雅思作文常用论据素材

Task-2 常用论据素材

1. 环境类话题

1- 1.Economic/social development and environment

1- 1-a. the influences of economic/social development upon environment obtain convenience :

electrical facilities + vehicles with traditional energies = the emissions of toxic substances and greenhouse gases pursue economic profits :

government revenue = tax income = the constructions of factories or low-end industries= chemical wastes

1- 1-b. the solutions to environmental contamination Technological approaches : The research and development of alternative energies (solar power, hybrid, wind, hydro power)

The invention and promotion of energy-efficient facilities (efficient lightbulb, circulating water system)

Economic approaches :

Government 's subsidies on the research and development of alternative or renewable resources

1-2. agencies to shoulder the responsibilities for environmental problems 1-2-a. government 's responsibility

Legislative approach :

Formulate strict laws and harsh punishments for those who generate pollution Economic approach :

Levy heavy taxes on those polluters + grant subsidies on those who are environmental-friendly

1-2-b. individual 's responsibility

Endeavors to reduce pollution :

Choose alternative modes of travel, including walking or public transportation, instead of private cars

Take an active part in the classification of garbage, reusing and recycling the waste materials

2. 教育类话题

2- 1. the purpose of schooling

2- 1-a. the significance of academic knowledge

Achieve the fundamental objective of schooling :

Advancement of boundaries of knowledge + building up thinking patterns to problem-solving

Be beneficial to job-hunting :

Acquire professional knowledge and skills associated with a specific field = more competitive and competent in job-seeking

2- 1-b. the significance of moral and ethical education

Be conducive to personal development :

Enable individuals to distinguish the good from the evil and ensure them on the

right track in terms of moral development

Avoid running counter to the laws

Fundamental responsibility of teachers :

Be responsible for imparting students with positive morals, values and ethics to ensure student 's healthy growth

2-2. learning style (traditional Vs. modern)

2-2-a. the significance of teacher

Implement individualized education :

Can carry out student-oriented teaching pattern, in which teachers can investigate students 'needs and formulate curriculum designs on the basis of students

'distinct situations Reliability and professionalism :

Expert background in teaching = more professional teaching pattern

+ more reliable information source

2-2-b. the significance of other resources

The diversity of information resource :

Obtain information and updated knowledge from a variety of fields

Motivation :

Avoid tedious learning process + render learning process more vivid and vigorous 2-3. academic subjects and arts/sports

2-3-a. the significance of academic subjects

National interest/development :

Academic subjects = achievements in scientific research = benefits in various fields, such as military and medical areas + higher international status and

reputation Be beneficial to job-hunting :

Professional knowledge in specific fields = more competitive and competent in job-seeking

2-3-b. the significance of arts/sports

Enrich spiritual life and enhance physical health :

Arts = be conducive to self-cultivation = relieve pressure

Sports = physical exercises = reduce the possibility of disease

Bring higher government revenue + national reputation :

Protect and promote traditional arts = attract more attentions worldwide =

tourism = economic profits

Success in sports competition = higher national reputation

2-4. parents and schools 'responsibilities

2-4-a. parents 'responsibility

ensure children 's healthy growth;

impart children with fundamental knowledge, skills and values;

teach children how to distinguish the good from the evil;

guide children on the basis of their personality traits and strong/weak points

2-4-b. schools 'responsibility

have an abundance of educational resources (professional teaching staff +

educational facilities);

implement individualized education; impart individuals with knowledge and

values

3. 媒体类话题

3- 1. violent/obscene/disaster images in TV programs and movies

3- 1-a. the reasons why violent images should be banned

Adverse impacts upon children and youths :

Children are immature = limited recognition and strong curiosity = imitate violent images

Threaten social harmony :

Images of disaster = immerse individuals in depression and frustration = adverse impacts upon study and work

Images of violence = render individuals feel frightened and anxious =

psychological pressure = adverse impacts upon study and work

3- 1-b. the reasons why violent/obscene/disaster images are displayed Economic profits for mass media :

Images of disaster and violence = higher audience rating = more advertisements = more revenue

Government's negligence of responsibility :

The formulation of laws to supervise mass media is insufficient.

The implementation of laws is undemanding.

4. 犯罪类话题

4- 1. the methods to deal with criminals

4- 1-a. the impacts of harsh punishment/penalty

Deter potential criminal behaviors :

Harsh punishment = those who tend to make a desperate attempt will reconsider their decisions = the stun effect

Console victims + represent the justice of laws :

Harsh punishment = consolation for victims and their family members +

representation of justice of laws

Avoid social panic :

Harsh punishment = increase individuals 'sense of safety

4- 1-b. the impacts of reeducation

Be beneficial to social harmony and stability :

Reeducation = acquire knowledge and skills = survive and be independent in

society = avoid commit crimes again

Reeducation = trigger them to repent and makea fresh start, compared to harsh punishment, such as imprisonment, which brings about desperation and even hatred 4- 2. juvenile delinquency

4- 2-a. the reasons of juvenile delinquency

Social factor :

Mass media's pursuit of profits = obscene and violent images + youths ' imitation

Personal factor :

Adolescent psychological inversion

Domestic factor :

Domestic violence + single-parent family = threaten psychological health (apathy, loss and loneliness)

The solutions to juvenile delinquency

Government's responsibility :

Censorship and supervision over mass media (grading, viewers ' discretion) Parents 'affinity and dialogue :

Reclaim youths

Strict rules will foster the intractability

Parents 'sense of responsibility :

Avoid dispute and violent behavior in front of children

5. 政府类话题

5- 1. government and education

5- 1-a. the reasons why government should finance education

Reliability of financial source :

The government authority is of ability to offer strong and continuous financial

support.

Government's responsibility :

Government administration has duty to provide tax payers with opportunity to be educated and ensure citizens 'right of acquiring

education.

5- 1-b. the reasons why individuals/NGOs should finance education

Relieve government 's financial burden :

More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries, including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which

need government 's funding.

Trigger students to value the opportunity of education :

Students who are financed by themselves will treasure it and devote endeavors to studying.

5- 2. government and culture/arts

5- 2-a. the reasons why government should finance culture/arts

Economic profits :

Government's efforts to protect and promote traditional arts =

tourism = more income for local residents and more government revenue

Ensure cultural diversity :

Government 's efforts to protect culture or arts of ethnic minorities = maintain social harmony and stability

5- 2-b. the reasons why artists/NGOs/individuals should finance culture/arts Relieve government 's financial burden :

More urgent problems are there to be solved especially in developing countries, including medical care, infrastructure, pension plan and poverty, all of which

need government 's funding.

Avoid complex bureaucratic procedure :

The complex bureaucratic procedure of the government needs a long time

which may delay the protection of minority culture.

6. 建筑类话题

6- 1. the importance of the function of a building

6- 1-a. practicability

Capacity (how many people it can accommodate) + safety (resistance against earthquake and fire)

6- 1-b. being environmental-friendly + energy saving

Whether the exterior and interior materials are environmental-friendly is a huge concern of the public.

6- 2. the importance of the appearance of a building

6- 2-a. economic profits

Unique and individualized architectural design = attract individuals 'attentions = tourism = economic profits for local residents and the government

6- 2-b. representation of the culture of a city

Unique and individualized architectural design = represent a city 's cultural identity = distinguish it from many others

7. 就业类话题

7- 1. the reasons why unemployment rate is high

7- 1-a. insufficiency of practical skills

Traditional education = theoretical and academic oriented stuff = practical skills are inadequate + employers 'expectation (seek those with practical skills to reduce training cost)

7- 1-b. labor supply > labor demand

Universities 'enlargement of enrollment = a huge number of graduate enter the labor market to seek employment opportunity + labor demand remains limited = unemployment

7- 2. the solutions to reducing unemployment rate

7- 2-a. opportunity of practicum and internship for graduates

Universities are expected to offer internship positions for those

young graduates, which can facilitate the transition between graduation and

employment.

7- 2-b. economic incentives from the government

Tax-cut policy + subsidy = encourage enterprises to hire young

graduates

8. 家庭类话题

8- 1. the advantages of living together

8- 1-a. exert positive impacts upon children 's development Seniors, with healthy lifestyles, habits and regular schedules, as

a vivid example, can exert positive effects, by which children follow a right track

to grow up.

8- 1-b. promote the closeness and harmony of family

Living together contributes to facilitating mutual understanding and respect among family members, dispelling barrier and misunderstanding.

8- 2. the disadvantages of living together

8- 2-a. conflicts

Generation gap (difference in thinking pattern and living habit) = conflict

Educational methods (a difference exists among individuals of old generation in terms of the strategy to educate the youngsters.)

8- 2-b. loss of privacy

Life is under momentary monitor and supervision.

9. 社会发展与全球化类话题

9- 1. the impacts of social progress

9- 1-a. the positive influences of social progress

Higher living standard :

Due to the promotion of medical care, education, pension plan, public services,

public transport and infrastructure, the general public can gain easier access to higher quality of life.

More government revenue :

Social progress = superior education = individuals with outstanding educational background can obtain better employment opportunity = higher income = more income tax

9- 1-b. the negative influences of social progress

Environmental problems :

Emissions of toxic substance and greenhouse gases + exhaustive exploitation (energy shortage) = sustainable development path is faced with challenge.

hinder/impede/dampen human being 's creativity : Advanced technology may render people satisfy the existing state and devote less efforts to moving

forward.

9- 2. international aids

9- 2-a. the significance of international aids

Immediate effect on underdeveloped countries :

Financial and technological aids contribute to solving a series of

problems in poor countries, including food shortage, spread of disease and poor infrastructure, all of which are attributed to the insufficiency of funding.

Humanitarianism :

Human beings living in the same global village help one another, providing

individuals in poor countries with a chance to enhance their quality of life. =

global harmony

9- 2-b. the problems of international aids

Loss of motivation to develop themselves :

The governments of underdeveloped countries are reluctant or, to be more

accurate, lazy to take an active part in making progress, due to the fact that they get accustomed to obtaining aids.

Complaints from tax payers of developing countries :

Domestic affairs are equally urgent and appeal financial support either, such as medical care, infrastructure and unemployment insurance.

9-3. the advantages and disadvantages of the movement of people

9-3-a. the advantages of the movement of people

Enhance quality of life and well-being :

Moving to a new place for working or studying is often driven by a desire to fulfill personal needs in academic or career layers, such as obtaining superior

education, better working environment and higher payment.

Narrow regional difference (balance regional development) :

The movement of talents facilitates filling the gap between developed and

underdeveloped regions, on account of the fact that they bring advanced

knowledge, extensive experience and professional skills to the underdeveloped area.

9-3-b. the disadvantages of the movement of people

Problems in major cities :

Population explosion, energy shortage, difficulty in employment, traffic

congestion and contamination

Problems in psychology :

Insufficiency in ability to adapt = sense of loneliness and homesickness

10. 广告类话题

10- 1. the positive layers of advertisements

10- 1-a. for enterprises:

Commercial advertising serves as a crucial medium for enterprises to promote and popularize their ideas and products, by which potential market can be developed.

10- 1-b. for consumers:

The general public can gain access to the information regarding the products, including price, function and suitable crowd. Simultaneously, information with

respect to discount and promotion is also involved.

10- 2. the negative layers of advertisements

10- 2-a. improper images

To attract more attentions, someadvertisements contain obscene and violent images, which exert adverse impacts upon youths who possibly imitate them

and commit crimes.

10- 2-b. mislead consumers

Some advertisements may contain information that is fake or exaggerated, which misleads consumers and thus render them make wrong purchasing decisions.

11. 旅游类话题

11- 1. the benefits of tourism

11- 1-a. promote local and national economy

Making consumptions in shopping malls, restaurants, hotels and scenic spots, visitors bring considerable business opportunities for local economy, which

leads to a consequence that tax income gets increased for local government, equally important, more job positions are available.

11- 1-b. enhance cross-cultural communication

Tourism facilitates individuals with distinct backgrounds to communicate with one another, by which mutual understanding and respect can be set up and

prejudice and misunderstanding can be eliminated.

11- 2. the drawbacks of tourism

11- 2-a. environmental problems for tour destinations

Garbage disposal and exhaust emission

11- 2-b. preservation of cultural relics

An excessive number of tourists set an awkward question for those tour destinations, owing to their limited carrying capacity.

11- 2-c. interrupt normal life of local residents

More demands for transportation and accommodation caused by tourists disturb the normal life of local residents.

12. 健康类话题

12- 1. the reasons for healthy problems

12- 1-a. unhealthy habits

smoking and excessive drinking + staying up all night + irregular

life style

12- 1-b. pressure from work and study

The intense competition immerses individuals in a condition of tension, leading to less time and motivation to do physical exercises.

12- 1-c. contamination

Air and noise pollution (exhaust + greenhouse gases)

12- 2. the solutions to healthy problems

12- 2-a. correct improper habits

Media should shoulder the responsibility to popularize healthy habits.

12- 2-b. relieve pressure

Maintain an optimistic mood + keep physical exercises

12-2-c. deal with pollution

Governemnt 's efforts + individuals 'endeavors (refer to No.1)

13. 食品类话题

13- 1. the advantages of transporting (importing + exporting) food

13- 1-a. importing food:

Domestic consumers can benefit from importing food, due to a variety of food available for selecting.

13- 1-b. exporting food:

It brings about considerable economic profits for countries which export food, especially for those who work in the industry of food export.

13- 2. the disadvantages of transporting (importing + exporting) food

13- 2-a. importing food:

On account of lower price and higher quality, importing food forms a threat to domestic food, which implies that workers in domestic food industry may be

faced with unemployment. (without tariff)

13- 2-b. exporting food:

With tariff, exporting food is expensive for import countries = less demand = workers producing exporting food will have less income.

13- 2-c. environmental problems

Frequent transportation of food by air = more emission of greenhouse gas = global warming

14. 性别差异类话题

14- 1. the advantages of hiring female employees/allowing female to join in army

14- 1-a. equality of right

Females and males should be granted equal right to have employment opportunity or serving for their country. Gender discrimination, however,

impedes the principle of equality of right to be achieved.

14- 1-b. promote females 'economic and social status

More employment opportunities for females give rise to such a consequence that their income will witness a rise, which leads to their stronger voice in their family as well as the society. Put another way, their economic

and social status is raised.

14- 1-c. the need of certain fields

Females have impressive performances in certain fields, including nursing and

accounting, which require patience and meticulousness. 14- 2. the disadvantages of hiring female employees

14- 2-a. physical weakness

Females 'physical weakness disallows them to carry out those works which are physically demanding.

14- 2-b. sexual harassment

Females may face sexual harassment in workplaces from their supervisors and colleagues.

15. 科技类话题

15- 1. the positive impacts of technological progress

15- 1-a. promote/optimize productivity/efficiency = enhance individuals ' well-being 15- 1-b.contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection (sustainable development can be achieved)

15- 1-c. facilitate the spread of knowledge (the internet)

15- 2. the negative effects of technological progress

15- 2-a. hinder/impede/dampen human beings 'creativity:

Advanced technology may render people satisfy the existing state and devote less endeavors to moving forward.

15- 2-b. generate pollution/toxic substance/greenhouse gas

15-2-c. challenge traditional craftsmanship and skills

15-2-d. encroach on people 's privacy (surveillance)

16. 文化习俗类话题

16- 1. the positive aspects of cultural communication

16- 1-a. promote mutual understanding and respect amongdifferent cultures = the tolerance of cultural difference

16- 1-b. enrich local culture

Valentine 's Day and Christmas Day render local culture becomemore diversified.

16- 2. the negative aspects of cultural communication

16- 2-a. undermine the individuality and uniqueness of local culture

Valentine 's Day and Christmas Day, to a large extent, corrode people 's

passion of their traditional and ethnic holidays.