高中英语被动语态完成版(最新最全)

被动语态

一、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。汉语用“被、是、由、受、给”等表示被动意义。

二、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：

①将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.如主动句的宾语是代词,需变为主格。

②将动词改为“be+过去分词”,且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。

③将主动语态的主语置于介词by之后,如无必需,则省略。

请对比下面的主动句和被动句：

主动语态：They(主语)grow(谓语)tea(宾语)in the southeast of China.

被动语态：Tea(主语)is grown(谓语)by them in the southeast of China.

四、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

在这个句型中,谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时,一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语,但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：

☻注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,for等),以加强间接宾语的语气。

五、含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句

带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,常用it来作为被动句的形式主语,宾语从句保留不变。

①They said that he had gone abroad to study English.他们说他出国学英语去了。

→It was said that he had gone abroad to study English.据说他出国学英语去了。

②We haven't decided when we should go camping.我们还未决定什么时候去野营。

→It hasn't been decided when we should go camping.什么时候去野营尚未决定。

☻提示：带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,为了简练,还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语,从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。

①We believed that he would succeed.我们相信他会成功。

→He was believed to succeed.人们相信他会成功。

②Father expected that I should become an engineer.父亲希望我成为工程师。

→I was expected(by my father)to become an engineer.(父亲)希望我成为工程师。

六、不能用被动语态的若干情况

㈠不及物动词没有被动语态,如:rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie,last等。

After the fire,nothing remained.那场大火之后，什么也没留下来了。

误:After the fire,nothing was remained.

3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shall be+done;would/should be+done)

A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。

4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/are being+done;was/were being+done) The problem is being discussed now.问题正在被讨论。

5.现在完成时(have/has been+done)

Two hundred trees have been planted by now.到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。

6.过去完成时(had been+done)

They said they had been invited to the party.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。7.含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词；

You might be asked to speak at the meeting.可能请你在会上发言。

八、主动形式表被动含义

㈠某些系动词,如feel,look,seem,appear,taste,sound,smell,prove,remain等用主动形式表示被动意义;主语通常是事物,且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征。

①The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。→误:The material is felt very soft.

②The music sounds beautiful.这音乐听起来很美妙。→误:The music is sounded beautiful.㈡表示主语由内在品质或性能,使得主语得以实现或不能实现,用主动表示被动,常见的这类动词有:write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook,open,close,lock等。

请看下面句子：

①The book sells well.这本书销路很好。②The door will not open.这扇门就是打不开。

③his dress washes better.这衣服较好洗。④The sign reads as follows.这牌子告示如下。㈢有些动词不及物动词,只有主动形式,常视为主动表被动。常见的不及物动词(短语)

有:happen,occur,take place,break out,belong to,break out等。

①The accident happened yesterday evening.事故发生在昨天晚上。

②The Anti-Japanese War broke out in1937.抗日战争是1937年爆发的。

③The fire went out gradually.火渐渐熄灭了。