高考阅读理解和任务型阅读专题(精选高考真题附解析)

一阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

ＡDeath Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha”—the land of fire. Death Valley’s present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon, ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil’ s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.1. The name of the valley comes from _______.A. an Indian nameB. the death of the minersC. the local peopleD. a National Movement2. _______ is the lowest place in the desert.A. TomeshaB. Death ValleyC. NevadaD. Badwater3. Devil Golf Course is famous for _______.A. the frequent windB. the colors of the sandC. dream-like sightsD. the sand sculptures4. From the passage we can see that the writer _______ the Death Valley.A. appreciatesB. is fearful ofC. dislikesD. is tired of5. From the passage we can learn that _______.A. no one had ever known the desert before the minersB. it’s still not easy to travel across the desertC. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desertD. people have changed the natural sight of the desertＢThe Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation’s largest city.The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121 461 891.For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clinton’s Ditch(沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.７. It can be inferred that ________ into the Atlantic Ocean.A. the Great Lakes flowB. the Hudson River flowsC. Lake Erie flowsD. the Erie Canal flows６. We can see that the Erie Canal ________.A. joined the Great Lakes togetherB. crossed New York from north to southC. played an important part in developing New York CityD. was the first waterway built in the US９. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends.B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor.C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time.D. Construction of the canal took eight years.８. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000.B. It’s 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.D. Many other states helped New York built the canal.ＣThe blue tits(山雀) have been inspecting the nest-box again this year. The male is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice. He lands at the hole and turns his head to expose his white cheeks as a signal to attract the female from where she has been feeding.Among many birds that nest in holes, the male has a light-coloured patch on its plumage(鸟羽) which acts as signal for drawing the female’s attention to a suitable nesting-place. Unlike the blue tit, the redstart(红尾鸲) may be only the male that strikingly coloured and the female is not beautiful.A few years ago I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in action in a Walsh wood. The male was leading an interested female to holes that he had previously(先前) checked out. He sat at the entrance of each hole and put his head on to show off his white forehead, or his head in to reveal(显露) his tail.If the female failed to react to his visual signals, the male sometimes sang for extra effect, while gliding towards her on spread wings and tail. Once the female accepts by following the male through the hole the displays stop, you must be at the right place at the right time to watch them.１１. The writer was lucky to see ________.A. how the male made his tricksB. how an interested female played with the male happilyC. what the male displayed and won the femaleD. that the male tried his best but failed to attract the female１０. How do the blue tits choose their nest?A. They choose their nest together.B. The male chooses their nest.C. The house-hunter chooses their nest.D. The female chooses their nest.１３. The writer is probably ________.A. a bird expertB. a bird-hunterC. a bird raiserD. a scientist１２. You can spot a pair of redstarts in a Walsh wood ________.A. at any timeB. regularlyC. in AprilD. occasionallyDNew York: when the first jet struck, World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the People in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast.Katherine Hachinski, who had been knocked off her chair by the blast of heat exploding from the neighboring tower, was one of those. Despite her 70 years of age, Ms Hachinski, an architect working on the 91st floor of 2 World Trade Centre, the south tower, went for the stairs. Twelve floors above her, Judy Wein, an executive (经理), screamed and set off too.But others up and down the 110 floors, many without clear views of the damage across the way and thus unclear about what was happening, were not so sure. And the 18 minutes before the next plane would hit were ticking off.Amid the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the sound tower instructed people to stay put, assuring them that the building was sound and the threat was limited to the other tower.Some left, others stayed. Some began to climb down and, when met with more announcements and other cautions(警告) to stop or return, went hack up. The decisions made in those instants proved to be of great importance, because many who chose to stay were doomed(注定死亡) when the second jet crashed into the south tower, killing many and stranding(使某物留在) many more in the floors above where the jet hit.One of those caught in indecision was the executive at Fuji Bank UAS.Richard Jacobs of Fuji Bank left the 79th floor with the other office workers, but on the 48th floor they heard the announcement that the situation was under control. Several got in the lifts and went back up, two minutes or so before the plane crashed-into their floor.“I just don’t know what happened to them,” Mr. Jacobs said.15. The underlined words “stay put” means_______.A. stay in the buildingB. leave at onceC. put everything back and then leaveD. keep silent14. From the passage, we know that the south tower was hit by the plane_______.A. at 8: 30B. 18 minutes earlier than the north towerC. at around 9:06D. at 8:4817. Fewer people would have died if_______.A. more announcement had been madeB. people hadn’t used the liftsC. the incident had happened on a weekendD. the people had obeyed the office rules16. Which floor was hit by the second jet?A. the 91st floorB. the 103rd floorC. the 60th floorD. the 79th floor二任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。