高中定语从句与同位语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲义教学目标：1.明白定语从句和同位语从句的构成和用法2.理解运用定语从句和同位语从句3.关系副词的用法4. 通过学习调动他们的学习积极性，使学生体会到英语的趣味性教学重难点：1.关系代词who, that, which的用法区别2.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；3.关系代词与关系副词引导定语从句的不同4.同位语从句连接词的作用5.定语从句和同位语从句的区别教学流程及授课提纲一．定语从句1. 概念（Definition）定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在它修饰的先行词之后，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
我们在后面会给大家具体讲讲分别由这两种关系词引导的定语从句。
例子：He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. 分类（Classification）：定语从句就其与先行词的关系，可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
(1)限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，关系词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，对先行词其修饰、限制与确定的作用，若去掉，先行词便不能明确表示其所指对象，所以限制性定语从句与它的先行词所指意义有着不可分割的联系。
可用关系代词、关系副词或that 来引导。
Eg: Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.(2)非限制性定语从句对先行词或整个主句加以补充说明，即使省去，也不影响主句的意思，它和先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开，Eg: Yesterday I met one of my friends, who seemed to be very busy.3．关系词（引导词）：关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose关系副词：where, when, why★关系代词引导的定语从句限制性定语从句，如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, whose或that. 在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that,作宾语的一般用whom, who或that，作定语并具有物主性质的用whose,如：I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.Here is the man (whom/who/that) you want to see.This is the girl whose wallet was stolen yesterday限定性定语从句如果修饰物，用关系代词that或which，作宾语时可以省去。
作宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which（不能省去），而不用that,如：Don’t buy potatoes that/which are greenThe tool with which he is working is called a saw= The tool (that/which) he is working with is called saw.Who 指人，在定语从句中一般做主语Do you know the man who is speaking to your father.Whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中，whom可以省略。
He is the man (whom) we just talked about.Whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语修饰它后面的名词。
This is the girl whose father is a policeman.Which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时可以省略。
Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn.Apples are the fruit (which) she likes best.that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时相当于which。
He is the man tha t lives next doorShe is the woman that we saw in the supermarketWe like programs that are very interesting.★关系副词引导的定语从句when, where, why引导定语从句时,既起连接作用，又在定语从句中充当状语when指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语This is the place where I grew up.Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语I know the reason why he was late for class.注：当先行词虽然表示时间、地点、原因，而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、而不是状语时，不可用when, where 或why,而应用that 或which。
比较：I’ll never forget the day when I first came to WuhanI’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together(关系词作宾语)Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lakeHangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake (主语)The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason (that/which ) he gave isn’t believable. （宾语）关系副词多可变为“介词+which”.到底该用什么介词，要根据先行词的具体情况而定That is the reason why (=for which) I told you.I’ll never forget the day when (= on which) I first came to Wuhan.Hangzhou is a city where (= in which) there is a beautiful lake.4．定语从句中的特殊用法：Ⅰ. 定语从句中用that不用which的情况在定语从句中，which 和that在指代事物时一般可以互换使用，但并非任何情况都是这样的，下面情况一般要用that①被修饰的先行词为不定代词时，如, only, any, few, little, no, just, much, all, none, one, everything, anything, nothing等时(something 后用that或which均可) Is there anything that I can do for you?There is something that/which keeps worrying me.②先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰，或the last, the only, the very 修饰时This is the first place that I visited last timeHe was the first that gave us some useful advice.③先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时This is the best film that I’ve ever seenThis is the best that can be done now④先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时They talked about the things and people tha t they saw in that country.Ⅱ. 定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that指代物的情况当关系代词前面有介词时A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibitionIs this the dictionary for which you paid for five dollars?在非限定性定语从句中The clock struck thirteen, which made everyone laugh.当关系代词后面带有插入语时Here is the English grammar which, as have told you, will help your English.5．As 和which的辨析关系○1). This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。
○2). Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry.Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。
这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。
但有两点不同之处：a．在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。
b．在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。
因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2)。
当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。
She has married again, as was expected.She has married again, which was unexpected.再如：1)He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again.正如我们所料，他又迟到了。
高三语法复习 同位语从句及其与定语从句的区别(习题带答案)
同位语从句同位语,就是用来补充说明名词的成分。
当我们用一个完整的句子来补充说明名词时，即构成同位语从句。
所以同位语从句都是位于一个名词后面，用来进一步说明前面的名词的内容，这个名词就是同位语从句的先行词。
名词性从句分别是由陈述句，一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变化而来。
一、陈述句作同位语The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.同位语从句可能与其修饰的名词被其他成分隔开。
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.一、一般疑问句作同位语They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.二、特殊疑问句作同位语I have no idea when he will return同位语从句主要是由that引导，而很少用whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导，这是因为我们多是用陈述句来补充说明名词的内容，而很少用一般疑问句或特殊疑问句来补充说明名词的内容。
同位语从句练习请选择最佳答案填空。
1. No one knows exactly .A. how did speech beginB. how speech beganC.how the beginning of speechD. of how beginning speech2. It is obvious on more important things.A. which the money should we spendB. what the money should we spendC. that the money should we spendD. that we should spend the money3. hard water does not mix well with soap.A. That is a well-known factB. That is a well-known fact in whichC. It is a well-known fact thatD. It is a well-known that4. every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field.A. It believes thatB. It believed thatC. It is believed thatD. Its believing|5. was to return to school.A. That really interested himB.what really interested himC. Which really interested himD.That interested him really6.Stopping pouring polluted water into the river is the factory has to solve at present.A. WhatB. thatC. whichD. why7. the mass of the nucleus is slightly less than the total mass of the protons and neutrons which made up the nucleus.A. It found thatB. It was found thatC. It was found forD.It finds that8.He wondered .A. what will be his wife's reactionB. what would his wife's reaction beC. how would be his wife's reactionD. what his wife's reaction would be9. He asked me I intended to do after my graduation.A. that whatB.whatC. thatD.which10. Listening carefully to in class means less work later.A. what does the teacher sayB. what the teacher saysC. that the teacher saysD. which the teacher says11. After the accident, I opened my eyes slowly and realizedI was still alive.'A. ThatB. whetherC. whatD.which12. John didn't say ______he would return, but I presume he'll be back for dinner.A. that whenB. whenC. if or notD.where13. He works too hard. That is is wrong with him.A. that whichB. that whatC. whatD.the thing what14. to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces,A. Danger can beB. What can be dangerousC. They can be dangerousD. While danger15. According to some educators, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what to know to live a well-adjusted and successful life.A. do they needB. they needC. they are neededD.as they may need16. the trainer wanted to tell is Asian elephants are easier to tame than African ones.A. That, thoseB. What, thatC. What, theD.that, the17. the London Zoo will adopt as a measurement at the critical moment is to try all ways preserving the animals in the zoo.A. ThatB. WhatC.itsD.whether18. The problem now is we can adopt to overcome the difficulties in shortage of funds.A. what measureB. that measureC. measure thatD.measure which19. The mountain was many animals, such as wolves, badges and rabbits once haunted but now it is so silent.A. that placeB. whereC. WhatD.then20. The reason we're so late is .A. because of the car breaking downB. due the care broke downC. that the car broke downD. because the car broke down21. The question is can be put into practice.A. how you have learnedB. how that you have learnedC. that why you have learnedD. how what you have learned22. There are signs restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A. ThatB. whichC. in whichD.whose23. that the first cheese was probably made more than 4, 000 years ago by nomadic tribes in Asia.A. The beliefB. Although they believeC. It is believedD.believing24. In the fourteenth century, that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven,A. the discoveryB. it was discoveredC. with the discoveryD.if it was discovered25. We were all overjoyed at the news the experiment turned out a success.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. what答案：1-5：B D C C B 6-10: A B D B B 11-15: A B C B B16-20: B B A B C 21-25: D A C B B。
高考英语定语从句与同位语从句分析
高考英语定语从句与同位语从句分析在高考英语中，定语从句和同位语从句是两个重要且常考的语法点。
理解和掌握这两种从句的特点和用法，对于提升英语成绩至关重要。
定语从句，顾名思义，是在句子中充当定语成分，用来修饰先行词。
先行词通常是名词或代词。
定语从句通过关系词与先行词相连，关系词包括关系代词（如 that, which, who, whom, whose）和关系副词（如when, where, why）。
比如说，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，先行词是“book”，关系词是“that”，在从句中充当宾语。
这个定语从句修饰先行词“book”，说明了是“我昨天买的那本书”。
再看一个例子，“The city where I was born is very beautiful” 这里的“where I was born”是定语从句，先行词是“city”，关系词是“where”，在从句中充当地点状语，表示“我出生的那个城市”。
定语从句在使用时有一些需要注意的地方。
关系代词 that 和 which在很多情况下可以互换，但在先行词是不定代词（如 something, anything, nothing 等）、先行词被最高级或序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物等情况下，通常只能用 that。
另外，关系代词 whose 在从句中作定语，表示“……的”。
接下来，我们来看看同位语从句。
同位语从句是用来解释说明先行词的具体内容的，先行词通常是抽象名词，如 idea, fact, news, belief, hope, thought 等。
同位语从句常用的引导词有 that, whether, 连接代词what, who 等，连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。
定语从句与同位语从句(全)
教案7.21定语从句详细讲解一、定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句_同位语从句_强调句[1]
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高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句、同位语从句、强调句1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考：（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；（3）选择合适的关联词。
1.2何时用that ？何时用which？1.2.1只能用that 的3种情况：（1）先行词被序数词最高级，以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过.（2）先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词.（3）先行词同时是人和物并列时.ter my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and persons that they rememberedin school.1.2.2 只能用which的情况：（1）介宾短语（2）指代前面的一件事e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3关系代词as（正如…）1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语e.g.As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同一块材料)We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语e.g.She is remarkable, as I have told you .She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件)She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)=He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as的固定用法:As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, …1.4 all that和whatAll that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.that引导定语从句that引导表语从句= What I know is that……What引导主语从句1.5 关系副词: where, when, why比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.I will never forget the day that we spent．．．．．together.The reason．．．．．． why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.T he reason you gave me yesterday cannot be accepted.The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就用关系副词。
高中英语同位语从句和定语从句练习含答案
高中英语同位语从句和定语从句练习含答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1同位语从句讲解与练习1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。
2.连接词：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。
引导同位语从句时一般都不省略。
if一般不引导同位语从句that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”E.g. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come你在哪儿听说我不能来I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句，在句中作成分。
E.g. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
3.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有：belief doubt explanation hopeidea news opinion possibilitystatement thought wish truthfact question promise problemreply report suggestion advicefear warning understanding feelingrumor certainty probability on conditionon the understanding with the exception in spite of the factE.g. Daniel will be allowed to make a trip to China on condition that he gets an A in all his school subjects.4同位语从句与定语从句的区别1）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别句法功能上that引导的同位语从句that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。
同位语从句讲解及练习含答案
同位语从句讲解与训练一、同位语的概述1. 同位语的定义：一个名词或代词后面有时可跟一名词(或其它形式)，对它作进一步的修饰,限定或说明，说明它是谁，是什么，当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
2. 同位语的分类：同位语分限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性同位语和前面的词关系比较密切，之间不能停顿；非限制性同位语与前面的词关系比较疏散，常用逗号隔开。
例如：③Mickey Mouse first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie.米老鼠首次出现在卡通片《威利号汽船》中。
Steamboat Willie就是cartoon的同位语，关系紧密。
④Walt Disney, an rich and successful businessman, created the famous cartoon character----Mickney Mouse. 瓦尔特迪士尼，一个富有而成功的商人，创造出了这个著名的卡通形象----米老鼠。
an rich and successful man 是主语Walt Disney的同位语，句子中有没有它，无所谓，不影响理解。
而且“瓦尔特迪士尼”是个“富有而成功的商人”，反过来，“一个富有而成功的商人”可不一定就是“瓦尔特迪士尼”。
3. 同位语的形式：(1)名词用作同位语时最多：①This is Mr．Brown，our Spanish teacher．这是我们的西班牙语老师布朗先生。
②“Leave it to me，”said Lao He，the man on night duty．值夜班的人老何说：“这事交给我。
”③You girls may take those seats over there．你们姑娘们可以坐在那边的座位上。
高中定语从句和同位语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解一、定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词与关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why, that等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:-- The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman、在本句中,who is shaking hands with my father 就是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, ‘who’就是引导定语从句的关系代词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
-- The boys who are playing football are from Class One、正在踢足球的男孩就是一班的。
-- Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning、想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
-- Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way、昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
-- That is the teacher who teaches us physics、那就就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
-- Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus、刘先生就就是您们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
高中定语从句讲解与练习（附答案）
高中定语从句讲解与练习（附答案）定语从句专项讲解与练习1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。
它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。
主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。
PS:what不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that.The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom/ that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：1）指人时宜用who 的情况：a. 当先行词是one, ones, anyone 或those , these 时，关系代词用who。
高中英语名词性从句与定语从句、同位语从句综合练习题20题(答案解析)
高中英语名词性从句与定语从句、同位语从句综合练习题20题(答案解析)1._____ he will come or not is still unknown.A.WhetherB.IfC.ThatD.What答案解析：A。
“Whether...or not”是固定搭配，表示“是否”，在名词性从句中引导主语从句。
if 不能与or not 连用；that 引导主语从句时无实际意义，在本句中不符合；what 引导主语从句时在句中充当成分，本句不缺成分。
2.I don't know _____ he did it.A.howB.whyC.whenD.what答案解析：B。
本句缺少的是did it 的原因，所以用why 引导宾语从句。
how 表示方式；when 表示时间；what 在宾语从句中要充当成分，本句不缺成分。
3.The problem is _____ we can get there on time.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how答案解析：B。
本句表示“问题是我们是否能按时到达那里”，所以用whether 引导表语从句。
that 引导表语从句时无实际意义，在本句中不符合；what 和how 在表语从句中都不符合本句语境。
4.The news _____ he told me is very exciting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who答案解析：A。
本句中先行词news 在从句中作told 的宾语，且news 是物，所以用that 引导定语从句。
what 不能引导定语从句；which 引导定语从句时先行词必须是物，但本句中news 被特定的he told me 修饰，所以用that 更合适；who 引导定语从句时先行词是人。
5.The fact _____ he is a famous singer surprises us.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who答案解析：A。
同位语从句与定语从句的区别(很经典的区别,有配套练习测试与参考答案)
同位语从句与定语从句的区别（配练习与答案）一、复习定语从句1.定义：该句子在复合句中作定语，像形容词一样起修饰作用。
2.特点：1)用陈述句语序。
2)去掉从句主句仍是一个完整的句子。
3.位置：位于所修饰的名词之后，该名词叫做先行词。
4.引导词：1）关系代词：a)在从句中可做主语，宾语，定语。
b)分为：先行词为人：who(主，宾)，whom(宾)，whose(定),that（主，宾）先行词为物：which(主，宾),that（主，宾）,whose（定）eg：TheladywhoisstandingbehindTomismysister.ThisisthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.c)关系代词在从句中作宾语常常省略。
2）关系副词：a)在从句中作状语。
b)分为：when,where,whyeg：HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.新内容：1.词类：同从的名词只能是抽象名词;定从可是名词也可是代词Ican’tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.2.性质：同从对前面的抽象名词进一步解释说明;定从对先行词进行修饰和限制。
Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.3.引导词:a.同为that引导：同从中，that不充当任何成分，不可省;定从中，that作主，宾。
作宾语时可省。
b.同为疑问词引导，同从可用what,whether,how等，定从不可;同从引导词表疑问，定从不表疑问Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.Irememberthedaywhenhetoldmethathelovedme.一，单选。