立法文件的特定词语及翻译

立法文件的特定词语及翻译泛瑞翻译在立法文件中，有一些特定的词语经常被使用，进行形成了一些规定的语法结构。

熟悉和把握这些特定的词语的使用方法及翻译翻译，对于提髙立法文件的翻译水平大有裨益。

(一)subject to在法律条文中，“subject to”短语经常得到使用，以上文中提到的《1980年联合“subject”国国际货物销售合同公约》为例，该公约中“subject to”总共出现了10次。

可以翻译成“根据……”，“在……的条件下须受……限制/规限”，“须经……”等。

例1 ：Declarations made under this Convention at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon ratification，acceptance or approval.(依本公约规定在签字时做出的声明,须经批准、接受或核准等方式加以确认。

）例2:Subject to its memorandum and articles, a company may make application to the Registrar in the approved form to change its name or its foreign character name.(依公司组织大纲或公司章程，公司向登记官递交审批表申请改变公司名称或公司外文名称。

）例3: A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means，including witnesses.(销售合同无须以书面形式订立或以书面形式证明，在形式方面也不受任何其他条件的限制。

销售合同可用包括人证在内的任何方法来证明。

）例4: LICENCE is granted to Name of Company of Address to operate as a security company for supplying individuals to perform security work type(s) ：____ for aperiod of ____ year(s) from____to___ inclusive, provided that during the above period all prescribed fees are paid as prescribed, and subject to the provisions of the Security and Guarding Services Ordinance (Cap 460), and to those conditions specified over-leaf. [兹向（公司名称)地址为(地址)签发牌照，准许该公司以保安公司形式营办并提供人员执行下列类别的保安工作牌照有效期为_____年，由____至_____，首尾两天包括在内,但在上述期间内所有订明的费用须按订明的规定予以缴付，并须受《保安及护卫服务条例》(第460章)的条文及背页所指明的条件所规限。

] 汉语法律条文中的“根据……须经……”一般也可以翻译为“subject to”，例如：例1:投保人变更受益人时须经被保险人同意。

（The applicant may change the beneficiary subject to the consent of the insured )例5:用工单位应当根据工作岗位的实际需要与劳务派遣单位确定派遣期限，不得将连续用工期限分割订立数个短期劳务派遣协议。

（The labor service unit shall confirm the time limit of dispatch with the labor dispatch unit subject to the actual need of the position，and shall not conclude several short term labor dispatch agreements by dividing a consecutive labor service period.)例6:犯罪嫌疑人会获得免费供应足够的食物和茶点。

除属基本需要的衣物外，不得接受从外间送来的任何其它东西。

但如其提出要求，则可获准自费得到外间送来的食物，但这些食物须经过检査。

（Adequate food and refreshment will be supplied free to a suspect A suspect is not entitled to receive from outside anything except the basic necessities of clothing. However he or she may, if requesting，be permitted at your own expense to have food from outside to be brought to you subject to inspection.)例7:第十六条加人、退出和恢复中国国籍的申请，由中华人民共和国公安部审批。

经批准的，由公安部发给证书。

（中华人民共和国国籍法）（Article 16 Applications for naturalization as Chinese nationals and for renunciation or restoration of Chinese nationality are subject to examination and approval by the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China. The Ministry of Public Security shall issue acertificate to any person whose application has been approved Nationality Law of the Peoples Republic of China).(二）where引导的条件状语从句在普通英语中where—般引导地点状语从句，在法律英语中，where可以引导原因状语从句。

一般可用“凡……”、“……的”或“如(果)……”等来翻译，例如：例1：Where under a contract of sale the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition later to be fulfilled，the contract is called an agreement to sell.(买卖合同的货物所有权转移在将来的某个时间发生、或在以后须附有某种条件才可以完成的，称为出售协定。

）例2：Where the name of a company is changed under section 21 or 22，the amendment of the company’s memorandum to state the new name has effect on the date of the change of name certificate.(公司依第21或22条变更公司名称的，声明新名称的公司组织大纲修订案在公司名称证书更换之日生效。

）汉语法律条文中以“……的”表达“如果”的句子，也可翻译为where引导的条件状语从句。

例如：例1:用人单位与劳动者在用工前订立劳动合同的，劳动关系自用工之日起建立。

(Where the employing unit and laborers conclude labor contracts before the use of labor services, the labor relationships shall be established from the date of use of labor services.)例2:进口产品的补贴金额，应当区别不同情况，按照下列方式计算以无偿拨款形式提供补贴的，补贴金额以企业实际接受的金额计算；以贷款形式提供补贴的,补贴金额以接受贷款的企业在正常商业贷款条件下应支付的利息与该项贷款的利息差额计算;(The total value of a subsidy for imported products shall be calculated using the fol-lowing methods according to the circumstances of the case:1.Where the subsidy is granted in the form of a gratuitous allocation of money, the total value of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the total amount actually received by the enterprises concerned;2.Where the subsidy is granted in the form of a loan，the total value of the subsidy shall be calculated on the basis of the balance between the amount of interest that would be payable by the enterprise for a loan granted on normal commercial terms and the amount of interest to be paid for the loan actually granted;)例3:前款规定的人员，索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物，犯前款罪的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑，并处罚金a (Where a person stated in the preceding paragraph extorts money and goods from others or illegally accepts money and goods from others to commit the aforementioned crime，he or she is to be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years，and concurrently be sentenced to a fine.)例4:当事人无正当理由逾期不履行行政处罚决定的，按照有关规定公告后，交通行政执法机构可将暂扣车辆依法予以拍卖。