李磊《外国新闻史教程》(第2版)(课后习题 第五章 起伏的曲折之路)【圣才出品】
第五章起伏的曲折之路
一、名词解释
1．伏尔泰
答：伏尔泰是法国18世纪启蒙思想运动的代表人物，是一位对当时整个欧洲都有极大影响的思想巨匠。
他居住在一个便于逃离封建专制势力迫害的边境小城，著书立说、评论时事，成为法国启蒙思想学派中最为重要的一位代表。
伏尔泰的著作激烈攻击专制反动的封建制度，反对封建的贡赋和等级特权，提倡实行“开明君主制”，要求公民拥有宗教信仰、言论和出版的自由。
伏尔泰关于言论自由的一句名言在今天听来仍独具睿智：我坚决反对您所说出的每一个字，但我誓死捍卫您说出这些字的自由权力。
2．孟德斯鸠
答：孟德斯鸠是法国18世纪启蒙思想运动的代表人物。
他是一位在政治学上颇有贡献的伟人，他在其重要的代表性著作《波斯人信札》和《论法的精神》中对封建君主专制制度进行了深刻的分析与批判。
他所提出的立法、行政、司法三权必须分立才能相互制衡、才能避免君主和统治者滥用职权、实现公民政治自由的学说，对后续发生的各国资产阶级革命和近代宪政制度有着很大的影响。
特别是他的“权力制衡”原则，导致了近代西方资本主义国家中新闻传播事业“第四等级”地位的确立，导致了一种社会化的普遍认同观念：新闻事业有必要作为一种独立的社会舆论力量，对社会的其他权力——立法权、行政权、司法权实施一种有效的舆论监督。
3．卢梭
答：卢梭是法国18世纪启蒙思想运动的代表人物。
卢梭对启蒙思想运动的重要贡献是提出了人民的“天赋人权”说、“社会契约”论和“主权在民”的思想。
卢梭认为人是生而平等的，为了维护社会的运作和人们的自由与平等权利，统治者与被统治者之间订立了一些大家都应共同遵守的社会契约，如果受人民推举产生的统治者变成了专制暴君，人民就有权废止对他的服从契约，有权用各种方式——包括用武力方式来推翻暴君的统治。
因为立法的权力属于人民，行政的权力属于全体人民的大会，而每一个公民的意志则从属于全体人民总意志的凝聚体——各种法律，因而法律就是人民的意志，就是人民的主权体现。
卢梭的这些学说和思想对后来的法国大革命及文明世界产生了巨大的、不可估量的影响，并对“言论自由”乃无可争议地属于人民不可剥夺的一种“天赋人权”学说奠定了理论基础。
4．1881年新闻法
答：1881年新闻法是法国新闻界的重要法律，是对法国资产阶级1789年《人权宣言》中所宣布的新闻自由的伟大思想真正法律意义上和现实社会力量的正式确认，1881年7月29日，由法国国会通过。
1881年新闻法是一部涉及印刷业、报刊业、报刊销售业、广告业等新闻传播事业，内容全面、详细、民主的新闻法典，它取代了过去不同年代中先后颁布的42项相关法令和300多个条款。
1881年新闻法有两个显著的特点：其一是摒弃了任何预防性的事先资格法律条文，以往的新闻审查、事先领取许可证、保证金制、印花税交纳等一切限制性措施都被此项法律所取消；其二是建立了不包括舆论罪的“事后追惩”原则。
这项法律赋予法国新闻业一个世界上最为自由化的体制，依据该法，法国资产阶级传播事业的新体系正式确立建成。
5．《人权宣言》
答：《人权宣言》是法国历史上著名的法律文献。
其第11条宣称：“思想与意见的自由交换，为人类最珍贵的权利，因此，每位公民享有言论、著作、出版自由。
但是在法律的限制内，应担负滥用此项自由的责任”。
这一条款在法律上彻底否定了一切封建的新闻检查措施和任何形式的事先出版许可制度。
法国的《人权宣言》为17、18世纪资产阶级政治思想的发展全过程做了一个杰出的总结。
在这一文件中，资产阶级的政治、经济、文化思想的基本结论，被以国家大法、庄严法规的形式固定下来了，其中第11条款给新闻自由这一资产阶级传播新体系中的灵魂赋予了鲜明的革命色彩和严谨的法律意义上的界定。
从此，全球的新闻自由事业都在它的引导鼓舞下斗争、前进。
6．《人民之友报》
答：《人民之友报》是法国大革命中著名的政论性报刊，是革命派的代表性报刊。
由马拉创刊于1789年9月20日。
该报代表了中下阶层民众的利益，主张消灭封建制度，将资产阶级革命进行到底，马拉为此深受当局的迫害。
《人民之友报》从一开始就以一份激烈论战的报纸、革命派的一个宣传工具的身份登上大革命的政治舞台。
马拉为该报指定了三重功能：揭发反革命、教育人民以培养公民和革命者、推动人民进行革命。
1792年9月，《人民之友报》改名为《革命日报》。
雅各宾派执政期间，马拉成了雅各宾左派的主要领袖。
1793年9月13日，马拉被暗杀于寓所，《革命日报》随之停刊。
其斗争传统为阿贝尔的《杜歇老爹报》所承袭。
二、简答题
1．法国大革命与法国传播新体系之关系。
答：法国启蒙思想运动带给法国资产阶级新型新闻传播事业的是思想和灵魂，法国大革
命就是这一新体系的暴力“催生婆”，法国大革命与法国传播新体系的关系如下：（1）大革命打碎了封建的出版特许和检查制度，废除了新闻出版行业的封建专制机构与法律，埋葬了存在数百年之久的法国封建传播旧体系。
（2）大革命提高了法国不同社会阶层的公众对新闻传播事业的兴趣，提高了资产阶级新闻传播事业在国家社会生活中的重大地位，刺激了新闻事业的发展，并为政论性报刊在法国后续的悠久传统奠定了强大的基础。
（3）大革命横扫了法国境外欧洲大陆的各封建王朝，促成了西欧、北美各国新阶级、新思想、新型传播事业的萌生和发展。
（4）大革命为法国外省报刊的崛起创造了必要的条件，为了报道巴黎和其他地区的革命消息，法国各省的地方新闻事业在大革命的浪潮中诞生了。
（5）大革命为人类奉献了伟大的《人权宣言》，该宣言第11条款以清晰明确的表述和严谨的法律形式首次确立了资本主义自由竞争时代社会传播新体系的崇高目标、基本原则和灵魂思想。
从此，全球的新闻自由事业都在它的引导鼓舞下斗争、前进。
2．思想启蒙运动对法国新闻传播新体系的影响。
答：法国资产阶级新闻传播观念的形成与扩散与思想启蒙运动紧密相关，思想启蒙运动对法国新闻传播新体系的影响有：
（1）法国新闻传播新体系的基本原则和灵魂与思想在伟大的启蒙思想运动中确立并成熟。
在启蒙运动中，资产阶级新闻自由观念深入人心。
全部法国资产阶级新闻传播观念的形成和扩散都与这场伟大的思想运动密切相关。
（2）启蒙运动反映了18世纪法国资产阶级反对封建专制主义的斗争日益尖锐，为法国资产阶级革命做了思想上的准备。
启蒙学者所提出的学说给予封建道德、权威和信条以严
厉的批判，尤其专制王权和天主教会等反动势力受到有力的抨击。
启蒙思想是资产阶级反对封建制度的锐利的思想武器，在动员革命群众和推动资产阶级民主运动发展方面起了巨大的作用。
（3）启蒙思想运动不仅在精神上、思想上为未来的法国资产阶级新闻传播事业新体系的建立做好了准备，而且为新体系的建立营造好了一个广泛认同的社会舆论氛围。
三、论述题
试论述法国近代新闻事业转型的特殊道路与发展模式。
答：法国近代新闻事业体系的建立与发展走的是起伏的曲折之路。
法国资产阶级新闻传播事业虽然在理论上取得了世界瞩目的成就，但在实践中却落后于英、美两国。
（1）法国资产阶级新闻传播新体系的基本原则和灵魂与思想在政治革命这一“催产婆”到来之前就已在伟大的思想启蒙运动中确立并成熟了。
在法国，早于大革命爆发之前，资产阶级新闻自由观念便已深入人心，因而革命伊始，便出现了欧洲乃至世界上最为先进彻底的新闻出版法规条文。
这些法规条文为世界范围的资产阶级新闻传播体制树立了理想的典范，成为鼓舞世界人民争取人类新闻自由的伟大口号和神圣目标。
（2）法国新闻传播新体系的建立是在疾风暴雨般的资产阶级暴力革命的进程中完成的。
在大革命的不同发展阶段，一个又一个的政治派别以暴力、阴谋、政变等手段为武器，不断地把他人打倒推翻。
残酷的阶级斗争使法国的政局一直动荡不安，保皇与革命交替，共和与复辟轮换，每一个新的政治当权者都毫无例外地把新闻自由留给了自己，而对敌人的新闻传媒实施了严酷的压制与打击。
最先进的资产阶级新闻法律条文与最严酷的新闻专制控制现实出现了矛盾，却又并行不悖。
（3）法国资产阶级革命时期的整个社会发展进程并没有为新生的资产阶级传播新体系
的发展创造一个稳定良好的社会环境，每一次的新闻出版自由权利的获得，总是为后来的政治反对派所推翻，因而无法平稳地积累新闻出版自由的胜利果实，稳固地建立一个替代封建新闻传播制度的新型社会传播体制。
（4）在法国资产阶级革命的各种政治派别中，缺少工业资本家的势力，这是因为法国的工业革命和资本主义市场经济的发展水平与英国相比较为薄弱，没有形成一个强大的工业资本家集团并在政治上有所作为。
这就使得资产阶级左派——富于理想的、也是较为激进的共和派与资产阶级右派——金融与商业资本家集团的力量占据了法国革命的主导地位，再加上一时代表反动势力、一时代表资产阶级利益的波旁党人、奥尔良党人、拿破仑党人等一干新、旧保皇党人的介入，使得法国革命的进程表现出暴烈的左右极端性，无法把资产阶级新闻传播事业已取得的胜利成果保存积累下来。
全新版大学英语综合教程2(第二版)课后答案
全新版大学英语综合教程2(第二版)课后答案Unit1 Ways of Learning V ocabularyI1.1)insert2)on occasion3)investigate4)In retrospect5)initial 6)phenomena7)attached8)make up for9)is awaiting10)not; in theleast11)promote12)emerged2.第1页/共15页1) a striking contrast between the standards of living in the north of the country and the south.2)is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)by a little-known sixteen-century Italian poet have found their way into some English magazines.3.1)be picked up; can’t accomplish; am exaggerating2)somewhat; the performance; have neglected; they apply to3)assist; On the other hand; are valid; a superiorII1.1)continual2)continuous3)continual4)continuous 2.1)principal2)principal第2页/共15页3)principle 4)principles5)principalIII1.themselves2.himself/herself3.herself/by herself/on herown 4.itself5.ourselves6.yourself/by yourself/on yourownComprehensive Exercises I.cloze 1.(1)contrast(2)exaggerating(3)priority(4)on the otherhand (5)promoting第3页/共15页(6)pick up(7)assist(8)accomplish(9)occasion(10)n eglecting(11)w orthwhile(12)s uperior2.(1)end(2)perform(3)facing(4)competent (5)equipped(6)designed(7)approach(8)rest(9)definitely(10)q uality第4页/共15页II.translation1.(1)It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departurefrom the tradition.(2)Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough togive a performance in front of a large audience.(3)Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spiritin the child at an early age.(4)Assuming this painting really is a masterpiece, do you thinkit’s worthwhile to buy it?(5)If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on theproblem we are investigating.2.To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working第5页/共15页hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.Unit2 Values V ocabularyI1.1)abrupt2)emotional3)bless4)wear and tear5)dated 6)consequences7)seemingly8)in contrast to9)Curiosity10)genuine11)primarily12)sentiments2.第6页/共15页1)confronted with more than one problem, try to solve the easiest one first.2)vital to the existence of all forms of life.3)some confusion among the students about what to do after class tofollow up on the subject.4)nothing more than a job and an apartment to be happy.5)tickled him to think that she’d come to ask his advice3.1) a lingering; fabricating; sentiments2)fill out; every item; vital; consequences3)be denied; tangible; cherish; attainII1.It is a long trip and will take us five hours by bus.2.She arrived early and took a front row seat..3.Don’t take me for a fool.4.It takes a lot of imagination to fabricate such a story.5.My uncle will take me (along on his trip) to the Arctic this summer.第7页/共15页6.He took the dinner plate I passed to him.7.Kevin took second prize in the weight-lifting competition.8.If you don’t take my advice, you will regret it.III1.hanging2.to give3.to return4.being praised5.not havingwritten6.to say7.to open8.being helpedComprehensive Exercises I.cloze1.(1)well-off/affluent第8页/共15页(2)dated(3)falling into(4)bracket (5)deny(6)tangible(7)pursuit(8)cherishes(9)out of place(10)a brupt(11)f ocus(12)d onations2.(1)consume(2)fueled(3)annual(4)plain (5)physically(6)security(7)indicates第9页/共15页(8)equally(9)traditional(10)f ollowIII. Translation1.1)The company denied that its donations had a commercialpurpose.2)Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.3)Education is the most cherished tradition in our family.That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensiverestaurants, but sent me to the best private school.4)Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his joband thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.5)In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are ratherpoor, but they have always tried to meet our minimal needs. 2.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year. We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage第10页/共15页students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.Unit3 The Generation Gap V ocabularyI 1.1)typical2)dumb3)junior4)glorious5)welfare 6)came over7)interference8)fading9)narroweddown10)frank11)schemes12)at any rate2.第11页/共15页1)consists of five generals and four police officers.2)will be in a location overlooking the lake.3)was humiliated by her comments about my familybackground in front of so many people.4)have any proof that it was Henry who stole the computer?5)was exhausted after the long cycle ride.3.1)hysterical; was handed down by; should have known betterthan2)twisted; over and over; talented son3)patience; not to keep him in suspense; assured; repeatedly II.Collocation1.adequate2.anxious3.certain4.content5.crazy第12页/共15页6.likely7.fortunate8.keenage1.be admitted2.live3.be postponed4.buy5.be banned6.beComprehensive Exercises I.cloze1.(1)typical(2)welfare(3)constant(4)frank(5)talent第13页/共15页(6)dumb (7)know better than that(8)repeatedly(9)dread(10)i nterference(11)b et(12)a ssure2.(1)despite(2)really(3)same(4)contact (5)admitted(6)attempt(7)not(8)tend(9)different(10)m annerII.Translation第14页/共15页1.(1)Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?(2)The planning committee has narrowed down the possiblelocations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.(3)Sam not only lost his job but also both legs; he had to live onwelfare for the rest of his life.文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
(完整版)新标准高职公共英语系列教材：实用综合教程(第二版)第二册UNIT5-UNIT8 习题答案
（完整版）新标准高职公共英语系列教材：实用综合教程（第二版）第二册UNIT5-UNIT8 习题答案Unit 05 : Modern CommunicationText A / ComprehensionA. Pair WorkComplete the following sentences orally according to the text.1. Where did Reilly come from?He came from a Chicago school .2. How much time did Reilly typically spend on texting and calling every day before he started the Amish Project?He sent 1,500 texts a month and spent 600 to 900 minutes on the phone.3. What did Reilly's friends play for fun?They played Words with Friends and Angry Birds.4. What drives Reilly crazy?That nobody is really doing anything, just sitting quiet and indulging in their cell phones drives him crazy.B. Main IdeaRead the text again. As you read, underline what you think are the most important ideas. Then, in one or two sentences, write the main idea of the text.It tells us what Reilly learned from living without electronic conveniences and how it changed his life.Vocabulary Building / ExercisesA. Match each word with their proper Chinese meaning.B. Fill in each of the following blanks with the proper form of the given words.1. Alex was almost speechless (speech) with anger and despair.2. I'm 25, have a nice flat, a good job and I'm not unattractive(attractive).3. Imposing speed restrictions(restrict) is easy, but forcing motorists to observe them difficult.4. I used to be a furniture dealer(deal).5. She would have loved to have a better-paying job with more responsibility (responsible).6. I knew I'd never find a parking(park) space in the Square.7. She received recognition(recognize) for her many achievements.8. She made frequent reference (refer) to a possible promotion during the talk.Grammar Tips / ExercisesA. Complete the following sentences based on the information given in Chinese.1. It is important to remember the time and the location of the meeting(记住会议的时间和地点).2. She wished to find the book she needed(找到她需要的书).3. I am glad to tell him the news (告诉他这一消息).4. My mother asked me to call her at the weekend(周末给她打电话).5. They left home early in the morning to catch the first train (以便赶上第一班火车).B. Each of the following sentences contains ONE mistake. Find it out and correct it.6. I got up earlier than usual in order to catching the first train.A B C D(D, catch)7. My biggest wish now is make friends with as many people as possible.A B C D (B, to make)8. It is high time that we encouraged our students working harder.A B C D(C, to work)9. Late at midnight, I heard someone to knock at the door twice.A B C D(D, knock)10. Finish the task within three days is next to impossible for such a youngman.A B C D (A, Finishing)Text B / ComprehensionA. Answer the following questions according to the text.1. How many emails do corporate users receive a day, according to a recent report in Business Week?According to a recent report in Business Week, corporate email users receive an average of 20 to 30 emails a day .2. What is spam?Spam is unwanted promotional email .3. Why can incoming email become a big problem if not managed properly? As users become distracted by these messages, they are more likely to lose track of other, more important messages and fall further behind in their work .4. What does Brightmail sell?Brightmail sells server-based software .5. Why can't email users depend fully on automated filters? Automated filters will never catch all of the spam, since spammers will continue to work hard in order to get their messages through. Apart from spam, useful emails will continue to increase in volume, as email becomes an increasing important method of communicating for business and personal purposes .B. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Write T if it is true, or F if false.1. Email overload affects everyone today.2. Email users often spend time putting out fires.3. Software does not help email users very much.4. Automated filters can catch all kinds of spam.5. Software will provide the best solution to email overload in the end. Key: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. FComprehensive ExercisesA. Choose the best answer.1. He sold his farm and ______ he had enough money for his journey.A. howeverB. thusC. yetD. also2. The next day when I went to meet John, I almost failed to _____ him in his Australian bush hat.A. recognizeB. discoverC. detectD. distract3. I would like you to feel that I am talking directly to you as you read ____ the book.A. outB. upC. throughD. in4. She is ______ behind with her school work because of her illness.A. stayingB. searchingC. graspingD. falling5. He was considered ______ of a hero in the town.A. somethingB. somewhatC. sometimeD. some6. We are justified in ______ equal rights at work.A. needingB. requiringC. demandingD. wanting7. The army defended the town ______ the enemy attack.A. againstB. toC. withD. over8. I want ______ pencils, please!A. two of dozenB. two dozenC. two dozensD. two dozens ofB. Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Twenty years ago, kids in school had never even heard of the Internet. Now, I'll bet you can't find a (1) single person in your school who hasn't at least heard of it. In fact, many of us use it on a (2)regular basis and even have access to it from our homes!The Internet is a vast resource for all types of (3) information. You may enjoy using it to do research for a school project, downloading your(4) favorite songs or communicating with friends and family. However, when you email people, you have to be very careful. If you've never met the person that you're communicating with (5) online, you could be on dangerous ground! You should never give away any(6) personal information to someone you don't know, not even your name! And just like you can't believe the information on every (7) website out there, you can't always trust the strangers you “meet” on the Internet, either. Just like you could make up things about yourself when chatting with someone online, he or she could do the (8) same to you!C. Translate the following sentences into English using the words or phrases you have learned in this unit.1. 手机的发明为我们提供了各种方便。
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程3课后习题答案完整版UNIT 5
Listen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to complete each of the following statements according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) One of the reasons for the annual increase in HIV infections is that________.A) people show little concern about HIVB) no effective cure for AIDS has been found yetC) people are unaware of the danger of HIVD) there is no way to prevent HIV from spreading2) The first reason given for AIDS education is ________.A) to prevent new infections from taking placeB) to help people know where HIV infections may happenC) to tell people how to protect themselves from HIV and AIDSD) to tell people about the two processes of prevention from HIV infections3) The second reason for AIDS education is ________.A) to curb the HIV infectionB) to ask hospitals to offer more helpC) to improve the quality of life for HIV-positive peopleD) to give financial aid to AIDS patients4) The third reason for AIDS education is ________.A) to reduce the fear of HIV and AIDSB) to bring down the death rate of AIDSC) to prevent the spread of HIVD) to protect HIV-positive people or AIDS patients5) The purpose of the passage is ________.A) to explain why we should overcome the fear of AIDSB) to criticize schools for neglecting AIDS educationC) to prove that the danger of AIDS has been overstated (夸大)D) to give the reasons for AIDS educationTask Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the passage again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1) A survey in the UK found recently that a third of teenagers thought there was a “cure” for AIDS . So education is important in preventing the spread of HIV.2) There are TWO processes to prevent new HIV infections: one is to give people information about HIV and the other is to teach people how to put this information to use and act on it practically.3) HIV-positive people need to get medical services and drug supplies . And they also need to find appropriate emotional and practical support and help.4) Many people fear those who are HIV-positive. Some extreme cases can be found in India , where AIDS patients were burned to death .Read and ExploreTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) Why does the author describe Charles Winget and his wife in the first paragraph?Because she intends to show that people’s bodies operate at different speeds.2) How would behavioral scientists explain the differences between Charles Winget and his wife?Behavioral scientists would say that such differences were caused by personal eccentricities or early conditioning.3) What are “circadian rhythms” according to Franz Halberg?According to Franz Halberg, circadian rhythms are the regular daily patterns of our body. That is, our systems work on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes our body speeds up, and sometimes it slows down. It achieves peak efficiency for only a limited time each day.4) How does the study of chronobiology benefit people in general? Chronobiology tells people how to coordinate their activities with their biological capacities so that they can achieve their best with the least effort.5) What approach has been developed to help a person recognize his body’s patterns?Winget and his associates have developed a simple approach. It is to record 6 readings of a person’s temperature all throughout the day and put the readings on graph paper. The rising or falling patterns of the temperature can be recognized as his body’s patterns.6) How should we arrange our mental and physical work according to the author?Physical work can be best done when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. For mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks such as mathematical work are best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast, reading and reflection are better done between 2 and 4 p.m., which is the time when body temperature usually begins to fall.7) What tips does chronobiology offer for effective dieting?Eating breakfast rather than dinner helps to lose weight, because calories burn faster in the morning than in the evening.8) What tips for sleep problems are offered in the text?Three tips are offered. The first is that we should go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. The second is that the best way to recover from a bad night’s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. And the third tip is that we should beware of sleepin g pills, as most sleeping pills won’t work for periods longer than two weeks and there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood.2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s) Main IdeaOne 1–4 Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks. Franz Halberg, a physician-biologist, discovered that there is a 25-hour cycle in the body with the body systems running with regular patterns. Halberg called these regular patterns “circadian rhythms.”Two 5–6 Circadian principles have already been used to schedule astronauts’ work and it is expected that the work in chronobiology will be applied to increasing our efficiency in daily activities.Three 7–17 Taking the given approach to figure out our body’s patterns, we can then take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve our healthand productivity in such aspects of life as our daily work, dieting, taking medicine and sleeping.Four 18 It is important to keep regularity in all aspects of our life and learn to act in synchronization with our body’s natural rhythms.Task Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.1. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under the pillow. (Para. 1)Early in the morning Winget wakes up and is eager to begin the day’s work while his wife still needs more sleep. That is to say, people’s body clocks run at different speeds, thus leading to different waking times.2. Halberg’s explanation: instead of performing at a steady, unchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. (Para. 4)Many people believe that our systems work at the same rate all throughout the day, but it is not true.3. Of course, individual variations make all the difference. (Para. 11) Different people may show different patterns of temperature change, and such differences reflect differences in their circadian rhythms.4. “All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast,” states Sothern. “Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight.” (Para. 14)Sothern, a chronobiologist who personally did the research and whose words are to be taken seriously, emphasizes the point that for effective dieting, it’s a good choice to eat breakfast rather than dinner.5. The best way to recover from a bad night’s sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. (Para. 17)The best way to recover from a bad night’s sleep is not to have more sleep in order to make up for the lost sleep, but to go on with your normal sleep-wake cycle, i.e. to go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends.Checking Your VocabularyWord Detective1 Put down the right word from Text B in the space provided according to the given definition. The first letter of each word is already given.Example:e lection: the choosing by vote of a representative to take an official position1) i solate: keep apart; separate from others2) i ssue: produce (esp. sth. printed and / or official)3) c ontract: get or begin to have (sth. bad, esp. an illness)4) i gnorance: lack of knowledge, information, or consciousness5) b roken: made discouraged or weak by misfortune, ill-health, etc.6) s egment: any of the parts into which sth. can be cut or divided7) c ommunity: the people living together and/or united by common background, nationality, etc.8) p rejudice: (an) unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, esp. when formed without enough thought or knowledge2 Fill in each blank with a word or phrase from Text B. Both the explanation and the number of the paragraph in which the target word or phrase appears are given in brackets. Be sure to use the proper form.Example:She wanted to protect her children from the evils of the outside world.(great wickedness or misfortune: Para. 7)1) The two sides never agree. How can I bring their disputes to an end ? (cause sth. to finish, usu. after lasting some time: Para. 1)2) The SARS victims have to be isolated so that they would not infect others. [(of disease) get into the body of (sb.): Para. 3]3) The letter was full of threats and she decided to show it to the police. (an expression of an intention to hurt, punish, etc.: Para. 6)4) By acting in this stupid way you may eventually put your whole future at risk ?(in danger: Para. 8)5) It is time to set aside our differences and work together for a common purpose.(abandon or leave out of consideration: Para. 14)6) James took the books off the little shelf to make room for the new photo frame.(push things closer together in order to provide space for another thing: Para.14)7) The government is appealing to everyone to save water.(make a strong request for support, help, etc.: Para. 15)Checking Your Comprehension1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text B.1) Why did Mary Fisher come to address the audience?She came to break the silence that has been kept over the issue of HIV/AIDS for a long time.2) How serious is the situation of HIV infection?In the United States, two hundred thousand Americans are dead or dying; a million more are infected. AIDS is the third leading killer of young adult Americans today. Worldwide, 40 million, 60 million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years.3) Why does Fisher say that AIDS virus is not a political creature?Because it has nothing to do with politics. It does not care whether you are a Democrat or Republican; it attacks people regardless of race, sex or age; it does not ask whether you are gay or straight.4) Why has the AIDS virus spread so widely?Because we have helped it spread with our ignorance, prejudice and silence.5) Why shouldn’t AIDS patients be treated cruelly?Because they are human. Each of them is a person. They are not evil and have not earned cruelty. They do not deserve meanness. They don’t be nefit frombeing isolated or treated as outcasts. They long for our pity and they are worthy of our compassion and support.6) How have Fisher’s family members reacted to her being infected with HIV? Instead of practicing prejudice against her, they have rendered strong support to her. Her parents and her brother have shown concern for her consistently. They have always encouraged her and have helped her pull through the hardest moments in her struggle against the disease.7) What does Mary Fisher call on her listeners to do?She calls on the whole nation to be aware of AIDS. She calls on the HIV positive to have the courage to fight it out. She calls on the healthy people to set aside prejudice and show compassion and support for AIDS patients.2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicised parts.1) I have come tonight to bring our silence to an end. (Para. 1)To act on the proposal I made, I have to break the silence myself tonight. It is time to speak out the truth about the deadly disease — AIDS.2) Tonight, I represent an AIDS community whose members came reluctantly from every segment of American society. (Para. 5)AIDS has become so widespread that those who have been infected come from every part of society.3) Are you human? And this is the right question: Are you human? (Para. 7) This question reveals the essence of the AIDS issue: Since AIDS poses a threat to humankind, every one of us, irrespective of race, age or sex, may contract HIV and become a victim of AIDS for the simplest reason that we are all human.4) Because people with HIV have not entered some alien state of being. (Para. 7)Because people with HIV have not turned into some strange kind of creature that is totally different from us. They are just as human as anyone else. We have no reason to practice prejudice against them.5) Then their children, and yours, may not need to whisper it at all. (Para. 15) Then the future generations will face the problem in an honest and frank manner. Only in this way can they deal with the disease effectively and make the world safe and free from this deadly disease.Optional Classroom ActivitiesThe two tables below illustrate respectively the leading causes of death worldwide in 2002 (Table 1) and the leading causes of death among 15 to 59-year-olds worldwide (Table 2) in the same year. Work in small groups and study the tables carefully, and then do the following two tasks:1) Compare the two tables and find out in Table 2a. What new causes of death are added?New causes of death added in Table 2 are: suicide, violence and liver cancer.b. What causes move up in ranking?Causes that move up in ranking in Table 2 are: HIV / AIDS, road accidents and tuberculosis.Suggestions for this activity:Since students will have no difficulty in finding out the answers to the questions in Task 1, this activity should focus on Task 2. In fact, no professional knowledge is required for a fruitful discussion. Students are encouraged to share their existing knowledge and pool their ideas. If time permits, ask some students to give presentations to the whole class.2) Discuss what might have caused the above differences.Table 2 shows an increase in the ranking of deaths due to HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis, road accidents, suicide, violence and liver cancer among people in the 15–59 age bracket, compared to their rankings in all age groups.Teenagers (13–19 year olds) and young people tend to be more passionate, emotional and adventurous. So they may love taking risks: breaking traffic laws, taking drugs, being loose with sexual relationships. And they may easily feel frustrated with failures in their study or relationships.Hence more deaths resulting from road accidents, violence, HIV / AIDS, and suicide.People in their thirties and forties are generally under great pressure from their work and family burdens. The pressure may continue to be a threat to their health before they reach 60.Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.Text A accelerate equip familiarize guarantee monitor process resume sponsor Text B appeal contract ignorance infect isolate issue prejudice threat1) You should familiarize yourself with the rules before you start to play the game.2) A judge must be free from prejudice — his opinions must be fair and reasonable.3) The police are appealing to the public for detailed information about the murderer.4) The car that had been following ours suddenly accelerated and overtook us.5) I won’t take his threats seriously — he often says he will punish me, but he never does.6) Patients who are given the new drug will be asked to monitor their heartbeat, temperature and blood pressure.7) It is the hospital’s policy to isolate any patient who is suffering from an infectious disease.8) Clear skies are no guarantee of continued fine weather; it may rain in the evening.9) If one child gets sick with chicken-pox (水痘), the rest of the children in the same kindergarten will be exposed to the danger of being infected .10) His total ignorance of the subject is truly surprising. How come he knows nothing about it?11) Having anticipated the problems I might encounter, I was well equipped to deal with the situation.12) I often buy processed foods. They may not be so fresh, but it’s really time-saving.13) We need to find some companies to sponsor the contest we’re going to hold because we won’t be able to cover all the expenses.14) In the past two years, she’s stayed at home looking after her baby. She is hoping to resume her career soon.15) The Department of Public Health has issued strict instructions that no one should enter the epidemic area (疫区) without permission.16) He contracted such bad habits as smoking and drinking when he was fifteen, and now it is hard for him to get rid of them.2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.Text A at one’s best attribute … to by contrast take advantage ofText B at risk bring … to an end make room for set aside1) It’s a fine day. You should take advantage of the good weather to paint the fence.2) He almost failed in the math exam, but his twin brother, by contrast, did very well.3) There are two more people coming — can you make room for them to sit down?4) I’m tired of their endless quarrels. I wonder how I can bring their disagreement to an end .5) The gymnast has performed poorly for the past few days. I wonder when she will be at her best ?6) The doctors in that hospital have attributed the cause of his illness to an unknown virus.7) The children were taken care of by their aunt because their father was violent and they were believed to be at risk .8) I repeatedly warned him not to do it, but my warnings were never considered — they were simply set aside .Increasing Your Word Power1 Cross out the verb that CANNOT go together with the target word or expression in the circle.Example:a. improve b. regain c. ruin d. raiseyour health1) a. process b. apply c. establish d. followthe basic principles2) a. detect b. fulfill c. alter d. matchyour body’s patterns3) a. operate b. control c. monitor d. restrictyour food intake4) a. gain b. maintain c. lose d. subtractweight5) a. tackle b. address c. accelerate d. identifysleep problems6) a. suffer b. encounter c. practice d. contractgender prejudice7) a. achieve b. enhance c. coordinate d. reducework efficiency8) a. face b. exercise c. represent d. posea threat to health2 Study the prefix “self-”, and put down the Chinese meaning after each given word.Prefix Meanings Examplesself- 1) by means of oneself or itself He’s self-taught.2) of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself a self-addressed envelopeChinese meaningsself-centred a. 自我中心的，自私的self-conscious a. (过于在乎别人的看法等而)忸怩的；自觉的self-confident a. 自信的self-evident a. 显而易见的self-discipline n. 自律，自我约束self-esteem n. 自尊(心)，自信self-image n. 自我形象self-pity n. 自怜Now translate the Chinese given in brackets into English with words from the above list.1) Young adolescents tend to feel very self-conscious about their appearance (非常在意自己的外表).2) You’ll need plenty of self-discipline to fight against laziness (需要好好约束自己，与惰性斗争) if you’re going to w ork from home.3) You couldn’t help admiring the self-confident way (会禁不住佩服那自信的样子) she stood up to speak to the big crowd.4) Roland was becoming ever more self-centred (越来越自私了), paying no attention to the needs of his roommates.5) These health risks may seem self-evident (看起来是不言而喻的), yet many people choose to disregard them.6) Instead of burying/indulging themselves in self-pity (沉溺于自怜中), they should do something positive to improve their situation.7) The critical newspaper reviews were a blow to his self-esteem (对他自尊心的极大打击), and he began to doubt his values.8) Children who are bullies often have a poor self-image (自我形象差) and they try to make themselves feel better by punishing other children.Grammar in ContextObserve the following sentences from both Text A and Text B, paying special attention to the anticipatory (先行词) “it”. Then do the following two tasks.1) It’s a biological law of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort,… (Para. 6, Text A)2) We must break the silence, making it safe for you to reach out for compassion. (Para.12, Text B)Task 1Examine each of the following sentences and underline the real object or subject that is replaced by it.1) It proved difficult to reach an agreement in such a delicate situation.to reach an agreement in such a delicate situation2) It worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.the way he keeps changing his mind3) It never occurred to me that perhaps he was lying.that perhaps he was lying4) “I felt it a great honor to be asked to speak here,” said Mr. Johnson.to be asked to speak here5) Do you find it pointless buying so much food when the children are all away? buying so much food when the children are all awayTask 2Complete the following sentences, using it as an anticipatory.1) It is disappointing (令人失望) to see so many university students indulging themselves in computer games.2) I find it useless /pointless (我觉得没用) trying to explain to him again —He’s not interested at all.3) It is not possible/ It is impossible (不可能) to write a book or make a film that suits every individual.4) They kept it a secret/ kept it quiet (他们一直保密) that the President was dead.5) It is still not clear (仍然不明朗) how far the globalization process will go.ClozeComplete the following passage with words and phrases chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.AIDS is a terrible disease. It poses a t hreat (1) to all the human beings without caring whether you are black or white, male or female, gay or straight, young or old. But what is a t r isk (2) now is not just the people i nfected (3) with the disease. Human civilization itself is being threatened. This is because the whole society tolerates both ignorance of and p rejudice (4) against HIV or AIDS. Once diagnosed (被诊断) as HIV-positive, the victims are i solated (5) or treated as outcasts. They are believed to have c ontracted (6) something evil or to have entered some alien state of being. As a result, these poor people have tos helter (7) the flickering candle of life from the cold wind of rejection by their family members. When they die of the disease, their families dare not whisper the word AIDS. They just g rieve (8) silently. Thus, our prejudice and silence have helped the disease a long (9). Now HIV marches firmly towards AIDS in more than a million American homes, littering its p athway (10) with the bodies of the young. To guard against the disease effectively, we must take this i ssue (11) seriously. People should be educated to b ring (12) those negative attitudes to an end. We should not see AIDS as something e vil (13) and the patients as alien. Instead, we should c oncern o urselves w ith (14) the prevention of the disease and render strong s upport (15) to the patients with more compassion. Only in this way can we have a better chance of winning the war against AIDS.Translation1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.1) 由于不了解艾滋病，以前人们称HIV感染者为“祸害”。
罗小未外国近现代建筑史第2版二版笔记和典型题考研真题详解答案
1.2典型题（含考研真题）详解一、填空题1.从19世纪30年代到70年代，是英国浪漫主义建筑的极盛时期。
浪漫主义建筑又名，其代表作是____。
【答案】哥特复兴；英国国会大厦2. 法国凡尔赛宫前的广场是 ______________ 风格，设计者___________ 。
【答案】法国古典主义；勒诺特3. 20世纪初提出“工业城市”规划方案并对后人产生影响的法国建筑师是____________________________ 。
【答案】加尼埃4. 举出法国、英国、德国、意大利的哥特教堂各一例_______________________ 、_______ 、_______ 、________ 。
【答案】韩斯主教堂、亚眠主教堂、夏特尔主教堂、巴黎圣母院等教堂等均可；温且斯特主教堂、格罗塞斯特主教堂、林肯主教堂、索尔兹伯雷主教堂均可；科隆主教堂、乌尔姆主教堂均可；米兰主教堂和圣伊利莎白教堂均可二、单项选择题1.第一个把法国古典主义的原则灌输到园林艺术中去的是（）。
A.凡尔赛宫B.孚•勒•维贡府邸C.枫丹白露宫D.卢浮宫【答案】B【解析】古典主义的原则强调构图中的主从关系，突出轴线，讲求对称。
第一个把法国古典主义原则灌输到园林艺术中去的是巴黎郊外的孚•勒•维贡府邸，其设计者是造园家勒•诺特尔。
2. 19世纪新协和村（New Harmony)主张的建立者是（）。
A.托马斯•莫尔（Thomas More)B. 康帕内拉（Tommaso Campanella)C.傅立叶（Charles Fourier)D.罗伯特•欧文（Robert Owen)【答案】D【解析】根据《城市规划原理》，近代空想社会主义的代表人物欧文（Robert Owen)和傅里叶（Charles Fourier) 等人不仅通过著书立说来宣传、阐述他们对理想社会的信念，同时还通过一些实践来推广和实践这些理想。
如欧文于1817年提出了“协和村”（Village of New Harmony)的方案，并用自己4/5的财产，在美国的印第安那州购买了 12000公顷土地建设他的新协和村。
新视野第三版读写教程第二册u5课后题答案
Unit 5 – Section ALanguage Focus – Words in Use1. The "discipline" message asks people to save, while the "enjoy yourself" message asks people to spend; therefore, they (contradict) each other.2. It is a(n) (paradox) that in some odd way world peace appears to depend on our spending millions of pounds on weapons that can kill us all.3. It is far more effective for parents to allow for the child's (perspective) and let him make his own choice rather than make a decision for him.4. When you are writing any directions for people, you've got to be direct and (explicit) to make everything rightly understood.5. The new teaching program was (suspended) last semester because the teachers in the department protested its demand for more intense work.6. He is a very considerate and generous person, and he is also one of those who can often (derive) pleasure from helping others.7. Many children are addicted to computers, so they often (defy) their parents and play the computer games for hours every day.8. My roommate is always very optimistic, and that's why he still (retains) his good humor after all the setbacks.9. There is a widely held suspicion that the politician, though retired, still has great power and is (manipulating) events behind the scenes.10. The organization has been working with local authorities as well as regional government and officials to (tackle) the problem of climate.Word Building1.browse2.message3.consumer4.negotiate5.object6.react7.constitute8.cultivate9.define10.expand11.concentration12.civilization1.browser2.messenger3.consume4.negotiation5.objection6.reaction7.constitution8.cultivation9.definition10.expansion11.concentrate12.civilize1. Public opinion was becoming more (concentrated) on environmental pollution problems; more and more people were discussing and arguing about them.2. Martin Luther King is a(n) (messenger) who worked for peace; he has shown the Western world that a struggle can be waged without violence.3. Every man ought not to steal, cheat, or destroy the property of others. There is no place for this sort of behavior in a(n) (civilized) society.4. The right to pursue happiness is promised to Americans by the US (Constitution) , but nowadays no one seems quite sure what exactly is meant by happiness.5. You will need to replace your old (browser) and install a new one. You will need this new software to view web pages.6. Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned up the volume on her player, paying no attention to her father's (objection) .7. As a college student, you should learn things extensively and aim for a(n) (expansion) of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.8. Because women care much about their appearance and restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not (consume) enough iron-rich food.9. The problem is that most students don't really know the exact (definition) of plagiarism (剽窃) or its consequences, so they don't consider it a serious crime.10. Garden (cultivation) of roses began about 5,000 years ago. They were used at celebrations, for medical purposes, and as a source of perfume.11. The talks next week will focus one economic development of the region and our immediate (reaction) to the ever-worsening condition of the environment.12. The (negotiation) on the trade disputes between the two super large companies went on for years as neither side would give in.Banked ClozeTo spend or save is a question which many people have. There is always a(n) (1) (dilemma) whether one should spend the money that he has earned or save that money for the future. Well, there is no (2) (explicit) answer to the question as different people have different (3) (perspectives) on their life, and that is the reason why some people tend to spend all the money earned while others (4) (retain) control over their money. People who spend all the money do not think much about the future. The only thing that they enjoy doing most is to (5) (derive) pleasure from spending money. For example, if they like a particular car, mobile phone or laptop, they will buy it without giving it a thought. For them, the most important thing is to satisfy their material (6) (appetite). People who have their first job or who haven't married often fall in this category. In the long run, saving is a good (7) (option) for one's life as saving helps an individual to plan for future (8) (urgent) needs. That is also the reason why many people save money for a rainy day. Individuals who can (9) (suspend) their spending save money successfully. Instead of buying on impulse, they delay their purchasing decision and won't be easily (10) (manipulated) by commercial ads. Individuals who have responsibility for their family belong to this category.Language Focus – Expressions in Use1. People who work in offices are (referred to) as "white-collar workers" for the simple reason that they traditionally wear a white shirt with a collar and a tie to go to work.2. When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence that was (at odds with) his earlier statement made a few hours ago.3. In order to persuade his daughter to (put off) the marriage, the father quoted statistics showing mixed-race couples had higher divorce rates than same-race couples.4. The mother made the decision to give cough medicine and Aspirin to her sick child without (consulting with) the child's doctor.5. Both professional experts and school teachers say that children tend to (do their utmost) when they see their parents making similar efforts.6. As she entered the most dynamic period of her career, Kylie (took stock of) her success and tried to analyze the strong impact of her college education.7. The chief executive George Grey is confident that current growth levels can be maintained since all the group's development projects stay (on track) .8. It is very important for students to understand and (take in) new information. Besides, they should examine and judge information carefully and then make the right decisions.Translation英译汉The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exchange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civilizations acknowledging each other.大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。
新编大学英语第二版第五册课文翻译及课后答案
新编大学英语第二版第五册第二课练习答案
Post-Reading 1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
2
1) Introduction: (Para.1) A homeless man expresses thanks to a man holding the door for him Setting: a local restaurant Characters: shoppers, families and students Situation: the coming and leaving of a homeless man 2) Main Body (Para.2-11) There’s a lack of good manners in today’s world. Supporting evidence: AAt the restaurant, no one thanked the people providing the service; (Para.2) BWomen hardly show their gratefulness to people for their help while driving; (Para.4) CFewer men hold open doors for those behind them; (Para.4) DVery often parents do not apologize for what their children do; (Para.7) EChildren are not schooled in social graces; (Para.8) FRude language is so commonplace that it is accepted behavior. (Para.10) 3) Conclusion (Para.12-13) The importance of manners: In a crowded world, being polite to each other helps ease our daily stress. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) B 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) B
新视野大学英语读写教程2unit5课后习题及答案
新视野大学英语读写教程2 unit5 课后习题及答案（翻译）VocabularyⅢ.a while as an ambulance driven, you get hardened to what you see at accidents.作为一个救护车司机一段时间后,你得到坚强在你所看到的事故中。
sole object was to get shelter from the snow, to get myself covered and warm.我的唯一目的就是为了避开雪,让温暖覆盖我。
was take all the facters into account, his chances of winning the election were slim.如果是把所有的模型考虑,他赢得大选的机会渺茫。
will only weaken his position if he continues to stick to his strange ideas.它只会削弱他的立场,如果他继续坚持他的奇怪的想法。
thousands of people watched the football game.数千人观看了足球比赛。
most noticeable change was in my younger brother, who had grown quite a bit and was now a third-grader.最明显的变化是在我的弟弟,他已经足够大了,现在是三年级学生。
am supposed to be resting and relaxing, but it is just a whole bunch of different things that have happened.我应该休息和放松,但这只是一大堆不同的事情。
and night Martin could not drag his mind from the failure he had suffered.马丁不能日夜从他遭受的失败里解脱出来。
【VIP专享】新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程4课后翻译与完形填空答案Unit1-5
【VIP专享】新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程4课后翻译与完形填空答案Unit1-5新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程4课后翻译+完形填空原题与答案Unit 11. 这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
Research f indings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3. 有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4. 我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.5. 连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大的音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would oneday become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. 当局控告他们威胁国家安全。
(2020新教材)外研版英语必修第二册同步练习Unit 5 Period Ⅰ
人生就像一场旅行，不必在乎目的地，在乎的是沿途的风景以及看风景的心情。
现在让我们来分享几条中国最美的火车旅行线路，只要买上一张票，背上背包，就能开始一段与众不同的旅行。
☆Road into the cloudsRoute: Xining, Qinghai to Lhasa, TibetTime: 23－24 hoursKnown as the highest railway in the world, the Qinghai－Tibet railway—or “heavenly road”—climbs to 5,000meters above sea level. On the way, you can view different landscapes①：the beautiful Qinghai Lake, the grandKunlun Mountains, the mysterious source of the Yangtze River, the vast Qiangtang grasslands. When the train passes through Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve, you may even see Tibetan antelopes and other wild animals running on the plateau②.☆Voyage through historyRoute: Xi'an, Shaanxi to Dunhuang, GansuTime: 22－23 hoursFrom Xi'an, the beginning of the ancient Silk Road to Dunhuang, famous for the Mogao Grottoes, this is a trip through China's history. The relics③ of the great wall in the Ming Dynasty, the Jiayuguan pass, and the snow-capped Qilian mountains are worth seeing. In Lanzhou, you can see the yellow river flowing through the city. As the train passes through the long Hexi Corridor, endless views of desert await.☆Top choice for nature loversRoute: Guangzhou, Guangdong to Anshun, YunnanTime: 22－24 hoursThis is a journey to embrace④China's picturesque nature. You can see dense forests and red soil in the western part of Guangdong Province. As the train climbs to the Yunnan—Guizhou Plateau, the gnarled rocky hills, karst landforms and layered terraces will amaze you. With blue skies, verdant mountains and fresh air along the whole way, it's a good chance to relax and refresh yourself.【注】①landscape n. 风景；风景画②plateau n. 高原③relic n. 遗迹④embrace v．& n. 拥抱v t. 包含【立德树人】旅游可以放松身心，开阔眼界(broaden one's horizon)，洗涤心境，可以见识世界大好河山(beautiful rivers and mountains of the world)。
《新视野大学英语读写教程(2)》(第3版)【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】-Unit5-6
resume
n. 丧人简历
v. 再绠绢，重新开始；再用；恢复
【例取】We resumed our work after a rest. 休息乀吂，我仧重新开始书工作。
They will at any price resume their lost child. 他仧丌惜仸何代价找回丢失癿学
子。
depict [
gap [
] n. 缺叔；巩距；空白；缺乏
vi. 裂开
vt. 使成缺叔
【例取】The sheep got out of the ranch through a gap in the hedge. 羊仍树篱癿闱
隒丨跑出牧场。
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证申子乢、题库规频孥习平台
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证申子乢、题库规频孥习平台
【例取】Her voice has a pleasant tone. 她癿声音有一种悦耳癿声诽。 【诋组】tone down 缓呾，减弱
tone up 增强；提高（声诽等）；使更健府 【派生】tonal adj. 艱诽癿；音诽癿
] v. （用图画、文字）表示，描述，描绘
【例取】The artist tried to depict realistically the Battle of Waterloo. 这位画家词图逢
真地刻画滑铁卢戓役。
【诋组】depict…as… 抂…描绘成…
【派生】depiction n. 描写，叒述
suspend
v. 叿，恵挂；暂停，叏消；掏连
【例取】The policeman was suspended while the complaint was investigated. 因该