignoring details, over-generation, focusing on thenegative and so on. So it is essential for us to improve our perceptual skills in intercultural communication. They are listed as follows:Increase our understanding of the perceptual processIncrease our observation acuityCheck our perceptionIncrease our awareness of perceptual inaccuracies and compensate for themRecognize the elements to which you contribute meaning.Develop social decentering, empathy, and other-orientation4)intercultural communication barriersFrom chapter 4, the author mainly talks about the intercultural communication barriers from three perspectives, namely, emotional, attitudinal and translation barrier. When we are not familiar with another culture, we will sometimes fell anxious and uncertain. We always assume the similarity instead of difference and take our own culture for granted. With regard to attitudinal problems, we are usually influenced by the sense of ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism due to our early socialization and social economic and psychological benefits. As for the translation problems, we need to guarantee the equivalence of vocabulary, idioms, grammar and syntax, experience, and concepts.5)Verbal intercultural coommunictionFrom chapter five, the author talks about the verbal communication. Verbal communication is achieved by language as well as cultural literacy. The meaning of words comes out of the context. There are five verbal communication styles in this chapter: derect/indirect; self-enhancement/self-effacement; elaborate/exacting/succinct; personal/contextual and instrumental/affective. In addition, languages are various from countries to countries, regions to regions and have different functions. We have dialects, sociolects, pidgin, taboo, euphemism and lingua franca which will make the communication more difficult. Finally the verbal communication can affect the written communication, especially in business written form. We need to adjust our way of writing when we approach different people with different cultural backgrounds, either in direct plan or indirect plan.6)Nonverbal intercultural coommunictionFrom chapter six, we know that apart from verbal communication, nonverbal communication, sending messages without using words, can also deliver more information to us as well as reflect our subconsciousness spontaneously. Nonverbal communication codes in a communicating setting can be divided into different categories, such as paralanguage, silence, proxemics, chronemiccs, oculesics, olfactics, haptics, kinesics, chromatics and attire. For example, when you are silent in a discussion, it will have some implications. Firstly, you are not for the ideas others put forward. Secondly, you are lack of ideas. Thridly, you are shy to express yourself.7)Cultural patternFrom chapter seven, we know shared beliefs, values, norms, and social practices that are stable over time and that lead to roughly similar behaviours across similar situations are known as cultural patterns. It affects our ways of thinking and acting. Wha t’s more, Edward T Hall’s introduces the high-context communication and the low context-communication that are essential to effective communication. In high-context communication, information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence and don’t rely on verbal communication as their main information channel while the latter deliver the information mainly through the verbal messages. Then Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck put forward the value orientation, including human nature,person-nature, activity and relation. Lastly Hofstedde has identified four value dimensions that have a significant impact on behavior in all cultures. These dimensions are individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and masculinity and femininity.8)Cultural influences on contextsIn chapter eight, we can know that meaning in communication is basically decided by context. Context may consist of the social, political, and historical structures in which the communication occurs. Communication in three areas is most influenced by context：business, education and health care. In the business field, management has become a crucial issue and the managing styles vary from culture to culture. In addition to management, business practices such as gift giving, negotiation, greetings are also posing problems for the business interaction. Also, people in different educational background hold different cultures’ beliefs, values and norms. Similarly, health care professionals rely on the context. The different concerns about reasons for illness, family member roles, gender roles and language prove to be problematic in the health context. So if we want to achieve smooth communication across different cultures, we need to be willing to accept and understand the different cultural patterns.9)Intercultural adaptationIn chapter nine, we learn about the intercultural adaptation. When we come into a new culture, we need to know how to adapt to a new culture. Many foreigners will face culture shock which is a double sword. We need to master some strategies for avoiding culture shock and engaging in intercultural adaptation. Firstly, we need to study the host culture and the local environment. Secondly, it is necessary to learn basic verbal and nonverbal language skills. Thirdly, we need to develop intercultural relationship with host nations and maintain an intimate social network. Fourthly, assuming the principle of difference and anticipating the failure events is helpful in intercultural adaptation.10)Intercultural communication competenceIn the last chapter, we learn that intercultural competence is now more vital than before because of economic, technological, demographic, and social justice concerns. Having a good competent intercultural communication can help us fulfill our objectives and make our behaviors appropriate to the context and at the same time to maintain a good relationship with the people we approach. Intercultural competence includes individual component and contextual component. What’s more, there are four dimensions of intercultural competence-knowledge, affective, psychomotor and situational features dimension. So in order to be successful intercultural communicator, we need to develop skills to and strategies. Such as♦Work to emphasize areas of similarity wit others♦Try to accept differing opinion♦Make your verbal messages consistent with your nonverbal messages♦Avoid dominating conversation♦Avoid being submissive in conversation♦Be a affirmer2，My view on intercultural communication1)The use and the importance t of intercultural communicationBefore I read this book, I have thought the culture conflicts exist between different countries with different culture background, but I am wrong, intercultural communication exists everywhere. People cannot live without intercultural communication. Even when they are alone or silent, people are bombarded with communication. Human communication is the ability to use language, the ability to exchange ideas with people around us in different cultures. Communication with others is inevitable to human beings. Communication which is very important to our humans is the vehicle by which people initiate, maintain, and terminate their relationships with others. so intercultural communication is becoming pervasive because of the development of transportation and technology.The intercultural communication is applied into many fields, such as economic, politic, education, technology, health care and so on. And we cannot deny that culture communication is a double sword. If we can have good command of different culture a nd follow the host’s culture, it will bring a lot of benefits to ourselves, if not, we will suffer from this.With the rapid development of the modern society, the benefits of the Intercultural communication become more and more obvious.Firstly, communicating and establishing relationships with people from different cultures can lead to a whole host of benefits, including healthier communities; increased international, national, and local commerce; reduced conflict; and personal growth through increased tolerance.Secondly, due to through open and honest intercultural communication, peoplecan work together to achieve goals that benefit everyone, regardless of group or culture, including the global community in the home, business, or neighborhood. Healthy communities support all community members and strive to understand, appreciate, and acknowledge each member. Our ability to interact with persons from different cultures brought us many benefits.Thirdly, because of cross-cultural exchange, we can learn about the other countries’ way of life, also we can understand their industry structure. Thus we can do commercial exchanges and academic communication with them. Only through the exchange, we can get more academic knowledge, our communication will be easier and there will be less conflict between people of different cultures.2)The ways to improve our intercultural communication skillsIn regard to improving our intercultural communication skills, firstly, we have to recognize that we will make mistakes, learn from them, adapt, and move on. A good beginning point is to recognize that people from different cultures are different—not better or worse, but simply different. Besides that, we shouldn’t take our own culture for granted. If we are able to do this, we can adjust and adapt our verbal and nonverbal messages accordingly and become proficient communicators.Secondly, educate ourselves about different cultures. Be open to learning about culture and develop a sincere interest in learning about others. If this is a work-related situation, inquire with Human Resources to see if there are courses or activities related to intercultural training. If you have encountered a new friend, search the internet or go to the library to find out facts about his cultural history.Thirdly, Pay attention to our tone and our body languages in speech. Understand that many cultures give specific meaning to tone and body language. What may be a simple reaction to us could be seen as disrespectful. Be aware of when and how we laugh during interactions. Raising our voice or intonation at certain times may be seen as aggressive.Fourthly, try to remove slangs or idioms from our speech especially we talk someone from different cultural backgrounds. Many words in slang are misunderstood across cultures. Slang is specific to culture and many times does not communicate in the same way across cultures. For example, in England a "fag" is a cigarette and an acceptable term. In the United States, this is seen as a derogatory term.In a word, in order to be a good and efficient communicator, it is essential for us to realize and learn these theories I talk above, show respect to the culture differences and accept the cultural diversity.。
英文书籍阅读报告——Tuesdays With Morrie3
• Morrie suffered from ASL disease.Morrie decided to use the remaining time to teach his life experience and feelings to his favorite students, and spend 14 Tuesdays to start a series of life dialogues. There is no textbook or reading list for this course, but the topics covered include love, work, family, community, forgiveness, old age And death.
by Your Name
CONTENTS
• 1 Author • 2 Main Characters • 3 Plot Summary • 4 My Favorite Lines
Part One
Author
• Mitch Albom was born in 1958 in New Jersey and spent most of his youth in Philadelphia. In 1979, he graduated from Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts with a Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1995, he began to collect information for the book Tuesdays with Morrie, which records the various discussions about the meaning of life between him and Murray at Murray's home every Tuesday. After entering the 21st century, he has published a new day, time guardian and other works.
williamtellandotherstories读后感
williamtellandotherstories读后感【原创实用版3篇】篇1 目录1.概述《威廉·泰尔及其他故事》的内容2.分析书中的主要角色和故事情节3.探讨作者在书中表达的思想和价值观4.分享个人读后的感悟和启示篇1正文《威廉·泰尔及其他故事》是一部包含多个短篇故事的书籍，每个故事都以瑞士历史上的传奇英雄威廉·泰尔为主角，展示了他为民族独立和自由而奋斗的英勇事迹。
这本书通过讲述威廉·泰尔的故事，向读者传达了勇敢、智慧、爱国等价值观，为我们提供了很多启示。
书中的故事情节跌宕起伏，紧张刺激。
威廉·泰尔在故事中展现出了顽强的毅力和聪明才智，他不仅在战场上英勇杀敌，还善于利用智慧化解危机。
这些故事描绘了一个个生动的历史场景，使读者仿佛置身于当时的瑞士，感受到民族独立的艰辛和为自由而战的信念。
在书中，作者通过对威廉·泰尔及其他角色的刻画，传达了一些深刻的思想。
例如，书中强调了民族自尊和民族独立的重要性，提醒人们要时刻捍卫自己的国家和民族。
同时，书中也表现了勇敢、智慧、忠诚等品质，强调了这些品质在一个人成长过程中所发挥的重要作用。
阅读这本书后，我深受启发。
威廉·泰尔的英勇事迹让我明白了勇敢和毅力的重要性，激励我在面对困难时要勇往直前。
同时，书中传达的价值观也让我更加珍视自己的民族文化和国家，意识到每个人都有责任为国家和民族的发展做出贡献。
总之，《威廉·泰尔及其他故事》是一部充满教育意义的书籍，通过讲述传奇英雄的故事，向我们传递了勇敢、智慧、爱国等价值观。
篇2 目录1.概述《威廉·泰尔及其他故事》的内容2.分析书中的主要角色和故事情节3.探讨作者在故事中传达的主题和价值观4.评价本书的文学价值和启示篇2正文《威廉·泰尔及其他故事》是一部集结了多个传统瑞士民间故事的书籍，其中最著名的故事莫过于“威廉·泰尔”。