定语从句及其引导词用法
定语从句及其引导词用法 一、基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有：when, where, why.
二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3． 作定语用whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4． 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法： 1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did i
t. (三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during„) + which; where = in (at, on„) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只 能引导限制性定语从句。
三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如： I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有 唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个） 4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而 是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如： He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. 注：（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。 They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. （2）从意义上讲，which指前面主句的内容；而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常 识性的东西，因此常译成“就象„ „那样”。 （3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则用which，而不用as，如： She stole her friend’s money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which upset me. 5．在正式文体中，以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以in which或 that 引导，如： The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. 但在非正式文体中，人们通常省略in which或 that : The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
定语从句的引导词和结构总结
定语从句的引导词和结构总结一、引导词和结构定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句，常用的引导词有关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词- 引导人：who, whom, whose- 引导物：which, that- 引导人或物：whoever, whomever, whichever2. 关系副词- 引导地点：where- 引导时间：when- 引导原因：why二、引导词的使用1. 关系代词的使用- who 和 whom：修饰人，who作主语或表语，whom作宾语；- whose：表示所属关系，修饰人或物；- which：修饰物，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语；- that：既可修饰人又可修饰物，常用于口语和非正式写作中；- whoever 和 whomever：引导名词性定语从句，whoever用于主语位置，whomever用于宾语位置；- whichever：引导名词性定语从句，谓语动词常用单数形式。
2. 关系副词的使用- where：表示地点，修饰地点的名词；- when：表示时间，修饰时间的名词；- why：表示原因，修饰原因的名词。
三、定语从句的结构1. 限制性定语从句- 不用逗号和外主句隔开，对主句内容进行限制；- 关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
2. 非限制性定语从句- 用逗号和主句隔开，对主句进行补充说明，不对主句内容进行限制；- 关系代词不可省略。
四、例句1. 关系代词的例句- The man who is standing over there is my father.（who修饰人，作主语）- I have a friend whose father works in the hospital.（whose修饰人或物，表示所属关系）- The book which/that is lying on the desk belongs to me.（which/that修饰物，作主语）- Do you know anyone that can help us?（that修饰人或物，作宾语）- Whichever option you choose, I will support you.（whichever引导名词性定语从句）2. 关系副词的例句- This is the place where I was born.（where修饰地点的名词）- The day when we first met was unforgettable.（when修饰时间的名词）- I still don't understand why he did that.（why修饰原因的名词）以上是对定语从句的引导词和结构进行的总结，希望对你有帮助。
中的定语从句的引导词及其省略规则总结
中的定语从句的引导词及其省略规则总结定语从句是英语语法中的重要部分，它可以用来修饰名词或代词，并且通常由一个引导词引导。
在定语从句中，有许多引导词可以使用，每个引导词有其固定的用法和省略规则。
本文将对定语从句的引导词及其省略规则进行总结。
一、引导词的种类及其用法1. 关系代词（Relative Pronouns）关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, 和whose。
其中that和which可修饰人或物，who和whom仅修饰人，而whose表示所有关系。
例句：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（that引导的定语从句修饰book）- The girl who is talking to Tom is my sister.（who引导的定语从句修饰girl）- This is the house whose roof was damaged in the storm.（whose引导的定语从句修饰house）2. 关系副词（Relative Adverbs）关系副词包括where, when, 和why。
它们分别用来引导修饰地点、时间和原因的定语从句。
例句：- I still remember the day when we first met.（when引导的定语从句修饰day）- This is the village where my grandparents were born.（where引导的定语从句修饰village）- I don't know the reason why he didn't come.（why引导的定语从句修饰reason）二、引导词的省略规则在定语从句中，有时可以省略引导词，以避免重复或简化句子结构。
引导词的省略规则如下：1. 当定语从句修饰非人的先行词时，关系代词who和whom可以被省略。
定语从句引导词
定语从句引导词定语从句是英语中一个重要的语法结构，用来修饰名词或代词。
定语从句引导词在句子中起着引导定语从句的作用，有多种形式，包括关系代词和关系副词。
本文将介绍定语从句引导词的用法和例句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句主要有：that, which, who, whom, whose等。
它们分别指代先行词在句子中的不同角色。
1. that关系代词that可指代人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- The car that she bought last month is red.2. which关系代词which指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：- This is the computer which I use for work.- The building which was destroyed in the fire will be rebuilt.3. who关系代词who指代人，在定语从句中作主语。
例如：- The man who is standing over there is my father.- She is the girl who won the singing competition.4. whom关系代词whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。
例如：- The student whom the teacher praised is very diligent.- I have a friend whom I can always rely on.5. whose关系代词whose用来表示所属关系，修饰物或人。
例如：- This is the company whose products are well-known worldwide. - The girl whose father is a doctor wants to become a nurse.二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句主要有：where, when, why等。
定语从句引导词的用法
定语从句引导词的用法
一、that的用法
1 、在定语从句中，that 引导的定语从句，在句中作宾语或状语。
① 作宾语：
We discussed something about the plan 〔that〕we thought was realistic.
我们讨论了一些我们认为现实可行的关于计划的事情。
他工作很努力，几乎未能把所有工作做完。
2、在含有介词的定语从句中，that 几乎不用，介词后面直接接定语从句。
这就是她从哪里获得资金的原因。
他找到了他要找的钥匙。
这就是她曾经工作的那栋建筑物。
三、whose的用法
1、whose 引导定语从句，其意思是“…的”，它只能指人，一般在句中作定语。
头发乱糟糟的女孩走进了房间。
2、whose 也可以替代 of which 来引导定语从句，但只能用于某些句型中。
He is the teacher 〔whose〕books I read.
他就是我读过书的老师。
定语从句的用法
定语从句的用法定语从句是英语中一种非常常见的从句结构，用于修饰名词或代词，从而进一步说明或限制其含义。
定语从句在句子中起到提供额外信息的作用，使得句子更加清晰明了。
本文将介绍定语从句的用法，并提供一些例子来帮助理解。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词包括关系代词和关系副词。
其中，关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which，关系副词包括when, where, why。
1. 关系代词：- that：用于指人和物，常用于限定性定语从句中；- who：用于指人，常用于非限定性定语从句中；- whom：用于指人，在口语中较少使用，常用于非限定性定语从句中；- whose：用于指人和物，表示所属关系；- which：用于指物，常用于限定性定语从句中。
2. 关系副词：- when：用于指时间；- where：用于指地点；- why：用于指原因。
二、限定性定语从句限定性定语从句用来对先行词进行具体限制和说明，如果去掉这个从句，句子的意思就不完整或不清楚。
定语从句与先行词之间可以使用关系代词或关系副词来引导。
下面是一些限定性定语从句的例子：1. 关系代词引导的限定性定语从句：- I have a friend who can speak multiple languages.（我有一个会说多种语言的朋友。
）- The book that I borrowed from the library is really interesting.（我从图书馆借来的那本书真的很有趣。
）2. 关系副词引导的限定性定语从句：- The day when I graduated from college was unforgettable.（我大学毕业的那一天是难以忘怀的。
）- She showed me the exact spot where the accident happened.（她给我指出了事故发生的确切地点。
定语从句引导词总结
定语从句引导词总结在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常常见的结构，它用来修饰一个名词或代词，通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
掌握定语从句的引导词是非常重要的，因为它们决定了整个句子的结构和意义。
下面是对常见定语从句引导词的总结。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词作为定语从句的引导词，在句中代替被修饰的名词或代词，并引导从句进一步描述或限定其先行词。
a) who: 指人，作主语或宾语。
Example: The man who is standing over there is my uncle.b) whom: 指人，作宾语。
Example: The girl whom I met yesterday is my neighbor.c) which: 指动物或物体，作主语或宾语。
Example: The book which is on the desk belongs to me.d) that: 指人、动物或物体，作主语或宾语。
在非限制性定语从句中不使用that。
Example: The car that I bought last week is very expensive.e) whose: 表示所属关系，修饰人或物体。
Example: The girl whose brother is a doctor is my classmate.注意：在口语中，关系代词who和which在介词后面可以省略。
Example: The girl (who) I talked to is my sister.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句：关系副词引导定语从句时，同时兼具副词和连词的作用。
a) when: 指时间，在句中作时间状语。
Example: The day when we met was rainy.b) where: 指地点，在句中作地点状语。
Example: This is the school where I study.c) why: 指原因或理由，在句中作原因状语。
定语从句的引导词及结构解析
定语从句的引导词及结构解析定语从句是英语语法中一种常见的句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词的从句。
定语从句中，引导词起到引导作用，连接主句和从句。
本文将对定语从句的引导词及结构进行解析。
一、引导词的分类及用法1. 关系代词关系代词即引导定语从句的代词，常见的有：that, which, who, whom, whose。
它们可以在句中充当主语、宾语、定语或介词宾语。
- that: 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰人或物，可代替指人或指物的先行词。
例句：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- which: 用来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰事物，不可代替先行词。
例句：I have a new laptop, which is very fast.- who: 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰人，可代替主语或宾语的先行词。
例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.- whom: 用来引导限制性定语从句，修饰人，通常代替宾语的先行词。
例句：The man whom I met yesterday is a professor.- whose: 用来引导定语从句，修饰人或物，表示所属关系。
例句：The house whose roof is blue belongs to my friend.2. 关系副词关系副词即引导定语从句的副词，常见的有：where, when, why。
- where: 用来引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，修饰地点。
例句：This is the school where I studied.- when: 用来引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，修饰时间。
例句：That was the day when we met each other.- why: 用来引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，修饰原因。
定语从句的引导词与结构
定语从句的引导词与结构定语从句是英语中常见的句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词。
在定语从句中，引导词起到连接主句和从句的作用。
下面将详细介绍定语从句的引导词以及不同的结构。
一、定语从句的引导词1. 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或补语。
常见的关系代词有：- that：在定语从句中作主语、宾语或补语，可以指代人或物。
例句：The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.- which：在定语从句中作主语、宾语或补语，只能指代物。
例句：The car which is parked outside belongs to my neighbor.- who：在定语从句中作主语，只能指代人。
例句：The boy who is playing soccer is my brother.- whom：在定语从句中作宾语，只能指代人。
例句：The woman whom I met yesterday is a famous actress.- whose：在定语从句中用来表示所属关系，可以指代人或物。
例句：The girl whose father is a doctor just won a scholarship.2. 关系副词关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，修饰整个句子。
常见的关系副词有：- where：在定语从句中引导地点状语从句。
例句：I still remember the school where I studied in my childhood.- when：在定语从句中引导时间状语从句。
例句：The day when we met for the first time was unforgettable.- why：在定语从句中引导原因状语从句。
例句：I don't know the reason why he resigned from his job.二、定语从句的结构定语从句有两种常见的结构：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句引导词总结
定语从句引导词总结定语从句是英语中一种常见的从句类型，用来修饰名词或代词，并进一步说明或限定其具体的内容或特征。
在定语从句中，引导词起到连接从句与主句的作用。
本文将总结常见的定语从句引导词及其用法，帮助读者更好地理解和运用定语从句。
1. 关系代词：关系代词在定语从句中充当从句的主语、宾语或表语，并且在从句中代替先行词。
a) who/whom:who用于指人的主格，在从句中作主语；whom用于指人的宾格，在从句中作宾语，常常用作介词的宾语。
例句：The woman who is wearing a red dress is my sister.那个穿着红裙子的女人是我的妹妹。
The man to whom I spoke is a doctor.我和他说话的那个人是一名医生。
b) which:which用于指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
例句：The book which is on the table is mine.在桌子上的那本书是我的。
I bought a new computer, which cost me a lot of money.我买了一台新电脑，花了我很多钱。
c) that:that既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
与which和who不同的是，that在非限制性定语从句中不充当引导词。
例句：The car that is parked outside is mine.停在外面的那辆车是我的。
The film that I watched last night was really good.我昨晚看的电影真的很好。
2. 关系副词：关系副词连接定语从句，修饰先行词，并且在从句中充当某种成分。
a) where:where用于修饰地点，在从句中充当状语。
例句：This is the school where I studied.这是我读书的学校。
I visited the place where they got married.我参观了他们结婚的地方。
定语从句引导词用法总结
定语从句引导词用法总结定语从句是英语中一种常见的句子结构，用来修饰主句中的名词或代词。
为了引导定语从句，我们需要使用相应的引导词。
下面是对定语从句引导词用法的总结。
1. 关系代词（Relative Pronouns）：关系代词在定语从句中既可以充当主语，又可以充当宾语。
它们有：who, whom, whose, which, that。
- Who：用于修饰人，充当主语。
例句：The girl who is dancing is my sister.- Whom：用于修饰人，充当宾语。
例句：I helped the man whom I met yesterday.- Whose：用于修饰人或物，表示所属关系。
例句：The book whose cover is torn belongs to me.- Which：用于修饰物，充当主语或宾语。
例句：The car which is parked outside is mine.- That：用于修饰人或物，充当主语或宾语。
在口语和非正式文体中常用that代替who或which。
例句：The movie that I watched yesterday was amazing.2. 关系副词（Relative Adverbs）：关系副词用于引导修饰地点、原因或时间的定语从句。
它们有：where, why, when。
- Where：用于修饰地点。
例句：This is the city where I was born.- Why：用于修饰原因。
例句：He explained the reason why he was late.- When：用于修饰时间。
例句：Do you remember the day when we first met?需要注意的是，定语从句中的引导词不能省略，而在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词可以省略（前提是不改变句子意思）。